CN1032321C - 用于制防护服的芳族酰胺织物及防护服 - Google Patents

用于制防护服的芳族酰胺织物及防护服 Download PDF

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CN1032321C
CN1032321C CN93105040A CN93105040A CN1032321C CN 1032321 C CN1032321 C CN 1032321C CN 93105040 A CN93105040 A CN 93105040A CN 93105040 A CN93105040 A CN 93105040A CN 1032321 C CN1032321 C CN 1032321C
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B·J·巴力加
D·E·霍夫曼
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Abstract

一种用于制防护服的从聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)短纤维纺成的纱制的机织织物。所述机织织物的特征在于具有其纬纱密度不大于其经纱密度的80%的不均衡结构。本发明具有改进的舒适性，还涉及用该织物制成的防护服。

Description

用于制防护服的芳族酰胺织物及防护服
本发明涉及一种芳族酰胺纺的纱织成的机织织物(或面料)以及用所述的织物制造的防护服。多数防护服的一个共同问题是穿着不舒服。人们勉强穿着一种笨重、庞大、僵硬、粗糙或透湿性差的服装，而且除非穿着这种服装，否则它无法提供防护。本发明涉及一种用于防护服的、基本组成为聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)纤维的机织织物。
本发明的目的是提供一种用芳族酰胺纺的纱织成的机织织物(或面料)，以及用所述的织物制成的防护服。所制成的防护服与现有技术的防护服相比较具有着许多的优点。该织物的基本组成为未结晶的聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)短纤维，每根丝的纤度为0.89-1.7分特(0.8-1.5旦(dpf))，所述织物的单位重量为135.8-271.24克/米2(4.0-8盎司/平方码(oz/yd2))，其构造如下：
组织：平纹或斜纹
棉纱支数：62.6/2公制支数(37/2cc)或更细
经纱密度(根纱/2.54厘米(1英寸))：75-125
纬纱密度(根纱/2.54厘米(1英寸))：至少为经纱密度的40％但不多于80％。
本发明的织物的每厘米抗弯刚度(B)不大于0.09克力(gf)厘米2/厘米，剪切挺度(G)不大于0.8克力/厘米·度，表面糙度(SMD)不大于8.0微米，瞬时热损失峰值(Qmax)为至少12瓦/米2·℃(W/m2·℃)，全都按如下所述测定。
技术上众所周知的是，某些织物特征可转换成当这样的织物制成服装时可以预期的舒适水平。难题在于用于防护服的纤维的高单位重量织物上获得这些特征。所考虑的织物的单位重量为135.8-271.24克/米2(4.0盎司/码2至8盎司/码2)，且是从基本组成为聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)MPD-I短纤维的纱编织的。如果希望，多达10％(重量)的这类纤维可用其它纤维例如能提供抗开裂性能、抗静电性能等的对芳族酰胺纤维、抗静电纤维等代替，只要该织物用于防护最终用途的价值不受到过分损害即可。
所采用的MPD-I短纤维的单丝纤度为0.89-1.7分特(0.8至1.5旦(dpf))，所纺的纱支是62.6/2公制支数(37/2cc)或更细。此外，纤维不应经过那些倾向于使纤维结晶的处理，因为这将增加抗弯刚度。所谓“不结晶”系指不采取积极步骤使之具有结晶度，然而，这并不是说该纤维没有任何结晶度。
本发明有机织织物具有不平衡构造，更具体地说，纬纱(F)密度应不大经纱密度的80％。组织可以是平纹的，或较好地是一种3×1斜纹。经纱(W)密度可以从75至125根纱/2.54厘米(1英寸)，而纬纱密度应是至少40根纱/2.54厘米(1英寸)。
本发明的织物有如下特征：相当低有抗弯刚度，剪切硬挺度和表面糙度，同时提供良好的渗湿性和导热性。
           测试和测定
织物手感性能是用Kawabata评估系统(KES)测定的。KES是一种用一套非常灵敏的仪器测定织物机械性能和表面性能的方法，该仪器详见Kawabata，S.，“手感评估的标准化和分析”，日本纺织机械学会，1980年7月，第2版，日本大阪，并由Kato Tekko公司(日本京都)制造。热参数Qmax涉及人体皮肤与一平整表面接触时对冷/暖感觉的感受。用“Thermolabo”进行Qmax测定的原理和实验步骤详见《日本纺织机械学会志))，37，T130(1984)，Kawabata，S.，和“应用新型热测试仪‘Thermolabo’评估衣物舒适性”，S.Kawabata，R.Postle和M.Niwa编，日本纺织机械学会，1985。本项工作采用了KES-FB系列仪器。以下给出测试方法的说明。所有这些测试都可以用单一的20厘米×20厘米样品进行。弯曲性能和剪切硬挺度性能是用洗涤过的织物测定的，以消除那些通常为有利于裁剪和缝纫而添加的水溶性硬挺度增效助剂的任何影响。织物是用AATCC方法135洗涤和干燥的。所有其它性能都是在洗涤前对成品织物进行测定的。
弯曲测试仪
在这种仪器中，把试样固定在两个相距1厘米的卡盘上(一个静止，一个可移动)。以恒定的曲率变化速度，使试样在曲率K＝-2.5和2.5(厘米-1)之间进行纯弯曲。速度是0.50(厘米-1)/秒。试样的固定端在一根棒条上，棒的两端也受到钢琴弦的支撑。弯曲形变所引起的弯矩由这个转矩测量机构测定，曲率则通过测量曲柄的旋转角来检测。通过一个电信号电路系统，把弯矩和曲率送到一台x-y记录仪上绘图。弯矩对曲率2的曲线的斜率就是抗弯刚度(B)，并用如下方程表示：
M＝B×K＋HB
式中M是织物每单位宽度的弯矩(克力×厘米/厘米)
K是曲率(厘米-1)
B是每单位宽度的抗弯刚度(克力×厘米2/厘米)
HB是当K＝O时的截距，也是滞后现象的量度。所报告的抗弯刚度B是两个斜率的平均值。其中之一，Bf是当织物在外侧随其表面弯曲时M-K曲线的斜率。另一个是当织物随其背面向外侧弯曲时类似直线的梯度Bg。因此，B＝(Bf＋Bg)/2。对于机织织物来说，抗弯刚度B是用以上步骤对经纱方向和纬纱方向测定的，并报告经纱方向和纬纱方向的平均值。
剪切测试仪
使用同一台仪器进行KES系统的剪切测试和张力测试。试样用两个20厘米长、相距5厘米的卡盘(A和B)夹紧。卡盘之一(B)固定在一个滑动基座上，该基座可以向后移动进行张力测试，也可以向侧面移动进行剪切测试。另一个卡盘固定到一个4厘米直径的圆鼓上，后者连接到一台转矩检测仪进行剪切测量。用一个固定在鼓上的
Figure C9310504000061
码给该织物施加一个恒定的张力(10克力/厘米)。这个鼓是通过张力测试卡盘固定的，但可以与之脱离而旋转。剪切力是通过一个沿剪切方向与卡盘B连接的能量转换器检测的。在给织物施加一恒定张力之后，卡盘B便由一个同步马达驱动，在与拉伸应力方向垂直的方向上以恒定速度移动。剪切应变由一台电位计检测。当卡盘B滑动8度剪切角时，马达就自动反转。剪切速度是0.417毫米/秒，剪切应变速度是0.00834/秒。剪切力对剪切角曲线用一台x-y绘图仪绘制。剪切硬挺度G是这条曲线的斜率。G定义为(每单位长度的剪切力/切剪角)。它的单位中克力/厘米·度。斜率是在剪切角0.5°和5.0°之间测定的。
表面测试仪
用KES表面测试仪测定表面糙度。测定表面糙度的探针是由一根弯成U形的0.5毫米直径的铜质钢琴弦制成的。
20厘米×20厘米的织物用一个卡盘紧扣在一个缠绕鼓上，另一端夹到一个用铰链固定于一端的称重臂的端部。称重臂使得在进行测量时能在织物中保持固定张力。为了进行表面糙度测定，把铜琴弦探针合降落到样品上，并把弹簧张力调节到10克标准力。用同步马达驱动该鼓旋转，在一个方向上以1毫米/秒的速度使样品移动3厘米，然后使该马达以同样的速度反转，返回到起始位置。样品表面糙度引起的探针的上下移动用能量转换器检测和积分。在织物移动的3厘米中，每端的0.5厘米不计入分析，以避免过渡状态的信号。这是通过仅在每个方向上织物移动的最初0.5厘米和最后0.5厘米之间向积分仪提供输入电压实现的。
记录到该接触器离开一标准位置的垂直位移为Z(厘米)，表面糙度(SMD)用对Z的平均偏差表示。 SMD = 1 L max ∫ 0 L max ( z - z - ) dL 式中Lmax代表扫描长度。
Qmax的Thermolabo测试义
Thermolabo仪器由三个主要部件组成：T-Box，BT-Box和Water-Box。T-Box是一块附着在一个隔热材料块上的3厘米×3厘米薄铜板。铜板温度的变化由附着于该铜板背面的、响应速度高的温度传感器测定的。BT-Box是一块能从高温控制到高达60℃的隔热板。Water-Box是一块恒温板，其中通以恒温水。这被视为一个具有无限容量的热容器。在对薄织物进行“Qmax”测试期间，且当对房间温度和湿度进行控制时，用苯乙烯泡沫塑料板代替Water-Box。
Qmax测定
首先，放置“T-Box”，使铜板面朝上，来感受室温。然后，把BT-Box设定在比T-Box高10℃的温度。把BT-Box上防护加热器也设定在同一温度。当BT-Box防护加热器的温度达到设定温度时，把T-Box成朝下放在BT-Box上，直到它的温度达到BT-Box温度。然后，把织物样品放在笨乙烯泡沫塑料板上或Water-Box上。当室温受控时，可以使用苯乙烯泡沫塑料板。如果不控制室温，则应使用达某一控制温度的Water-Box。为进行Qmax测定，把T-Box从BT-Box上取下来，立即放到已于室温平衡的样品上。从T-Box传给织物的瞬时热损失峰值就是Qmax，而且是从T-Box的温度测定的，后者再由如下所示的模拟电路转换成Qmax：
Qmax测量只需很短的时间，峰值典型地是在测试开始后约0.2秒达到的。
下列实例(除对照例外)是对本发明的举例说明，不要解释成限制。
实例
在以下表1中所列的每一个实例中，用MPD-I短纤维(未结晶)所纺的纱织成一种染色的织物。这些纱是两股纱。纤维的纤度[分特/单丝或旦值(dpf)]和纱的规格列于表中，表中还列出其组织、经纱和纬纱密度，及织物单位重量。给出了所形成的每一种织物的舒适性特征。要注意的是，对照织物A、B和C具有所不希望的糙度和差的Qmax，同时，织物C和G值也有缺陷。
                                   表1
                对照A      对照B          对照C         实例1       实例2         实例3单丝纤度，分特(旦值(dpf))        1.9(1.7)    1.9(1.7)      1.9(1.7)      1.4(1.3)    1.4(1.3)      1.1(1.0)纱支，公制支数(cc)           44/2(26/2)  55.9/2(33/2)  47.4/2(28/2)  66/2(39/2)  66/2(39/2)    66/2(39/2)组织               平纹        平纹          平纹          平纹        3×1          3×1经×纬纱密度，根纱/2.54厘米(根纱/英寸)        44×44      68×48        56×56        84×45      115×52       110×72织物重量，克/米2(盎司/码2)        166.0(4.9)  183.1(5.4)    203.4(6.0)    172.9(5.1)  233.9(6.9)    240.7(7.1)Qmax，瓦/米2·℃  10.0        10.9          10.5          14.0        13.5          14.0表面糙度(SMD)，微米               12.9        8.3           8.7           5.7         7.7           4.2抗弯刚度，克力-厘米2/厘米        0.07        0.08          0.09          0.06        0.08          0.08剪切硬挺度，克力/厘米·度      0.5         0.5           1.7           0.3         0.4           0.7尚未列出对照例来说明使用结晶纤维制备织物的有害影响。然而，已经进行过测试，结果表明，这样的织物的表面糙度、抗弯刚度和剪切力值无法与本发明的舒适水准相提并论。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于防护服的机织织物，其基本组成为纤度为0.89～1.7分特/单丝(0.8-1.5旦)的未结晶聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)短纤维纺的纱；所述织物的单位重量为135.8～271.24克/米2(4.0-8盎司/平方码)，构造如下：
组织：平纹或斜纹；
纱支：62.6/2公制支数(37/2CC)或更细；
经纱密度：75-125根纱/2.54厘米；
纬纱密度：至少40根纱/2.54厘米，但不大于经纱密度的80％。
2.权利要求1的机织织物，其特征在于该织物的组织是一种3×1斜纹织物。
3.一种防护服，其特征在于所述防护服是由权利要求1的机织织物制成的。
CN93105040A 1992-06-16 1993-05-08 用于制防护服的芳族酰胺织物及防护服 Expired - Lifetime CN1032321C (zh)

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US07/899,281 US5202086A (en) 1992-06-16 1992-06-16 Aramid fabric for garments of improved comfort
US899,281 1992-06-16

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DE69305164D1 (de) 1996-11-07
KR100250896B1 (ko) 2000-04-01
CA2137774A1 (en) 1993-12-23
CA2137774C (en) 2003-04-15
WO1993025741A1 (en) 1993-12-23
ES2092829T3 (es) 1996-12-01
EP0646191A1 (en) 1995-04-05
AU4410593A (en) 1994-01-04
TW279909B (zh) 1996-07-01
AU667382B2 (en) 1996-03-21
DE69305164T2 (de) 1997-02-20
CN1084588A (zh) 1994-03-30
MX9302211A (es) 1993-12-01
JP3293628B2 (ja) 2002-06-17
JPH07507848A (ja) 1995-08-31
US5202086A (en) 1993-04-13
KR950701993A (ko) 1995-05-17

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