WO1993020340A3 - Methods and device for assessing the operatability of a catalytic converter - Google Patents
Methods and device for assessing the operatability of a catalytic converter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993020340A3 WO1993020340A3 PCT/DE1993/000257 DE9300257W WO9320340A3 WO 1993020340 A3 WO1993020340 A3 WO 1993020340A3 DE 9300257 W DE9300257 W DE 9300257W WO 9320340 A3 WO9320340 A3 WO 9320340A3
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catalytic converter
- temperature
- operable
- conversion
- designed
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/007—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/157,089 US5675967A (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1993-03-20 | Method and arrangement for evaluating the operability of a catalytic converter |
JP5516961A JPH06508414A (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1993-03-20 | Method and apparatus for determining the functional capacity of a catalyst |
DE59301093T DE59301093D1 (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1993-03-20 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR EVALUATING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF A CATALYST. |
EP93905208A EP0587836B2 (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1993-03-20 | Methods and device for assessing the operatability of a catalytic converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4211092.0 | 1992-04-03 | ||
DE4211092A DE4211092A1 (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1992-04-03 | Method and device for assessing the functionality of a catalytic converter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993020340A2 WO1993020340A2 (en) | 1993-10-14 |
WO1993020340A3 true WO1993020340A3 (en) | 1994-01-06 |
Family
ID=6455904
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1993/000257 WO1993020340A2 (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1993-03-20 | Methods and device for assessing the operatability of a catalytic converter |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5675967A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0587836B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH06508414A (en) |
DE (2) | DE4211092A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993020340A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (72)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3331758B2 (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 2002-10-07 | 株式会社デンソー | Temperature control device for exhaust gas purifier |
DE4330997A1 (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 1995-03-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for monitoring the light-off performance of a catalytic converter system in a motor vehicle |
US5419122A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1995-05-30 | Ford Motor Company | Detection of catalytic converter operability by light-off time determination |
JP3244584B2 (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 2002-01-07 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Diagnosis method and apparatus for engine exhaust gas purification device |
DE4426020B4 (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 2005-07-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for monitoring the functionality of a catalyst in the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine |
US6523340B1 (en) * | 1995-02-10 | 2003-02-25 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for diagnosing engine exhaust gas purification system |
JP3456058B2 (en) * | 1995-02-10 | 2003-10-14 | 株式会社デンソー | Catalyst deterioration detection device and exhaust gas purification device abnormality detection device |
DE69521610T2 (en) | 1995-03-16 | 2002-05-08 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DEGRADATION OF A DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE OXYGEN CONTENT FOR A CATALYTIC DEVICE |
JP3239698B2 (en) * | 1995-07-25 | 2001-12-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Catalyst deterioration determination device for internal combustion engine |
DE19541903A1 (en) * | 1995-11-10 | 1997-05-15 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Monitoring system for the exhaust gas purification of an internal combustion engine |
JP3830568B2 (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 2006-10-04 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification catalyst deterioration detection method |
DE19645202B4 (en) * | 1995-12-23 | 2006-05-11 | Volkswagen Ag | Method for monitoring the conversion rate of an exhaust gas catalytic converter for an internal combustion engine |
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US5787705A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-08-04 | General Motors Corporation | Catalyst diagnostic |
US5722236A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-03-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Adaptive exhaust temperature estimation and control |
JP3262157B2 (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 2002-03-04 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel supply control device for internal combustion engine |
US5822979A (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-10-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Catalyst monitoring using a hydrocarbon sensor |
DE19714293C1 (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 1998-09-03 | Siemens Ag | Procedure for checking the convertibility of a catalytic converter |
DE19726791A1 (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 1999-01-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Method for monitoring the conversion rate of an exhaust gas catalytic converter for an internal combustion engine |
DE19736233C2 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2001-03-29 | Siemens Ag | Procedure for checking a catalyst |
US5996337A (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 1999-12-07 | Engelhard Corporation | Dynamic calorimetric sensor system |
DE19811574A1 (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-09-23 | Siemens Ag | Vehicle internal combustion (IC) engine catalyst functionability monitoring method |
US6202406B1 (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 2001-03-20 | Heralus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Method and apparatus for catalyst temperature control |
US6050128A (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 2000-04-18 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Catalyst deterioration monitoring |
US6131439A (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 2000-10-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Catalyst deterioration detection with sensor calibration |
US6354076B1 (en) * | 1998-07-16 | 2002-03-12 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purification system of internal combustion engine |
CN1166855C (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2004-09-15 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Method for judging deteriration of emission gas control catalyst device |
DE19835748A1 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2000-02-10 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Process for the simulated formation of a signal representing the current catalyst temperature |
US6651422B1 (en) | 1998-08-24 | 2003-11-25 | Legare Joseph E. | Catalyst efficiency detection and heating method using cyclic fuel control |
US7886523B1 (en) | 1998-08-24 | 2011-02-15 | Legare Joseph E | Control methods for improved catalytic converter efficiency and diagnosis |
US7707821B1 (en) | 1998-08-24 | 2010-05-04 | Legare Joseph E | Control methods for improved catalytic converter efficiency and diagnosis |
DE19850338C2 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2001-11-22 | Heraeus Electro Nite Int | Method and device for checking and monitoring the aging of a catalytic converter in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines and the emission of pollutants |
DE19907382A1 (en) * | 1999-02-20 | 2000-08-24 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Engine catalyser temperture estimation method uses temperature model for calculating catalyst temperature in dependence on measured or calculated exhaust gas temperature |
DE19933712A1 (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-05-17 | Volkswagen Ag | Method for controlling an operating mode of an internal combustion engine |
DE60027987T8 (en) * | 1999-11-09 | 2007-02-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo K.K. | Control system for an internal combustion engine |
DE19955947C2 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2002-04-11 | Heraeus Electro Nite Int | Process for checking the catalytic activity of a catalyst |
DE19955972C2 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2002-03-14 | Heraeus Electro Nite Int | Procedure for calibrating a temperature sensor |
DE19957185A1 (en) * | 1999-11-27 | 2001-05-31 | Volkswagen Ag | Controlling heating-up phase of catalyst arranged in exhaust gas channel of IC engine comprises determining engine load during heating-up phase and partially stopping heating measures in load phases |
JP4312325B2 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2009-08-12 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Degradation state evaluation method of exhaust gas purification catalyst device |
DE19963924A1 (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2001-07-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for operating a storage catalytic converter of an internal combustion engine |
DE19963925A1 (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2001-07-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for operating a storage catalytic converter of an internal combustion engine |
US6523341B1 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2003-02-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Cold start vehicle catalyst monitor |
DE10013893A1 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-09-27 | Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts | Method for checking the functionality of an exhaust gas purification catalytic converter |
DE10031924A1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Effectiveness checking method for heating catalytic converter in internal combustion engine, involves evaluating heating measure based on comparison result of catalytic converter temperature with predetermined value |
US6408616B1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-06-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Diesel OBD-II system for detection of degradation of catalyst activity |
US6363713B1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-04-02 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | On-board diagnostics for detecting the operation of diesel emissions control system |
DE10038461B4 (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2009-12-24 | Volkswagen Ag | Model for a NOx storage catalyst |
DE10065123B4 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2012-12-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling a diagnosis of a catalyst in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine |
US6668545B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2003-12-30 | General Motors Corporation | Catalyst warm-up assessment method for a motor vehicle catalytic converter |
US7121085B2 (en) * | 2001-09-04 | 2006-10-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method and apparatus for controlling hydrocarbon injection into engine exhaust to reduce NOx |
DE10300555B4 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2009-03-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota-shi | A deterioration determination device for an engine exhaust gas control device and deterioration determination method |
DE10248431A1 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-04-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for recognizing the loading of a particle filter |
DE10257172B4 (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2011-06-22 | Volkswagen AG, 38440 | Method for operating an internal combustion engine with a flexible adaptation of the component protection design |
DE10323247A1 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2004-12-09 | Umicore Ag & Co.Kg | Method for operating a drive system from a diesel engine with a diesel oxidation catalyst for exhaust gas purification |
DE102004004277A1 (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2005-09-22 | Audi Ag | Method for assessing the quality of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, downstream catalytic converter |
DE102004006882B4 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2007-10-04 | Audi Ag | Method for controlling the mixture enrichment of a lean-running internal combustion engine of a vehicle, in particular of a motor vehicle |
DE102004058714B4 (en) * | 2004-12-06 | 2006-08-31 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for checking temperature values of a temperature sensor of an internal combustion engine |
US8544258B2 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2013-10-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Exhaust treatment system diagnostic via ammonium nitrite decomposition |
US8112988B2 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2012-02-14 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | System and method for desulfating a NOx trap |
DE102007045256A1 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-04-02 | Volkswagen Ag | Method for testing the operability of an oxidation catalytic converter of an internal combustion engine |
DE102008041385A1 (en) | 2008-08-20 | 2010-02-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Catalyzer's operability examining method for motor vehicle, involves evaluating catalyzer as defective, when temperature is higher than pre-determined threshold value by application of pollutant conversion |
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US20120222399A1 (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Oxidation catalyst burn threshold adjustment to avoid quenching |
KR101305632B1 (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-09-09 | 기아자동차주식회사 | System and method for detecting pollution by toxic substance for air exhauster of vehicle |
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DE102011119214A1 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-23 | Daimler Ag | Method for determining conversion capability of oxidation catalyst of exhaust gas treatment device for internal combustion engine used in motor vehicle, involves determining reference amplitude of sensor signal by lambda probe |
DE102012022840A1 (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-28 | Audi Ag | Method for checking catalytic converter of motor vehicle, involves detecting measurement signal of sensor based on temperature of catalytic converter to verify catalytic performances of exhaust gas catalyst |
US20170234197A1 (en) * | 2016-02-12 | 2017-08-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Vehicle oxidation catalyst diagnostic strategy |
KR101816426B1 (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2018-01-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Method for catalyst heating control |
US11359529B2 (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2022-06-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Monitoring of diesel oxidation catalyst in aftertreatment assembly |
DE102020126961A1 (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for determining a condition of a catalytic converter and exhaust aftertreatment device |
DE102021114932A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 | 2022-12-15 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating an exhaust aftertreatment device for an internal combustion engine and control unit |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1373826A (en) * | 1971-08-09 | 1974-11-13 | Nissan Motor | Motor vehicle exhaust system including a catalytic converter |
DE3516981A1 (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1986-11-13 | Audi AG, 8070 Ingolstadt | Method for checking the functionality of an exhaust gas catalyst |
EP0236659A1 (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1987-09-16 | FIAT AUTO S.p.A. | Device for protecting the catalyst in a catalytic silencer for motor vehicles |
JPH0315619A (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-01-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Failure diagnosing device for secondary air induction system for internal combustion engine |
EP0433735A1 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-06-26 | FIAT AUTO S.p.A. | Alarm device for the protection of catalytic converters for the exhaust gases of endothermic motors |
DE4122787A1 (en) * | 1990-07-23 | 1992-01-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Catalytic converter monitoring schemes for an IC engine - using computed outlet temp. values useful for automobile engine management systems |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2304622A1 (en) * | 1973-01-31 | 1974-08-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | DEVICE FOR MONITORING CATALYTIC REACTORS IN EXHAUST GAS DETOXIFICATION SYSTEMS OF COMBUSTION MACHINES |
DE2444334A1 (en) * | 1974-09-17 | 1976-03-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR MONITORING THE ACTIVITY OF CATALYTIC REACTORS |
DE2643739C2 (en) † | 1976-09-29 | 1986-03-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Method for monitoring the activity of catalytic converters for exhaust gas purification |
JPS5535181A (en) † | 1978-09-05 | 1980-03-12 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | Air fuel ratio control device |
CH668620A5 (en) † | 1984-04-12 | 1989-01-13 | Daimler Benz Ag | METHOD FOR CHECKING AND ADJUSTING CATALYTIC EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION PLANTS OF COMBUSTION ENGINES. |
DE3500594C2 (en) * | 1985-01-10 | 1995-08-17 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Metering system for an internal combustion engine to influence the operating mixture |
CA1268529A (en) † | 1985-07-31 | 1990-05-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Double air-fuel ratio sensor system carrying out learning control operation |
US4656829A (en) † | 1986-01-27 | 1987-04-14 | General Motors Corporation | System for predicting catalytic converter temperature |
US4947818A (en) † | 1988-04-28 | 1990-08-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine with device for warning of malfunction in an air-fuel ratio control system |
US5060473A (en) * | 1988-07-13 | 1991-10-29 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | System for detecting deterioration of catalyst in catalytic converter |
GB9003316D0 (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1990-04-11 | Lucas Ind Plc | Monitoring of operation of catalytic converter |
EP0521050B1 (en) † | 1990-03-19 | 1999-06-02 | Emitec Gesellschaft für Emissionstechnologie mbH | Process and device for controlling an internal combustion engine in function of the actual temperature of a downstream catalyst |
JP2943433B2 (en) † | 1990-08-24 | 1999-08-30 | 株式会社デンソー | Catalyst purification rate detector |
-
1992
- 1992-04-03 DE DE4211092A patent/DE4211092A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-03-20 DE DE59301093T patent/DE59301093D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-20 WO PCT/DE1993/000257 patent/WO1993020340A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-03-20 JP JP5516961A patent/JPH06508414A/en active Pending
- 1993-03-20 US US08/157,089 patent/US5675967A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-20 EP EP93905208A patent/EP0587836B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1373826A (en) * | 1971-08-09 | 1974-11-13 | Nissan Motor | Motor vehicle exhaust system including a catalytic converter |
DE3516981A1 (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1986-11-13 | Audi AG, 8070 Ingolstadt | Method for checking the functionality of an exhaust gas catalyst |
EP0236659A1 (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1987-09-16 | FIAT AUTO S.p.A. | Device for protecting the catalyst in a catalytic silencer for motor vehicles |
JPH0315619A (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-01-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Failure diagnosing device for secondary air induction system for internal combustion engine |
EP0433735A1 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-06-26 | FIAT AUTO S.p.A. | Alarm device for the protection of catalytic converters for the exhaust gases of endothermic motors |
DE4122787A1 (en) * | 1990-07-23 | 1992-01-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Catalytic converter monitoring schemes for an IC engine - using computed outlet temp. values useful for automobile engine management systems |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 15, no. 129 (M - 1098) 28 March 1991 (1991-03-28) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0587836B1 (en) | 1995-12-06 |
US5675967A (en) | 1997-10-14 |
EP0587836A1 (en) | 1994-03-23 |
DE4211092A1 (en) | 1993-10-07 |
DE59301093D1 (en) | 1996-01-18 |
WO1993020340A2 (en) | 1993-10-14 |
JPH06508414A (en) | 1994-09-22 |
EP0587836B2 (en) | 1999-11-17 |
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