Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/30—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the fibres or filaments
  • D03D15/33—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres or nanofibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
  • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/30—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensation products not covered by indexing codes D10B2331/02 - D10B2331/14
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
  • D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
  • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/911—Penetration resistant layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified

Definitions

• the present invention is directed to a woven fabric consisting essentially of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) fiber for use in protective garments of improved comfort.
• This invention provides a woven fabric for use in protective apparel of improved comfort consisting essentially of uncrystallized poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) staple fiber having a denier per filament (dpf) of from 0.8 to 1.5, said fabric having a basis weight of from 4.0 to 8 ounces per square yard (oz/yd 2 ) and a construction as follows: weave: plain or twill cotton count (cc) : 37/2 or finer warp count (ends/inch) : 75 to 125 fill count (ends/inch) : at least 40 but not greater than 80% of the warp count.
• the fabrics of the invention have a bending rigidity per centimeter (B) no greater than 0.09 gram force (gf) cm 2 /cm, a shear stiffness (G) no greater than 0.8 gf/cm deg. , a surface roughness (SMD) no greater than 8.0 micrometers and a peak in transient heat loss, (Qmax) , of at least 12 watts/meter 2 °C(W/M 2 °C), all measured a ⁇ described below.
• B bending rigidity per centimeter
• G shear stiffness
• SMD surface roughness
• Qmax peak in transient heat loss
• the fabrics under consideration have a basis weight of from 4.0 oz/yd 2 to 8 oz/yd 2 and are woven from yarns consisting essentially of poly(m- phenylene isophthalamide) MPD-I, staple fiber. If desired, up to 10 weight percent of such fiber may be replaced with other fiber such as p-aramid fiber, antistatic fiber, etc., which provide break open resistance, antistatic performance, etc. , providing the value of the fabric for the protective end-use is not unduly compromised.
• the MPD-I staple fiber employed has a denier of from 0.8 to 1.5 dpf and the spun yarns are 37/2 cc or finer. Moreover, the fiber should not be subjected to treatments which tend to crystallize the fiber since this will increase the bending rigidity. By “uncrystallized” is meant that no active steps were taken to impart crystallinity, however, this is not to say that the fiber has no crystallinity Woven fabrics of the invention are of unbalanced construction, more particularly, the fill (F) count should be no greater than 80% of the warp count.
• the weave may be plain or will preferably be a 3X1 twill.
• the warp (W) count can range from 75 to 125 ends/inch while the fill count ⁇ hould be at least 40 ends/inch.
• the fabrics of the invention are characterized by relatively low bending rigidity, shear stiffness and surface roughne ⁇ while providing good wicking and thermal conductance.
• Test and Measurements The fabric hand properties were measured using the Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) .
• KES is a method of measuring mechanical and surface properties of fabrics using a set of very sensitive instruments described in Kawabata, S., "The Standardization and Analysis of Hand Evaluation", The Textile Machinery Society of Japan, July, 1980, 2nd Ed., Osaka, Japan and manufactured by Kato Tekko Co. , Kyoto, Japan.
• the thermal parameter Qmax is related to the human cutaneous sensation of warm/cool feeling when coming in contact with a flat surface.
• the bending and shear stiffness properties were mea ⁇ ured on washed fabarics to remove any effect of water soluble ⁇ tiffnes ⁇ builders that are generally added to facilitate cutting and sewing.
• the fabrics were washed and dried using AATCC method 135. All other properties were measured on finished fabrics before wa ⁇ hing.
• bending stiffness B is measured for both warp and fill directions by the above procedures and the average of warp and fill direction is reported.
• the same in ⁇ trument i ⁇ u ⁇ ed for both shear and tensile testing in the KES system The ⁇ pecimen i ⁇ clamped by two chuck ⁇ (A and B) 20 cm long and 5 cms apart.
• One of the chucks (B) is mounted on a sliding base which can be moved backward ⁇ for ten ⁇ ile te ⁇ ting and sideways for shear testing.
• the other chuck is fixed to a 4 cm diameter drum connected to a torque detector for the ⁇ hear mea ⁇ urement.
• the shear strain is detected by a potentiometer. When chuck B slides 8 degrees of shear angle, the motor automatically reverses. The velocity of shearing is 0.417 mm/sec and the shear strain rate is 0.00834/sec.
• the shear force vs. shear angle curve is plotted on a x-y plotter. Shear stiffness G is the slope of this curve. G is defined as (shear force per unit length)/shear angle) . Its units are gf/cm degree. The slope is measured between shearing angles 0.5° and 5.0°.
• the KES surface tester was used to measure surface roughness.
• the probe for measurement of surface roughnes ⁇ is made from a steel piano wire of 0.5 mm diameter bent to a U-shape.
• the weighted arm allows the maintenance of a fixed tension in the fabric when the measurement ⁇ are made.
• the piano wire probe box is lowered onto the sample and the spring tension adjusted for lOg normal force.
• the sample is moved 3 cm by the rotation of the drum by a synchronou ⁇ motor in one direction at the rate of 1 mm/sec and then the motor is reversed at the same rate to return to the starting position.
• the vertical movement of the probe caused by the roughness of the sample surface are detected by the transducer and integrated.
• the vertical displacement of the contactor from a standard position of Z(cm), is recorded and the ⁇ urface roughness (SMD) is represented by the mean deviation from Z.
• SMD ⁇ urface roughness
• the Thermolabo instrument consists of three main elements; T-Box, BT-Box and Water-Box.
• T-Box consi ⁇ ts of a thin copper plate of 3 cm x 3 cm attached to a block of insulating material. The change in temperature of the copper plate is measured by a temperature sensor of high respon ⁇ e speed attached to the back side of the copper plate.
• the BT-Box is an insulated hot plate capable of being controlled from room temperature to up to 60"C.
• the Water-Box is a constant temperature plate through which water at a constant temperature flows. This is con ⁇ idered a heat capacitor having infinite capacity. Styrofoam plate ⁇ are u ⁇ ed instead of the Water-Box during "Qmax" test -on thin fabrics and when room temperature and humidity are controlled.
• the room temperature is first sen ⁇ ed by placing the "T-Box" with the copper plate facing upward ⁇ .
• the BT-Box i ⁇ then ⁇ et to a temperature of 10°C higher than the T-Box.
• the guard heater on the BT-Box is also ⁇ et to the same temperature.
• the T-Box is placed face down on the BT-Box until its temperature reaches the BT-Box temperature.
• the fabric sample is then placed on the Styrofoam plates or the water box.
• Styrofoam plates can be u ⁇ ed. If the room temperature is not controlled, the water box at a controlled temperature should be used.
• Qmax measurement the T-Box is removed from the BT- Box and immediately placed on the room temperature equilibrated sample. The peak in transient heat loss
• the Qmax measurement takes very little time with 25 the peak reached typically in -0.2 sec. after initiation of the test.

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• 1992
  • 1992-06-16 US US07/899,281 patent/US5202086A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1993
  • 1993-04-09 TW TW82102649A patent/TW279909B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-04-16 MX MX9302211A patent/MX9302211A/es unknown
  • 1993-05-08 CN CN93105040A patent/CN1032321C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-06-14 CA CA 2137774 patent/CA2137774C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-06-14 JP JP50168594A patent/JP3293628B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-06-14 KR KR1019940704585A patent/KR100250896B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-06-14 WO PCT/US1993/005500 patent/WO1993025741A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1993-06-14 DE DE1993605164 patent/DE69305164T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-06-14 ES ES93914445T patent/ES2092829T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-06-14 AU AU44105/93A patent/AU667382B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1993-06-14 EP EP19930914445 patent/EP0646191B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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