WO1994005773A1 - Nouvel additif de biodegradation - Google Patents
Nouvel additif de biodegradation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994005773A1 WO1994005773A1 PCT/FR1993/000834 FR9300834W WO9405773A1 WO 1994005773 A1 WO1994005773 A1 WO 1994005773A1 FR 9300834 W FR9300834 W FR 9300834W WO 9405773 A1 WO9405773 A1 WO 9405773A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- additive
- flour
- acylated
- hydrocarbons
- biodegradation
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/38—Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/32—Materials not provided for elsewhere for absorbing liquids to remove pollution, e.g. oil, gasoline, fat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S530/00—Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; lignins or reaction products thereof
- Y10S530/827—Proteins from mammals or birds
- Y10S530/841—Muscles; heart
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S530/00—Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; lignins or reaction products thereof
- Y10S530/855—Proteins from animals other than mammals or birds
- Y10S530/857—Fish; fish eggs; shell fish; crustacea
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new biodegradation additive and its application for the treatment of environments soiled by hydrocarbons, by acceleration of natural biodegradation.
- these products meet the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus needs of bacteria.
- the particular needs of microorganisms for nitrogen and phosphorus correspond to a variable N / P molar ratio to a large extent, without appreciable alteration in efficiency.
- these additives contain assimilable carbon. This assimilable carbon is contained in hydrocarbon molecules whose chain is similar to a chain aliphatic which one meets in hydrocarbons.
- these products serve as a "starter", that is to say that they promote the reaction in the first moments.
- FR-A-2 490 672 describes microemulsions in which the nutritive substances are in an aqueous solution which is microemulsified in a lipomiscible liquid.
- this technique involves the step of forming the microemulsion and requires the presence of additives such as surfactants and the like, which are expensive.
- FR-A-2,512,057 describes an improvement to the solution proposed in the aforementioned patent, which consists in providing the source of nitrogen in the form of a dual system comprising two chemically different kinds of nitrogenous compounds.
- a preferred system is a system consisting of urea and amino acids.
- this patent teaches that amino acids alone are not as effective as the dual system.
- This dual system is also a microemulsion, it suffers from the same drawbacks as any (micro) emulsion.
- additives are sought which can be used without requiring a (micro) emulsion or the use of expensive additives. O is also aware of the use of animal meal as a nutrient for microorganisms, these being in aqueous solution or suspension.
- the subject of the present invention is a biodegradation additive characterized in that it consists of a mixture comprising:
- At least one assimilable nitrogen source consisting of at least one amino acid, unsubstituted or substituted;
- at least one source of phosphorus according to an N / P ratio of between 2 and 100; said additive having been subjected to a treatment aimed at making it oleophilic.
- biodegradation is meant degradation by a microorganism, present in situ or reported. This application can therefore be carried out in an open environment in the presence of an indigenous bacterial flora, or on soils in the presence of a specific bacterial flora added, if that in presence is judged insufficient.
- the microorganism used can be a yeast, a fungus, a bacterium; in fact any micro-organism capable of degrading a hydrocarbon is appropriate.
- any micro-organism capable of degrading a hydrocarbon is appropriate.
- the nitrogen effectively metabolized by the micro-organism during degradation.
- This treatment can be a conventional treatment.
- the treatment consists of acylation.
- the carbon chain of the acyl group is preferably a fatty chain; advantageously, an acid chloride, in particular laurylic acid, is used.
- amino acids which can be used within the framework of the present invention can be any amino acid, natural or close synthetic acids such as ornitine, and the like. These amino acids can be unsubstituted or substituted. When substituted, the substituent is an alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy and the like.
- the amino acid is chosen from the group consisting of: lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine, tryptophane, hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, and mixtures thereof.
- the assimilable nitrogen source represents at least 5% by weight of the total weight of said biodegradation additive.
- the assimilable nitrogen source is found in proteins representing at least 50% by weight of the total weight of said additive.
- the source of phosphorus is an inorganic salt of phosphorus.
- said N / P ratio is between 4 and 40, preferably is equal to about 16.
- the additive consists of animal meal.
- the flour is fish meal.
- the flour is a meat meal.
- Fish or meat meal is obtained by any conventional manufacturing process.
- the following process may be cited: shredding, cooking, press, mixing with a concentrated press juice, drying, sieving, and final grinding.
- the composition of these flours can vary to a large extent; as a representative but non-limiting example, compositions for various flours are given below.
- Fishmeal proteins: 60 to 85% of which main amino acids: lysine, methionine, threonine.
- fat 3 to 25%.
- mineral matter phosphorus, calcium, chlorides
- Meat meal protein: 60 to 85% of which main amino acids: lysine, threonine, hydroxy-proline.
- fat 2 to 7%.
- mineral matter phosphorus, calcium, chlorides
- additives according to the present invention in particular animal meal, such as meat or fish meal, is therefore useful for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons on soils, sediments and on the surface of water.
- the sediments contaminated by hydrocarbons can come from accidental discharges of hydrocarbons or not, such as cleaning of basins, pavement, grounds, ...
- This use is just as adapted and profitable, in the case of treatment in closed environments, such as reactors, quagmire, storage of hydrocarbons and others.
- the proportion of additive relative to the hydrocarbon is variable.
- the mass ratio [additive] / [hydrocarbons] is generally between 3 and 30. Preferably, the mass ratio is equal to approximately 10.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the present additives for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons.
- the following examples illustrate the invention in more detail.
- composition of the biodegradation additives is given in the table below.
- Figures 1 and 2 show the evolution of the ammonia nitrogen contents in tanks and reactors with acylated flour or not.
- Figures 3 and 4 show the evolution of orthophosphate contents in tanks and reactors with acylated flour or not.
- Figures 5 and 6 show the release of nitrogen in the reactors with acylated flour or not.
- Figures 7 and 8 show the release of phos ⁇ phore in the reactors with acylated flour or not.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 represent the temporal evolution of the total bacterial flora and specific hydrocarbon in the presence of non-acylated flour and acylated flour.
- FIG. 11 represents the evolution of the indices of bio-degradation of the alkanes for the two experiments: in the presence of acylated flour or not.
- Figures 12 and 13 represent the temporal evolution of total bacterial flora and specific hydrocarbons in the three basins: control, with non-acylated flour and with acylated flour.
- FIG. 14 represents the composition of the crude samples recovered in the 3 basins, at TO, and at 42 days: alkane, aromatic, asphaltene and resin fraction.
- Figures 15 to 18 are the alkane fraction chromatograms for, respectively, the BAL 150 at 0 days, the control basin at 42 days, the basin treated with non-acylated flour at 42 days, the basin treated with flour rolled at 42 days.
- This synthesis is carried out in a solvent medium.
- the principle of the reaction is to bring the animal meal (fish meal) into contact with an acid chloride (lauroyl chloride C 12 H 23 C10) in the presence of solvent (dichloromethane CH C1 ⁇ ).
- middle a proton sensor which is triethylamine [C ⁇ HJ ⁇ N]
- the mixture [lauroyl chloride + fishmeal + dichloromethane + triethylamine] is stirred (mechanical agitator) for 24 hours at 30 ° C.
- the amount of acid chloride is put in excess (+ 20%) relative to that necessary to react on the amine groups of lysine. Lysine accounts for 5% of the protein in fishmeal. The amount of triethylamine is added in the same proportions.
- acylated flour is washed on a solvent filter (dichloromethane) to remove the excess acid chloride.
- the cake is then taken up in water, then filtered to remove the excess of triethylamine and the salt formed.
- the cake consisting of acylated flour is then dried in an oven.
- First test degree of oleophilicity of acylated flour
- the degree of oleophilia of raw flour or acylated flour is measured by means of a partition coefficient test.
- the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes in a separatory funnel with a mixture of artificial seawater without nitrogen (700 ml) + hydrocarbons (BAL 150: 28 g) and a known quantity of animal flour on the surface of the hydrocarbons. After stirring, the mixture is left to settle for 12 hours and the nitrogen content of the aqueous phase is assayed. This nitrogen content is representative of a passage of the nitrogen contained in the flour to the aqueous phase. We can thus calculate the degree of oleophilia. The results obtained are listed in Table I. TABLE I
- the 14C0 ⁇ observed by a bacterial culture is observed.
- a technique is used in which a mini-reactor (5 ml) containing a bacterial culture (nutrient medium: 1 ml and inoculum: 0.1 ml) is enclosed in a scintillation vial containing 2.5 ml of molar soda. After incubation at 20 ° C in the dark and without shaking, the 14C0- trapped in soda is analyzed after acidification of the culture medium and after addition of the scintillation liquid (Hionic fluorine). It is the same for the marked substrate remaining in the vial. Radioactivity is read in a BECMANN scintillation counter
- Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the presence of animal flour, acylated or not, in an open environment In order to demonstrate the interest of making animal meal oleophilic, an experiment was carried out in an open environment, this in order to check whether the oleophilicity of the flour keeps nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in contact with hydrocarbons and thus make biodegradation faster.
- the animal meals used for Examples 2 and 3 are fish meals.
- the modifications made to the chemical synthesis, compared to that described previously in Example 1, are:
- reaction temperature which is of the order of 50 ° C., which corresponds to the reflux temperature of the solvent
- the acid chloride is in excess of 300%, which corresponds to the parameter which has undergone the most significant modification compared to the synthesis according to Example 1.
- the other parameters and protocols are unchanged. Test:
- the pilot used for this experiment is composed of a reactor containing 100 ml of sea water polluted by hydrocarbons (2.5 ml of light Arabic). Animal flour, acylated or non-acylated, was applied to the surface of the hydrocarbons at a rate of 10% by weight relative to the hydrocarbons present. This reactor is continuously stirred and aerated. The reactor water is continuously renewed for 15 days with sea water, contained in a tank, at the rate of 8 renewals per day. The effluent is collected at the outlet of the reactor,
- the physico-chemical analyzes are carried out in accordance with the standards in force: ammoniacal nitrogen: AFNOR NF T90-015; nitrogen in nitrate form: Standard methods 4500-NO3-E; orthophosphate: standard method 4500-PC-Vn Acid Col. Meth.
- Total bacteria are counted according to the most probable number technique, in liquid medium (Marine Broth 2216).
- the specific hydrocarbon bacteria are also counted by the technique of the most probable number, in a liquid medium, in which the hydrocarbons represent the only source of carbon.
- Hydrocarbons are analyzed by gas chromatography.
- the quantification of the biodegradation of hydrocarbons is carried out by the estimation of biodegradation indices calculated from gas chromatography. These indices are the C17 / pristane and C18 / phytane ratios. The decrease in these ratios is correlated with the biodegradation of alphatic hydrocarbons. They are reported in table VIII.
- Acylated animal flour therefore has more advantages than non-acylated flour for the acceleration of hydrocarbons.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6506927A JPH08501935A (ja) | 1992-08-31 | 1993-08-27 | 新規生物分解性添加剤 |
CA002143624A CA2143624A1 (fr) | 1992-08-31 | 1993-08-27 | Nouvel additif de biodegradation |
EP93919407A EP0663948A1 (fr) | 1992-08-31 | 1993-08-27 | Nouvel additif de biogradation |
AU49649/93A AU4964993A (en) | 1992-08-31 | 1993-08-27 | Novel biodegradation additive |
US08/387,723 US5618725A (en) | 1992-08-31 | 1993-08-27 | Oleophilic biodegrading additive and method of treating hybrocarbon polluted medium |
NO950750A NO950750L (no) | 1992-08-31 | 1995-02-27 | Nye biodegraderingsadditiver |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9210409A FR2695138A1 (fr) | 1992-08-31 | 1992-08-31 | Nouvel additif de biodégradation. |
FR92/10409 | 1992-08-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994005773A1 true WO1994005773A1 (fr) | 1994-03-17 |
Family
ID=9433097
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1993/000834 WO1994005773A1 (fr) | 1992-08-31 | 1993-08-27 | Nouvel additif de biodegradation |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5618725A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0663948A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH08501935A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU4964993A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2143624A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2695138A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1994005773A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2751344A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-01-23 | Elf Aquitaine | Nouvel additif de biodegradation |
WO2001002086A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-01-11 | Elf Aquitaine | Microemulsion nutritive pulverisable utile comme accelerateur de biodegradation |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DZ2980A1 (fr) * | 1998-12-31 | 2004-03-15 | 453168Bc Ltd | Procédé et compositions de traitement de matériauxcontaminés hydrocarbures. |
CA2257706C (fr) | 1998-12-31 | 2002-05-28 | Paul Sicotte | Procede et composition pour traiter les materiaux contamines par des hydrocarbures |
FR2791351B1 (fr) * | 1999-03-22 | 2001-05-04 | Elf Exploration Prod | Boue de forage biodegradable et procede de preparation |
EP2407432A1 (fr) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-18 | Söll GmbH | Composition pour déclencher des procédés microbiologiques dans l'eau et son procédé de production |
FI127131B (en) | 2016-11-25 | 2017-11-30 | Univ Helsinki | Environmental remediation |
CN112147039B (zh) * | 2019-06-26 | 2022-04-15 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | 复杂断块稠油油藏原油粘度的预测方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0181769A1 (fr) * | 1984-11-08 | 1986-05-21 | International Technology Corporation | Stimulation des bactéries aérobiques |
EP0192285A1 (fr) * | 1985-02-15 | 1986-08-27 | Heidemij Uitvoering B.V. | Procédé et installation pour le reconditionnement biologique d'un sol contaminé |
US4925802A (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-05-15 | Ecova Corporation | Method for stimulating biodegradation of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons |
CH674210A5 (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1990-05-15 | Henri Rothlisberger | Culturing bacteria in anaerobic medium - to give azobacteria capable of purifying transformer oils contg. organo:chlorine cpds. |
WO1991019039A1 (fr) * | 1990-06-08 | 1991-12-12 | Grace Sierra Horticultural Products Company | Nutriments a liberation regulee pour microbes et procede de biotraitement |
WO1992003393A1 (fr) * | 1990-08-23 | 1992-03-05 | Yamashita Thomas T | Detoxication du sol |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3880824A (en) * | 1972-07-18 | 1975-04-29 | Far Mar Co | Gluten lipid complexes and process for preparing same |
US3952115A (en) * | 1975-04-02 | 1976-04-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fortification of foodstuffs with N-acyl derivatives of sulfur-containing L-amino acid esters |
US4975106A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1990-12-04 | Biotherm International, Inc. | Anaerobic digestion of fish wastes |
US5484729A (en) * | 1993-06-07 | 1996-01-16 | General Electric Company | Microbial dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds |
-
1992
- 1992-08-31 FR FR9210409A patent/FR2695138A1/fr active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-08-27 AU AU49649/93A patent/AU4964993A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-08-27 US US08/387,723 patent/US5618725A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-27 WO PCT/FR1993/000834 patent/WO1994005773A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-08-27 CA CA002143624A patent/CA2143624A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1993-08-27 EP EP93919407A patent/EP0663948A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1993-08-27 JP JP6506927A patent/JPH08501935A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0181769A1 (fr) * | 1984-11-08 | 1986-05-21 | International Technology Corporation | Stimulation des bactéries aérobiques |
EP0192285A1 (fr) * | 1985-02-15 | 1986-08-27 | Heidemij Uitvoering B.V. | Procédé et installation pour le reconditionnement biologique d'un sol contaminé |
CH674210A5 (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1990-05-15 | Henri Rothlisberger | Culturing bacteria in anaerobic medium - to give azobacteria capable of purifying transformer oils contg. organo:chlorine cpds. |
US4925802A (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-05-15 | Ecova Corporation | Method for stimulating biodegradation of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons |
WO1991019039A1 (fr) * | 1990-06-08 | 1991-12-12 | Grace Sierra Horticultural Products Company | Nutriments a liberation regulee pour microbes et procede de biotraitement |
WO1992003393A1 (fr) * | 1990-08-23 | 1992-03-05 | Yamashita Thomas T | Detoxication du sol |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
BIOSIS PREVIEWS DATABANK, Philadelphia, Biosis Number: 70043472, O. YAGI et al.: "Degradation of Poly Chlorinated Bi Phenyls by Microorganisms" & J WATER POLLUT CONTROL FED 52, vol. 5, 1980, pages 1035-1043 (cité dans la demande) * |
BIOSIS PREVIEWS DATABANK, Philadelphia, Biosis Number: 70050436, M. RUSAN et al.: "Influence of Animal Proteins on the Fermentation of Antibiotics" & BOL SOC BROTERIANA 52, vol. 0, 1978 (Recd. 1979), pages 29-36 (cité dans la demande) * |
BIOSIS PREVIEWS DATABANK, Philadelphia, Biosis Number: 83042449, G.A. KOCHKINA et al.: "Development of a Nutrient Medium for Cultivating Entomophthora-Thaxteriana" & BIOTEKHNOLOGIYA, vol. 4, 1986, pages 46-51, (cité dans la demande) * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2751344A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-01-23 | Elf Aquitaine | Nouvel additif de biodegradation |
WO1998003436A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-01-29 | Elf Aquitaine | Additif de biodegradation a base de farine et d'un tensio-actif cationique |
WO1998003435A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-01-29 | Elf Aquitaine | Additif de biodegradation a base de farine et d'un tensio-actif lipidique non-ionique ou zwitterionique |
WO2001002086A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-01-11 | Elf Aquitaine | Microemulsion nutritive pulverisable utile comme accelerateur de biodegradation |
FR2795974A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-01-12 | Elf Aquitaine | Microemulsion nutritive pulverisable utile comme accelerateur de biodegradation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU4964993A (en) | 1994-03-29 |
CA2143624A1 (fr) | 1994-03-17 |
FR2695138A1 (fr) | 1994-03-04 |
EP0663948A1 (fr) | 1995-07-26 |
JPH08501935A (ja) | 1996-03-05 |
US5618725A (en) | 1997-04-08 |
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