Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
  • H04R5/027—Spatial or constructional arrangements of microphones, e.g. in dummy heads
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
  • H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers

Definitions

• the process causes the polarization of acoustic wave fields.
• the excitation of a progressively running wave front e.g. impulse
• a polarizing dipole per axis is created via lateral poles and system-specific transit times.
• DYMMY HEAD On the recording side at KUNSTKOPF-STEREOPHONIE the DYMMY HEAD, representative of any number of listeners, is positioned in the concert hall and the signal is usually ported to the listeners via headphones.
• Headphones provide directional acoustics at approx. 180 degrees (right - left, quasi axial) and thus a realistic stereo impression.
• the axis of the playback system is parallel to the auditory axis (adaptive to hearing).
• the main disadvantage is that headphones only reach one person per system.
• two speakers are arranged so that they form completely independent, separate wave fields.
• Speaker arrangements in monolithic construction are known, but they contain relevant reflected sound components of the speakers with the help of the side walls:
• the point-shaped microphone capsule which hardly influences the sound field and whose dimensions are small in relation to the transmitted wavelengths, is a reality. It then causes neither reflections that distort the field image, nor diffractions, and no physical separation between the right and left channels, as long as large housings and separators are not used. According to sound engineers, even microphones with small diaphragm diameters and omnidirectional characteristics above 1kHz often show increasing directivity.
• the directional tube microphone is known. It takes advantage of the fact that sound waves can be collected through a pipe by aligning themselves along its longitudinal axis. Cylinders (bodies or pipes) therefore generally promote wave propagation along their axis, the linear coordinate of a cylinder coordinate system.
• loudspeakers form an extreme disturbance in the room, because their size is many times the size of recording transducers. For the same reason, their directional effect is clearly pronounced.
• the built-in housings, baffles, etc. are even larger - they prevent the acoustic short circuit and lead to an improvement in the frequency response, but all walls always form reflective arrangements (e.g. bass reflex box) and disrupt their usual corners and edges (bend, for example) the sound flow.
• the wave equations of rectangular boxes are usefully described in the Cartesian coordinate system (eigenfunctions).
• the sound flow should pass from one (internal, e.g. Cartesian room) to the other (external, spherical) coordinate system with as little interference as possible (low reflection and diffraction).
• a usual box prevents this due to the geometry (corners, edges, side and rear wall).
• An object of the invention is a less disturbed transition of the sound flow (energy flow) of the progressively running sound wave in the reproduction room.
• each curve shape can be viewed as an (infinitesimal) sequence of time-shifted superposed rectangular pulses (+/-). In principle, it is therefore sufficient to consider the effect of a single impulse. If an energy pulse at the beginning of a (thin) tube causes the deflection of a membrane, the wave runs inside and outside the tube at the speed of air and sound. The primary membrane impulse pumps a progressive wave forward. A terminal 2nd membrane would move in the same direction with a time delay.
• Reflected energies and resonances at least in the location-relevant midrange and treble range, must not relevantly disrupt or even destroy the effect (especially the widened stereo base regardless of location). In particular, resonances in the bass range that are not location-relevant may be permitted.
• a casing of the above-mentioned shapes may form differently shaped housings, because covering or positioning behind, on or under bodies shows improvements! The existence of directed (approx. Equidistant) basic structures is important! This includes simple tube structures, including a bundle of (thin) tubes (ch) inside. 2.4. terminology
• SCALAR A parameter that is identical in every spatial direction is called SCALAR and is conceivable as a concentric (elementary) sphere with a homogeneous property everywhere. Crystals e.g. do not meet this condition!
• a parameter directed in only one dimension (structure, spread) describes a VECTOR.
• the separating wall may e.g. can also be shaped as a funnel or tube.
• POLARISATION does not mean elementary concentric (spherical). This property of matter or waves with a preferred direction, especially along a line with terminal poles, is polarized:
• the preferred direction of a progressively advancing plane wave is a directed finite line (vector). This can consist of a runtime-defined distance (or more) with terminal poles in the form of final interfaces (at least at the tube start from membranes) of a really finite (cylindrical) system.
• the tube length L generates such a dipole moment as a polarization path of an acoustically polarized dipole.
• - Polarization as the main, unambiguous directional property of a traveling wave is primarily polarized, in contrast to properties acquired secondarily, e.g. a secondary reflection of the wave.
• Fig. 2a Vector P, length L d
• an emitted pulse runs around the ring as pressure and tension wave on both sides.
• the impulse propagates in the outside air at the end of the pipe. If the energy runs in the opposite direction to the energy in the interior (reactive), a wave reaches the other side of the membrane with a delay.
• the wavefront forms surfaces (complementary to the progression line) that are parallel-planar in the interior of straight tubes (compianar.
• Acoustically polarized such as progressive sound waves in a preferred direction are called.
• Hearing adaptive (ear-correct) polarized is a wave direction that is adapted to the hearing or is easily adaptable.
• the vertical reproduction of a real horizontal sound event is not adaptive to hearing. It depends on the adaptive usability of the system with regard to location-relevant frequencies.
• the use of the principle for bass reproduction (EP-0263748) and in a vertical arrangement cannot represent the effect according to the invention.
• Two such tubes, each with a (terminal) transducer form a stereo arrangement.
• the system delivers such a polarized and, based on each transducer, quasi reflection-free progressive stereo field.
• a (straight) tube can be aligned as a diffraction and reflection-free path in the auditory direction (adaptive to hearing).
• the distance between the transducers defines the signal transit time T and causes a kind of dipole moment (see above, see mechanical pair of forces as levers, dipoles of electrical engineering).
• An acoustic parallel field according to the invention is now generated by an acoustically polarized stereo dipole.
• an uninterrupted longitudinal connection is formed by a cylindrical body (eg round metal or plastic tube, see Fig.2a: AC for "acoustic conductor”.
• a pair of transducers is arranged coaxially (Fig.2a: W1 and W2)
• the easiest way to stimulate co-planar waveforms is by means of terminal parallel flat "pumping" surfaces (membranes as co-planar / polyplanar as possible) which act as sound transducers and act on the end surfaces of this polarizer (or inside).
• the system appears to have an extended axis that extends far beyond the dimensions of the arrangement and shows a clear horizontal effect.
• the vibration axis of the generated waves which is aligned with the direction of hearing, simulates a very wide, transparent stereo base, with which the heights are surprisingly hardly missed. If the membranes vibrate in opposite directions (same polarity), the stereo base usually narrows in favor of bass reproduction. But even then, the effect is very clear with many shots!
• Test subjects including sound engineers, were sometimes directly in front of the hidden arrangements at a distance of 1 to 4m, sometimes in an angular range of up to 90 °.
• the system was incorrectly localized in the same direction as 2 dummy boxes in the corners of the room!
• the listeners moved in the room, sometimes in open adjacent rooms, without the effect disappearing. With comparison boxes this was never verified! 5.
• the volume integral delivers the source strength within the volume via a source field and is equal to the envelope line grail of the vectors of its flow.
• the difference between the energy entering and exiting the volume surface corresponds to the energy contained in the volume.
• the Stokes theorem describes the current vortex components of the field (Lit # 1, p. 248) just as vividly as they occur in acoustics on sound transducers (microphone, loudspeaker membrane).
• a segment between two spherical shells defines the (conical) shape that a wave radiated concentrically from just one point passes through between two times.
• the form degenerates to the above Cylinder.
• Multiple sources require multiple cylinders or a system of 3 orthogonal components.
• Fig.1a Only radial components b) Such a volume can theoretically be chosen arbitrarily: as a polyhedron (equilateral), specifically as a rectangle (cube), theoretically even a "breathing” (polarized) sphere selectively "breathing” in the direction of each energy flow or sound flow, that must not breathe concentrically. - The cube is the simplest form of everything. c) A cube with an edge length of 50cm is chosen (in the far field). To illustrate this, it does no harm to understand the running energy of the waves as flowing particle streams with certain directions. If the reproduction of the recording should be as natural as possible, the recording and reproduction sound transducers must not be separated by bodies (walls, boxes! That change the energy (sound) flow.
• a passive membrane replaced by (several) measuring microphones per side surface, enables the acoustic energy to be measured in and out on the receiving side.
• Approximately one measurement microphone per surface is sufficient as long as the volume geometry remains small relative to the distance of the (sound) sources from the microphone.
• the measurement difference between two opposite membranes of the cube describes three vectors in three spatial dimensions, which according to Gauss (see above) describe the current sources in volume approximately.
• a two-sided "flow" measurement which detects delayed entry and exit energies (differences, vectors). This corresponds to 3 converter dipoles.
• an ideally identical (cubic) volume membrane should now reproduce the measurements on the recording side.
• Each side surface of the above cube can be viewed as a rectangular partial membrane.
• every point on the surface is excited in such a way that the inverse action of the membrane (ring field) generates an oscillation in phase with the receiving space (theoretically this would be possible with distributed voice coils per excited membrane).
• One sewing membrane per surface is sufficient, however.
• the vibration of the playback cube in the close range acts like that of the recording cube.
• an optimized reproduction of propagation time and phase differences now requires 2 opposite membranes of the transducer cube.
• Two converters per stereo channel would be an optimized dipole.
• a cross dipole already promises the reproducibility of the horizontal (hearing-adaptive) components. 5.5. Theoretical result
• the original phase correlations (differences) of the recording room should be reproducible far better than previously possible during playback at any location in the playback room. Since the time must be positive, the comparability is probably only valid for one half-space, i.e. those places that lie in the direction of the original sound propagation. But this is the space for the audience anyway. a)
• the volume on the recording and playback side can theoretically have any shape, ie it can also be any polygon (especially cuboid; cone, especially again equilateral) or even a non-concentrically "breathing" sphere.
• the cube corresponds to three individual vectorial (polarizing, stereo) arrangements.
• the reproduction component fictitiously collinear with its vector of the recording space can be generated in each reproduction space.
• the energy flow of the recording room is approximately reproduced.
• a stereo dipole according to the invention covers at most one component (dimension)!
• Subwoofers can add missing basses in a previously known way (irrelevant to onungs).
• the mono parts inflate the tube in the bass region virtually pneumatically and bring about an improved bass reproduction.
• a small central opening showed measurable bass reflex effects at half the lower cut-off frequency (approx. 50 Hz).
• the transverse wave can therefore be selected and superposed for an optimized system of a longitudinal wave.
• the casing of the new system pumps transversely. This corresponds to the dilation and contraction of the above-mentioned housing cylinder. While the location-relevant frequencies e.g. radiated longitudinally (here via the lateral poles), the emission of the irrelevant basses can then be purely transversal.
• the recording side can also use the equivalent laws (only inverse to the loudspeaker system described) for the purpose of polarized receiver-side reconstruction (each) of an acoustic axis on the recording side.
• the transfer to the recording side leads to the following theoretical requirements:
• the well-known pressure gradient microphone (cardioid) largely corresponds schematically to the construction principle of an acoustically polarizing recording arrangement.
• the microphone membranes are very close together, in accordance with the meaning of the word "gradient".
• a transmitted gradient of the microphone must now be transmitted separately by channel instead of being summed in one channel.
• the gradient must also become a noticeable (delay-defined) difference. Therefore, a distance of several centimeters (e.g. 15-100cm) and an undisturbed, but low-resonance inner connection (see above playback system) are required.
• the surfaces of the transducers may theoretically have large membranes in the cylinder coordinate system.
• the invention includes recording systems of the same type, especially if they are built for acoustically polarized playback systems.
• a phase (membrane movement) of related transducers which is in the same direction as the wave propagation time between the transducers should be sought. This is achieved particularly easily by the same distances between the transducers in the recording and playback room, e.g. 70, 50 or 17cm (about hearing distance).
• Existing differences in the runtime can be compensated for positive time differences by correcting distance-related time constants (runtime element). Multiple systems (parallel and coaxial, passive and active, delayed) increase the effect.
• Polarized vibrations can be transferred to a polarized recording system for each spatial axis.
• the playback systems can then transmit a polarized image of each coordinate of the recording space.
• the runtime and intensity ratios of the recording space are reproduced in the playback space (in each axis). This is possible with the same distances between the recording / playback converters.
• the acoustic flow measured as components via incoming and outgoing energies in the recording room is reproduced in the playback room (triggered by loudspeaker membranes) with the highest possible geometric or runtime-adapted correlation.
• Partitioning or reflekiierei.de system walls and kinks block or prevent a progressive energy flow:
• polarization is only achieved by an additional curvature of an already degenerate spatial structure (e.g. bending of a flat interface to the pipe or the pipe half-shell) .
• the wave degenerates into a linear (1D) progressively running (flat) wave in this sub-room.
• Stretched, especially cylindrical shapes, can form such sections delimited by terminal poles on the recording and reproduction side, also in or at interfaces.
• the known pressure gradient microphone is a first step towards a microphone according to the invention.
• the schematic structure can be selected in this way.
• two (identical) membranes each belong to their own transmission channel.
• the distances between the terminal membranes are chosen to be larger (e.g. hearing distance) and use the acoustic polarization along the generated path (line).
• a partially polarized image occurs e.g. with the well-known ORFT microphone.
• ORFT microphone With this microphone, a tube connects the two end capsules. The capsules, which are far away from this tube, are already outside the direct tube directivity and are kinked at an angle of approx. 110 °. Since their total distance is only approx. 17 cm, the directionality of the much shorter middle ear is only likely anyway be small.
• the interior structure also contains no elements according to the invention.
• the spherical surface microphone (KFM) has two lateral (opposite) transducers a feature of the invention and its impressive spatiality also shows that it possesses recording properties of the invention. This spherical degeneracy of the arrangement is just as little used as the artificial head, because the sphere has a concentric effect and there is no polarization due to spatial axes (cylindrical or elliptical coordinates).
• the KFM is also a degenerate boundary microphone.
• the latter already uses a flat degenerating surface wave (here: rotating on the ball), but without any linear degeneration, i.e. polarization.
• e When recording with directional microphones, it is known that tubes (directional tube microphone) and flat or parabolic reflectors in the recording direction are used for sound bundling. They are aimed at one of several sound sources in order to select them from the secondary sources.
• the stereo dipole does not primarily use this directional effect, but mainly the unselective (partly orthogonal) characteristic.
• the overall effect takes into account many sources unselectively, especially the characteristics that are adaptive to hearing, so it is overall unselective.
• Such a non-selective recording dipole according to the invention will point at most randomly in the direction of a specific recording sound source (cf. method claim).
• the transducers then point at most at random to a special recording object of generally several 8.2. Playback page
• Each elementary rectangular pulse of a sound wave can now be viewed as a push-back with an air pump that is open on the second side or closed with a second piston (membrane).
• Known loudspeaker arrangements which are not claimed, however, do not use primary polarization in the sense of the invention (largely coplanar, progressive, delayed plane waves of mostly terminally radiating poles).
• Each active loudspeaker membrane acts passively and approximately like an opening for the incoming waves of the other active transducer (stereo channel). With an ideal phase correlation between recording and playback, the transversely acting pressure built up in the system would be minimal.
• the "flexible tube” has e.g. a partition with hard sound reflection.
• Other tube arrangements are also not initially in accordance with the invention. However, as with a simple pipe, they can generate a ring field in the same way as the control is delayed in the same direction or in a mutually appropriate (stereophonic) manner, and would then be a sophisticated system for lower quality requirements.
• polarized (vectorial) components are already generated today. However, a wave arriving earlier at the minimum distance of a rigid slope no longer matches the wave arriving later (e.g. at the maximum distance) and falsifies it very much.
• Phase errors of rigid diaphragms in an angular arrangement would therefore theoretically be largely compensable in the sense of the invention, for example by (bent) connecting pipes in the interior of the housing.
• axial components can occasionally still arise b)
• the unpleasant singular circumferential resonance of a cylinder should be suppressed as much as possible, especially since it usually corresponds to about the same resonance frequency of adapted (glued-in) transducers.
• varying tube cross-sections also help Ellipses and hyperboloids are permissible forms of sewing the cylinder.
• cross-sectional alterations are known to produce transverse components in all longitudinal currents.
• a one-dimensionally transversally polarized sound field is achieved by bundling (layering) parallel planes with spacers instead of bundling tube shapes. If, for example, vertical parallel planes form a tube shape, the horizontal components are suppressed because they lie orthogonal to the layers (ie parallel to the surface vectors of the layering). Instead of the one-dimensional (tube-shaped) structuring, two-dimensional (plane) structures (layers) are used. Only a single transverse component of the wave is suppressed. It can be assumed that polarized acoustic waveforms can also be used differently
• Fig.1b Interpretation as a tube or plane bundle c
• a structure is according to the invention. If it is used, for example, in the longitudinal direction of a tube made of elastic foam, bass components, for example, have a transversely increased effect on the tube jacket, and in the longitudinal direction the higher frequencies at the center - and tweeter membranes In order to suppress the acoustic short circuit near the transducer, the tubular jacket can be selected stiffer than in the middle.
• All passive and active systems (internal and external) parallel to the respective primary arrangement (transducer, polarizer) can polarize through Enhancing the bundling effect In general, all parallel (including longitudinally nested or mirrored) elements seem to provide an effect enhancement. Parallel high, medium and low-frequency systems and phase-corrected arrangements, internal and external, seem sensible 9.
• a mono source on the tube open on one side creates the polarization effect.
• the 2nd opening can be replaced by a passive membrane (switched off 2nd speaker). Only stereo arrangements clarify the effect!
• An actively controlled membrane (e.g. a directed pulse) generates the primary progressive sound wave.
• the tube bundles the sound longitudinally in the main direction, as known from the directional tube microphone.
• the (damped) interior hardly interferes with longitudinal components; they arrive delayed at the end of the pipe.
• a shaft running outside (along the pipe) is also reproduced with a time delay at the end of the pipe.
• the open tube has no reflective surface in the longitudinal direction.
• a thin tube that is triggered directly or by the transducer reacts longitudinally at the same time.
• An opposite membrane can reactively experience a quasi-instantaneous movement in the same direction.
• tubular housings with finite dimensions prevent the direct "acoustic short circuit".
• a tube shape is not necessarily cylindrical. Electronic runtime simulations improve the system.
• a hearing oriented towards the active acoustic dipole works optimally like a receiving dipole.
• the housing (tube) hardly vibrates in the transverse direction.
• the ear held up to a 2mm thick stainless steel tube registers e.g. just a soft (distant) sound.
• Polarizers, polarizer shapes, acoustic conductors, effect amplifiers and transducers vary, e.g. by a) formation of acoustically polarized dipoles, specifically formed by coaxial arrangement of a pair of transducers with a polarizing material connection in between (the acoustic "conductor" for polarization); b) different main axes of action (polarization axes), especially geometrical longitudinal axes;
• rotationally symmetrical acoustic conductors especially simple pipes, but also (approximately) round, elliptical or hyperbolic, double-conical (diamond-shaped) or other angular surfaces of rotation; f) any cylindrical, especially round, polygonal (eg rectangle), also partially tapered or enlarged cross-sections, i.e. varying cross-sectional areas without essential reflection properties;
• g if possible (adapted to the running time) in phase, but also intermediate forms up to phase excitation, especially for the purpose of stereo playback / recording with a subjectively very spatial, widely expanded stereo base; h) monodirectionally ordered systems, especially with several quasi-parallel (also antiparallel) or bundled systems along lines, with control adapted to the runtime between the systems.
• polarization amplifier effective in a preferred direction (equivalent: cross suppressors), specifically
• the passive membrane prevents the build-up of air pressure inside with housing vibration and differs from fixed closures such as partitions or baffles; q) energetically different acoustic excitation of a polarizing body, especially electrostatic or bipolar excitation of a magnet, because instead of separate loudspeaker membranes, systems can be excited to vibrate axially directly via (two) forces acting on a body or its end faces; r) any structure or surface (cladding) which is noticeably reinforced in a main direction and which is used for primary polarized reproduction / recording by means of the structure or cladding waves of a body.
• the Gesarat system forms an active, "acoustically polarized stereo dipole".
• This is an axial radiator that vibrates like other (e.g. electrical) dipoles and can have 2 acoustic transducers (loudspeakers, sound sources) at the poles (ends).
• acoustic transducers ladspeakers, sound sources
• In the space connected by a (damped) pipe parallel (polarized) equipotential planes (approximately) form in the connecting axis of this acoustic "conductor”: progressively running waves (longitudinal waves, momentum law) form along the surface (the jacket).
• This "polarized acoustic dipole” is not to be confused with previously known dipole emitters.
• a polarized stereo signal can also be generated with a minimum of 2 polarized mono sources. Superposition of two ideally anti-parallel, separate, polarized mono sources with an adaptive alignment leads to a polarized stereo dipole. Both can be integrated in a housing and then coupled. Since an active source in the opposite loudspeaker membrane (like an opening) causes a passive membrane oscillation, the active signal of this 2nd loudspeaker of the first oscillation can be superposed.
• More than 2 arbitrarily distributed sources can be e.g. with the three components of their gradients, represented in an orthogonal axis cross, thus form a (3D) vector in the direction of the intensity change and the transit time differences. This completes the room information, but has not been used so far!
• each rod with a fixed length has a resonance frequency.
• the main resonance is a length that corresponds to half the wavelength.
• Rods of different lengths, from very short to very long, should cover the entire audible spectrum and be vibrated in their longitudinal direction. With a loudspeaker attached to the poles of a tube filled with such rods or with a pair of loudspeakers, the rods should be made to vibrate. Instead of rods, glass fibers of various lengths were provided

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Stereophonic System (AREA)
• Polarising Elements (AREA)
• Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
• Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
• Surface Acoustic Wave Elements And Circuit Networks Thereof (AREA)
• Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

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• 1993
  • 1993-12-29 DE DE59307400T patent/DE59307400D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-12-29 DK DK94911864.0T patent/DK0677234T3/da active
  • 1993-12-29 EP EP94911864A patent/EP0677234B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-12-29 ES ES94911864T patent/ES2110739T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-12-29 RU RU95114372/28A patent/RU95114372A/ru unknown
  • 1993-12-29 CA CA002152611A patent/CA2152611A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1993-12-29 BR BR9307798A patent/BR9307798A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1993-12-29 HU HU9501092A patent/HUT72948A/hu unknown
  • 1993-12-29 JP JP6514841A patent/JPH08504963A/ja active Pending
  • 1993-12-29 AT AT94911864T patent/ATE158463T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-12-29 WO PCT/EP1993/003716 patent/WO1994015439A2/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1993-12-29 AU AU64250/94A patent/AU6425094A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1993-12-29 CZ CZ19951698A patent/CZ288068B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-12-29 KR KR1019950702743A patent/KR960700619A/ko not_active Withdrawn
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• 1997
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