WO1993019433A1 - Systeme d'observation et d'enregistrement d'empreintes digitales - Google Patents

Systeme d'observation et d'enregistrement d'empreintes digitales Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993019433A1
WO1993019433A1 PCT/US1992/002459 US9202459W WO9319433A1 WO 1993019433 A1 WO1993019433 A1 WO 1993019433A1 US 9202459 W US9202459 W US 9202459W WO 9319433 A1 WO9319433 A1 WO 9319433A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
camera
wavelength band
evidence
nanometers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1992/002459
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Arturo M. Rios
Michael Palermiti
Original Assignee
Dactylamatic, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dactylamatic, Inc. filed Critical Dactylamatic, Inc.
Priority to AU23145/92A priority Critical patent/AU2314592A/en
Priority to PCT/US1992/002459 priority patent/WO1993019433A1/fr
Publication of WO1993019433A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993019433A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/117—Identification of persons
    • A61B5/1171—Identification of persons based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof
    • A61B5/1172—Identification of persons based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof using fingerprinting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1312—Sensors therefor direct reading, e.g. contactless acquisition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems for observing and detecting evidence. More particularly, it relates to portable systems that can both view "live” fingerprints and detect latent fingerprints at the scene of a crime.
  • Fingerprints are typically observed “live” (i.e., on the finger) by viewing an imprint of an inked finger or by photographic means, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,652,116. Such observations 1 take place at a central station where the requisite equipment is available. It has long been an object of investigative agencies to have a portable device that can be used to record the image of a "live” fingerprint of a suspect and to detect and record the image of latent fingerprints at the scene of a crime so that the recorded images may be compared on the scene.
  • Systems for detecting fingerprints frequently use lasers because of the laser's high detection rate.
  • the laser excites fluorescent substances carried by the fingerprint making the fingerprint visible.
  • the laser may excite fluorescent substances in the fingerprint residue itself, or fluorescent substances deposited.on and carried by the fingerprint such as powders, dyes or chemical reagents.
  • Such devices may also be used to detect fluorescent evidence other than fingerprints such as certain fibers and sweat. See, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,708,882 and 4,794,260 to Asano, et al.
  • Lasers however, present new problems to the crime scene investigator. Their portability is extremely limited and they may be unwieldy in confined spaces because they require a large power supply which must be transported to the scene. They may also be unsafe to operate because the laser beam itself is hazardous and caution must be taken so that it does not reach the human eye either directly or by luminescence.
  • Latent fingerprints may, of course, be detected without lasers by using dusting powders, fuming and chemical reagents. Viewing may be enhanced by the use of ultraviolet light. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,504,408 to Morton. These techniques, however, generally have lower success rates than laser detection techniques. Old prints and prints on porous materials are particularly difficult to detect. Other non-laser systems have achieved higher success rates (see, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,034,615 to Rios, et al.), but do not have the versatility to view "live" fingerprints.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the observation and detection system of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial pictorial and partial schematic representation of an embodiment of the "live" fingerprint observation attachment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial pictorial and partial schematic representation of a side view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the detection device of the present invention may include a source of noncoherent light 10 (lasers provide coherent light) for illuminating the evidence A, a camera 15 for receiving and intensifying light reflected from the evidence A, and a removable attachment 20 that may be used to observe "live" fingerprints.
  • a source of noncoherent light 10 laser provide coherent light
  • a camera 15 for receiving and intensifying light reflected from the evidence A
  • a removable attachment 20 that may be used to observe "live" fingerprints.
  • the body 22 of the attachment may be a hollow tube that may be removably attached to a lens 24 of a camera 15, such as a video, television or photographic camera, with a threaded coupler 26 at one end of the tube 22.
  • a camera 15 such as a video, television or photographic camera
  • a threaded coupler 26 at one end of the tube 22.
  • a bottomless cup 28 for cradling a finger whose fingerprint is to be observed by the camera.
  • a glass window 30 may be positioned in the wall of the tube 22.
  • the window 30 is preferably one that can diffuse light as it enters the tube 22 so that the finger is bathed uniformly.
  • the window 30 may be a diffuse opal glass.
  • the window 30 may extend part or completely around the circumference of the tube 22.
  • a beamsplitter 32 is placed inside the tube 22 to direct the light onto the finger. Light from the window 30 is deflected by the beamsplitter 32 toward the cup 28 where the image of the cupped finger is reflected back through the beamsplitter 32 onto the lens 24.
  • the beamsplitter may be a 50/50 cube beamsplitter or other known devices able to deflect light from the window 30 toward the cup 28 and to allow the reflected light to reach the lens 24.
  • the attachment 20 is removably affixed to a camera using coupler 26.
  • the finger whose fingerprint is to be observed "live" is placed in the cup 28.
  • External light as from the light source 10, may be directed through the window 30 where it is diffused onto the finger in the cup 28.
  • the camera 15 may be operated to record the image of the fingerprint.
  • the attachment 20 may then be removed so that the fingerprint detector may be used to detect and record latent fingerprints, as will be discussed below. Subsequently, the recorded images may be compared on the scene using techniques known in the art to determine whether the suspect whose "live" fingerprint was recorded should be detained.
  • the latent fingerprint detector exploits the wavelength shift of light reflected from a fluorescent substance.
  • the wavelength of light is increased upon luminescence from a fluorescent substance (the light undergoes a wavelength shift in accordance with Stokes' Law) .
  • the luminescence may be detected at a longer wavelength.
  • light from light source 10 is filtered by filter 40 to illuminate a fluorescent substance with light having a predetermined band of wavelengths, for example, 555 to 565 nanometers.
  • a fluorescent substance When a fluorescent substance is so illuminated, the luminescence from the substance may be detected in a band of wavelengths about 10% longer (10% is the wavelength shift at this incident wavelength) ; 610 to 622 nanometers in this example.
  • the filters 40 and 42 thereby cooperate to first illuminate and then enable detection of fluorescent substances.
  • a light intensifier 44 may be provided to increase the luminance of the luminescence.
  • the luminescences have been found to be particularly dim, even when the source is bright. The intensifier increases the luminance of the luminescence so that relatively high detection rates may be achieved.
  • the present invention may be operated when the fluorescent substances are shielded from all other light sources.
  • the intensifier does not receive light at the wavelength band of the second filter that may be reflected from objects other than those activated by the filtered light source.
  • a fluorescent substance may be applied to evidence (e.g. , fingerprint) so that its image may be more clearly seen. While any known application system is acceptable, dusting is preferred to enhance the portability of the present method and to reduce damage to the material bearing the fingerprints.
  • the dust adheres more readily to the oil which forms the print than to the surrounding surface.
  • the oil typically has been left in a pattern resembling the valleys between fingerprint ridges.
  • the dust concentrates in a pattern resembling the fingerprint and the fingerprint fluoresce ⁇ . If the fingerprint is not fresh or is dry, there is little or no oil on which the dust can adhere. However, in drying the oil typically turns into an amino acid which etches the surface at the submicron level.
  • the light source 10 may be any source of noncoherent light, such as an incandescent lamp containing halogen or krypton with a tungsten filament. It is desirable that the source have a luminous intensity of about 100 lux. While a practical minimum intensity depends on the strength of the intensifier, it has been found that below about 25 lux the efficiency of the intensifier is reduced by the introduction of noise.
  • the first filter 40 may be any known fine-cut filter that is capable of creating a wavelength band (the one-half bandpass) of between 5 and 15 nanometers, with about 10 nanometers preferred.
  • the center wavelength is desirably in the range of 500 to 600 nanometers, with about 560 i 4.8 nanometers preferred.
  • the preferred wavelength has been found to produce the highest overall detection rate of fluorescing evidence (e.g., fingerprints, body fluids, hair) on a wide variety of surfaces, such as paper, plastic, metal, wood and glass.
  • the first filters 40 may be replaceable so that the present invention may be used to enhance detection of different dyes and with composition studies.
  • the second filter 42 may be identical to the first filter 40, except that the wavelength band should be correspondingly 10% higher.
  • the wavelength bands of filters 40 and 42 should not be so large that they overlap. If the bands were to overlap, reflected light that has not been wavelength shifted by the fluorescent material may be received, degrading operation of the device. A separation of about 10 nanometers is acceptable, with about 20 nanometers preferred. Increased separation improves the signal- to-noise ratio throughout the system, thus improving image quality as measured by both spatial resolution and contrast.
  • the center wavelength of the first filter is desirably in the range of a center 300 to 400 nanometers, with about 334 nanometers preferred.
  • the center wavelength of the second filter may be about 20% higher; that is about 405 nanometers when the first filter operates at 334 nanometers.
  • the wavelength shift caused by the fluorescent material is greater at shorter wavelengths.
  • the first filter may be an infrared filter with a long wave cutoff at about 1100 nanometers.
  • the second filter may admit all wavelengths from about 400 to 1100 nanometers.
  • a lens 46 may be provided with the filter 42 to enhance the light-gathering power of the device. While a particular minimum power is not required, a power of f/2.0 or better (e.g., f/1.4) is preferred.
  • the lens 46 may be fixed (e.g., 25mm) or may have a variable focal length and iris opening and may be a zoom lens (e.g. 28 to 70 mm) .
  • the filter may be in form of or integral with the lens.
  • a 25 millimeter f/1.4 television lens 46 may be removably attached to the camera 15.
  • the second filter 42 may be integrated with the lens or removably attached thereto so that attachment 20 may be used.
  • the intensifier 44 may be a 25 millimeter micro-channel plate intensifier.
  • An image generator 48 may include a charged couple device (CCD) image sensor 5t), and an appropriate optical coupling system 52 for coupling the intensifier ' 44 to the image sensor 50.
  • the image generator 48 may operate in the NTSC RS 170 video format. This embodiment may provide a two inch diameter viewing area eight inches from the lens.
  • the relatively broad wavelength band of the filters 40 and 42 (10 nanometers, as compared with 0.1 nanometers for lasers) increases the efficiency of the filters.
  • the first filter 40 may have an efficiency of 50% and the second filter 42, 90%.
  • These relatively high efficiencies allow the use of a lower power intensifier 44. This is significant in the present invention because a low power intensifier has reduced energy requirements and increased portability.
  • the light intensifier 44 may be any known means for increasing the luminance of light it receives. While an intensifier capable of increasing luminance several thousand times is acceptable, an increase of about twenty thousand is preferred. Intensifier 44 may be, fo:r example, a television system capable of detecting and intensifying low levels of light. A second generation micro-channel plate is preferred because it provides low "blooming" (highly luminescent luminescence do not wash out weaker luminescence) , high contrast and resolution, and is easily adapted for TV and photographic cameras.
  • the present invention may be' completely portable.
  • Batteries 54 such as common 1.5 volt dry cell batteries, may be provided to power the light source 10 and intensifier 44. Appropriate circuitry may be provided so that the device may operate from household current as well.
  • the images produced by the intensifier may be viewed through an eyepiece 56 that may be focused.
  • a remote monitor 58 may also be provided.
  • a system of the present invention may include a transmitter 60 for transmitting an image of the "live" or latent fingerprints to a receiver 62 that may be remote from the evidence.
  • Display 64 for the image may be adapted to operate with the receiver 62.
  • An appropriate recorder 66 and/or printer 68 may also be provided.
  • the camera 15 and transmitter 60 may be hand carried to the scene of the evidence where the camera 15 may be used with the attachment 20 to observe and/or record "live" fingerprints, to detect latent fingerprints and to generate an image in the form of a signal that may be fed monitor 58 so that the image may be viewed at the scene to allow the operator of camera 15 to more easily detect and view the "live" and/or latent fingerprints.
  • the images may also be fed to transmitter 60 for transmission to a support facility with recorder 66 and printer 68 such as a car or truck located within range of the transmitter. Signals generated by camera 15 may thereby be printed and saved without transporting the equipment for such tasks to the evidence.
  • the source of noncoherent light 10 may be movably positioned so that light at an appropriate incident angle and distance from the evidence may be provided.
  • One or more sources of light may be used, with two sources being preferred.
  • the source of light may be attached to the side of a case 70 and operated by the trigger 72 through appropriate circuitry.
  • Each source of light 74 may include a source of broadband light 76 mounted at one distal end of a flexible neck 78.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Image Input (AREA)

Abstract

Système d'observation et de détection de preuves (A), y compris d'empreintes digitales. Ce système comprend un support (20) de caméra vidéo (15) qui permet d'observer et d'enregistrer une empreinte digitale sur un doigt, de manière à permettre de la comparer avec des empreintes qu'il est possible de détecter et d'enregistrer avec le même système après avoir enlevé le support (20). Ce dernier comprend un diviseur de faisceaux (32) dirigeant de la lumière sur un doigt placé dans un berceau afin d'être observé à l'aide d'une caméra vidéo (15). Lorsqu'on enlève le support (20), la caméra vidéo (15) utilise une paire de filtres appariés (40, 42), une source de lumière non cohérente (10), et un intensificateur de lumière (44) pour détecter la luminescence à longueur d'onde décalée émise par les substances fluorescentes. Ce système est portatif et peut être tenu dans la main.
PCT/US1992/002459 1992-03-25 1992-03-25 Systeme d'observation et d'enregistrement d'empreintes digitales WO1993019433A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU23145/92A AU2314592A (en) 1992-03-25 1992-03-25 Fingerprint observation and recording system
PCT/US1992/002459 WO1993019433A1 (fr) 1992-03-25 1992-03-25 Systeme d'observation et d'enregistrement d'empreintes digitales

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1992/002459 WO1993019433A1 (fr) 1992-03-25 1992-03-25 Systeme d'observation et d'enregistrement d'empreintes digitales

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WO1993019433A1 true WO1993019433A1 (fr) 1993-09-30

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995011625A1 (fr) * 1993-10-29 1995-05-04 Communaute Economique Europeenne (Cee) Procede de releve d'empreintes digitales et dispositif pour sa mise en ×uvre
EP1798594A2 (fr) 2001-07-17 2007-06-20 Storm, Mason Ricardo Dispositif Portable
CN104068863A (zh) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-01 上海市刑事科学技术研究院 法庭科学粗糙表面指印取证的照相装置及其照相方法
US10535003B2 (en) 2013-09-20 2020-01-14 Namesforlife, Llc Establishing semantic equivalence between concepts

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4109273A (en) * 1974-08-16 1978-08-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Contact electrode for semiconductor component
US4236082A (en) * 1979-01-29 1980-11-25 Palmguard, Inc. Method and apparatus for recording image details of the palm of a hand
US4787742A (en) * 1984-07-12 1988-11-29 Fingermatrix, Inc. Direct finger reading
US4794260A (en) * 1984-12-27 1988-12-27 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Method for detecting fingerprints using a laser and an apparatus therefor
US5034615A (en) * 1989-08-22 1991-07-23 Arturo M. Rios Portable fingerprint detection method and device
US5099131A (en) * 1990-12-07 1992-03-24 Hughes Aircraft Company Acquisition and testing of latent fingerprints using upconversion

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4109273A (en) * 1974-08-16 1978-08-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Contact electrode for semiconductor component
US4236082A (en) * 1979-01-29 1980-11-25 Palmguard, Inc. Method and apparatus for recording image details of the palm of a hand
US4787742A (en) * 1984-07-12 1988-11-29 Fingermatrix, Inc. Direct finger reading
US4794260A (en) * 1984-12-27 1988-12-27 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Method for detecting fingerprints using a laser and an apparatus therefor
US5034615A (en) * 1989-08-22 1991-07-23 Arturo M. Rios Portable fingerprint detection method and device
US5099131A (en) * 1990-12-07 1992-03-24 Hughes Aircraft Company Acquisition and testing of latent fingerprints using upconversion

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995011625A1 (fr) * 1993-10-29 1995-05-04 Communaute Economique Europeenne (Cee) Procede de releve d'empreintes digitales et dispositif pour sa mise en ×uvre
FR2711823A1 (fr) * 1993-10-29 1995-05-05 Cee Procédé de relevé d'empreintes digitales et dispositif pour sa mise en Óoeuvre.
EP1798594A2 (fr) 2001-07-17 2007-06-20 Storm, Mason Ricardo Dispositif Portable
EP1798594A3 (fr) * 2001-07-17 2007-07-04 Storm, Mason Ricardo Dispositif Portable
US7432978B2 (en) 2001-07-17 2008-10-07 Mason Ricardo Storm Portable device having a torch and a camera located between the bulb and the front face
EP2278392A3 (fr) * 2001-07-17 2011-04-20 Mason Ricardo Storm Dispositif portable
US8564678B2 (en) 2001-07-17 2013-10-22 Mason Ricardo Storm Communication system including a portable device for capturing images and comparing the images to a database of characteristics
US9462156B2 (en) 2001-07-17 2016-10-04 Mason Ricardo Storm Portable device having a torch and a camera located between the bulb and the front face
CN104068863A (zh) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-01 上海市刑事科学技术研究院 法庭科学粗糙表面指印取证的照相装置及其照相方法
CN104068863B (zh) * 2013-03-26 2016-05-25 上海市刑事科学技术研究院 法庭科学粗糙表面指印取证的照相装置及其照相方法
US10535003B2 (en) 2013-09-20 2020-01-14 Namesforlife, Llc Establishing semantic equivalence between concepts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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