WO1993020281A1

WO1993020281A1 - Rail bed

Info

Publication number: WO1993020281A1
Application number: PCT/EP1993/000788
Authority: WO
Inventors: Heinz Fischer
Original assignee: Heinz Fischer
Priority date: 1992-04-04
Filing date: 1993-04-01
Publication date: 1993-10-14
Also published as: DE4211366A1; DE4211366C2; EP0725858A1

Abstract

A rail bed has a plate (6) carrying rail (2) tensioned by clamping clips (27). A base buffer (16) arranged between the plate (6) and a base surface (15) is vertically prestressed. An edge buffer (20) made of elastic material is arranged along each end face (21) of the plate (6). The edge buffer (20) is prestressed by a clamping element (23) supported on the base (1), so that vibration-damping requirements can be even better satisfied while maintaining high gauge-measurement accuracy.

Description

Rail loader

The invention relates to a rail bearing, in which a base buffer made of elastic material is arranged between a plate supporting the rail and a base formed on a base, and the plate is loaded by tensioning brackets arranged at both ends in such a way that the base buffer underneath Preload is present, but still further restrained when the rail is loaded while maintaining the tensioning bracket load, and an edge buffer made of elastic material is arranged along each end face of the plate.

In a rail bearing known from DE-OS 39 37 086, the base buffer is arranged in a recess which is formed by a recess in a concrete sleeper or by a frame placed on the base, and has a considerable thickness of, for example, 20 mm to 55 mm. In doing so, it experiences a certain amount of compression due to the tensioning bracket load, but can always deflect considerably further when the rail is loaded by a vehicle. A vibration range of about 3 mm to 4 mm is specified for this which the clamps must also be designed. If this is guaranteed, despite the support of the base caused by the separate rail bearings, there is a largely continuous course of the bending line of the rail with a corresponding distribution of the axle load over several rail bearings. This leads to a reduction in the vibration excitation and - insofar as it is still a matter of excited vibrations in the frequency range relevant for structure-borne noise and low-frequency vibrations - to a very strong damping and is in contrast to the known hard rail bearings, in which one of the Secondary bending line dependent on the rail bearing distance, the waviness of which is one of the main causes for the excitation of vibrations of the unsprung axle masses.

In the known case, the plate carrying the rail covers the entire base buffer; it embraces him with the edge parts protruding downwards and thus fixes his

Location. The base buffer and plate are arranged in a recess. At the ends of the plate there are side parts which serve to support and fasten the tensioning bracket.

DE-OS 20 32 915 and DE-AS 20 06 071 show generic rail bearings which, instead of the edge parts protruding downward on the plate, have upwardly projecting edge buffers on the base buffer. These are located between the face of the plate and the face of a frame to be attached to the base.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a rail bearing of the generic type which has a high degree of tracking and which satisfies the requirements in terms of vibration technology. This object is achieved in that the edge buffer is set in the transverse direction under tension by a clamping element supported on the base.

This proposal is based on the consideration that in many cases the rail bearing must also absorb forces directed transversely to the rail, be it on a track curve as a result of centrifugal force or be it due to the sinusoidal movement of a swaying back and forth across the direction of travel

Vehicle. These transverse forces are introduced into the plate. In the construction according to DE-OS 39 37 086, either the end face of the plate is already against a stop, for example the side element. This then results in a mechanical bridge, which on the one hand leads to vibration excitation in the support configuration and on the other hand to a vibration transmission, via which vibrations are transmitted in a disruptive manner to the base, for example a threshold, and further to the underground . In addition, disruptive wear occurs on the wheel rim and rail head and, as a result, further vibration excitation occurs. Or there is a certain amount of play in the transverse direction, which leads to shock excitation. Then the transverse forces can only be transferred to the base via a corresponding deformation of the tensioning bracket and the base buffer, which, since the loads occurring intermittently, lead to spring breakage in the tensioning bracket. In addition, this leads to an undesirable deflection of the rail, that is, to a widening of the track. Such a track inaccuracy also has a negative influence on the whole of the mechanical vibration excitation. For this purpose, it is known that the constructive rail support designs have so far been one of the main causes of mechanically determined vibration excitation. In the case of the rail bearings of the generic type, the edge buffers are switched between the plate and the base. The edge buffers, however, are pressed together so strongly by the transverse forces that in turn there are inaccurate track dimensions and a disruptive deflection of the rail head.

According to the invention, the edge buffers are pretensioned in the transverse direction due to the use of the clamping elements. Therefore, the transverse mobility of the plate is low and the track accuracy of the rail is high. Nevertheless, there is a certain transverse elasticity that greatly reduces the risk of wear on the wheel rim and rail head and the associated vibration excitation. Because the clamping element is a part separate from the base, it can be handled on its own, the tension buffer installed without tension and only then can the desired pretension be generated by moving the clamping surface of the clamping element. Installation is therefore easy. Dimensional tolerances are also compensated by prestressing the edge buffers.

A further advantage is that the ribbed plates with a flat underside, which are common for hard rail bearings, can be used as the plate, because the plate does not require any downwardly projecting edge parts.

In particular, the clamping element can be displaceable towards the rail. In this way, the edge buffer is loaded directly in the transverse direction.

It is favorable that the edge buffers are formed in one piece with the base buffer. This makes assembly easier. It also prevents the edge buffer from migrating upwards when they meet. It is also recommended that the edge buffers be part of a bead that completely surrounds the plate. The plate is therefore embedded in elastic material all around, so that forces acting in the longitudinal direction can also be absorbed by the edge buffer.

The base buffer and the edge buffer are preferably arranged in a recess and pretensioned in such a way that they rest non-positively on the side walls of the recess, which is increased by the pretension and also depending on the load. This reliably prevents longitudinal and transverse movements of the plate except for the desired elastic deformation. In addition, the surface of the buffer material is only slightly exposed, so that ozone and temperature influences are minimal. Soiling of the recess is not to be feared. There is no need to drain the support.

These advantages apply in particular if the side walls of the recess converge from top to bottom, especially if the peripheral walls of the base buffer are adapted to these side walls and converge accordingly.

It is also advantageous that the clamping element is supported on an inclined surface connected to the base and is loaded by hold-down means. When the clamping element is moved along the inclined surface by the holding-down means, the clamping surface presses the

Clamping element together the edge buffer. When the end of the inclined surface is reached, the desired pretension results. In this case, the inclined surface converts the horizontal clamping force into a vertical force component which can be absorbed by the hold-down means without difficulty. Furthermore, the clamping element can have two arms directed towards the rail, which guide the bead on the outside at the plate ends. This achieves lateral deflection of the edge buffer and guidance of the plate.

In a preferred construction it is ensured that the clamping element has at least one profiling on the underside, which runs parallel to the rail, and at least two profilings, which run transversely thereto, which serve to transfer transverse and longitudinal forces and with corresponding , interact with the stops connected to the base. The transverse profiling ensures that the clamping element is guided in the transverse direction when tightening. The longitudinal profile is able to transfer clamping forces to the base. In combination, the profiles ensure an exact position of the clamping element. This in turn makes it possible to manage with a single screw as hold-down means, which enables a very economical design and, with a symmetrical arrangement, a central bracing.

At least the profiling that runs parallel to the rail should be rounded. This facilitates assembly if the clamping element initially has an inclined starting position when tightening, and the vertical and horizontal movement when tightening. In addition, the inevitable tolerances are taken into account, and tolerance compensation is made possible here.

It is recommended that the clamping elements for supporting the tensioning bracket have a raised abutment on the top, against which the central section of the tensioning bracket is pressed by means of a screw, and a groove running parallel to the rail for receiving intermediate sections of the tensioning bracket . This groove represents the abutment for the deflection of the forces between the tensioned central section and the outer end sections of the tensioning bracket loading the plate. The clamping elements therefore have the further function of supporting and supporting the tensioning bracket. The raised thrust bearing can be shaped in such a way that it fixes the position of the central section of the clamping bracket.

Furthermore, it is favorable that the screw is anchored in the base and serves as a hold-down device for the clamping element and as a clamping device for the clamping bracket. The screw has an elongated shaft that is only loaded by tensile stress. Because of the multiple function of the screw, assembly and assembly are simplified.

The clamping elements advantageously carry stiffening ribs on the top. They can therefore transmit quite considerable forces, even if aluminum or hard plastic is used instead of steel or the clamping element is made with a smaller thickness. A curvature of the clamping element due to the high clamping force, which is removed off-center, is therefore excluded.

It is then advantageous that the clamping element has a stop at the top, at least at the outer end of the curve, which comes into contact with the tensioning bracket when the plate is transversely displaced. This is followed by a shock load on the clamping bracket. This stop prevents the track dimension from being lost in the case of exceptionally large transverse forces acting on the rail.

It is advantageous for the rail bearing, in particular if it is laid in a curve, that the plate has an increasing thickness to the side. The upper side has to coordinate the geometrical design A certain inclination of wheel and rail, for example 1:20 or 1:40. This leads to a slight inclination of the rail, as a result of which, among other things, the centrifugal forces can be better derived and the running design of the track channel improves.

It is also advantageous that the recess has the shape of a depression in the base and the stops which cooperate with the clamping element are designed to transmit longitudinal and transverse forces on the base. All essential profiles and screw receptacles can be placed in a concrete sleeper or the like from the outset. mold.

If, on the other hand, the base has a flat surface, a frame can be provided to form the recess, which frame is fastened to the base by means of screws and on which the stop interacting with the clamping element for the removal of longitudinal and transverse forces are formed. In this way, a continuous base (course of the bending line of the rail) on a wooden or concrete sleeper or a concrete beam with a flat support can be equipped with the rail bearing according to the invention. This version is particularly suitable for retrofitting renovation sections (ballast track with wooden sleepers). This also because a performance-based and economical replacement of the bearings is made possible.

The base buffer advantageously has a thickness of 20 mm to 55 mm. Such a thick, preloaded base buffer results in a highly elastic bearing, in which the fixation by means of preloaded edge buffers leads to a high degree of tracking accuracy and limitation of the rail head deflection. In a preferred embodiment it is ensured that the base buffer is enclosed on all sides by side walls and is therefore both vertically and horizontally biased by the tensioning bracket and is further stressed in both directions when loaded. This leads to an increased non-positive integration of the elastomer in the support. The complexity in the preload is new, since the high damping that can be achieved is determined on the one hand by the possible reduction in the spring stiffness of the elastomer and on the other hand by the interaction of the vertical and horizontal preload of the support elastomer. In particular, there is a reducing influence on the ratio of static and dynamic stiffness of the elastomer that is otherwise not to be influenced but determined from the selected mixture.

It is also favorable that the base buffer and edge buffer are vulcanized onto the plate. There is a uniform structure for the assembly.

An alternative is to dispense with vulcanization in order to allow only the base buffer or the plate to be replaced. In this context it is favorable that the base buffer is formed in one piece with an edge buffer, the inner sides of which converge downwards, and that the plate has peripheral walls adapted to these inner sides and also converging downwards. The clamping force of the clamping bracket, the load from the rail and the axle-dependent load result in a non-positive storage of the plate in the basic buffer.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. Show it: 1 shows a cross section through a first embodiment of the invention,

2 is a partial plan view of a concrete sleeper serving as a base,

3 is a partial top view of the embodiment of FIG. 1,

Fig. 4 is a partial plan view, partly in

Section on the area of the clamping element of FIG. 1

5 shows a cross section through a second embodiment of the invention,

6 is a plan view, partly in section, of the area of the clamping element of FIG. 5,

7 shows a spatial representation of a modified basic buffer with edge buffer,

Fig. 8 is a plan view of a cooperating plate and

Fig. 9 is a side view of this plate.

1 to 4 show a rail bearing which has a concrete short sleeper as base 1. A rail 2 is mounted with its foot 3 with the interposition of a thin elastic intermediate layer 4 on the top 5 of a plate 6. The upper side 5 is inclined in such a way that the thickness of the plate 6 increases towards the left, namely the outer side of a track curve. The center plane of the rail 2 is therefore somewhat inclined and the rail head 7 is slightly offset inwards. Clamping bracket 8 NEN to hold the rail foot 3 securely on the plate 6. For this purpose, a hook screw 10 is inserted into each strip 9, which carries a nut 12 holding down the central section 11 of the clamping bracket 8. As a result, the intermediate sections 13 of the clamping bracket 8 are pressed onto the plate 6 and, at the same time, the free ends 14 are pressed onto the rail foot 3.

A base buffer 16 made of elastic material is located between the plate 6 and a base 15 of the base 1. It has a thickness of several centimeters, in particular from 20 mm to 55 mm, and has recesses 17 in tubular form. This base buffer 16 is arranged in a recess 18 in the form of a depression in the base 1. In the recess, the all-round side walls 19 are slightly inclined, so that the horizontal cross-sectional area tapers somewhat from top to bottom. The basic buffer has an analog form. The parts therefore fit non-positively into one another under load. An edge buffer 20 is arranged in front of each end face 21 of the plate 6. It is part of a bead 22 formed in one piece with the base buffer 16 and running around the entire plate 6.

To generate a horizontal pretension in the transverse direction in the edge buffer 20, a clamping element 23 is provided on both sides, which with its clamping surface 24 lies against the edge buffer 20 on the outside. The clamping element is supported on its own sloping surface

Inclined surface 24a of the base 1 and is held in the position illustrated in FIG. 1 by hold-down means 25 to be described. After inserting the parts 6, 16 and 20 into the recess 18, the clamping element 23 can be conveniently inserted over the inclined surface, wherein it moves towards the rail 2 in the course of the insertion movement and the edge buffer 20 underneath Preload sets. Rounded edges 26 facilitate insertion.

Biasing of the base buffer 15 in the vertical direction is generated with the aid of a tensioning bracket 27, the central portion 28 of which is held down by the head 29 of a screw 30 on an elevated abutment 31 which is attached to the clamping element 23. As a result, an intermediate section 32 of the clamping bracket is pressed into a transverse groove 33 of the clamping element 23, while at the same time end sections 34 press onto the upper side 5 of the plate 6. With appropriate dimensioning of the lever arms resulting on both sides of the intermediate section 32 and the corresponding spring constants, it is achieved that the base buffer 16 compresses by a rest path (zero deflection) of, for example, 1 mm to 2 mm, but with rail loading while maintaining the clamping bracket force can deflect even further, for example by 2 mm to 5 mm. The prestressing force in the vertical direction is greater than 1000 kp and is preferably approximately 1200 kp. Because the base buffer 16 is enclosed on all sides by the side wall 19 of the cutout 1, the base preload 16 also results in a horizontal preload at the same time as the vertical preload. In addition, the clamping bracket in conjunction with the screw 30 acts as a hold-down means 25 to hold the clamping element 23 in place. The screw 30 engages with an elongated shaft 35 in a bore 36 in the base. It is constantly under tension, so that its thread, unlike an alternating load, is held securely in the base.

The clamping element 23 has three reinforcing ribs 37, 38 and 39 on the upper side. It also carries two arms directed towards the rail 2, which guide the bead 22 from the outside. On the underside is a first profile 41 in the form of a parallel to the rail Rib provided, which cooperates with a stop 42 formed by a groove in order to transfer transverse forces to the base and to ensure the position of the clamping element 23 in the transverse direction. Two profiles 43 in the form of ribs run transversely to the rail, which cooperate with corresponding stops 44, which are designed as grooves, on the base 1 in order to divert longitudinal forces onto the base and to guide the clamping element 23 in the transverse direction during assembly.

On the top of the plate there is a stop 45 which, when the edge buffer is preloaded, is at a small distance, for example about 1.5 mm, from the free section 34 of the tensioning bracket 27. Therefore, if transverse forces are exerted on the rail 2, because the edge buffers 20 are prestressed, the plate 6 and the rail head 7 are displaced at most slightly, thus ensuring the transverse elasticity to be required, with the dimensional accuracy being maintained is guaranteed. At the same time, however, the intermediate layer of the edge buffer provides sufficient damping against transmission of vibrations, and prevents vibrations from being excited by the vertically deflecting support. If there is a greater transverse displacement of the plate with excessive transverse force, this is stopped by the abutment of the stop 45 against the free section 34. In one embodiment, the edge buffer 20 had a width of approximately 10 mm. It was compressed by the clamping element 23 by about 2 mm. The stop 45 can limit the deflection of the rail 2 to an amount of approximately 1.5 mm, whereas previously larger and larger values had to be accepted. A larger bead width of, for example, 20 mm is also possible.

In the interior of the basis l serving concrete short threshold are still Horiz ^a ontalbohrungen 46 and vertical bores 47 illustrates. Adjustment screws can be inserted into these, with the help of which the threshold can be held in place and then cast around with concrete, for example.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6, the same components as in the first exemplary embodiment are largely used. The difference is that a threshold with a flat surface 52, for example made of wood or concrete, is used as the base 51. A frame 53 is fastened at both ends with two screws 54, the shank of which engages in bores 55 of the base 51. With the help of the screw 30 there is therefore a three-point fastening at each end. The frame 43 has a recess 56 which, in connection with the surface 52, corresponds to the base 51 of the recess 18.

In addition, the profiles 57 running parallel to the rail 2 and the profiles 58 running transversely thereto are also formed on the frame 53, likewise in the form of grooves. The frame 53, like the clamping elements 23, can be made of hard plastic, steel or aluminum.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 to 9, reference numerals increased by 100 are used for identical parts. The base buffer 116 is formed in one piece with the edge buffer 120. The inner sides 160 of the edge buffer 120 converge downwards. The plate 106 is inserted into the depression 161 thus formed, the peripheral walls 162 of which are adapted to the inner sides 160 and also converge downwards. When loaded by the clamping bracket 27, the plate 106 is securely stored in the base buffer 116, the frictional connection being strengthened as the load increases, for example due to the axle load. *

Claims

1. Rail bearing, in which a base buffer made of elastic material is arranged between a plate supporting the rail and a base formed on a base, and the plate is loaded by tensioning brackets arranged at both ends in such a way that the base buffer is under prestress However, the rail load is further compressed while maintaining the tensioning bracket load, and an edge buffer made of elastic material is arranged along each end face of the plate, characterized in that the edge buffer (20; 120) is supported by a clamping element (23) supported on the base (1, 51) ) is preloaded in the transverse direction.

Rail bearing according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the clamping element (23) to the rail (2) is displaceable.

3. Rail bearing according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the edge buffers (20 120) are formed in one piece with the base buffer (16; 116).

Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the edge buffers (20; 120) are part of a bead (22) completely surrounding the plate (6; 106).

5. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 4, da¬ characterized in that the base buffer (16) and edge buffer (20) in a recess (18; 56) is arranged and preloaded such that they on the side walls (19) fit the recess non-positively.

6. Rail bearing according to claim 5, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the side walls (19) of the recess (18) converge from top to bottom.

7. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the clamping element (23) is supported on an inclined surface connected to the base (24a) and is loaded by hold-down means (25).

8. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the clamping element (23) has two arms (40) directed towards the rail (2), which guide the bead (22) on the outside at the plate ends.

9. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the clamping element (23) on the underside at least one profile (41) which runs parallel to the rail (2), and Has at least two profiles (43), which run transversely here, which serve to transfer transverse and longitudinal forces and interact with corresponding stops (42, 44) connected to the base (1, 51).

10. Rail bearing according to claim 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that at least the parallel to the rail (2) profile (41) has rounded edges (26).

11. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the clamping elements (23) for supporting the clamping bracket (27) on the top of an elevated abutment (31) against which the Mittel¬ section (28) of the clamping bracket (27 ) is pressed by means of a screw (30), and have a groove (33) running parallel to the rail (2) for receiving intermediate sections (32) of the clamping bracket.

12. Rail bearing according to claim 11, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the screw (30) in the base (1) is anchored and serves as hold-down means (25) for the clamping element (23).

13. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the clamping elements (23) on the upper side stiffening ribs (37, 38, 39).

14. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the clamping element (23) has at least at the outer end of the curve at the top a stop (45: 145) which with excessive transverse displacement of the plate (6; 106) on Clamping bracket (27) comes to rest.

15. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the plate (6) has a thickness increasing to the side.

16. Rail bearing according to one of claims 5 to 15, characterized in that the recess (18) has the shape of a recess in the base (1) and with the clamping element (23) interacting stops (42, 44) for ablation longitudinal and transverse forces are formed on the base (1).

17. Rail bearing according to one of claims 5 to 14, characterized in that a frame (53) is provided with a base (51) with a flat surface (52) to form the recess (56), which means by means of screws ( 30, 54) is fastened to the base (51) and on which the stops (42, 44) cooperating with the clamping element (23) are designed for the removal of longitudinal and transverse forces.

18. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the base buffer (16; 116) has a thickness of 20 mm to 55 mm.

19. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the base buffer (16) is surrounded on all sides by side walls (19) and is therefore biased both vertically and horizontally by the tensioning bracket and is further under tension in both directions under load ¬ is set.

20. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the base buffer (16) and edge buffer (20) on the plate (6) are vulcanized.

21. Rail bearing according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the base buffer (116) is integrally formed with an edge buffer (120), the inner sides (160) of which converge downwards, and that the plate (106) these inner sides has adapted, also converging downward peripheral walls (162).