WO1993024300A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un article lamelle renfermant une electrode - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un article lamelle renfermant une electrode Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1993024300A1
WO1993024300A1 PCT/GB1993/001046 GB9301046W WO9324300A1 WO 1993024300 A1 WO1993024300 A1 WO 1993024300A1 GB 9301046 W GB9301046 W GB 9301046W WO 9324300 A1 WO9324300 A1 WO 9324300A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
electrode
article
bonding
bond
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1993/001046
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Willy Maurice Van Esch
Original Assignee
N.V. Raychem S.A.
Raychem Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by N.V. Raychem S.A., Raychem Limited filed Critical N.V. Raychem S.A.
Publication of WO1993024300A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993024300A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/10—Removing layers, or parts of layers, mechanically or chemically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
    • B29C61/0608—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
    • B29C61/0625—Preforms comprising incorporated or associated heating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of making a laminated article that has an electrode sandwiched between a first layer and a second layer of the article.
  • the article may itself function as a heater, or the heating layer may be provided to supply heat to the article itself for some reason, for example, where the article is a heat-recoverable article, to effect heat recovery of the article.
  • a heat recoverable article is one whose dimensional configuration can be made to change substantially when subjected to heat treatment.
  • a heat recoverable article will usually recover towards an original shape from which it has previously been deformed but the term as used herein also includes articles which adopt a new configuration when subjected to heat treatment, even if it has not previously been deformed.
  • EP-0245067 A N V Raychem S A B129
  • This comprises a layer of heat recoverable polymeric material for forming a bond between the recoverable material and an object, and an aperture laminar metal heating element (e.g. in the form of a mesh) built in or between the layers. When heat is applied by the metal element it causes the recoverable material to deform the heating element and force the bonding material against the object.
  • an aperture laminar metal heating element e.g. in the form of a mesh
  • a typical electrode, described in EP-0245067 is in the form of a piece of a foil or a braid.
  • the electrode must be fixed to the metal heating element in some way.
  • One way of doing this is to expose part of the heating element after it has been laminated with the layers of heat recoverable material and of bonding material, by removal of a portion of one of those layers e.g. by scraping, or solvent.
  • This method which is described in EP- 245067, is successful, but must be carried out carefully to avoid damaging the heating element.
  • Another way of connecting the electrode to the heating element is to laminate it between the heating element, and either the bonding layer or the recoverable layer as part of the lamination step, and arranging for the electrode to project beyond the edges of the other layers so it can easily be connected to a power source. While this again is a successful process, it requires the lamination procedure to be set up to produce finished articles of a predetermined size. In contrast, if the electroding stage is the final stage it means that large sized laminated articles can be made on a single machine run, cut to desired field installation sizes at a later stage, and then electroded as appropriate. Thus inventory is reduced and machine efficiency increased.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a method of making a laminated article that has an elongate electrode sandwiched between a first layer and a second layer of the article, the method comprising:
  • One or more electrodes may be applied in this way. Typically two electrodes are applied, one of which is connected in use to a positive terminal of a power supply, and the other of which is connected to a negative terminal of a power supply.
  • the surface area of the electrode in contact with the first layer is much smaller than the overall surface area of the first layer, e.g. the elongate electrode extends along one strip of the rectilinear sheet first layer. Therefore only that portion of the first layer in contact with (or in the immediate vicinity of) the electrode is pulled away from the second layer, and over the remaining surface area the first layer remains bonded to the second layer.
  • first layer and second layer do not preclude each of them comprising two or more layers, that may be for example laminated together.
  • One of the first and second layers preferably comprises a heat recoverable layer.
  • the other of the first and second layers preferably comprises a layer of a bonding material for forming a bond between the heat recoverable layer and an object to be covered.
  • the layer of bonding material may be of the type described in EP-0245067. Details of suitable materials are described later in this specification.
  • one of the first and second layers also comprises an electrically conductive layer.
  • an electrically conductive layer This is preferably of the type described in EP- 0245067, i.e. a laminar metal heating element having a plurality of apertures through its thickness to permit the element to be deformed in its plane by a change in shape of the apertures, e.g. a metal mesh or brass, aluminium, copper, steel, bronze or nickel.
  • the electrically conductive layer is positioned on that surface of the first or second layer so that in the finished article it is positioned between at least part of the heat recoverable layer and at least part of the layer of bonding material (although not necessarily in direct contact with either), and is in electrical contact with the electrode.
  • a further layer which we shall call a connection layer may be included.
  • connection layer is described in EP-0245067 where it is similarly described as a connection layer. More details about his composition are given later.
  • the said first layer preferably comprises a bonding layer laminated to a connection layer
  • the second layer preferably comprises an apertured copper mesh heating conductive layer bonded to a heat recoverable polymeric layer.
  • the layers are preferably initially bonded to each other so that they appear in the following sequential order: heat recoverable layer, mesh heating layer, connection layer, bonding layer.
  • the layers may be relatively bonded to each other in any order timewise, or subsequently simultaneously.
  • the connection layer is first bonded to the connection layer, then the mesh bonded to the previously bonded connection layer, and then the heat recoverable layer bonded over the mesh.
  • Heat is preferably applied to form the bonded laminate structure. The heat is preferably applied by infra-red heaters. Pressure may also be applied.
  • the electrode may also be simultaneously applied or may be subsequently applied to the free surface of the bonding layer so it is bonded thereto. This is preferably achieved by electrical heating and pressure, as described in more detail below. Then the electrode is pulled away from the layers, taking the underlying region of bonding layer and connection layer with it. The removed piece is then turned over (i.e. inverted) and replaced in the position from which is was removed. The result is therefore that in the region the order is connection layer, bonding layer, electrode, conductive mesh, heat recoverable layer. This means that immediately beneath the electrode the innermost layer (if the article is to be used to cover a substrate) is not the bonding layer.
  • the bonding layer flows, from the area of the article on either side of the removed/ inverted /replaced electrode region, to cover the region of the inner surface where bonding material is missing. If desired, additional bonding material can be applied to cover that region.
  • Polymeric materials that may be used for the heat recoverable layer, and for fusion bonding layer include, for example polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, copolymers of ethylene, propylene, butene and hexene, copolymers of ethylene with ethyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic esters or methacrylic esters in which polyethylene predominates, blends of these polymers, and blends of these polymers with elastomers.
  • a particularly preferred material for the layer of heat-recoverable material comprises polyethylene especially a high density polyethylene.
  • Particularly preferred materials for the layer of fusion bonding material include polyethylene, ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer, and ethylene ethyl- a ⁇ ylate copolymer.
  • a softenable polymer for example the ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer sold under the trademark DPD 6181 can be used.
  • the connection layer may be lightly cross-linked to minimise risk of delamination when heated to effect recovery.
  • heat and pressure are preferably applied.
  • heat is preferably applied by infra red heaters.
  • Pressure may be applied by platens, e.g. with pressures of from 5 to 20 bar.
  • pressure in the range 5 to 20 bar, preferably 8 to 12 bar is preferably applied using a platen press. The pressure is preferably applied for a minimum of 20 seconds. While this pressure is applied, heat is preferably also supplied.
  • the pressed /heated laminate is then preferably allowed to cool for a period before the electrode and that portion of the first layer in contact with the electrode is pulled away from the second layer.
  • the laminate may simply be allowed to cool for the period, or may be actively cooled, e.g. by a water cooling system.
  • the cooling period is at least 7 seconds and at most 15 seconds, preferably about 10 seconds.
  • the electrode may take any suitable form.
  • it may be in the form of a solid bus bar.
  • the electrode is in the form of a metallic braid, e.g. comprising copper or brass.
  • the electrode is flexible.
  • the electrode since the method is applicable to applying one or more electrodes in a laminate structure. It will be appreciated that in general there will be more than one electrode, typically a pair (connected to positive and negative terminals of a power source) or pairs of electrodes.
  • the electrode comprises a braided material filled with a polymeric material.
  • Any of the materials suggested for the bonding material are suitable for use as the filling material for the braid.
  • the advantage of using a filling material is to enhance water or moisture impermeability which might impair electrical behaviour, or be otherwise disadvantageous.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an article at an intermediate stage in the process of the present invention
  • Figure 2a is a cross-sectional view through part of the article of Figure 1; and Figure 2b is a cross-sectional view through the same part of the article at a subsequent stage in the process;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view through the same part of the article as shown in Figure 2, at the end of the process of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the article that is partly shown in Figure 3; and Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an application of the article shown in Figures 1-4.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a laminate structure of several generally rectangular layers.
  • a heat recoverable polyethylene backing layer 2 is bonded to and through an electrically conductive copper mesh 4. Bonded on the other side of, and through the mesh 4 is a connection layer 6 comprising a lightly beamed EEA, and to that is bonded a bonding layer 8 comprising a non-cross-linked EEA.
  • the heat recoverable backing layer is recoverable by shrinkage in the direction indicated in Figure 1 by arrow R.
  • Two electrodes 10 extend along opposite edges of the bonding layer in a direction substantially perpendicular to the recovery direction R.
  • the individual layers 2, 4, 6 and 8 of the laminate, and the electrodes 10 are subjected to a temperature of 80-200°C and a pressure of 20000N/ cm 2 to form the initial laminate structure as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the electrodes 10 project at their far ends 12 beyond the edges of the laminate structure.
  • each electrode 10 is pulled away from the laminate.
  • the bond between the electrode 10 and the bonding material 6 and connection layer 8 is greater than the bond between the connection layer 6 and the mesh 4. Therefore the region of layers 6 and 5 in contact with the electrodes are also pulled away with the electrode (see Figure 2b).
  • Electrode 10 is inverted and replaced inverted in the region from which it is withdrawn. Again it is subjected to pressure and temperature, similar to that already described, to bond the electrode in place between the polymeric layers 6 and 8 and the mesh 4.
  • the resulting structure as shown in Figures 3 and 4 comprises electrodes 10 in contact with mesh layer 4 and projecting beyond the edges of the rectangular laminate for easy connection to a power source.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the article of Figure 4, designated by the general reference numeral 20, wrapped around a joint between district heating pipes 22 and a central casing 24.
  • Each pipe 22 comprises a central steel pipe 26, foam insulation 28 and a polyethylene jacket 30.
  • the electrodes 10 project beyond the edges of the article 20 and when connected to a source of electrical power cause the article 20 to heat and hence to shrink into contact with the pipes 22 and casing 24 to form a joint.
  • the pre- shrunk configuration of the article 20 is shown on the left of Figure 5, and the shrunk configuration 20' is shown on the right of the Figure 5. Heating is supplied via the mesh 4.
  • the connection layer 8 supports the mesh on heating and impedes movement or "floating" of the mesh during the shrinkable process.
  • connection layer is not in contact with the mesh in the region immediately below the electrode, it is in contact over the remainder of the article, so that function of the connection layer is only slightly impaired.
  • bonding layer 6 is not on the inner surface immediately below the electrode 10. However on heating and shrinking the bonding material from the adjacent regions of the inner surface melts and flows to form a good bond.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un article lamellé destiné à être alimenté en électricité et chauffé par au moins une électrode (10) prise en sandwich entre la première et la seconde couche dudit article. Ledit procédé consiste à coller une électrode sur la surface extérieure de la première couche (6, 8), à enlever ladite électrode et la région adjacente de la première couche du reste de l'article, et à inverser l'électrode et la première couche ainsi enlevées afin d'obtenir une structure sandwich.
PCT/GB1993/001046 1992-05-22 1993-05-21 Procede de fabrication d'un article lamelle renfermant une electrode WO1993024300A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929210954A GB9210954D0 (en) 1992-05-22 1992-05-22 Method of making an electroded laminated article
GB9210954.5 1992-05-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993024300A1 true WO1993024300A1 (fr) 1993-12-09

Family

ID=10715910

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1993/001046 WO1993024300A1 (fr) 1992-05-22 1993-05-21 Procede de fabrication d'un article lamelle renfermant une electrode

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB9210954D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993024300A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010110829A1 (fr) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Raytheon Company Matériau à changement de forme et procédé de chauffage de celui-ci
US7939178B2 (en) 2008-05-14 2011-05-10 Raytheon Company Shape-changing structure with superelastic foam material
US8016249B2 (en) 2008-05-14 2011-09-13 Raytheon Company Shape-changing structure member with embedded spring
US8382042B2 (en) 2008-05-14 2013-02-26 Raytheon Company Structure with reconfigurable polymer material
US8387536B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2013-03-05 Raytheon Company Interceptor vehicle with extendible arms
US8864065B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2014-10-21 Raytheon Company Chord-expanding air vehicle wings

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0052476A1 (fr) * 1980-11-18 1982-05-26 Ube Industries, Ltd. Procédé pour envelopper
EP0245067B1 (fr) * 1986-05-06 1990-09-12 N.V. Raychem S.A. Article de reprise thermique

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0052476A1 (fr) * 1980-11-18 1982-05-26 Ube Industries, Ltd. Procédé pour envelopper
EP0245067B1 (fr) * 1986-05-06 1990-09-12 N.V. Raychem S.A. Article de reprise thermique

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7939178B2 (en) 2008-05-14 2011-05-10 Raytheon Company Shape-changing structure with superelastic foam material
US8016249B2 (en) 2008-05-14 2011-09-13 Raytheon Company Shape-changing structure member with embedded spring
US8342457B2 (en) 2008-05-14 2013-01-01 Raytheon Company Shape-changing structure member with embedded spring
US8382042B2 (en) 2008-05-14 2013-02-26 Raytheon Company Structure with reconfigurable polymer material
US8387536B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2013-03-05 Raytheon Company Interceptor vehicle with extendible arms
WO2010110829A1 (fr) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Raytheon Company Matériau à changement de forme et procédé de chauffage de celui-ci
US8573535B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2013-11-05 Raytheon Company Shape-change material and method
US8864065B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2014-10-21 Raytheon Company Chord-expanding air vehicle wings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9210954D0 (en) 1992-07-08

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