WO1994006675A1 - Method of manufacturing a boat hull, and boat hull thus obtained - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a boat hull, and boat hull thus obtained Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994006675A1
WO1994006675A1 PCT/FR1993/000896 FR9300896W WO9406675A1 WO 1994006675 A1 WO1994006675 A1 WO 1994006675A1 FR 9300896 W FR9300896 W FR 9300896W WO 9406675 A1 WO9406675 A1 WO 9406675A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elements
hull
shell
boat
flat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1993/000896
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérard RONZATTI
Original Assignee
Etinter
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Etinter filed Critical Etinter
Publication of WO1994006675A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994006675A1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14Hull parts
    • B63B3/16Shells
    • B63B3/18Shells characterised by being formed predominantly of parts that may be developed into plane surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a hull of a boat and a boat hull thus obtained.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a method which facilitates the design of the shell and makes it feasible at a relatively low cost.
  • a basic shell shape consisting of a predetermined number of planar exterior wall elements and a shell is produced having desired properties for a specific use case, by varying the dimensions and shapes of planar wall elements.
  • the base shell is of the flat bottom type and comprises, as wall elements, an element forming the flat bottom, four oblique bottom elements comprising two front elements and two rear elements, two elements parallel side planking, two front plating elements and two rear plating elements.
  • the shape of the basic shell is defined using a computer program, comprising a reduced number of variable parameters as a function of the small number of elements.
  • LAC_ ⁇ -v. ⁇ T plans and ensures the search for the hull shape of a boat 'to be carried out by modifications of at least some of these variables.
  • planar wall elements are cut, after having determined their shapes and dimensions by modulating the elements of the base shell, in flat sheet metal panels, fixed on these planar elements, in the flat state, frame elements by advantageously automatic welding and constructed the shell by assembling the parts bottom and sides thus prefabricated.
  • a boat hull according to the invention obtained by the implementation of the method as defined above, having a stiffening structure of the hull with members in particular transverse, fixed on the internal faces of the wall elements, is characterized in that these wall elements are planar elements and that the members fixed on the internal face of each wall element have been fixed on this element by advantageously automatic welding before the assembly of the various wall elements.
  • the present invention aims to provide a method of manufacturing a hull of a boat, which does not have the aforementioned drawback of the prior art.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the shell is produced by assembling flat sheet metal elements which constitute the bottom walls and sides of the shell, these elements are fixed plan, flat, of the frame elements by advantageously automatic welding and builds the hull by assembling the bottom and side pieces thus prefabricated.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a known method for manufacturing a hull of a boat.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation, similar to Figure 1, of the method of making a boat hull according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a top view, partially exploded, of a boat hull according to the invention, the deck having been removed.
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the boat hull according to FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a bottom perspective view of an improved boat hull similar to that of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is an elevation view of the boat hull according to FIG. 4.
  • Figures 7a, b to 9a, b are schematic views of different shell shapes according to the state of the art (in a) and the invention (in b), to demonstrate the advantages of the invention.
  • Figures 10a, b and 11a, b are views demonstrating advantages of the invention (in b) compared to the state of the art (in a).
  • FIG. 12 is a cutaway view along the line XII-XII of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 13 shows in â the shape of a basic shell and in h to d three shapes of hulls obtained by modulation of this shape and intended for different uses.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hull of a boat of traditional shape, produced according to a specific process of the prior art.
  • This figure shows in 1 the curved members which are fixed on the deck 2, which is the only plane element of the boat, and the sheet metal parts 3 which make up the sides of the boat and are assembled on the curved members.
  • This assembly which is done by welding requires the application of continuous weld beads over the entire length of each of the members 1 the lon ⁇ misaligned contact of sheet metal parts with these members. Welding must be done by hand. Given the. large number of members and the considerable length of the weld beads, it is easy to understand that the process shown in FIG. 1, from the state of the art, is extremely expensive in terms of labor and makes the manufacture of boats very expensive.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the principle of the method for constructing a boat hull according to the present invention.
  • This shell has a particular shape obtained by assembling pieces of flat sheet metal.
  • member elements 6 are fixed flat on the sheet metal part 5. Since the fixing is done flat on the part 5, it can be carried out by industrial automatic welding.
  • the only weld beads to be made by hand relate to the assembly of the prefabricated shell wall parts along the lines indicated in bold lines and marked with the reference 7.
  • the arrows indicate the mounting of part 5 for the constitution of the shell where it is indicated by the reference 5 '.
  • Figures 3 to 6 show the embodiment of the shape of a boat hull obtained by applying the method according to the invention, illustrated schematically in Figure 2.
  • Figure 3 first shows a flat part 10 intended to constitute the wall bottom of the hull.
  • the references 1 1 and 12 indicate transverse member elements and longitudinal stiffening elements which are welded flat, automatically, on the bottom part 10.
  • FIG. 3 also shows eight pieces of flat sheet metal intended to constitute elements of the side wall of the hull.
  • the transverse member elements 23 and longitudinal stiffener elements 24 always by industrial automatic welding. After the prefabrication of various side wall elements, these are assembled on the bottom piece 10 and between them, in the manner symbolized by arrowed lines.
  • the upper part of Figure 3 shows these different wall elements after assembly.
  • FIG. 7a shows a boat hull of the type of most river touring boats designed on the model of a barge.
  • Their hull is a parallelepiped whose front end consists of hubcaps which meet to give the front of the boat its hydrodynamic shape.
  • FIG. 7b shows the shape of the hull with a considerably improved prismatic coefficient which can be achieved by applying the method according to the invention, at a price comparable to that of the boat according to FIG. 7a.
  • This improved prismatic coefficient of the hull according to the invention consequently results in fuel economy and an improvement in the speed of the boat.
  • FIG. 8a shows a boat of which the part 25 submerged in water is very large and extends over practically the entire length of the boat.
  • This part 25 characterizes the hulls of classic boats.
  • FIG. 8b shows a shape of a comparable boat hull but produced according to the present invention. Therefore the shell can have a complex shape which is distinguished by the small surface of the submerged part 26. The latter is considerably shorter than the part 25 of the traditional shell of FIG. 8a and is limited on the central part of the shell. This small area 26 gives the boat increased maneuverability, in particular allowing it to rotate 180 ° at high speeds.
  • Figures 9a and b illustrate the aesthetic improvements that the inventio allows to bring to the shape of the shell.
  • Figure 9b shows a very streamlined hull shape that can be used on "yacht" type boats. The construction cost of such yachts is significantly reduced compared to the cost of a yacht built around a traditional hull, remaining similar to that of a barge according to FIG. 9a.
  • FIG. 10a and 10b illustrate another advantage of the invention, which resides in the economy of raw materials.
  • FIG. 10a shows framework elements, that is to say members typical of traditional boat hulls. These elements are characterized by their curved shape.
  • Figure 10b shows frame elements used in the context of the present invention. These are elements whose edges are straight. In the figures, falling raw materials are indicated by hatched portions. It can be seen that the losses are considerably lower in the case of the invention according to FIG. 10b.
  • Figure l ia shows a part of a frame 30 provided with a sole 31
  • the sole is attached by welding.
  • the same reinforcing effect of a frame can be obtained in the case of the invention by simple folding carried out with an industrial folder along a longitudinal line 32 of a section of sections 34 of rectilinear shape and with parallel edges.
  • FIG. 5 represents a boat hull whose shape corresponds to that illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 6. It can be seen that U-shaped profiles are fixed to the flat outer faces of the bottom wall 3 of the sides of the hull flanks having the general reference 37 and of other surfaces immersed in water generally designated by the number 3 These U-shaped profiles extend in the direction longitudinal of the boat and fixed by welding on their load-bearing side.
  • the profiles 35 are advantageously made of steel and have a width of a few centimeters. They can perform a certain number of functions.
  • the U-shaped sections 36 sometimes allow the removal of a certain number of devices currently necessary on a traditional boat which they are without any inconvenience, sometimes constitute real improvements pa compared to conventional devices when they fulfill their functions. It is thus noted that these U-shaped profiles can fulfill the function of means of protection against mooring shocks or resulting from collision with floating objects, functions which in the case of boats of traditional structure are accomplished by additional specific means reported on l external face of the hull, but only locally.
  • the U-shaped elements due to their longitudinal arrangement on the external face limit boat drift and thus make it possible to eliminate specific anti-drift devices such as traditional keels or fins.
  • the external profiles 35 can constitute conductive elements of a cooling agent and be incorporated into the internal cooling devices of the boat.
  • the U-shaped profiles when welded to the external face of the shell form therewith channels which are connected to internal elements of the cooling circuit, by the bridging conductors which pass through the shell. . Cooling circuits are then obtained which can serve as many installations as necessary in the boat without the layout constraints that conventional systems present.
  • the shell can be considered over its entire surface as a heat exchanger.
  • the U-shaped profiles 36 can be fixed to these wall elements by welding, which can be carried out automatically and industrially. Consequently, the considerable advantages resulting from the presence of these U-shaped elements require only low additional expenditure much lower than the costs necessary for the installation and installation of the devices they replace or improve.
  • the process for manufacturing boat hulls according to the invention has numerous advantages. Indeed, it allows a less expensive manufacture of hulls whose shape can be established according to technical, utility and aesthetic considerations depending on the use of the boat.
  • the manufacture of the hulls from planar, prefabricated elements also allows a representation by model of the hull, which is practically not possible with curved hull shapes of the state of the art.
  • a shell having the general shape shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and drawn in a simpler manner in FIG. 12a can be used as a basic shell shape from which shell shapes suitable for different uses can be developed, as shown in Figures 12b to 12d.
  • the invention makes it possible to design forms of boat hull from a basic hull form with variable and modular geometry pa variation only of a small number of technical parameters.
  • This basic form can be defined by a computer program comprising only a small number of variables. It is by playing on these variables that an optimization of the relationship between performance objectives such as maneuverability, hydrodynamics, usable internal space and the cost of the boat can be obtained, and the small number of parameters to be varied in order to obtain the desired hull makes it possible to accelerate the development of a hull using from a computer.
  • the invention provides a computer-aided design process for the design of hull shapes for boats, and the hulls thus designed to be produced at relatively low cost, also thanks to the production of the hull from planar wall elements.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Abstract

A method of manufacturing a flat-bottomed boat hull is described. A basic hull shape is prepared from a predetermined number of flat external wall elements (10, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21) and a hull is produced with the desired properties for a specific application by varying the size and shape of the flat wall elements. Application in boat building.

Description

fabrication d ' une coque de bateau et batea u ainsi obtenue " . manufacture of a boat hull and boat thus obtained ".
L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une coque d'un bateau et une coque de bateau ainsi obtenue.The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a hull of a boat and a boat hull thus obtained.
Jusqu'à présent les constructeurs des coques de bateau s'efforcent à établir dans un premier temps la forme de la coque, en fonction des conditions d'utilisation, pour qu'elle soit optimale du point de vue hydrodynamique, dans le but de minimiser les frais de fonctionnement du bateau, tel que par exemple sa consommation en énergie nécessaire pour sa propulsion. Cette recherche de la forme hydrodynamique, la plus performante, aboutit à des formes de coques se caractérisant par des parois externes incurvées.Until now, the manufacturers of boat hulls have endeavored to establish the shape of the hull first, according to the conditions of use, so that it is optimal from the hydrodynamic point of view, with the aim of minimizing the operating costs of the boat, such as for example its energy consumption necessary for its propulsion. This search for the hydrodynamic form, the most efficient, leads to hull forms characterized by curved external walls.
Or, la construction de telles coques, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit de coques de grandes dimensions pourvues d'une structure de raidissement à membrures transversales et longitudinales est très onéreuse. Ainsi l'économie réalisable pendant l'utilisation du bateau a, comme contre-partie, des frais de fabrication considérables. D'autre part, déjà la conception de la coque est très difficile et est ainsi d'un coût élevé. En effet, en raison du très grand nombre de paramètres variables qu'il faut prendre en considération pour la conception de la coque, la recherche de la forme optimale est très complexe et longue.However, the construction of such hulls, especially when it is large hulls provided with a stiffening structure with transverse and longitudinal members is very expensive. Thus the economy achievable during the use of the boat has, as a counterpart, considerable manufacturing costs. On the other hand, already the design of the hull is very difficult and is therefore of high cost. Indeed, due to the very large number of variable parameters that must be taken into account for the design of the shell, the search for the optimal shape is very complex and time-consuming.
La présente invention a pour but de proposer un procédé qui facilite la conception de la coque et rend celle-ci réalisable à un coût relativement faible.The object of the present invention is to propose a method which facilitates the design of the shell and makes it feasible at a relatively low cost.
Pour atteindre ce but, on établit une forme de coque de base, se composant d'un nombre prédéterminé d'éléments de paroi extérieur plans et réalise une coque ayant des propriétés souhaitées pour un cas d'utilisation spécifique, par variation des dimensions et des formes des éléments de paroi plans.To achieve this goal, a basic shell shape is established, consisting of a predetermined number of planar exterior wall elements and a shell is produced having desired properties for a specific use case, by varying the dimensions and shapes of planar wall elements.
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, la coque de base est du type à fond plat et comprend, comme éléments de paroi, un élément formant le fond plat, quatre éléments de fond obliques comportant deux éléments avant et deux éléments arrière, deux éléments de bordé latéral parallèles, deux éléments de bordé avant et deux éléments de bordé arrière.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the base shell is of the flat bottom type and comprises, as wall elements, an element forming the flat bottom, four oblique bottom elements comprising two front elements and two rear elements, two elements parallel side planking, two front plating elements and two rear plating elements.
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, on définit la forme de la coque de base à l'aide d'un programme d'ordinateur, comportant un nombre réduit de paramètres variables en fonction du faible nombre d'élémentsAccording to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, the shape of the basic shell is defined using a computer program, comprising a reduced number of variable parameters as a function of the small number of elements.
FEUILLE DE RΞiw.?LAC_Ξ-v.Ξ T plans et assure la recherche de la forme de coque d'un bateau 'devant être réalisé par modifications d'au moins certaines de ces variables.LEAF OF RΞiw.? LAC_Ξ-v.Ξ T plans and ensures the search for the hull shape of a boat 'to be carried out by modifications of at least some of these variables.
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention pour la fabrication d'une coque d'un bateau du type dont le pont et la paroi sont assemblés à l'aide de membrures de raidissement, on découpe des éléments de paroi plans, après avoir déterminé leurs formes et leurs dimensions par modulation des éléments de la coque de base, dans des panneaux de tôle plans, fixe sur ces éléments plans, à l'état plat, des éléments de membrure par soudage avantageusement automatique et construit la coque par assemblage des pièces de fond et de flancs ainsi préfabriqués.According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention for the manufacture of a hull of a boat of the type whose deck and wall are assembled using stiffening members, planar wall elements are cut, after having determined their shapes and dimensions by modulating the elements of the base shell, in flat sheet metal panels, fixed on these planar elements, in the flat state, frame elements by advantageously automatic welding and constructed the shell by assembling the parts bottom and sides thus prefabricated.
Une coque de bateau selon l'invention, obtenue par la mise en oeuvre du procédé tel que défini ci-avant, ayant une structure de raidissement de la coque à membrures notamment transversales, fixée sur les faces internes des éléments de paroi, est caractérisée en ce que ces éléments de paroi sont des éléments plans et que les membrures fixées sur la face interne de chaque élément de paroi ont été fixées sur cet élément par soudage avantageusement automatique avant l'assemblage des différents éléments de paroi.A boat hull according to the invention, obtained by the implementation of the method as defined above, having a stiffening structure of the hull with members in particular transverse, fixed on the internal faces of the wall elements, is characterized in that these wall elements are planar elements and that the members fixed on the internal face of each wall element have been fixed on this element by advantageously automatic welding before the assembly of the various wall elements.
La présente invention a pour but de proposer un procédé de fabrication d'une coque d'un bateau, qui ne présente pas l'inconvénient susmentionné de l'état de la technique.The present invention aims to provide a method of manufacturing a hull of a boat, which does not have the aforementioned drawback of the prior art.
Pour atteindre ce but, le procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que l'on réalise la coque par assemblage d'éléments de tôle plans qui constituent les parois de fond et de flancs de la coque, l'on fixe sur ces éléments plan, à plat, des éléments de membrure par soudage avantageusement automatique et construit la coque par assemblage des pièces de fond et de flanc ainsi préfabriquées.To achieve this object, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the shell is produced by assembling flat sheet metal elements which constitute the bottom walls and sides of the shell, these elements are fixed plan, flat, of the frame elements by advantageously automatic welding and builds the hull by assembling the bottom and side pieces thus prefabricated.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, caractéristiques, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple illustrant un mode de réalisation de l'invention et dans lesquels : La figure 1 est une représentation schématique, en perspective d'un procédé connu pour la fabrication d'une coque d'un bateau.The invention will be better understood and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended schematic drawings given solely by way of example illustrating a mode of the invention and in which: Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a known method for manufacturing a hull of a boat.
La figure 2 est une représentation schématique, similaire à la figure 1, du procédé de réalisation d'une coque de bateau selon la présente invention.Figure 2 is a schematic representation, similar to Figure 1, of the method of making a boat hull according to the present invention.
La figure 3 est une vue de dessus, partiellement éclatée, d'une coque de bateau selon l'invention, le pont ayant été enlevé.Figure 3 is a top view, partially exploded, of a boat hull according to the invention, the deck having been removed.
La figure 4 est une vue de dessous de la coque de bateau selon la figure 3.FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the boat hull according to FIG. 3.
La figure 5 est une vue de dessous en perspective d'une coque de bateau perfectionnée similaire à celle de la figure 4.FIG. 5 is a bottom perspective view of an improved boat hull similar to that of FIG. 4.
La figure 6 est une vue en élévation de la coque de bateau selon la figure 4.FIG. 6 is an elevation view of the boat hull according to FIG. 4.
Les figures 7a, b à 9a, b sont des vues schématiques de différentes formes de coque selon l'état de la technique (en a) et l'invention (en b), pour démontrer les avantages de l'invention.Figures 7a, b to 9a, b are schematic views of different shell shapes according to the state of the art (in a) and the invention (in b), to demonstrate the advantages of the invention.
Les figures 10a, b et l ia, b sont des vues démontrant des avantages de l'invention (en b) par rapport à l'état de la technique (en a).Figures 10a, b and 11a, b are views demonstrating advantages of the invention (in b) compared to the state of the art (in a).
La figure 12 est une vue en coupe avec arrachement le long de la ligne XII-XII de la figure 5.FIG. 12 is a cutaway view along the line XII-XII of FIG. 5.
La figure 13 montre en â la forme d'une coque de base et en h à d trois formes de coques obtenues par modulation de cette forme et destinées à des utilisations différentes.FIG. 13 shows in â the shape of a basic shell and in h to d three shapes of hulls obtained by modulation of this shape and intended for different uses.
La figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une coque d'un bateau de forme traditionnelle, réalisée selon un procédé spécifique de l'état de la technique. Cette figure montre en 1 des membrures incurvées qui sont fixées sur le pont 2, qui est le seul élément plan du bateau, et les pièces de tôle 3 qui composent les flancs du bateau et sont assemblées sur les membrures incurvées. Cet assemblage qui se fait par soudure nécessite l'application des cordons de soudure en continu sur toute la longueur de chacune des membrures 1 le lonε désalignés de contact des pièces de tôle avec ces membrures. Le soudage doit être effectué à la main. Etant donné le. nombre important des membrures et la longueur considérable des cordons de soudure, on comprend aisément que le procédé représenté à la figure 1, de l'état de la technique, est extrêmement cher en main d'oeuvre et rend très onéreuse la fabrication des bateaux.Figure 1 is a schematic view of a hull of a boat of traditional shape, produced according to a specific process of the prior art. This figure shows in 1 the curved members which are fixed on the deck 2, which is the only plane element of the boat, and the sheet metal parts 3 which make up the sides of the boat and are assembled on the curved members. This assembly which is done by welding requires the application of continuous weld beads over the entire length of each of the members 1 the lonε misaligned contact of sheet metal parts with these members. Welding must be done by hand. Given the. large number of members and the considerable length of the weld beads, it is easy to understand that the process shown in FIG. 1, from the state of the art, is extremely expensive in terms of labor and makes the manufacture of boats very expensive.
La figure 2 illustre, de façon schématique, le principe du procédé de construction d'une coque de bateau selon la présente invention. Cette coque présente une forme particulière obtenue par assemblage de pièces de tôle planes. Comme cela est montré sur la figure 2 à l'exemple de la pièce 5, des éléments de membrure 6 sont fixés à plat sur la pièce de tôle 5. Etant donné que la fixation se fait à plat sur la pièce 5, elle peut être réalisée par soudage automatique industriel. Les seuls cordons de soudure devant être réalisés à la main concernent l'assemblage des pièces de parois de coque préfabriquées le long des lignes indiquées en traits gras et portant la référence 7. Les flèches indiquent le montage de la pièce 5 pour la constitution de la coque où elle es indiquée par la référence 5'.FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the principle of the method for constructing a boat hull according to the present invention. This shell has a particular shape obtained by assembling pieces of flat sheet metal. As shown in Figure 2 in the example of part 5, member elements 6 are fixed flat on the sheet metal part 5. Since the fixing is done flat on the part 5, it can be carried out by industrial automatic welding. The only weld beads to be made by hand relate to the assembly of the prefabricated shell wall parts along the lines indicated in bold lines and marked with the reference 7. The arrows indicate the mounting of part 5 for the constitution of the shell where it is indicated by the reference 5 '.
Les figures 3 à 6 montrent la réalisation de la forme d'une coque de bateau obtenue par application du procédé selon l'invention, illustré schématiquemen à la figure 2. La figure 3 montre tout d'abord une pièce plane 10 destinée constituer la paroi de fond de la coque. Les références 1 1 et 12 indiquent de éléments de membrure transversaux et des éléments raidisseurs longitudinaux qui sont soudés à plat, de façon automatique, sur la pièce de fond 10. La figur 3 montre également huit pièces de tôle planes destinées à constituer de éléments de la paroi de flanc de la coque. Sur chacune des pièces portant le références 14 à 21 sont montés, séparément et à l'état plat, les éléments d membrure transversaux 23 et des éléments raidisseurs longitudinaux 24 toujours par soudage automatique industriel. Après la préfabrication de différents éléments de parois latérales, ceux-ci sont assemblés sur la pièce d fond 10 et entre elle, de la manière symbolisée par des lignes fléchées. L partie supérieure de la figure 3 montre ces différents éléments de parois aprè assemblage.Figures 3 to 6 show the embodiment of the shape of a boat hull obtained by applying the method according to the invention, illustrated schematically in Figure 2. Figure 3 first shows a flat part 10 intended to constitute the wall bottom of the hull. The references 1 1 and 12 indicate transverse member elements and longitudinal stiffening elements which are welded flat, automatically, on the bottom part 10. FIG. 3 also shows eight pieces of flat sheet metal intended to constitute elements of the side wall of the hull. On each of the parts bearing the references 14 to 21 are mounted, separately and in the flat state, the transverse member elements 23 and longitudinal stiffener elements 24 always by industrial automatic welding. After the prefabrication of various side wall elements, these are assembled on the bottom piece 10 and between them, in the manner symbolized by arrowed lines. The upper part of Figure 3 shows these different wall elements after assembly.
Comme il ressort des figures 4 à 6 qui montrent la coque du bateau à l'ét assemblé, celle-ci présente une forme particulière très hydrodynamique dont l surface extérieure ne présente que des éléments de surface plane, sans aucun incurvation. Il est évident que la forme de la coque est variable et facilement adapta^le-à des exigences par exemple déterminées par l'application ou du but auquel le bateau doit servir. Il suffit à cette fin de couper en conséquence la forme des pièces planes et de choisir le nombre de telles pièces. Comme cela se comprend aisément en regardant la figure 3, la découpe qui se fait à plat des différentes pièces de tôle ne présente aucun problème et pourrait être effectuée selon un procédé assisté par ordinateur. Le montage sur ces pièces des membrures ne présente également aucun problème.As can be seen in Figures 4 to 6 which show the hull of the boat when assembled, it has a very hydrodynamic particular shape, the outer surface of which has only flat surface elements, without any curving. It is obvious that the shape of the hull is variable and easily adaptable to the requirements, for example determined by the application or the purpose for which the boat is to serve. For this purpose, it suffices to cut the shape of the flat parts accordingly and to choose the number of such parts. As can easily be understood by looking at FIG. 3, the cutting which is made flat of the different sheet metal parts presents no problem and could be carried out according to a computer-assisted process. The mounting on these parts of the members also presents no problem.
En se référant aux figures 7 à 11, on décrira ci-après les avantages majeurs que procure le procédé de fabrication d'une coque de bateau selon l'invention.Referring to FIGS. 7 to 11, the major advantages which the process for manufacturing a boat hull according to the invention provides will be described below.
La figure 7a montre une coque de bateau du type de la plupart des bateaux de tourisme fluvial conçus sur le modèle d'une barge. Leur coque est un parallélépipède dont l'extrémité avant est constituée par des enjoliveurs qui se rejoignent pour donner à l'avant du bateau sa forme hydrodynamique. La figure 7b montre la forme de la coque d'un coefficient prismatique considérablement améliorée que l'on peut réaliser en appliquant le procédé selon l'invention, au prix comparable à celui du bateau selon la figure 7a. Ce coefficient prismatique amélioré de la coque selon l'invention entraîne par voie de conséquence une économie de carburant et une amélioration de la vitesse du bateau.Figure 7a shows a boat hull of the type of most river touring boats designed on the model of a barge. Their hull is a parallelepiped whose front end consists of hubcaps which meet to give the front of the boat its hydrodynamic shape. FIG. 7b shows the shape of the hull with a considerably improved prismatic coefficient which can be achieved by applying the method according to the invention, at a price comparable to that of the boat according to FIG. 7a. This improved prismatic coefficient of the hull according to the invention consequently results in fuel economy and an improvement in the speed of the boat.
La figure 8a montre un bateau dont la partie 25 immergée dans l'eau est très importante et s'étend sur pratiquement toute la longueur du bateau. Cette partie 25 caractérise les coques des bateaux classiques. La figure 8b montre une forme de coque de bateau comparable mais réalisée selon la présente invention. De ce fait la coque peut avoir une forme complexe qui se distingue par la faible surface de la partie immergée 26. Cette dernière est considérablement moins longue que la partie 25 de la coque traditionnelle de l figure 8a et est limitée sur la partie centrale de la coque. Cette partie 26 de faible surface donne au bateau une manoeuvrabilité accrue, lui permettan notamment des rotations de 180° à des vitesses élevées.FIG. 8a shows a boat of which the part 25 submerged in water is very large and extends over practically the entire length of the boat. This part 25 characterizes the hulls of classic boats. FIG. 8b shows a shape of a comparable boat hull but produced according to the present invention. Therefore the shell can have a complex shape which is distinguished by the small surface of the submerged part 26. The latter is considerably shorter than the part 25 of the traditional shell of FIG. 8a and is limited on the central part of the shell. This small area 26 gives the boat increased maneuverability, in particular allowing it to rotate 180 ° at high speeds.
Les figures 9a et b illustrent les améliorations esthétiques que l'inventio permet d'apporter à la forme de la coque. La figure 9b montre une forme d coque très profilée pouvant être utilisée sur des bateaux du type "yacht". L coût de construction de tels yachts est sensiblement diminué par rapport a coût d'un yacht construit autour d'une coque traditionnelle, restant similaire celle d'une barge selon la figure 9a.Figures 9a and b illustrate the aesthetic improvements that the inventio allows to bring to the shape of the shell. Figure 9b shows a very streamlined hull shape that can be used on "yacht" type boats. The construction cost of such yachts is significantly reduced compared to the cost of a yacht built around a traditional hull, remaining similar to that of a barge according to FIG. 9a.
Les figures 10a et 10b illustrent un autre avantage de l'invention, qui résid dans l'économie des matières premières. En effet, la figure 10a montre de éléments d'ossature, c'est-à-dire de membrures typiques des coques de bateau traditionnelles. Ces éléments se caractérisent par leur forme incurvée. L figure 10b montre des éléments de membrure utilisés dans le cadre de l présente invention. Il s'agit d'éléments dont des bords sont rectilignes. Sur le figures, les chutes de matières premières sont indiquées par des portion hachurées. On constate que les pertes sont considérablement plus faibles dan le cas de l'invention selon la figure 10b.Figures 10a and 10b illustrate another advantage of the invention, which resides in the economy of raw materials. Indeed, FIG. 10a shows framework elements, that is to say members typical of traditional boat hulls. These elements are characterized by their curved shape. Figure 10b shows frame elements used in the context of the present invention. These are elements whose edges are straight. In the figures, falling raw materials are indicated by hatched portions. It can be seen that the losses are considerably lower in the case of the invention according to FIG. 10b.
La figure l ia montre une partie d'une membrure 30 pourvue d'une semelle 31 Dans le cas typique de l'état de la technique, la semelle est rapportée pa soudage. Le même effet de renforcement d'une membrure peut être obten dans le cas de l'invention par simple pliage réalisé à la plieuse industrielle l long d'une ligne longitudinale 32 d'un tronçon de profilés 34 de form rectiligne et à arêtes parallèles.Figure l ia shows a part of a frame 30 provided with a sole 31 In the typical case of the prior art, the sole is attached by welding. The same reinforcing effect of a frame can be obtained in the case of the invention by simple folding carried out with an industrial folder along a longitudinal line 32 of a section of sections 34 of rectilinear shape and with parallel edges.
Un autre avantage que procure la présente invention sera décrit en se référa aux figures 5 et 12. La figure 5 représente une coque de bateau dont la form correspond à celle illustrée aux figures 3 à 6. On constate que des profilés e forme de U sont fixés sur les faces extérieures planes de la paroi de fond 3 des parois de flancs de coque portant la référence générale 37 et des autre surfaces immergées dans l'eau désignées de façon générale par le numéro 3 Ces profilés en U s'étendent dans la direction longitudinale du bateau et so fixés par soudage sur leur face porteuse. Les profilés 35 sont réalis avantageusement en acier et présentent une largeur de quelques centimètre Ils peuvent accomplir un certain nombre de fonctions.Another advantage which the present invention provides will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 12. FIG. 5 represents a boat hull whose shape corresponds to that illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 6. It can be seen that U-shaped profiles are fixed to the flat outer faces of the bottom wall 3 of the sides of the hull flanks having the general reference 37 and of other surfaces immersed in water generally designated by the number 3 These U-shaped profiles extend in the direction longitudinal of the boat and fixed by welding on their load-bearing side. The profiles 35 are advantageously made of steel and have a width of a few centimeters. They can perform a certain number of functions.
Ils sont en mesure d'accomplir la fonction d'éléments raidisseurs de la coq dans la direction longitudinale. Dans cette fonction, ils peuvent remplacer d éléments de raidissement longitudinal interne tels que par exemple l membrures longitudinales 12 et 24 représentées sur la figure 3. La présen des éléments de raidissement transversal et longitudinal, surtout de c derniers, à l'intérieur de la coque, nécessite la mise en place d'un plancher supplémentaire. Par conséquent, les éléments en U 35, combinés avec une disposition appropriée des éléments de raidissement transversal interne permettent de supprimer le plancher supplémentaire traditionnel, ce qui augmente l'espace interne utile de la coque.They are able to perform the function of stiffening elements of the rooster in the longitudinal direction. In this function, they can replace internal longitudinal stiffening elements such as for example the longitudinal members 12 and 24 shown in FIG. 3. The presence of transverse and longitudinal stiffening elements, especially of c last, inside the hull, requires the installation of an additional floor. Consequently, the U-shaped elements 35, combined with an appropriate arrangement of the internal transverse stiffening elements, make it possible to eliminate the traditional additional floor, which increases the useful internal space of the hull.
Les profilés en U 36 tantôt permettent la suppression d'un certain nombre de dispositifs actuellement nécessaires sur un bateau traditionnel auxquels ils se subtituent sans inconvénient, tantôt constituent de véritables améliorations pa rapport à des dispositifs classiques quand ils remplissent leurs fonctions. On constate ainsi que ces profilés en U peuvent accomplir la fonction de moyens de protection contre des chocs d'amarrage ou résultant de collision avec des objets flottants, fonctions qui dans le cas des bateaux de structure traditionnelle sont accomplies par des moyens spécifiques supplémentaires rapportés sur l face externe de la coque, mais seulement localement. Les éléments en U en raison de leur disposition longitudinale sur la face externe limitent la dérive d bateau et permettent ainsi de supprimer des dispositifs anti-dérive spécifiques tels que des quilles ou ailerons traditionnels.The U-shaped sections 36 sometimes allow the removal of a certain number of devices currently necessary on a traditional boat which they are without any inconvenience, sometimes constitute real improvements pa compared to conventional devices when they fulfill their functions. It is thus noted that these U-shaped profiles can fulfill the function of means of protection against mooring shocks or resulting from collision with floating objects, functions which in the case of boats of traditional structure are accomplished by additional specific means reported on l external face of the hull, but only locally. The U-shaped elements due to their longitudinal arrangement on the external face limit boat drift and thus make it possible to eliminate specific anti-drift devices such as traditional keels or fins.
Un autre avantage important des profilés externes 35 réside dans le fait qu'il peuvent constituer des éléments conducteurs d'un agent de refroidissement e être incorporés aux dispositifs de refroidissement interne du bateau. En effet les profilés en forme de U lorsqu'ils sont soudés sur la face externe de la coqu forment avec celle-ci des canaux que l'on raccorde à des éléments internes d circuit de refroidissement, par les conducteurs de pontage qui traversent l coque. On obtient alors des circuits de refroidissement qui peuvent desservi autant d'installations que nécessaires dans le bateau sans des contrainte d'implantation que présentent les systèmes classiques. Dans le cas d l'invention, la coque peut être considérée sur toute sa surface comme u échangeur thermique.Another important advantage of the external profiles 35 is that they can constitute conductive elements of a cooling agent and be incorporated into the internal cooling devices of the boat. In fact, the U-shaped profiles when welded to the external face of the shell form therewith channels which are connected to internal elements of the cooling circuit, by the bridging conductors which pass through the shell. . Cooling circuits are then obtained which can serve as many installations as necessary in the boat without the layout constraints that conventional systems present. In the case of the invention, the shell can be considered over its entire surface as a heat exchanger.
Etant donné que les éléments constitutifs de la coque sont des éléments à fac plane, les profilés en U 36 peuvent être fixés sur ces éléments de paroi pa soudage réalisable automatiquement et industriellement. Par conséquent, le avantages considérables résultant de la présence de ces éléments en U n nécessitent que des faibles dépenses supplémentaires largement inférieures au frais nécessaires pour la mise en place et l'installation des dispositifs qu'ils remplacent ou améliorent.Since the constituent elements of the shell are flat fac elements, the U-shaped profiles 36 can be fixed to these wall elements by welding, which can be carried out automatically and industrially. Consequently, the considerable advantages resulting from the presence of these U-shaped elements require only low additional expenditure much lower than the costs necessary for the installation and installation of the devices they replace or improve.
Comme il ressort de la description qui vient d'être faite, le procédé de fabrication de coques de bateaux selon l'invention présente de nombreux avantages. En effet, il permet une fabrication moins onéreuse des coques dont la forme peut être établie selon des considérations techniques, utilitaires et esthétiques en fonction de l'utilisation du bateau. La fabrication des coques à partir d'éléments plans, préfabriqués, permet en outre une représentation par modèle de la coque, ce qui n'est pratiquement pas réalisable avec des formes de coques incurvées de l'état de la technique.As emerges from the description which has just been made, the process for manufacturing boat hulls according to the invention has numerous advantages. Indeed, it allows a less expensive manufacture of hulls whose shape can be established according to technical, utility and aesthetic considerations depending on the use of the boat. The manufacture of the hulls from planar, prefabricated elements also allows a representation by model of the hull, which is practically not possible with curved hull shapes of the state of the art.
Plus précisément, il s'est avéré dans le cadre de la réalisation de la présente invention, qu'une coque ayant la forme générale représentée aux figures 3 et 4 et dessinée d'une manière plus simple sur la figure 12a peut être utilisée comme une forme de coque de base à partir de laquelle peuvent être développées des formes de coques adaptées à des utilisations différentes, comme le montre les figures 12b à 12d.More specifically, it has been found, in the context of carrying out the present invention, that a shell having the general shape shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and drawn in a simpler manner in FIG. 12a can be used as a basic shell shape from which shell shapes suitable for different uses can be developed, as shown in Figures 12b to 12d.
On constate que toutes ces formes de coque ont en commun un élément d paroi de fond plat 10, deux éléments de fonds obliques avant 21, deu éléments de fonds obliques arrière 17, deux éléments de bordé latéra parallèles 14, deux éléments de bordé avant 18 et deux éléments de bord arrière 15. Les quatre formes de coques ne se distinguent que par le dimensions et la forme des différents éléments de paroi. Malgré la constructio de cette coque à partir d'éléments de paroi plans, elles possèdent de très bonne propriétés hydrodynamiques en fonction de l'utilisation à laquelle le bateau es destiné, que ce soit un bateau restaurant par exemple d'une longueur de 5 mètres et d'une largeur de 10 mètres, une barge de transport (figure 12b) ou u flotteur central d'un trimaran très élancé (figure 12d).It can be seen that all of these shell shapes have in common a flat bottom wall element 10, two front oblique bottom elements 21, two rear oblique bottom elements 17, two parallel side plank elements 14, two front plank elements 18 and two rear edge elements 15. The four shell shapes are distinguished only by the dimensions and the shape of the various wall elements. Despite the construction of this hull from planar wall elements, they have very good hydrodynamic properties depending on the use for which the boat is intended, whether a restaurant boat for example with a length of 5 meters and with a width of 10 meters, a transport barge (figure 12b) or a central float of a very slender trimaran (figure 12d).
Par conséquent l'invention permet de concevoir des formes de coque de batea à partir d'une forme de coque de base à géométrie variable et modulable pa variation seulement d'un faible nombre de paramètres techniques. Cette form de base peut être définie par un programme d'ordinateur ne comportant qu'u faible nombre de variables. C'est en jouant sur ces variables qu'un optimisation du rapport entre les objectifs de performance telle que l manoeuvrabilité, l'hydrodynamisme, l'espace interne utilisable et le coût du bateau peut être obtenu, et le faible nombre de paramètres à faire varier afin d'obtenir la coque souhaitée rend possible l'élaboration accélérée d'une coque à l'aide d'un ordinateur.Consequently, the invention makes it possible to design forms of boat hull from a basic hull form with variable and modular geometry pa variation only of a small number of technical parameters. This basic form can be defined by a computer program comprising only a small number of variables. It is by playing on these variables that an optimization of the relationship between performance objectives such as maneuverability, hydrodynamics, usable internal space and the cost of the boat can be obtained, and the small number of parameters to be varied in order to obtain the desired hull makes it possible to accelerate the development of a hull using from a computer.
Grâce à la définition d'une forme de coque de base, l'invention propose un procédé de conception des formes de coque de bateau, assistée par ordinateur, et une fabrication à un coût relativement faible des coques ainsi conçues, également grâce à la réalisation de la coque à partir d'éléments de paroi plans. Thanks to the definition of a basic hull shape, the invention provides a computer-aided design process for the design of hull shapes for boats, and the hulls thus designed to be produced at relatively low cost, also thanks to the production of the hull from planar wall elements.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Procédé de fabrication d'une coque d'un bateau, notamment du type à fond plat, caractérisé en ce que l'on établit une forme de coque de base se composant d'un nombre prédéterminé d'éléments de paroi extérieure plans (10, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21) et réalise une coque ayant des propriétés souhaitées pour un cas d'utilisation spécifique, par variation des dimensions et des formes des éléments de paroi plans.1. A method of manufacturing a hull of a boat, in particular of the flat-bottom type, characterized in that a basic hull form is made up consisting of a predetermined number of planar outer wall elements ( 10, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21) and produces a shell having desired properties for a specific use case, by varying the dimensions and shapes of the plane wall elements.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la coque de base est du type à fond plat et comprend, comme éléments de paroi, un élément formant le fond plat (10), quatre éléments de fond obliques comportant deu éléments avant (21) et deux éléments arrière (17), deux éléments de bordé latéral parallèles (14), deux éléments de bordé avant (18) et deux éléments de bordée arrière (15).2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the base shell is of the flat bottom type and comprises, as wall elements, an element forming the flat bottom (10), four oblique bottom elements comprising two front elements ( 21) and two rear elements (17), two parallel side plating elements (14), two front plating elements (18) and two rear plating elements (15).
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'o définit la forme de la coque de base à l'aide d'un programme d'ordinateur comportant un nombre réduit de paramètres variables en fonction du faibl nombre d'éléments plans et assure la recherche de la forme de coque d'u bateau devant être réalisé, par modification d'au moins certaines de ce variables.3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the o defines the shape of the basic shell using a computer program comprising a reduced number of variable parameters depending on the weak number of planar elements and ensures the search for the hull form of a boat to be produced, by modifying at least some of these variables.
4. Procédé de fabrication d'une coque d'un bateau, du type dont le pont et le parois sont assemblés à l'aide de membrures de raidissement, caractérisé en c que l'on découpe les éléments de paroi plans (10, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21), aprè avoir déterminé leurs formes et leurs dimensions par modulation des élément de la coque de base, dans des panneaux de tôle plans, fixe sur ces élément plans, à l'état plat, des éléments de membrures (6, 11, 12) par soudag avantageusement automatique et construit la coque par assemblage des pièce de fond et de flancs ainsi préfabriqués.4. A method of manufacturing a hull of a boat, of the type whose deck and walls are assembled using stiffening members, characterized in that the planar wall elements are cut out (10, 14 , 15, 17, 18, 21), after having determined their shapes and dimensions by modulating the elements of the base shell, in flat sheet metal panels, fixed on these planar elements, in the flat state, elements of frames (6, 11, 12) by advantageously automatic welding and builds the hull by assembling bottom parts and thus prefabricated sides.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de tôl constituant les parois de fond et de flancs de la coque sont découpés à l'aid d'un ordinateur. 5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the sheet metal elements constituting the bottom walls and sides of the shell are cut using a computer.
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on renforce la coque dans la direction longitudinale en fixant sur au moins la partie de la surface externe de la coque, qui doit être renforcée, des profilés (35) en un matériau rigide, notamment en métal, qui s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de la coque, l'espace interne de la coque étant alors exempt de renforcements longitudinaux dans la partie précitée.6. Method according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the shell is reinforced in the longitudinal direction by fixing on at least the part of the external surface of the shell, which must be reinforced, profiles ( 35) made of a rigid material, in particular metal, which extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shell, the internal space of the shell then being free of longitudinal reinforcements in the aforementioned part.
7. Coque de bateau obtenue par la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, du type ayant une structure de raidissement de la coque à membrures de raidissement, qui sont fixées sur les faces internes des éléments de paroi, caractérisé en ce que ces éléments de paroi (10, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21) sont des éléments plans et que les membrures (6, 11, 12) fixées sur la face interne de chaque élément de paroi ont été fixées sur celui-ci par soudage avantageusement automatique, avant l'assemblage des différents éléments de paroi.7. boat hull obtained by implementing the method according to one of claims 1 to 6, of the type having a stiffening structure of the hull with stiffening members, which are fixed to the internal faces of the wall elements, characterized in that these wall elements (10, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21) are planar elements and that the members (6, 11, 12) fixed on the internal face of each wall element have been fixed on this by advantageously automatic welding, before the assembly of the different wall elements.
8. Coque de bateau selon la revendication 7, pourvue d'éléments raidisseurs de la coque dans la direction longitudinale, caractérisée en ce que les éléments de raidissement (35) sont formés par des profilés en un matériau rigide notamment en métal, tel que de l'acier, qui sont fixés sur au moins la partie d la surface externe de la coque qui doit être renforcée dans la direction longitudinale.8. boat hull according to claim 7, provided with stiffening elements of the hull in the longitudinal direction, characterized in that the stiffening elements (35) are formed by profiles in a rigid material in particular metal, such as steel, which are fixed on at least the part of the external surface of the shell which must be reinforced in the longitudinal direction.
9. Coque de bateau selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les éléments de raidissement longitudinal (35) sont formés par des profilés en fixés sur la face externe de la coque le long des bords libres de leurs branches.9. boat hull according to claim 8, characterized in that the longitudinal stiffening elements (35) are formed by profiles fixed to the external face of the hull along the free edges of their branches.
10. Coque de bateau selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que le profilés en U (35) constituent des éléments conducteurs d'un agent d refroidissement. 10. boat hull according to claim 9, characterized in that the U-shaped profiles (35) constitute conductive elements of a cooling agent.
PCT/FR1993/000896 1992-09-16 1993-09-16 Method of manufacturing a boat hull, and boat hull thus obtained WO1994006675A1 (en)

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FR9211048A FR2695617B1 (en) 1992-09-16 1992-09-16 Method of manufacturing a boat hull and boat hull thus obtained.

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WO2013094534A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 三井造船株式会社 Steel ship or light alloy ship

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FR2695617B1 (en) 1994-12-02

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