WO1993024055A1 - Method of quantitative determination of bone salt with ct equipment - Google Patents
Method of quantitative determination of bone salt with ct equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993024055A1 WO1993024055A1 PCT/JP1993/000698 JP9300698W WO9324055A1 WO 1993024055 A1 WO1993024055 A1 WO 1993024055A1 JP 9300698 W JP9300698 W JP 9300698W WO 9324055 A1 WO9324055 A1 WO 9324055A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- value
- bone mineral
- scan
- blood
- equivalent
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000013558 reference substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 10
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000000709 aorta Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004705 lumbosacral region Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
- A61B6/505—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of bone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/88—Lyases (4.)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating thereof
- A61B6/582—Calibration
- A61B6/583—Calibration using calibration phantoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for quantitatively measuring bone mineral in a CT scanner. More specifically, a water equivalent substance (a substance having an X-ray transmittance equivalent to water) is replaced with a bone mineral equivalent reference substance (an X-ray transmittance is equivalent to bone mineral). Scan multiple samples with different ratios of the same reference material) together with the target site, and refer to the CT values (CT number) of the multiple samples with different densities of the bone mineral equivalent reference material to determine the target site.
- CT values CT number
- Quantitative measurement of bone mineral is used for diagnosis of osteoporosis and the like.
- the phantom ⁇ contains a plurality of sample rods S 1 in which a water equivalent substance having an X-ray transmittance equivalent to water and a bone mineral equivalent reference substance having an X-ray transmittance equivalent to bone mineral are mixed at different ratios. , S 2,... are loaded.
- a regression line e that shows the relationship between the T value and the bone mineral density of the bone mineral equivalent reference material as shown in Fig. 9 is calculated.
- the X axis is bone mineral density and the y axis is CT value.
- the CT value of the target bone marrow in the cross-sectional image data is detected.
- the bone mineral density of bone marrow is calculated based on the CT value and the regression line e.
- the bone mineral density calculated based on the regression line e may be inconsistent with the fact.
- the regression line of the scan with the tube voltage of the X-ray tube set at 80 kV is e80
- the CT value of the bone marrow is Aq80
- the bone mineral density obtained therefrom is x80.
- the regression line by scanning at a voltage of 140 kV be e 140
- the CT value of the bone marrow be A q 140
- the bone mineral density obtained from them be x 140.
- the bone mineral density Xt force which should be constant irrespective of the difference in tube voltage, becomes X80 and X140, and does not become constant. Such a result is considered to include some error factors.
- one of the error factors is a decrease in CT value due to fat.Assuming the decrease in CT value due to fat as af, the deviation of bone mineral density measurement at each tube voltage from the original bone mineral density Xt is calculated. When calculated, it should be x80> xl40, as shown in Figure 11. This is inconsistent with the results shown in FIG. Therefore, the calculation of bone mineral density as shown in Fig. 10 seems to have some error factors other than fat, but it was not clear what the error factors were. Therefore, it was not possible to eliminate the error factors due to fat. Disclosure of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for quantitatively measuring bone mineral which has been improved so as to obtain a bone mineral density more suited to the actual situation.
- the method for quantitatively measuring bone mineral in the CT apparatus is based on a method in which a water equivalent substance (a substance having an X-ray transmittance equivalent to water) and a bone mineral equivalent reference substance (a reference substance having an X-ray transmittance equivalent to bone mineral) are used. Scans a plurality of samples mixed at different ratios together with the target site, and determines the bone mineral density at the target site by referring to the CT values of the samples having different densities of the bone mineral equivalent reference material.
- the CT value due to the water equivalent substance was calculated for each sample CT value of each sample having a different density of bone mineral equivalent reference material from the CT value of the blood in the cross-sectional image data obtained by scanning.
- the corrected CT value of each sample is calculated by replacing the CT value of a blood equivalent reference material (a reference material having an X-ray transmittance equivalent to that of blood), and the bone of the target site is calculated based on the corrected CT value of each sample.
- Determine salt density It is an aspect of the configuration of.
- Another quantitative measurement method of bone mineral in the CT apparatus of the present invention is to measure the X-ray tube voltage.
- a plurality of scans with different densities were performed, and for each CT value in each scan of each sample having a different density of the bone mineral equivalent reference material, the CT value attributed to the water equivalent material included in those CT values was calculated.
- the corrected CT value of each sample in each scan was calculated by substituting the CT value of blood or blood equivalent reference material in the cross-sectional image data obtained by the scan, and the corrected CT value and bone mineral density in each scan were calculated. Determine the relationship between the bone mineral density of the reference material and use these relationships and the CT value of the target site by each scan to determine the bone mineral density of the target site while correcting the deviation of the CT value of the target site. It is characterized by the following.
- a CT value caused by the water equivalent material among the CT values can be obtained by scanning. Calculate the corrected CT value of each sample replaced with the CT value of the blood or the CT value of the blood equivalent reference material in the cross-sectional image data.
- the corrected CT value of each sample is a value corrected with blood or a blood equivalent reference material so as to more accurately reproduce the soft tissue serving as the target site.
- a corrected CT value is obtained by a plurality of tube voltages, and a bone mineral density at a target site is determined while correcting a CT value shift due to fat or the like, whereby a more accurate bone mineral density value is obtained. Can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the method for quantitatively measuring bone mineral according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary view of a phantom used in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an illustration of a cross-sectional image according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an illustration of a regression line according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an illustration of a regression line according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of another method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an apparatus for performing the method for quantitatively measuring bone mineral according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an exemplary view of a phantom for quantitative measurement of bone mineral.
- FIG. 9 is an illustration of a regression line obtained by a conventional method for quantitatively measuring bone mineral.
- FIG. 10 is an exemplary diagram of a regression line obtained by a conventional method for quantitatively measuring bone mineral.
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of an error due to fat in the method for quantitatively measuring bone mineral.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a CT apparatus 1 for performing the method for quantitatively measuring bone mineral according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the X-ray tube 3 and the detector 4 are housed in a gantry 2 and are rotated integrally by a gantry rotating device 7.
- the detector 4 detects the X-ray intensity transmitted through the subject K.
- the X-ray generation control circuit 5 is connected to the X-ray tube 3 and controls the generation and pause of X-rays and the tube voltage of the X-ray tube.
- the detector control circuit 6 controls the timing at which the detector 4 operates.
- the table 8 carries the subject K and is moved linearly by the table moving device 9.
- the data collection device 10 collects the projection data from the detector 4.
- the image reconstruction device 11 performs image reconstruction based on the projection data of the data collection device 10 and outputs cross-sectional image data.
- the bone mineral measuring device 12 performs a process according to the present invention, which will be described later, based on the cross-sectional image data obtained by the image reconstruction device 11, and measures the bone mineral density at the target site.
- the data storage device 13 stores the cross-sectional image data of the image reconstruction device 11 and the data measured by the bone mineral measurement device 12.
- the display device 14 displays a cross-sectional image based on the cross-sectional image data of the image reconstructing device 11, and displays the bone mineral density at the target site based on the data measured by the bone mineral measuring device 12. indicate.
- the system controller 20 includes an X-ray generation control circuit 5, a detector control circuit 6, a gantry rotating device 7, a table moving device 9, a data collection device 10, an image reconstruction device 11, a bone mineral measuring device 1. 2. Send and receive necessary signals to / from data storage device 13 and display device 14.
- the operating device 30 is Command or the like.
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary view of a phantom used for quantitative measurement of bone mineral according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- This phantom P consists of multiple sample rods S 1, S 2, in which a water equivalent substance with an X-ray transmittance of water and a bone mineral equivalent reference material with an X-ray transmittance of bone mineral are mixed at different ratios. ... can be loaded.
- sample rod S1 is the lowest density sample rod
- the bone mineral equivalent reference material has a density of OmgZc c (ie only water equivalents).
- the bone mineral equivalent reference material is, for example, calcium hydroxyapatite, potassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate and the like. Further, the phantom P is equipped with a sample rod Sr of a blood equivalent reference substance having the same X-ray transmittance as blood.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for quantitatively measuring bone mineral according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the target portion is the third lumbar vertebra.
- step D1 a scan is performed for the set scan cross section, and cross section image data is obtained.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a cross-sectional image based on the cross-sectional image data.
- h shows the image of the contour of the lumbar region
- q shows the image of the third lumbar vertebra.
- R indicates an image of the aorta.
- step D2 CT values Al, A2,... Of sample rods SI, S2,.
- step D3 the CT value of blood or blood equivalent reference material is detected. That is, the CT value Ar of either the blood r of the aorta or the sample port Sr of the blood equivalent reference substance in the cross-sectional image data is detected.
- the sample rod Sr is unnecessary.
- step D5 the corrected CT value and the bone mineral density of the bone mineral equivalent reference material are calculated from the calculated corrected CT value B1, B2, ... and the density pl, p2, ... of the known bone mineral equivalent reference material.
- the regression line F: y H + G ⁇ X as shown in Fig. 4 showing the relationship with the density is calculated by the least square method or the like.
- the X axis is bone mineral density and the y axis is CT value. Note that the y-axis intercept H coincides with the CT value Ar in the error range, and G is the slope of the straight line.
- step D6 the CT value Aq of the third lumbar vertebra q is detected.
- Step D7 the bone mineral density of the third lumbar vertebra q is calculated from the CT value Aq of the third lumbar vertebra Q and the regression line F.
- the deviation of the bone mineral density X due to the difference in the tube voltage is smaller than the conventional method, and the bone mineral density measurement can be performed with higher accuracy.
- AQ80 is the CT value of the target site (third lumbar vertebra q) by the scan.
- X80 is the bone mineral density obtained from them.
- H80, G80, H140, and G140 indicate the y-axis intercept and the slope of the regression lines F80, F140, respectively.
- the two-dot chain The regression lines f80 and f140 of the lines were calculated using the CT value Ai of each sample as is, without using the corrected CT value Bi of each sample, for comparison. e 80 and el 40 (see Fig. 9).
- Steps D1 to D7 the difference between the bone mineral densities X80 and X140 due to the difference in the tube voltage was smaller than before. As described above, the error is small regardless of the measurement at any tube voltage, and the bone mineral density measurement can be performed with higher accuracy by correcting the blood-caused error factor.
- step D2 and step D3 may be reversed, and these may be between step D1 and step D4.
- step D6 may be in any order as long as it is between step D1 and step D7.
- the phantom P was loaded with a sample port Sf of a fat equivalent reference substance in addition to the sample ports Sr, S2, ... of the blood equivalent reference substance. Use things.
- the phantom P is laid under the waist of the subject K, a scan section is set in the third lumbar vertebra, and the operator gives an instruction for quantitative measurement of bone mineral from the operating device 30. This process is executed.
- Step D1 is performed with two different tube voltages E1 and E2.
- two different cross-sectional image data are obtained by scanning the set scan cross section with two different tube voltages E 1 and E 2. These two scans are preferably performed at time intervals close to each other in order to reduce the displacement between the two images.
- Step D3 for detecting the CT value of blood or a blood equivalent reference material for the two kinds of cross-sectional image data is performed. That is, the CT value A r 1 of either the aorta r or the sample rod S r of the blood equivalent reference substance is detected from the cross-sectional image data at the tube voltage E 1, and the CT value A r is similarly determined at the tube voltage E 2. Detect 2 When detecting the CT value of the blood in the aorta r, the sample port S r of the blood equivalent reference material is unnecessary.
- / 0 i is the density of the bone mineral equivalent reference material of sample rod S i, and is the density / 01 of the water equivalent material, ie, sample rod S 1.
- Step D 6 is performed for the two types of cross-sectional images. That is, the CT values Aq1 and Aq2 of the third lumbar vertebra Q as the target site are detected for each image.
- Step D70 is executed instead of Step D7. That is, the intercepts HI and H2 and the gradients Gl and G2 of the two regression lines, the CT values Af1 and Af2 of the sample rod Sf of the fat equivalent reference substance in the two kinds of cross-sectional images, the aorta r, or the blood From the CT values A r 1 and A r 2 of the two cross-sectional images of the sample port S r of the equivalent reference substance and the CT values Aq 1 and Aq 2 of the target site in the two cross-sectional images, the blood And the bone mineral density X of the target site corrected for the shift due to fat as follows: ": tij" 3.
- H 1 and H 2 may be used instead of A rl and Ar 2.
- an error factor due to blood is corrected, thereby enabling an error factor due to fat to be corrected, and a highly accurate bone mineral density measurement in which both error factors are corrected becomes possible.
- the CT value excluding the effect of fat is Aq1-af, Aq2-af, which satisfies the two regression lines Assuming that the correct bone mineral density is X, the following equation holds.
- Step D2 and Step D3 may be reversed, and these may be between Step D1 and Step D4.
- step D6 and step D60 may be interchanged, and these may be in any order as long as they are between step D1 and step D70.
- the processing is performed for two different tube voltages in each step. First, steps D1 to D60 are performed with one tube voltage, and then steps D1 to D60 are performed with another tube voltage. D60 may be executed, and then step 70 may be executed.
- the bone mineral density is determined based on a corrected CT value that corrects an error factor due to blood or the like so as to more accurately reproduce a target site. More accurate measurement results can be obtained.
- a corrected CT value is obtained by a plurality of tube voltages, and the influence of fat and the like is removed, so that a more accurate measurement result can be obtained.
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Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/343,510 US5521955A (en) | 1992-05-29 | 1993-05-25 | Method for quantitatively determining bone mineral mass by CT system |
DE69325908T DE69325908T2 (de) | 1992-05-29 | 1993-05-25 | Ct-vorrichtung zur quantitativen bestimmung des mineralgehaltes von knochen |
KR1019940704111A KR100258828B1 (ko) | 1992-05-29 | 1993-05-25 | Ct장치 |
EP93910395A EP0642761B1 (en) | 1992-05-29 | 1993-05-25 | Ct system for quantitatively determining bone mineral mass |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP13940492 | 1992-05-29 | ||
JP4/139404 | 1992-05-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993024055A1 true WO1993024055A1 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
Family
ID=15244474
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1993/000698 WO1993024055A1 (en) | 1992-05-29 | 1993-05-25 | Method of quantitative determination of bone salt with ct equipment |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5521955A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0642761B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2694674B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100258828B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69325908T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1993024055A1 (ja) |
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JP2014079406A (ja) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-05-08 | Hitachi Aloka Medical Ltd | 骨密度測定用アダプタ |
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JPS63240845A (ja) * | 1987-03-28 | 1988-10-06 | 株式会社東芝 | 骨塩定量測定装置 |
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US4233507A (en) * | 1979-05-07 | 1980-11-11 | General Electric Company | Computer tomography table containing calibration and correlation samples |
US4985906A (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1991-01-15 | Arnold Ben A | Calibration phantom for computer tomography system |
US4922915A (en) * | 1987-11-27 | 1990-05-08 | Ben A. Arnold | Automated image detail localization method |
JP2778707B2 (ja) * | 1988-11-16 | 1998-07-23 | 株式会社東芝 | 断層画像診断装置 |
FR2649883B1 (fr) * | 1989-07-20 | 1991-10-11 | Gen Electric Cgr | Procede de correction de la mesure de la densite osseuse dans un scanner |
FR2656697B1 (fr) * | 1989-12-29 | 1994-01-07 | General Electric Cgr Sa | Procede de mesure de la densite osseuse a l'aide d'un scanner. |
US5335260A (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-08-02 | Arnold Ben A | Calibration phantom and improved method of quantifying calcium and bone density using same |
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- 1993-05-25 WO PCT/JP1993/000698 patent/WO1993024055A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1993-05-25 KR KR1019940704111A patent/KR100258828B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-25 DE DE69325908T patent/DE69325908T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-25 US US08/343,510 patent/US5521955A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-25 JP JP6500392A patent/JP2694674B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-25 EP EP93910395A patent/EP0642761B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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JPS63240845A (ja) * | 1987-03-28 | 1988-10-06 | 株式会社東芝 | 骨塩定量測定装置 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009000205A (ja) * | 2007-06-20 | 2009-01-08 | Univ Of Tsukuba | Ct値−水等価厚変換装置および方法、これらに用いる記憶媒体、並びに放射線治療装置および方法 |
JP2014079406A (ja) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-05-08 | Hitachi Aloka Medical Ltd | 骨密度測定用アダプタ |
Also Published As
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KR100258828B1 (ko) | 2000-06-15 |
DE69325908T2 (de) | 1999-12-09 |
DE69325908D1 (de) | 1999-09-09 |
EP0642761A4 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
EP0642761A1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
US5521955A (en) | 1996-05-28 |
JP2694674B2 (ja) | 1997-12-24 |
EP0642761B1 (en) | 1999-08-04 |
JPH09504681A (ja) | 1997-05-13 |
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