HUT72948A - Method of polarizing acoustic fields in particular with the aim of alhieving an extremely broad, non localized and spatial stereo effect recquiring little space - Google Patents

Abstract

A process is disclosed for producing polarized acoustic fields. The directionality thereby obtained in a very wide auditory range, even with a very small monolithic, purely passive system, results in a subjectively unusually broad spatial stereo effect. The ability of bodies (acoustic "conductors", including "insulators" or action reflectors for mirror sources) to create at least one spatial preferred direction for the wave progression by means of internal structuring, special geometries and surfaces is exploited to this end (polarization). Longitudinally structured bodies, especially clusters of capillary tubes, have this ability and favour one longitudinal component of the acoustic progression. The record-side acoustic 3-D space appears to be reproducible in phase using acoustic transducers according to the process to a large extent without electronic aids. However, active smoothing of frequency-response and phase-response advantageously compensate for certain system-related features. Electronic delay units simulate the behaviour of the enclosure of a system according to the invention and improve its characteristics.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for orienting or recording acoustic wave energy in mono-directional frequencies, with at least one acoustic transducer, wherein the wave energy is at least one body selectively directional and has three dipole moments in air relative to the wavelength at least one of the propagation directions (P) is weakened or suppressed or amplified relative to the other directions of propagation, wherein the direction of propagation is determined substantially parallel to the line connecting the ears of a student in accordance with the (P) bounce.

The acoustic transducer of the proposed apparatus for the monoural reproduction of acoustic wave energy is associated with a body (AC) extending in the direction of propagation of the sound waves (P) and has a smaller, perpendicular, gradient in the transverse direction of the body (AC). maximum.

The present invention also relates to a method for playing or recording an acoustic wave energy stereo stereo wavelength in a frequency range of at least two active acoustic transducers transmitting at least two of the acoustic waves transmitting at least two acoustic transducers acoustic transducer is polarized with a body (AC) substantially substantially longitudinally reflective, along a line of action defined by the two end surfaces of the sound waves, wherein the vector of the end faces is approximately parallel to the line of action and passes through an arc , and the sound waves are introduced into the body (AC) at low reflection levels.

The proposed apparatus for reproducing an acoustic wave energy stereophone has at least two acoustic transducers transmitting the essential frequencies required for orientation, and the sound waves generated by the acoustic transducers having substantially opposite movable body surfaces (AC) as waves passing substantially along a line of action. the radiating end surfaces delimiting the body (AC) form an acoustic dipole, while the recording apparatus having at least two acoustic transducers has two mutually movable body surfaces facing each other as waves passing through the acoustic transducer as substantially wavy lines along an impact line; where the body (AC / boundary radiating end surfaces form an acoustic dipole which, in particular, With reference to the straight line connecting your ears, it is positioned in line with your hearing, preferably parallel to it.

THE

Representative:

DENMARK U ΒΙΑ

Patent and Trademark Office Ltd. Budapest

Procedure for polarizing acoustic fields to produce ultra-small space, extremely wide, off-site and heavily winter freif stereo effects

KEHLER Waldemar, Wurmlingen, DE

International application number: PCT / EP93 / 03 716 International filing date: December 29, 1993 International Publication Number: WO 94/15439

International Publication Date ------ 1994. · 07. 07T

Priorities: 29.12.1992 (P 42 44 397) DE

1993.07. 14. (P 43 23 537) DE

I) Description of the procedure

The present invention relates to a method for polarizing acoustic wave fields. The excitation of a progressively advancing wavefront, such as a pulse, acts along lines defined in the longitudinal direction of the excitation system, ideally through the velocity vectors of orthogonal wave surfaces, so-called flat waves. Lateral poles and system-dependent runtime create one polarizing dipole per axis.

1. State of the art:

1.1 Auditory acoustics:

• · _ 9 _

THE.

a) On the recording side, in the case of non-stereo stereo, a dummy head representing any number of students is positioned appropriately in the concert hall, and the signal is usually transmitted to the listeners through headphones.

b) Headphones approx. They provide 180 °, ie left-right, almost axial acoustics, giving a very realistic stereo impression. In this case, the axis of the playback system is parallel to the axis of human hearing. However, one major disadvantage is that a headset can only serve one person per system.

1.2 Conventional speaker arrangements, stereo triangle, problems:

a) Moving from the field of hearing-adjusted acoustics to traditional speaker arrangements, the stereo triangle and the problems here, it can be stated that a loudspeaker, i.e. an acoustic transducer due to the so-called acoustic short circuit (front-side and back-side) it cannot broadcast effectively freely, so it is usually mounted either in a closed housing or in a relatively large wall. The loudspeaker transmits reactive forces (effect equal to counteract) to the wall. As a result, the wall will vibrate with it and reflect sound waves. Housing resonances, especially in the bass range, act as a signal amplifier, let's consider the bass reflex effect. This phenomenon is usually used to smooth the frequency converter of the converter. The quality and fidelity of the sound reproduction is influenced, among other things, by the reflected waves, the shape and the material of the house.

b) In general, in stereo sound reproduction, two speakers are arranged so as to form completely independent wavefields. As a result, the intensity of the waves emitted by each acoustic transducer, which is theoretically approachable to point, decreases with distance over a distance. Therefore, creating a stereo effect with speakers at the same time, even with the use of electronic aids, has been a serious problem: even a few centimeters off centerline significantly shifts the stereo image. Since multi-path systems with different run times are often used for this type of sound reproduction, there is no longer any phase identity.

c) Unlike the centerline, the stereo effect is greatly reduced as all runtime, • · · ·

-3 all intensities (in relation to distance squared) are falsified. Conventional stereo layouts are therefore only able to create a good stereo impression on the center line between the two speakers. For this purpose, preference is given to the equilateral triangle arrangement, where the intensity differences make virtual audio sources easily recognizable and locally identifiable. This tethering of the listener, however, is quite cumbersome, so monolithic systems are needed that are capable of producing a good, proper stereo impression no matter where the student is.

1.3 Known Monolithic Stereo Speaker Arrangements:

Although monolithic loudspeaker arrangements are known at present, they have significant reflected sound ratios through the side walls.

(a) Prior to the introduction of stereo systems on the market, it was known that radio speakers were placed on the side. By means of a corresponding three-dimensional circuit, for example, by reversing the polarity of one of the transducers, a spatial impression was obtained.

(b) in 1959, in S. Levi et al., Volume 31, Volume 9, pp. 1256-1259 of The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. In their article, Listener Reaction to Stereophonic Reproduction by Reflected Sound, students stated that, contrary to each other, monolithically built stereo systems incorporating side-to-side speakers are strongly spatial and overall better than the surround effect of individual voice boxes. In order to increase the effect, axial parallel panels, in particular side-wall reflections, which are strictly for sound, were used.

c) There are other types of monolithically built stereo systems, such as simple loudspeakers or a system known from US 4,837,826 or US 4,501,934, and a separate tube within the art, as well as other solutions in the literature. however, each of them works with a substantial amount of reflected sound (mounting walls, partitions, etc.).

2. Known elements of the solution:

• ·

2.1 Known Principles:

a) Corners and edges, as is known to the fields, represent singularities, i.e. significant disturbances. Any form of falsification of a radiated acoustic waveform can be observed in the known sound pattern, the harmonics. Sound waves travel in the air at a velocity of approximately c = 340 m / s, which may cause additional mass inertia problems for such particle waves in the corners and edges.

(b) The waves are made up of progressive waves, on the one hand, and regressed waves, on the other hand. Shares of the same intensity and amplitude produce a so-called standing wave. Multiple reflections along one and the same axis, as well as circular waves that circulate along one circumference, cause resonance. This is schematically observed in Fig. 2a. where P is the direction of travel of the wave.

c) The interference in the room on the recording side can be minimized by the extremely small size of the recording transducer.

- A point-shaped microphone capsule that has little influence on the wavefield and is small in size relative to the wavelength of the transmitted waves, a well-known and commercially available product. It can be said that this does not cause any significant distortion of the field view, no warping, and no bodily separation between the right and left channels, except for a relatively large house and some kind of separation element. However, according to sound engineers, microphones with small membrane diameters and spherical characteristics often have increasing directionality above 1 kHz.

The tube directional microphone is well known to those skilled in the art. This structure takes advantage of the fact that sound waves can be collected by means of a tube because the sound waves in the tube are straightened along its longitudinal axis. Accordingly, in cylinders, such as tubes, propagation of a wave occurs along its axis, i.e. along the linear coordinates of a cylindrical coordinate system.

d) In the playback page, we are in vain to find the ideal shape of a spotlight. Compared to the minimum wavelength, the sound pressure of a system that is only approximately point-in-point is known to be unsatisfactory. Acoustic experts assume that the waves are spherically driven from the signal source. Its own functions in the propagation space are wave equations in a spherical coordinate system, see la. Fig.

- For the sound waves, the speakers are extremely disturbing in space because they differ in size from the size of the transducer. For the same reason, their direction is much stronger. Houses, boxes, speakers, etc., are much larger than speakers. They prevent acoustic short circuits and lead to improved frequency response, but all walls are consistently reflective, such as bass reflex boxes, and interfere with traditional corners and edges, such as breaking the wave. The wave equations of the four square voice boxes are, of course, described in Cartesian coordinate system (eigenfunctions).

- Ideally, the signal stream passes from one (internal, such as Cartesian space) to the other (outer, such as a spherical) coordinate system, as far as possible without interference, i.e. reflection and deflection or poorness. However, a conventional voice box prevents this ideal case by its size, shape (corners, edges, sidewalls, back wall). It is therefore my intention with the invention to provide a less disturbed transition for the progressive sound wave stream in the field of playback and playback.

2.2 Solution Terms:

(a) The map of a pulse wave which is concentric to the spherical coordinate system shall be two spherical shells at two consecutive times. In each spherical shell, the tangent components cancel each other out, so only radial, radial components exist. However, an arbitrary cone segment, i.e. a funnel between two spherical shells, becomes a tube for very large rays and we have already reached the cylindrical coordinate system. In almost all cases, the end surfaces can be implemented as flat membranes without disturbing the space, which vibrate in the same sense with offset running time! Waves traveling along a cylindrical coordinate system thus form so-called plane traveling waves, see la., Lb. The spherical and cylindrical coordinates are shown in FIG.

• · ·

b) It can be seen that the transitions from one coordinate system to another coordinate system are infinite. If these occur ideally without reflection, then the system is closed with its own wave resistor in wave theory. Cylindrical coordinate systems no longer need point radiators: in tubes, acoustic radiators scatter approximately flat, that is, complementary, specially cylindrical self-functions. Flat-diaphragm acoustic radiators are particularly suitable for excitation of planar waves. Waves (tube echo, peripheral resonance) circulating around the periphery of the tube, for example, can be suppressed by a laminated structure along the periphery, particularly with damping (or even partially breathable) interlayer. In particular, longitudinal beam (rod) or tubular structures which are internally permeable, in various ways, prevent the formation of their own resonances - see Figures 1b, le and 2b-2c. Figures.

c) Each curve can be considered as an infinite series of positive and negative pulses superimposed on each other in time. Therefore, in principle, it is sufficient to examine the effect of a single pulse. When an energy pulse at the beginning of a (thin) tube causes a membrane to deflect, the wave travels both inside and outside the tube at an air velocity. The primary membrane collision pumps a progressive wave forward. A second membrane at the other end of the tube would, of course, be offset in the same direction. At the end of the run, the energy (wave) arriving at the other end of the tube continues to travel through space due to air movement (or displacement of the second membrane). In the direction of expansion, disturbances (reflections, deflections) are considered to be minimal. In the opposite direction, the audible parts are known to be very small. Such relationships can be realized, mutatis mutandis, for two independent components of a stereo signal, see Fig. 1a. FIG.

d) Each force-induced diaphragm deflection also causes a direct longitudinal reaction of the tube, that is, a (almost) delayed reaction of an opposing membrane at a comparatively high impulse or sound velocity in the solid.

(e) The conditions are more difficult to describe in the frequency domain. In these cases, there is a strong attenuation of group warm-up times and high frequency sub-ranges which impede impulse deceleration after a certain run time or length. However, these faults can be compensated by active circuits (especially frequency-loss compensation and runtime-compensation), which mimic system behavior similar to outdoor space.

f) The spatiality of an audio event has a particularly intense and lasting effect on the listener. The overwhelming spatiality of recordings recorded with interface microphones is well known. There must also be something similar on the playback side, for example, by positioning a directional progressive wave emitted by the cylindrical arrangement (i.e., tube) described above to produce a progressively progressive surface wave.

2.3 Result:

The facts listed above are utilized selectively and in combination with the invention for the reproduction of sound waves on the playback side in order to produce extremely spectacular stereo effects with minimal means.

a) If two tubes are fitted with electro-acoustic transducers, two independent signals will run through each tube. However, according to the principle of superposition, this is also true for a single excitation at two different points in the same tube! Even this simple arrangement, along with a surface (wall), especially in the case of a stereo signal emitted in the same sense (opposite pole means that one channel is polarized) and suppresses tube resonance (tube echo). As a result of better systems, sound engineers and sound engineers find it spectacularly spatially, highly fluid, incredibly crazy (very often!), Or the entire room is certified with music. Moreover, the effect can be seen in rooms adjacent to the room where conventional stereo systems are not known to produce any effect. See Figure 2a. Fig.

b) The outward behavior of the system corresponds to a (thick) oscillating rod (body) having oscillating end surfaces. Each frequency component can find its part between the system end surfaces and connect in phase to the outside. In addition, a solid body (especially a tube) may have the desired properties of round, oval or square cross-section. Other elongated rotationally symmetric shapes, such as the cone, ellipsoid, hyperboloid, also provide approximate solutions - see the ellipsoid in Figure 5.

-δ

ε) Initially (primary) elementary spherical progressive waves are transformed into a coordinate system (a self-function) that is predetermined by the structure of the house, including its openings. In a reflection-poor, elongated shape, with apertures formed at the end, the motion deforms the spherical shape in the longitudinal direction. The effect is noticeably audible even when relatively strong, coarse deviations from the ideal shape and not ideal structure, because our hearing is a very sensitive organ!

d) Secondary effects, especially reflections and resonances, are not very desirable but are permissible. Such disturbances are secondary disturbances and not the result of the process, since the principle outlined here is primarily to produce progressive waves (i.e., continuously moving waves). However, less ideal embodiments are still within the scope of the invention. The reflected energies and resonances cannot, at least in the location-dependent midrange and treble range, significantly interfere with, or destroy, the effect (especially the location-independent highly widened stereobase). Here, primarily, resonances that can be measured in the bass range are allowed and are otherwise not location dependent.

e) Covering the above shapes can mean different types of houses because the cover or positioning behind, above or below the bodies shows further improvements! It is important to have guided (approximately equal distance) basic structures in all cases! This includes simple pipe structures or, for example, a bundle of (thin) pipe (vecske) placed inside the pipe.

2.4 Terminology:

a) A parameter that is identical in all spatial directions is called a scalar and can be imagined as a concentric elementary sphere that has the same homogeneous properties everywhere. For example, crystals do not meet this condition!

- A parameter (structure, dimension) that exists in only one dimension is described by a vector.

- Three (orthogonal eigenvectors), that is, the parameters in each direction describe a tensor.

• ·

- If all the vectors of a tensor are the same, then this tensor is again reduced to scalar. A scalar concentric space, like this kind of wave, is purely spherical in both elemental and macroscopic dimensions.

b) In the known acoustic short circuit phenomenon, the pressure wave generated on the front side of a loudspeaker diaphragm is (largely) extinguished by a suction wave (i.e., a negative pressure wave) on the rear side of the diaphragm. This (for example, in the hearing field) leads to quasi-simultaneous quenching of the pressure exerted on the front side by the superposition of the pressure and the pull on the rear side. Each dipole gives zero effect everywhere without a sufficiently long line of action, which is prevented only by runtime. However, if they are created by partitions or disks, they will be falsified by reflections and deflections. In this case, the acute-angled edge of the wall forms a significant singularity. Since each arbitrary distance corresponding to a certain run time disrupts the acoustic short circuit, the partition can be formed, for example, as a funnel or pipe.

c) Polarization means: it is not elementally concentric, ie it is not spherical. Such a property of a directional material or wave, particularly along a section with end poles, is called polarized:

the preferred direction of a progressive plane wave is a directed finite line (vector). This may consist of a section (or sections) having end poles in the form of lockable interfaces defined by its runtime, such section of a real finite (cylindrical) system (at least at the beginning of the tube with a membrane).

- If the same conflicting sources collide (the path is zero, ie the poles are short), they result in zero. Only a finite line of action (a sufficiently large stretch of road) permits the existence of a dipole moment character.

The tube length L generates such a dipole moment as the polarization section of an acoustically polarizing dipole.

- Polarization as the main, clear directional property of a traveling wave is called primary polarization, as opposed to secondary acquired properties, such as secondary reflection of a wave.

- Like the electric dipole space, such fields are a right-left sign across the space.

- They have 10leg curves.

- By avoiding energy storage (capacity, resonance) we can suppress reflections, see Figure 2a. Figure P: vector P in length L.

d) If a tubular ring is selected, an emitted pulse, such as a pressure wave and a tensile wave, runs on both sides of the ring. If the tube is not completely closed, the impulse will extend into the outside air at the end of the tube. If the energy moves in the opposite sense (ie reactive) to the energy in the interior, then a wave runaway shifts off again to the other side of the membrane. This is the analogy of a polarized magnetic field that closes through the environment.

e) The impulse generated in a straight tube or straight tube (which is equal to a set of frequencies!), due to the wave run time, reaches the end of the tube (poles, sections) without acoustic short circuit. The wavefront forms surfaces (as a complement to the guide line) that are parallel to the inside of straight tubes

- planes (ie complementary).

f) Acoustically polarized is a sound wave progressive in a particular direction. Hearing-oriented, that is, hearing-polarized, is the direction of the wave that fits in or is easily adapted to the hearing. In particular, the vertical playback of a truly horizontal sound effect is non-auditory. This refers to the hearing-related usefulness of the system for the relevant frequencies. The use of the principle of bass reproduction in EP 02 63 748 in a vertical arrangement cannot reproduce the effect according to the invention.

g) Two such tubes with a converter (located at the end) form a stereo arrangement. Instead, if two transducers are driven in a single tube independently of one another, that is, with a stereo signal, the system creates a polarized progressive stereo field everywhere starting from each transducer. For example, with two side-mounted transducers, a (straight) tube can be positioned as a deflection and reflection in the direction of hearing, that is, hearing-adapted. The distance between the transducers determines the running time of the T signal and generates a certain dipole torque (see, for example, mechanical pairs such as hoists, dipoles in electrical engineering), see Fig. 2a. FIG.

• · · · · ·

h) Space becomes subjectively larger. Even simpler stereo applications can reproduce the indicated effect. The total system can then create multiple phase turns. The actual transducers, as spring-mass systems, cannot operate in a non-reactive manner and, by closing them, produce a damped, soft reflection by reacting them. The backward portion of the wave can travel multiple times between the poles of a dipole, acting as an echo portion of the original signal. In addition, non-resonance damped tubes create additional, mostly undesirable echo parts. The aural image of too simple embodiments is hardly acceptable due to the above shortcomings. This must be compensated either passively or actively.

3. The simplest monolithic pattern:

a) An acoustic parallel field of the invention is generated with an acoustically polarized stereo dipole. In the simplest case, an uninterrupted longitudinal connection is formed with a cylindrical body, such as a round metal or plastic tube, see Figure 2a. Fig. 4A is an acoustic conductor (AC). This coaxially arranges a converter pair (referred to as W1 and W2 in FIG. 2a). Companion waveforms are most simply parallel to the pumping surfaces parallel to the ends at the ends, preferably with membranes. excited by a poliplanar which acts as an electroacoustic transducer and acts on (or inside) the polarizer end surfaces, see Fig. 2a. W1, W2, AC.

b) It has been found advantageous to dampen tube resonances (tube echoes), for example, in the circumference, inside the element, e.g. Equivalent drive (opposite pole) provides spectacularly wide space. Particularly bipolar scans, including dorsal scans, seem to be really suitable for demonstrating the effect - see Figures 2b-2g. Figures: beams and down. Fig. 4A shows the shape of the rolled corrugated paper.

c) The polarization of one of the electroacoustic transducers (artificial equivalence) leads to constantly spectacular spatiality. This spatiality is no longer dependent on wall reflections! Due to recording technology that is completely incompatible with the playback method, the effect of traditional polarization is, first of all, to produce only slightly better stereo recording. · · ···································································

- It becomes perceptible with 12leks.

d) Initially, for the first sample, a pair of 10 cm diameter broadband (still conical) speakers was glued in a hard, approximately 1 m long, cotton wool dampened, 2 mm thick wall tube. Partitions were left out because the partitions cause reflection, pressure build-up and transverse components. The desired effect was already heard with this sample.

e) Thin-walled metal tubes with a length of about 33 cm were able to produce the desired effect with a strongly reduced bass reproduction. For this, for example, I rolled a 0.25 mm thick, hard rolled aluminum sheet and dampened the inside with only cotton wool. The smallest sample was only 33 cm long and 4.5 cm in diameter. Even in this case, the wide-band speakers, which have the same sense (opposite polarity) pumping at both ends of the tube, could provide a wide, extremely spatial stereo effect.

f) For larger diameters, the tube was wound in three overlapping sections, with an intermediate layer between the sections. The use of internal communication channels improved the effect. These internal connecting channels may be formed, for example, by bundles of round rods, strands, tubes of different lengths. Companion speaker membranes have further improved high frequency reproduction (phase).

g) I lay the layouts parallel to the wall, for example, behind a television set approximately in the center. The arrangements radiated sideways, where the side walls of the room only slightly reflected the waves. The use of lateral damping, such as needle felt or curtains, has had a remedial effect. Further improvements were made by placing the layout on a long shelf. Even outdoors, even without side reflections, lying on the ground and / or in front of a wall, the effect was perceptible.

4. The resulting sound effect:

a) So far, we have praised the spectacularly spacious and clear stereo effect distributed throughout the room. The system creates phase effects at the playground in a room that simulate the recognition of a very wide subjective location of virtual sound sources, that is, instruments, vocals. The axial preferred direction of the traveling waves is reinforced by the walls behind the halls and by the roofs of the halls or by equipment such as shelves, which is explained by the focusing effect of the system reflected on the walls. The amplification of the spatial effect through walls parallel to the system can also be explained by the formation of interfaces (see interface microphones), where the effect is further enhanced at the edges of circular rooms. On the top and bottom of cabinets, on floors and in front of back walls, even in very large halls, small systems very often have a powerful effect (up to 2x4 1 units, possibly with the same polarity). The effect is similar to the effect of a resonance body that amplifies and spreads the sound of a tuning fork vigorously.

(b) From a subjective point of view, it extends far beyond the dimensions of the arrangement in the extended axis of the system and exhibits a significant horizontal effect. The oscillation axis of the generated sound waves, aligned in the direction of the hearing, mimics a very wide, transparent stereo base in which the high tones are surprisingly almost complete. When the membranes are vibrated in the opposite sense (same polarization), the stereo base is reduced to the advantage of bass reproduction. However, in such a case, the effect is very well felt on many shots!

c) We were surprised to find that the high tones were much more audible for the whole room than for standard pre-broadcast systems. The initially unbalanced frequency response and the lack of bass were negatively affected. The test subjects, including sound engineers, were located at a distance of 1-4 m immediately before the concealed arrangements, and at an angle of up to 90 °. The system, with the same sense of polarization, was completely misidentified as the two false speakers in the corners of the room. In addition, the students moved in the hall, partly in the open-plan lounges, without feeling the effect disappeared. With comparative voice boxes, this effect has never been achieved!

5. For the three-dimensional theory:

5.1 The Gaussian integral theorem:

According to the known Gauss theorem, the computation of the surface integral of a vector space on a closed surface can be traced back to the calculation of the triple integral of a suitable three-variable function, where the integration has to be extended to the space mentioned above.

- Bordered by 14 enclosed surfaces. The difference between the energies entering and leaving the enclosed surface corresponds to the volume contained in the volume. This theory can be found, for example, in E. A. Guillenin: Matematische Methoden des Ingenieurs, R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Vienna, 1966, p. 237. It is also understandable to describe the instantaneous vortex components of a field law, which, for example, occur in acoustics in transducers such as microphones and loudspeaker membranes (see page 248 of the previous literature).

5.2 Theory of a Three-Dimensional Arrangement

A segment between two spherical shells defines a (conical) shape that is transmitted concentricly by a single point between two consecutive times. In the more distant space, this shape is transformed into the aforementioned cylinder. Multiple sources require multiple cylinders or a system of three orthogonal components, see Figure 1a. Figure 5a shows the coated segment area.

a) Part of wave theory, especially for compressible media, such as air, is very complex. Their energy flow consists essentially of vortex fields, such as time-varying rotational spaces (or frequencies) and non-vortex (translational) spaces. In contrast, the aforementioned Gaussian theorem remains formulaic: when directed (vectorial!) Of energy (field, wave, particle) into a closed volume, the difference between the (already) entered and (not yet) exited energy inside the closed surface between. Because these are basic energetic relationships, the theorems are universally valid for particle fields as well as for radiation and wavefields. All kinds of energy streams are directed through the sides of a volume (imaginary)! However, this flow of energy cannot be falsified by recording and playing, but must be reproduced without reflection! Absorbances and reflections outside the closed surface are only mirror sources and thus represent the acoustics of the recording space, see la. 4A shows only the radial components.

(b) Such a volume is theoretically entirely optional: a polygon (equilateral polygon), in particular a rectangle (cube), a theoretically breathable (polarized) sphere which cannot breathe concentricly. For each of the above elements, the cube ·· «·

- 15 is the simplest shape.

c) A 50 cm edge cube was selected (in the distance). It is not a disadvantage of the present invention to consider the propagating energy of the waves as particle currents flowing in a particular direction. Because playback must be as natural as possible to the recording, electro-acoustic transducers for recording and playing cannot be separated by bodies (walls, boxes) that modify the energy stream (sound stream).

5.3 The resulting theory for the admissions page:

With a passive membrane, which is replaced by (more) measuring microphones per side surface, we can measure the input and output acoustic energies on the recording side. Approximately one measuring microphone per surface is allowed for this purpose, as long as the volume geometry remains small relative to the distance of the (sound) sources from the microphone. The difference in the measured value between the two opposing membranes of the cube describes three vectors in three spatial dimensions which, overall, according to the Gauss theorem cited above, approximate the instantaneous sources in a closed surface. One-way pressure measurement in each direction is replaced by a two-way flow measurement, which shifts the inputs and outputs (differences, vectors) offset with runtime. This corresponds to three converting dipoles, see la., 2a. the natural run-time differences, T (L).

5.4 The Playback Page:

Ideally, in the play space, an identical, i.e., cube-shaped, volume membrane should reproduce the recording-side measurements. Each side surface of the aforementioned cube can be considered as a rectangular submembrane. Ideally, each surface of the surface is scanned so that the inverse effect of the membrane (annular space) here produces a phase-like vibration with the absorption space (theoretically this could be accomplished by oscillating coils per split membrane). However, a single conversion membrane per surface is approximately sufficient. Ideally, the vibration of the player cube in the near range acts as much as the recording cube. For each possible direction of hearing, optimized reproduction of run time and phase difference is required only with two opposing membranes of the transducer cube. Two converters per stereo channel would provide optimum dipoles. Even a single cross dip allows the reproducibility of horizontal (auditory) components,

5.5 Theoretical result:

If the player cube is placed exactly where it was before the recording in the recording space, the original phase correlations (differences) of the recording space at each point of the playback space should be much more reproducible than before. Because time must be positive, comparability applies only to one half-space, that is, to points that are in the direction of the original wave propagation. However, this is still space reserved for the audience.

(a) The volume of the recording and playback sides may, in theory, be of any shape, that is, of any polygon (especially square, cone, equilateral bodies) or even a non-concentric sphere. Even incomplete layouts and oblique vector systems are theoretically possible if the resulting run-time differences can be satisfactorily compensated for or are subjectively irrelevant.

b) The cube corresponds to three vectorially directed (polarizing, stereo) arrays. A stereo dipole of the present invention can fictitiously create a collinear play component in any play space with the recording space vector. Thus, in the near space, the energy flow of the recording space is approximately reproduced. A stereo dipole according to the present invention can cover at most one of these (dimension)! See Figure 2a. Fig. 6A is a stereo dipole.

c) From all directions, our hearing requires only one direction (stereo). Thus, polarized stereophony is merely a horizontal component of locally complete and perfect spatial information in a hearing-oriented manner. With only one active diaphragm (for example, a possibly flat, 20 cm square speaker), the input and output energies in the playback space can be reproduced approximately as they were previously measured on the recording side, microphone by side.

5.6 Component implementation, electronic and mechanical versions:

a) The two opposite faces of the cube are a single »« «« «

- They are considered polarized systems consisting of 17 (rectangular) tubes, and vice versa. Since the mode of operation of each of these polarizers, as defined by Gauss's theorem, is solely determined by its surface behavior, its internal structure only plays a role if the entire system exhibits the described behavior outward! Even solid bodies are capable of reproducing the behavior of this casing, predictably, for example when electrostatic transducers are mounted on end surfaces.

(b) By eliminating the transverse components of a wave in a spherical coordinate system (cone, cone, all the way to the cylindrical coordinate system), the cylindrical surface of a dipole must not leave transverse components. If the surface is hard, it should be poor in reflection inward. A given surface may consist entirely of damping materials as long as the longitudinal (tangential) sound wave is not destroyed. For this, the energy stream that is reproduced as accurately as possible through the system in each axis and in each direction is essential, as opposed to obstruction (total reflection, strong deflection, etc.) caused by conventional loudspeakers or walls of sound boxes. For this, let us look more closely at la. FIG. 2B, where only radial radial components are discovered.

c) According to the invention, ideal arrangements (along with polarization) on both the recording and playback sides should aim for analog geometry such that All Microphones and Speakers shifted the same phase membrane vibration over time depending on the run time of each stereo channel (depending on microphone distance). make it happen. Quite accurate phase correlations can improve the sound reproduction by having the same correlation between the recording and playback phases in the immediate environment of the stereo recorder or stereo playback system, see Fig. 1a, 2a, for the heating time function T (L).

d) Partitions inside the elements always act as a distraction. The partitions are known to prevent the acoustic ring fields of the invention from being formed by providing an impermeable barrier inside such that no audible effect occurs with conventional loudspeaker polarization (where the fields are opposed). If you are polarizing a speaker (ie creating fields with the same meaning) or inserting heating times (artificial or systemic), you will hear an audible reflection effect. In addition, the membranes have a ···························································································································································· · »·«

- 18 (reflected) stray waves can be electronically prevented from spreading.

e) At present, the existence of polarized acoustic fields does not appear to be known in the art. However, (electromagnetic) dipoles produce polarized (vibration) fields by definition. However, from a mathematical point of view, it is not justified to create a separate acoustic corrugation. However, in such a case, the known basic theorems of other physical dipoles (dipole rows, dipole columns, reflectors) could also be applied. The local (differential) sound pressure and the local (differential) particle velocity show a strong analogy with voltage (fields E, D) and current (Η, fields B) in electrical engineering.

f) The runtime relationships between the sound of each electro-acoustic transducer can be reproduced in known manner with runtime tags which (in this case, about 3 ms / m) cause a delay, for example by means of a Digital Sound Processor (DSP), with 16-bit shift registers after digital conversion, etc. The internal structure of the system is less important in this case!

6. Requirements, Electronic System Variations:

6.1 Electronic System Simulation:

(a) Simulating the behavior of an imaginary enclosure of the whole system (for example, electronically) must also be necessary to achieve the spatial effect. The run-time relationships between the electroacoustic transducers of the arrangement according to the invention are then calculated by dividing the distance L between two electroacoustic transducers of such a system by the sound speed c = 340 m / s. We add to each signal its own signal, that is, superimpose the signal of the opposite source (runtime modified), the high-frequency parts of which are even attenuated in the mechanical solution. The amounts (or some components) may additionally dampen as a Hall effect multiple times. A (almost equal) delayed particle resulting from a pure reactionary behavior (force equal to counter-force, action equal to reaction) can be (admittedly mimic and) admixed without any problems. Simple polarization of a component or speaker corresponds to a simple switching of a signal inverter, see below. 1 and 2, the cover and the tube.

b) With a variable (runtime) setting, we can calculate a (subjective) for each channel • • V «V V V V V

V «·· optimum. The symmetrical run times in this case correspond to the mechanical solution, but they can still be changed. As a result, I consider switching arrangements within the scope of my invention to mimic the behavior of the systems of the invention. If the phase (length) of a playback system has to correlate with the phase (length) of a recording system, then the record and playback correlation phases (run times, lengths, distances) should be sought, see p. The runtime switch is shown in FIG.

6.2 New standard frequency travel compensation and frequency measurement:

(a) The frequency response of electro-acoustic transducers shall be measured after installation (in standard loudspeakers, sound boxes, vehicles) in the radiating direction of the converter at a power of 1 W at a distance of 1 m. This measurement method is not applicable to the system of the invention! Because of lateral radiation, meaningful and measurable measurement can only be taken near the so-called stereo crankshaft (see 2 Jahre Kugelfláchen Mikrophon, conducted by J. Wuttke at the 17th Soundmaster's meeting in 1992 at Schoeps, Karlsruhe). In addition, the measurement must be system-specific, hearing-appropriate, that is, with two parallel-mounted transducers, such as an artificial head.

This new method of measurement also demonstrates the need to develop converter adapters for the proposed system that meet the requirements of the system of the invention for frequency and phase travel. Deficiencies and runtime delays in the frequency response of a mechanical acoustically polarized stereo (A.P.S.) system can be measured and can be actively compensated (electronically) in a known manner. By using microprocessors, even more subjective, meaningful modifications can be made.

6.3 Parallel phase radiation, high base width even with conventional polarity:

Flat-diaphragm electro-acoustic transducers are almost non-manufactured. Much more important than the poles of the house is ensuring phase fidelity. Conical membranes with increasing frequency cause runtime errors, up to signal suppression, which can be neglected at first only (in relation to the diameter of the electroacoustic transducer) for very long tubes. Thus, the membrane can be formed and positioned, for example, · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

-20 in a tube that approximately flat waves still occur. Accordingly, the electroacoustic transducers may also be located inside the structure, for example inside a tube. For example, high-phase electroacoustic transducers (Jordan JX50, D = 50mm) were glued to a flexible L = 35cm long roll of sound-permeable foam and lowered into a 40cm tube using spacers. Despite the low sound pressure, we have an excellent base width with the same speaker polarity! Asymmetry with respect to the axis was already allowed. See Figure 2f for this. 2g and 2g. Figure 1 with the tube jacket and down. 1 to 4, the tube being marked only dashed.

6.4 Complementary transverse waves superimposed on each other:

Subwoofers, commonly known as subwoofers, can add the missing bass to the sound in any known way. By conventionally actuating the acoustically polarized stereo system of the present invention, the mono parts pump the tube in the bass region quasi-pneumatically, resulting in improved bass reproduction. What's more, a small central aperture below the half-lower cut-off frequency (about 50 Hz) has further measurable bass reflex effects. The transverse wave is therefore selectively superimposed on the optimal system of a longitudinal wave. The casing of the new system pumps transversely and transversely. This corresponds to the expansion and contraction of the aforementioned housing cylinder. While locally relevant frequencies are transmitted longitudinally, for example, in the longitudinal direction (here through the lateral poles), beams of locally irrelevant bass components can be transmitted transversely in the transverse direction. Electrodynamic expansion and contraction, or quasi-pneumatic pumping of a (elastic) second sheath applied to the first (solid) tube can solve the problem. A second expandable cylinder is pulled onto a lower fixed cylinder which can pump arbitrarily transversely in the frequency rhythm. It's analog down. .

7. From recording to playback, 3D acoustics:

7.1 Recording Systems:

Of course, the admissions page is also suitable for the equivalent regularities (the · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

-21 only inverse regularities compared to the described speaker system) for polarized receiver-side reconstruction of a recording acoustic axis. Record-side transmission is subject to the following theoretical prerequisites:

(a) On the recording side, the long-known pressure gradient microphone, that is, the kidney microphone, is schematically largely consistent with the design principle of an acoustically polarizing recording arrangement. The microphone diaphragms in this case are very closely spaced, in accordance with the meaning of the gradient expression.

b) To obtain an arrangement according to the invention, the transmitted microphones of the microphone must then be transmitted in a channel-like manner without being summed in a single channel. According to a better playback correlation, with the currently very large electroacoustic transducer geometries, the gradient should become a noticeable difference (defined by runtime). This requires several inches of distance (for example, 15-100 cm) and an internal connection that is as smooth as possible but resonant (see the playback system described above). However, the electroacoustic transducer surfaces may have theoretically large membranes in the cylindrical coordinate system.

c) The acoustic energy stream (vector) that emanates from the sound sources on the recording side, theoretically for each (orthogonal) component, instead of traditionally measuring with a single-sided pressure sensor, ideally with at least two signal transducers (better: its diaphragm!) measure or create or flow. See Figure 2a. 3A, the recording arrangement and the dipole 1 are shown.

d) Thus, according to the present invention, the result obtained so far with only a single playback dipole can be further improved by a certain kind of crossover dipole (see Gauss's theorem already mentioned). Thus, the invention encompasses such recording systems, especially when they are designed for acoustically polarized playback systems, cf. 2A shows the cross: two polarizing stereo dipoles in the form of a cross.

7.2 Total correlation system from recording to playback:

a) According to the invention, ideally, in the recording space and in the playback space, we should strive for a single phase (membrane movement) of the wave between the electroacoustic transducers with respect to their respective transducers. This can be achieved particularly easily by placing the transducers at the same distance, for example, 70, 50 or 17 cm (which corresponds approximately to the hearing distance) in both recording and playback space. Existing differences in runtime can be compensated by correcting distance-dependent time constants (runtime members). Multiple systems (parallel and coaxial, passive and active, runtime offset) further enhance the effect. The runtime correction is analogous to ld. with a single T (L) member only at channel 2 point 2.

b) Polarized vibrations for each field axis can be transmitted to a polarized recording system. In this case, the playback systems can transmit a polarized image of each coordinate of the recording space. Ideally, the run-time and intensity conditions of the recording space (along each axis) can be reproduced. This is possible with the same distance between the recording and playback converters.

c) In the recording space, the acoustic stream measured by the input and output energies per component can be reproduced in the play space (which is provided with loudspeaker diaphragms) with as large a geometric or run time adaptation as possible. Theoretically, at least two dipoles are required at any given time for hearing-through reproduction, preferably with 4 to 4 transducers (i.e., a cross-dipole with its respective hearing-related components). Subjectively, a single stereo dipole is obviously sufficient on the recording side and the playback side, for example, a superposition modified, anti-parallel (i.e. 180 °) and monolithic cross dipole.

d) Knock-out audio boxes and speakers in the play space are known. The disadvantage of this solution is that the system itself contains run-time differences. The transducers are adapted to run longitudinally, preferably adapted longitudinally, with the result that the sound stream can be transmitted as a pump in the room. In this case, the recording space can be broadcast at runtime with exactly (multiple) recording dipole lines (rows, columns). Except for a time constant (delay) in the recording space, except for one time constant (delay), the playback systems of the recording space are able to reproduce the original sound space to an unusually high degree. See la. FIG.

· · ·

e) The purely subjective, high-precision electronic compensation of runtime and intensity errors is difficult, consider that laymen, even in simpler surround systems, have problems with proper runtime adjustment. It is anticipated that two (dipole) systems according to the invention will suffice for this purpose, as the replacement of four surround speakers. Layers have also misjudged the extremely spatial effect of a single stereo dipole of the invention as surround effect.

8. Limitations:

Partitioning or reflecting system walls and fractures obstruct or prevent the flow of energy.

- The generated reflected waves run inversely relative to the original wave and cancel its acoustic stream (if only partially)!

- The stationary components falsify the waveform, ie the acoustically polarized characteristic of the original primary.

On the contrary, waves that have already been inverted, in order to regain their characteristic properties at first by reflection and which should be (largely) first transmitted in this form, can be considered advantageous.

- Physics, according to paragraph 2.2a, ideally requires runtime adaptations that have the same meaning as membrane deflections. Artificial re-polarization is extremely powerful, but rarely (or only through its single component) correlates with the uptake side.

This means that extremely wide spatial effects (ring flow) are possible by manipulating the elements of the invention (specifically runtime), since it is only in the outer region of the system that the effect of the system casing decides this issue.

8.1. Conventional microphone shots with directional effect:

Known recording systems that have two opposingly directed microphones per stereo system often very slightly audibly polarize due to the very high sensitivity of hearing. However, this is definitely a secondary effect. Explicit, that is, without the primary polarizing measures of the waves (without creating primary waves, that is, low reflection and possibly deflection, line waves), as well as an auditory line and the above-mentioned • · ·

Without a record taken in accordance with the principle of -24, these are not within the scope of the invention.

a) Sound waves in a room create large, two-dimensional surface waves (ie, two-dimensional interface waves) on well-conducted surfaces (bodies) of sound. Such a three-dimensional-to-two-dimensional surface-wave surface wave is known to utilize the interface microphone, whose recordings appear to be extremely spatial. Polarization, however, first results only in an already planar-shaped spatial structure (e.g., bending a flat interface into a tube or bending it into a half-shell). In such a subspace, a wave is transformed into a (flat) wave that is linearly (one-dimensionally) progressively propagated. Elongated, special cylinder shapes can be created on both the recording and playback sides by such sections delimited by the poles at the ends, even at the interface.

b) The known pressure gradient microphone is the first real image for a microphone according to the invention. The schematic structure is theoretically optional. However, according to the invention, two (identical) membranes belong to a single own transport channel. In addition, the distance between the membranes at the ends must be chosen greater (e.g., hearing distance), and acoustic polarization along the section (line) thus created must be utilized.

- For a similar valid playback page, the pressure gradient speaker is included.

c) Partially polarized recordings can be made, for example, with the ORFT microphone, also known. In this solution, a tube connects the receiving capsules at the two ends. The capsules, which are far from this tube, are already out of direct tube direction and are approximately 110 ° relative to each other. Because their total distance is only approx. 17 cm, the effect on the much shorter intermediate tube is very slight. Furthermore, the inside of the tube does not contain any element according to the invention.

d) A spherical microphone (KFM) with two lateral (opposed) transducers incorporates one feature of the invention and its convincing spatiality indicates that it has the properties of the recording side of the invention. This spherical modification of the arrangement is just as less interesting than the artificial head, since the sphere acts concentricly and lacks any polarization in spatial axes (cylindrical or elliptical coordinates).

- On the playback side, however, due to the much larger electroacoustic converter, a spherical mid segment (or even more ellipse) could be selected.

- As with the spherical microphone (side converters), the frequency response must be optimized for the stereo crankshaft!

- The sphere microphone is also a modified interface microphone. The latter already utilizes a plane-modified, advanced running wave (here: orbiting the sphere), but without any linear transformation, that is, without polarization.

e) In the case of directional microphone recordings, tubes and flat or parabolic reflectors are used in the known direction to focus and join the sound waves. These elements are directed to one of several sound sources in order to separate it from other adjacent sound sources. In the case of the stereo dipole, we do not primarily use this directional effect, but mainly the non-selective (partly orthogonal) characteristic: the total effect without selection takes into account many sources, in particular the auditory-oriented directional characteristic is generally considered non-selective. Such a non-selective recording dipole according to the present invention (e.g., a tube or tube containing glued membranes, see Figure 2, preferably with reasonable attenuation) does not incidentally point toward a particular recording sound source (see patent claim). As with the above-mentioned spherical microphone, electro-acoustic transducers at most randomly point to a selected recording object among many.

8.2 Playback Page:

Each elementary quadrature pulse of a sound wave can be regarded as a pressure stroke created by an air pump which is open on its second side or closed by a second piston (diaphragm). Known loudspeaker arrangements that are not utilized do not employ any primary polarization within the meaning of the present invention (but are largely complementary, progressive, runtime-displaced flat waves, usually between the end poles). See la. Figure 1b shows radial oscillations around T1-T2.

• · · ·

Under ideal resonance suppression (especially in circumferential resonance), the system of the present invention produces only progressive waves. These waves do not contain significant regressive or stationary waves. The combination of elements according to the present invention more or less substantially reproduces the desired effect. The principle tolerates some secondary resonances without further ado, especially in the bass range.

- Partitions and reflection walls allow only part of the effect (as a secondary effect). Significant reflected portions and standing waves (resonances) here greatly destroys the primary polarization effect of a unidirectional wave (i.e., the clearest possible motion without regression, where progressive and regressive waves produce a standing wave at multiple resonances) . Similarly, mounting walls and other internal walls, in important, already significant dimensions, constitute an obstacle to the flow of energy, which in such cases must be confined to the external space. However, these errors can be largely compensated in an active way.

- However, the lack of reflection is also met by sound-absorbing interiors (also known as sound mounds in the industry). Although the internal coupling between converters is confused, the behavior of the system envelope is crucial. The envelope of the system can be modified by auxiliary measures, in particular by electronic means (selective amplification such as equalizer, electronic coupling, simulated runtime) to similar or identical behavior. See the section on this. As shown in FIG. 2, the run-time switch T (L) corrects for internal chamber separation.

Each active speaker membrane forms a passive element for the incoming wave of the other active transducer (stereo channel), approximately one aperture. With the ideal phase correlation between recording and playback, the cross-directional pressure built into the system will be minimal.

(a) Phase-fidelity already removes standard commercially available conical electro-acoustic transducers that have a poor pitch in the reproduction. Suitable angled membranes or partitions are even less suitable. Already the (two large wavelengths relative to the major wavelengths) plane, me · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ···· ·· ♦ · ····

The angled arrangement of -27rev membranes leads to the fact that certain frequencies are canceled out by opposing phase portions acting on the same rigid object. Even if it is accompanied by substantial reflections, no criterion of the invention can be satisfied any more.

b) Housing resonances are desirable in conventional systems as standing wave (resonance amplifier, bass reflex, frequency path smoothing). However, the system of the invention avoids such forgery as far as possible. However, in the arrangements of Figures 1 to 3, rigid mounting walls or partitions produce reflections and vibrations which appreciably interfere with a polarization effect created by superimposed waves or partially!

c) The flexible tube includes, for example, a partition with a hard sound reflection. Other tubing arrangements do not satisfy many of the prerequisites of the invention. However, as with a single tube, they create a ring space in their exterior behavior with the same sense or control (stereo) runtime of the system, resulting in an acceptable system with lower quality requirements.

d) Polarized (vectorial) components are still produced by tubes with known active or passive excitation. However, a wave that arrives at a minimum distance to a rigid inclined surface no longer matches the wave that arrives later (for example, at a maximum distance) and strongly falsifies them. Inclination on rigid membranes causes differences in running time on the same object, above and below, which become relevant at higher frequencies (quenching). In flexible thin membranes (see, for example, the Manger converter), this extinction is largely prevented by a wave passing across the membrane on the passive side, and this wave can hardly be falsified to the outside world. During such a flexible continuity (pliable skin), a sufficiently large amount of wavelengths remains polarized.

e) Similarly, the STEREOLITH described in 1.3 c) will cause reflections, which will be partially led to the bottom of the housing on inclined surfaces and reflected again there. Due to the relatively large surface slanting of low-reflection speakers, important parts are directly coupled between two speakers. However, for higher frequencies, significant phase errors occur, due in part to the varying runtime of the conical, rigid, and even oblique speakers used there.

8.3 Some shortcomings that can be tolerated, though corrected, are:

a) In theory, flexible membranes that replace rigid membranes solve or eliminate some of the phase problems. Comparatively, a companion field map cannot change authoritatively even in the case of lighter curves and fractures. Phase faults of rigid diaphragms in angular arrangement could therefore, in theory, be substantially compensated for by the invention, for example by a (curved) connecting tube placed inside the housing. Thus, for example, modifications of the state of the art according to the spirit of the invention could even result in the formation of axial components.

(b) The unpleasant singular circumferential resonance of a cylinder shall be suppressed as strongly as possible, where it corresponds in most cases to the same resonant frequency of the inserted (glued) transducers. In addition to resonance-reducing wall thickness, which is disadvantageous for the economy, variable pipe cross-sections also help. Permissible approximate shapes of the cylinder include ellipses and hyperboloids. However, cross-sectional changes produce transverse components in all known longitudinal flows. For all shapes other than cylinders, the pressure and suction generated for this reason in the cross-sectional direction (amplified) are forced disturbances.

c) The build-up of transverse components of internal pressure can be largely eliminated by an internal longitudinal structure (by tubes and tubes). Breathable longitudinally structured (even superimposed) bundles cause dilation of approximately spherical wave propagation. The concentric elemental wave is deformed in the longitudinal direction, for example, by the action of (longitudinally changing) inner tubes, corrugated paper (efficient cheapest solution), rolled up material and / or plastic foils. In this case, one direction of expansion is usually needed and the other directions of expansion are suppressed. A slightly air permeable laminated tube prevents pressure build-up and peripheral resonance, even in simpler solutions. The bundle of tubes of the same length can be deformed to varying degrees to produce different basic shapes. See Figure 3 for a laminated tube.

• «··» <

• ··· ··· ·

d) Controlling the system of the present invention in the same sense as the polarized loudspeakers, when subjected to many recordings, often leads to a very effective opening of space, often referred to as a ghost. Applying so-called one-point stereo recordings, where the recording and playback distances of both electroacoustic transducers are strongly correlated (48 cm), playback is still subjectively very wide, but it seems more natural to listeners.

e) Real stereo signals always have amplitude and phase differences. They are already created on the recording side by the asymmetry of a specific or intentionally created microphone (see, for example, ONE-POINT recording). Purely mono signals, when the system of the present invention is controlled in the same sense, in a completely attenuated space, the system is obliterated in the middle of the system. In play rooms this is corrected by asymmetries and wall reflections. With the help of a sound processor, mono parts can be selected in a known manner and can be combined as a center channel to be returned separately as with a surround system.

f) The system of the present invention is, according to the present state of the art, phase stereo. Where so far, more than two recording channels had to be combined (summed) into a particular mixing console stereo and reproduced in a conventional intensity stereo (i.e., amplitude stereo), this could cause a position recognition error.

8.4 Transverse One-Dimensional Polarized Sound Field:

a) From what has been said, it becomes clear that a one-dimensional transverse polarized sound field can be achieved by joining (layering) parallel planes with spacers instead of clamping tubular shapes. For example, if vertical parallel planes form a tubular shape, the horizontal components will be suppressed because the horizontal components extend orthogonally to these layers (i.e., in the direction parallel to the plane vectors of the layering). Instead of a one-dimensional (tubular) structure, two-dimensional (flat) structures (layers) are used. During this, only one transverse component of the wave will be suppressed. It is believed that (thus) polarized acoustic waveforms can be used in other ways. See lb for this. Figure 1, ie the interpretation of the tube or flat bundle.

b) Such a device is to be considered as being constructed according to the invention. If one

For example, the structure is applied in the longitudinal direction of a flexible foam tube, for example, the low frequency components act transversely mounted on the tube jacket, while in the longitudinal direction, higher frequencies are transmitted more strongly to the middle and high radiating membranes at the ends of the tube. In order to suppress the acoustic short circuit near the electro-acoustic transducers, the tubular sheath can be made stiffer than it is at the center.

c) Passive and active systems (either internal or external), in parallel with all primary arrangements (electroacoustic converter, polarizer), can enhance polarization by focusing and focusing. In general, all parallel elements (lengthwise or mirrored) seem to amplify the desired effect. To achieve this, it would be worthwhile to design parallel, high, mid and low beam systems, both internally and externally, and properly offset runtime.

9. Summary:

9.1 One-dimensional longitudinal structure:

In a single-sided open tube, a mono sound source produces a polarizing effect. The second opening of the tube may also be replaced by a passive diaphragm (which may be formed, for example, by a switched-off, i.e. non-connected, second speaker). First, stereo layouts make the effect understandable and perceptible!

- An actively controlled diaphragm (for example, a controlled pulse) produces the primary progressive, progressive sound wave.

- A runtime-delayed, passively reactive second membrane (or opening) prevents the build-up of air pressure.

During this, the tube focuses the hanton longitudinally, in the main direction, as we have already learned with tube directional microphones.

- The (damped) interior barely obstructs or obstructs the longitudinal components so that they arrive at the end of the tube at runtime.

- A wave running outside (ie along the pipe) is also shifted over time at the end of the pipe.

Unlike closed housings, the open tube has no reflective surface in the longitudinal direction.

Intelligent and good attenuation eliminates interfering resonances of the sound wave (especially the W · • · · 4 «« «« «« «« 4)

-31 circumferential and transverse resonances.

• runtime so ^this ring is approximately the same audio stream is generated in a body and around the body.

- Even small runtime differences have a spatially recognizable spatial effect.

A thin tube driven directly or by an electro-acoustic transducer moves reactively, i.e. at almost the same time, longitudinally.

- An opposing membrane can reactively perform an almost-motion-like motion.

- Ellipsoids or spherical centers encased in membranes can only be considered as approximate shapes.

- Just like voice boxes, finely sized tubular enclosures prevent direct acoustic short circuits.

- Cross-resonances are permissible in the location-irrelevant bass range (ie below about 100 Hz).

- A tubular shape does not have to be cylindrical. Electronic heating time simulations further improve the system.

9.2 Some important features:

(a) With sufficient suppression of existing (transverse) resonances, the following are in favor of tangential (ie, axial) wave propagation and thereby at least local, perceptible sound polarization:

- There is a significant tangential air movement along the (connecting) tube, especially at low frequencies.

- Lateral (axial) sound emits hardly perceptible positioning speakers in the same phase.

- Just like a receiving dipole, hearing towards the active acoustic dipole works optimally.

- External separating bodies (or placement behind bodies) can improve the effect. In such a case, the wave will circulate around these bodies.

- While placed outdoors on concrete or ground, the effect is clearly up- «« «« «« » «· ···· ·· ·» · «· *

-32 made it prominent.

- In the laminated cylindrical jacket, the longitudinal slits on each other do not ring even at high output.

- In other suitable construction, the housing (pipe) will not vibrate transversely.

For example, with a handle attached to a 2 mm thick stainless steel tube, we only detect a low (distant) sound. See Figure 3 for a laminated tube.

(b) The claims relate to the primary creation and use of polarized acoustic waves produced by vibrating bodies, far beyond specific embodiments. The signal transduction technique chosen (i.e., unpaired speakers, unpaired transducer pairs, currently not polarized recording technique) plays only a secondary role in this case.

9.3 Some versions:

Polarizers, polarizer shapes, acoustic conductors, power amplifiers, and electroacoustic transducers can only be modified in the following example list:

d) forming acoustically polarized dipoles, in particular a coaxial arrangement (for polarizing the acoustic conductor) of a pair of electrically acoustic transducers having a spaced-apart polarization;

(e) different effects on crankshafts (polarization axes), in particular geometric longitudinal axes;

f) bodies (sound guides, insulators) and their surfaces, the principal direction of which can be used for polarization;

(g) having circular, elliptical or polygonal, in particular rectangular, cross - sections;

(h) rotationally symmetrical acoustic guides, in particular simple tubes, but with (approximately) circular, elliptical, hyperbolic, doubly conical, or even other angular surfaces;

• ·

(i) having arbitrarily cylindrical, in particular circular, polygonal (e.g. rectangular) cross-sections, even partially tapering or expanding, that is, having variable cross-sectional properties without substantial reflection properties;

(j) preferably (runtime-adapted) phase-identical or even intermediate forms, up to the counter-phase excitation, particularly subjectively for extremely spatially expanded stereo-based stereo playback and recording;

(k) unidirectional systems, in particular multiple quasi-parallel (and counter-parallel) or line-focused systems and / or time-varying control systems. Including

- active systems (polarization in the room is amplified by multiple polarized systems along the line, with one or more acoustic transducers per polarizer possibly assigned off-runtime),

passive bodies, filaments or laminated bodies for amplifying longitudinal waves (i.e., suppressing transverse waves);

- by dividing polarizers or acoustic conductors, in particular one conductor (housing, tube) per acoustic transducer, in opposite arrangement (especially in a parallel arrangement) such that by polarizing, superimposing, each wave is superimposed or summed;

- parallel or coaxially runtime-displaced transducers or complete systems which act as a new system;

(l) polarization amplifiers which are effective in a particular direction (corresponding to transverse suppressive members), in particular:

- directional polarizers made of physical bodies, surfaces or focused tube structures;

- active and passive polarizers or resonators lying in, or parallel to, the excitation axis,

(m) generating and exploiting acoustic longitudinal waves and polarized surface waves along a polarization line of a body. On the play side, it may also be a direct (electromagnetic) vibration excitation (e.g., a membrane excitation) on an electrically or magnetically conductive body, particularly a metallic tube or tube, thereby generating acoustically polarized vibrations;

- Focused surfaces, away from each other (transverse polarization in parallel planes;

(n) By curving or breaking (only by way of) the major directions or axes of arrangement, in particular orthogonally to the natural sources of the listeners (or admissions page), to produce the best possible spatial impression without direct sounding exit or start from this source (ie, approximately orthogonal to the listener or source, i.e., the axis is approximately equal to the direction of the ears);

(o) for producing two-dimensional or three-dimensional effects by arranging polarized systems with multiple spatial axes;

p) playback and recording with side-aligned geometry and / or phases for all membranes and systems;

q) systems driven by auxiliary frequencies (in particular high frequency carrier frequency or resonance) and by modulation of any high frequency (even flat acoustic) wave frequency;

(r) by replacing an active dipole membrane with a passive dipole membrane, in particular a passive dipole membrane suitable for run-time mono playback, whereby two mono sound sources also have spatial effects. You can do this by turning off one of the speakers. Like an orifice, the passive membrane prevents the build-up of air pressure in the housing by vibrations of the housing, making it significantly different from, for example, solid closures such as partitions or loudspeakers;

(s) an acoustically different acoustic excitation of a polarizing body, in particular an electrostatic or bipolar excitation of a magnet, in which case it is separated from each other; ·· · · · · · · · ·

-35 instead of loudspeaker diaphragms, systems can be excited axially by vibration (two) directly on a body or its end surfaces;

(t) a structure or surface (sheath) which is acting in any direction and which is appreciably amplified and which is primarily polarized for playback or recording by the structure or shells of a body;

u) the same type of recording technique seems to be expedient. In particular, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional system (with orthogonal polarizers) is capable of transmitting three-dimensional effects. In this case, system rows (phase aligned runtime) and system columns also seem appropriate;

(v) Additional placement of external bulkheads (dampers, bulkheads, bulkheads) is permitted. This attenuates acoustic short circuits in the near range of the layout and amplifies the acoustic flow in the far field or on another partition, between the students and the layout. The two dipole systems of the present invention can replace the four speakers of known surround systems.

9.4 Additional notes:

a) The whole system forms an active, acoustically polarized stereo dipole. In fact, it is an axial radiator that vibrates just like other (for example, electric) dipoles and can have two acoustic transducers (loudspeakers, sound sources) at its poles (ends). In the intermediate space interconnected by a (damped) tube, equipotential planes (approximately) parallel (polarized) are formed in the interconnection axis of this acoustic conductor: waves (longitudinal waves, pulse-like) progressively traveling along the surface (or sheath). This polarized acoustic dipole cannot be confused with previously known dipole speakers (dipole speakers).

b) The high frequencies on the playback side are predominantly flat waves instead of concentric waves (see, for example, EP 0 50 0294-A2).

Column 2 Columns 11-14 lines). However, this otherwise undesirable, overly directional structure can be used for hearing frequencies (horizontal) that are essential for determining the location of each sound source. Such horizontally polarized (ie approximately auditory) fields should ideally approach the headphone characteristic (180 °), since the wavefields reach the ears that follow the field line from the left to the right, rather than from the traditional living I could act. So, their vibration direction is parallel to the axis of hearing!

c) Each of the line-like modifications produces a polarization whose use was precisely the object of the invention. And in a known way (see optics, antennas), polarization attenuates just the (interfering) components of a vibration. This feature could be used mainly in public address systems.

d) The energy gradient of a (acoustic) source is always a directed value (vector). The change in this value over time, the primarily continuous wave, is considered to be a negatively directed component relative to an incoming wave (pressure). Ideally, this results in a single-phase system control per run time. Therefore, the recording systems should pick up all components at a specified distance, even polarized if necessary.

e) A polarized stereo signal can be generated with at least two polarized monoural sources. The superposition of two, ideally parallel, detached, polarized monouronic sound sources results in an additional, hearing-oriented, polarized stereo dipole. Both can be integrated in one housing and then attached. Because an active source generates passive membrane vibration (as in an opening) on a speaker membrane opposite to it, the active signal of this second speaker can be implanted on the first vibration.

f) More than two arbitrarily distributed sources, such as the three components of their gradients, can be imagined transversely to an orthogonal axis, so that they create a three-dimensional vector in the direction of intensity change and run-time difference. This completes the spatial information, but has not been used anywhere!

10. From the original idea to the invention:

a) The original idea was that each rod of a given length has (at least) one resonance frequency. The main resonance occurs at the rod length that is appropriate

-37a for half the wavelength. Rods of various lengths, from very short to very long, must cover the entire audible spectrum and be excited in the longitudinal direction. With the aid of a speaker or pair of loudspeakers placed at the poles of a tube filled with such bars, the bars may be vibrated. Instead of rods, glass fibers of various lengths can be used.

b) On this occasion, I have found that the effect thus found can be effective without the above measures, that is, as described above. Obviously, the majority of air-permeable intermediate spaces promote and enhance the effect. By polarizing a loudspeaker, you can hear it regularly without much effort. Therefore, after this recognition, a variety of tube bundles of various lengths were used, although it was not clear at the outset whether the air columns of the various long tubes were vibrating and producing the effect. It was wonderful to see that even simple (damped) tubes that were operated with opposite polarity had a significant, well-recognizable effect, though the sound picture was not satisfactory due to the in-system transducers. With the modifications described, these shortcomings have been largely eliminated step by step. Thus, the invention is capable of artificially reproducing the conditions prevailing in the distal space of a sphere with substantial subjective gain. See la. Fig. 1b illustrates the remote space. FIG.

c) It will still be investigated what part of the reactive forces (with action = reaction) they have, which are axial (longitudinal) and act almost completely without time delay. Because of the extremely high velocity of sound in matter, any acoustic conductor could behave similarly to the Herz dipole, known primarily in high-frequency technology, relative to the resulting (very long) wavelength in matter. Each external source can be assigned a virtual mirror source inside the body (or vice versa).

11. Summary (attached to the description):

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for creating polarized acoustic fields: directional effects, even with a very small monolithic system, can produce an unusually wide stereo effect over a very wide range of hearing.

-38A ability of bodies (acoustic conductors, including insulators or reflectors) to provide at least one spatially oriented direction (internal structure, geometry, surface, resonance) (polarization). The acoustic three-dimensional space on the recording side can be reproduced phase by phase with electroacoustic transducers, which are adapted to the process without any electronic aids. However, the latter, as run time members or active frequency and phase smoothing members, advantageously compensate for system-dependent features.

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-39 Patent claims

Claims (29)

A method for reproducing acoustic wave energy with directional frequency ranges having at least one acoustic transducer, characterized in that at least one of the other three directional directions of extension of the wave energy with at least one of the other three directional directions in the air for dipole moment in the air weakened or suppressed or amplified relative to the direction of expansion, wherein the direction of extension is determined in a manner substantially parallel to the line connecting the ears of a student in accordance with the hearing. 2. A method of reproducing acoustic wave energy for orienting at frequency ranges of interest, characterized by generating at least two active acoustic transducers transmitting the essential frequencies necessary for orientation, coupled directly by the acoustic transducer at two end surfaces of the body, polarizing the body with a low-reflection body, whereby the vector of the end surfaces is approximately parallel to the line of action and produces a dipole moment, or acoustic dipole, through the distance between the end surfaces of the body, and outputting sound waves from the body. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the acoustic transducer is connected to a body (AC) extending in the direction of propagation of the sound waves (P) and smaller for the sound waves in the direction perpendicular to the body (AC). means resistance with maximum transverse gradient. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 2, characterized in that it has at least two acoustic transducers for transmitting the essential frequencies required for orientation, and two lightly moving end surfaces facing each other as waves passing through the acoustic transducers essentially along an effect line. It has a body where the radiating end surfaces bounding the body form an acoustic dipole. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that it consists of at least two devices arranged in a substantially common direction, preferably directly adjacent to one another, in a common housing V · · · ·. 6. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the end surfaces of the body are constituted by acoustic transducer membranes which vibrate in the same sense or in the opposite sense. 7. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a damping gradient which extends orthogonally to the line of action is provided in the body (AC), which suppresses resonance to a satisfactory degree of sound waves. 8. Referring to FIGS. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the body (AC) is formed by a downwardly extending tube or a bundle of multiple tubes, or a longitudinally laminated and optionally interconnected rod or filament of bundles extending in the direction of extension of the body. 9. In Figures 3-8. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the body (AC) consists of a plane or coiled layer extending relatively parallel to one another in relation to the wavelength. 10. Referring to FIGS. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the acoustic converter loudspeaker (W1, W2). 11. A 3-10. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the body (AC) is low reflection in the direction of deflection so that the flow of acoustic wave energy substantially progresses in the direction of deflection and the regressive components of the wave energy are suppressed. 12. A 3-11. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each acoustic transducer preferably has a flat membrane whose surface vector lies particularly directly on the line of action. 13. A 3-12. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the body (AC) is a cylindrical tube made of metal or plastic, at the ends of which loudspeakers are inserted, preferably glued. • ·· · 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the tube has a length of 0.15 to 1.0 m, a diameter of 4.5 to 10 cm, and a wall thickness of 0.25 to 2.0 mm, and the speakers. broadband speakers. Apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the tube is made of metal, preferably hard rolled and rolled aluminum. 16. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tube is arranged on parallelepiped wall panels serving as reflectors. Apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that it has an approx. For a 1 m long pipe, the wall panels are approx. They are 2.5 m long and their axis is rotated at an angle of 0-70 °. 18. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tube is arranged in a focal axis of conical sections, preferably hyperbolic surfaces. 19. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is composed of a plurality of devices having parallel dipoles. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that a plurality of bodies with acoustic transducers are arranged in such a way that their axes extend parallel, in particular coaxial and / or interconnected, wherein in particular the acoustic transducers have a runtime-identical or ramp-off signal. driven. 21. A 3-18. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is composed of a plurality of devices having dipole axes extending along a plurality of orthogonal spatial axes. 22. A 16-21. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the case of a plurality of acoustic transducers, the acoustic playback area is divided into a plurality of frequency ranges, wherein each frequency range of the playback area has at least one acoustic transducer and forms an acoustic dipole for at least one frequency range. 23. The method of claim 2, wherein the acoustic transducer is of the nature-42- «·· * ·· By utilizing MM or artificial runtime times, it is controlled for stereo playback and the sound wave vibrations generated by the acoustic transducer are, in whole or in part, delayed over time by the vibrations of the other acoustic transducer. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein in at least two acoustic transducer systems assigned to one channel, portions of the signals of the other channel are temporarily offset to electronically simulate natural channel runtime or frequency conditions. Method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the frequency and / or phase travel is preferably linearized by active electronic compensation circuits. 26. The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein the phase is preferably varied by variable run times for subjective optimization. 27. A method for picking up acoustic wave energy for orientation with frequency ranges relevant to at least one acoustic transducer, characterized in that at least one of the other three direction of magnitude directions of the wavelength of at least one of the other three directional directions in the air weakened or suppressed or amplified relative to the direction of expansion, wherein the direction of extension is determined in a manner substantially parallel to the line connecting the ears of a student. 28. A method for stereo recording of acoustic wave energy, characterized in that a sound wave is recorded by at least two acoustic transducers, the recorded sound wave is substantially reflexed along the line of action of the sound waves directly bounded by the two surface areas of the body, a vector of end surfaces is created by a passive acoustic dipole approximately parallel to the line of action and spaced between the end surfaces of the body, and the sound waves are introduced into the end surfaces of the body at low reflection. 29. Apparatus for implementing the method of claim 28, characterized in that it has at least two acoustic transducers, and the sound waves generated in the acoustic transducer are essentially two waves running along a line of action.