WO1993018673A1 - Modules aerodynamiques pour le cyclisme, le patinage et autres sports de vitesse - Google Patents

Modules aerodynamiques pour le cyclisme, le patinage et autres sports de vitesse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993018673A1
WO1993018673A1 PCT/US1993/002486 US9302486W WO9318673A1 WO 1993018673 A1 WO1993018673 A1 WO 1993018673A1 US 9302486 W US9302486 W US 9302486W WO 9318673 A1 WO9318673 A1 WO 9318673A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cyclist
main body
body member
wedge
arm
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1993/002486
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul E. Lew
Original Assignee
Lew Paul E
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/021,151 external-priority patent/US5371903A/en
Application filed by Lew Paul E filed Critical Lew Paul E
Publication of WO1993018673A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993018673A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/18—Attachable overshoes for sporting purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/0015—Sports garments other than provided for in groups A41D13/0007 - A41D13/088
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/18—Elastic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D2400/00—Functions or special features of garments
    • A41D2400/24—Reducing drag or turbulence in air or water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to aerodynamic modules for cycling, skating and other speed sports.
  • Such aerodynamic modules may be used by a cyclist, skater or skier, for example, to improve laminar air flow and reduce wind drag and thereby increase one's speed for the same energy output.
  • the present invention relates in one embodiment to a fabric shroud to be worn by a cyclist in order to create a more aerodynamic front contour and improved laminar air flow.
  • the cyclist or skier wears an aerodynamic wedge on each arm to reduce wind drag and for the cyclist an aerodynamic pod in the waist-area to improve laminar air flow across the frontal surface of the anatomy.
  • the aerodynamic wedge for each arm is inserted into an appropriately shaped pouch.
  • the formed pouch is laminated with an epoxy resin to create a hard hollow shell.
  • a rear spoiler board is disclosed in yet another embodiment for the cyclist to reduce wind drag.
  • the skater uses a combination of an aerodynamic wedge around the calf of each leg and a boot wedge behind the speedskating boot. This embodiment of the present invention is equally applicable to speedskate s using conventional blade skates or the newer roller blade skates.
  • One focus of the present invention as described herein is for use in cycling competitions such as the Tour de France, the Olympics and triathlons.
  • the various aerodynamic modules will offer significant benefits to other speed sports such as skating and skiing.
  • the present invention provides in one embodiment a cycling shroud to be worn by th cyclist and which is able to be worn in the normal cycling position.
  • the shroud is shaped and attached to the cyclist so as to form, with the arms extending forward, a forward protruding, nose cone-type shape.
  • This nose cone shape whil not actually covering the entirety of the projected surface area of the cyclist's torso, deflects and diverts the oncoming wind around the cyclist rather than onto the cyclist.
  • the nose cone shape improves the laminar air flow across the frontal surface of the cyclist and reduces the slowing or drag force of the on-rushing wind.
  • a substantially lower drag coefficient due to the shape of the shroud results in a faster cycling speed for the same amount or level of expended energy.
  • the cycling shroud is replaced by two aerodynamic wedges which slide over the upper arms of the cyclist, a waist-area tapered pod which presents a protruding nose-cone shape into the on-rushing wind and a rear spoiler board which straps to the cyclist and extends rearwardly to reduce drag. While th inventor is aware of some improvements in bicycles a d the use of tight fitting clothing to reduce the drag coefficient there is no awareness of .any type of cycling shroud nor aerodynamic modules similar in any respect to the present invention.
  • Aerodynamic modules which are secured to the anatomy of the cyclist, speedskater or skier in order to improve lamina air flow and reduce wind drag according to various embodiments of the present invention include two aerodynamic wedges worn on the arms and/or legs, a waist-area aerodynami pod which has a forward-protruding, nose-cone shape directed into the on-rushing wind and a rear spoiler board. For a speedskater two aerodynamic wedges are attached to the speedskating boots.
  • a cycling shroud to be worn by a cyclist in order to reduce wind drag comprises a fabric shroud body defining a pair of arm openings and attachment means joined to the shroud body and designed to secure the shroud body in position across the front of the cyclist.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide improved speed sport enhancements for improving laminar air flow across the athlete and reducing the wind drag coefficient.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a cyclist wearing a cycling shroud according to a typical embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the FIG. 1 cyclist.
  • FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the cyclist standing in an upright position with the arms extended forward.
  • FIG. 4 is a rear elevational view of the FIG. 3 cyclist.
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a folded one-half panel of the double thickness fabric used to make the cycling shroud of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is side elevational view of a cyclist wearing two arm wedges and one waist pod according to a typical embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of one arm wedge according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a waist-area pod according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a side elevational view of the foam core of the FIG. 8 pod.
  • FIG. 10 is a front elevational view of the foam core of the FIG. 8 pod.
  • FIG. 11 is a bottom plan view of the foam core of the FIG. 8 pod.
  • FIG. 12 is a bottom plan view of the foam core of the FIG. 8 pod in full section as taken along line 12-12 in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a rear spoiler board according to a typical embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a side elevational view of the FIG. 13 rear spoiler board.
  • FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of the FIG. 6 cyclist wearing the FIG. 13 rear spoiler board.
  • FIG. 16 is a side elevational view of a speedskater's leg and foot with aerodynamic wedges attached according to a typical embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a side elevational view of one aerodynamic wedge of the FIG. 16 combination according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a rear elevational view of the FIG. 17 aerodynamic wedge.
  • FIG. 19 is a front elevational view of the FIG. 17 aerodynamic wedge as viewed along line 19-19 in FIG. 17.
  • FIG. 20 is a top plan view of the FIG. 17 aerodynamic wedge.
  • FIG. 21 is a side elevational view of a speedskating boo aerodynamic wedge comprising one part of the two wedge combination of FIG. 16.
  • FIG. 22 is a rear elevational view of the FIG. 21 aerodynamic wedge.
  • FIG. 23 is a top plan view of the FIG. 21 aerodynamic wedge.
  • FIG. 24 is a partial, side elevational view of a cyclist wearing a skin suit into which aerodynamic, wedge-shaped wings in accordance with the present invention are installed.
  • FIG. 25 is a side elevational view of the wedge-shaped wing which is installed in the skin suit jersey of the FIG. 24 illustration.
  • FIG. 25A is a front elevational view of the FIG. 25 wedge- shaped wing.
  • FIG. 26 is a top plan view of the FIG. 25 aerodynamic, wedge-shaped wing installed in the left sleeve of the FIG. 24 cyclist's jersey.
  • FIG. 27 is a top plan view of the right side aerodynamic, wedge-shaped wing which is installed in the right sleeve of the FIG. 24 cyclist's jersey.
  • FIG. 28 is a top plan view of the fabric panel which is sewn together in order to create the left sleeve of the FIG 24 cyclist's jersey including the pouch which is created fo.. receipt of the aerodynamic wing.
  • FIG. 29 is a side elevational view of the FIG. 25 aerodynamic wing with an alternative attachment arrangement according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 29A is a partial, top plan view of the FIG. 29 alternative attachment arrangement.
  • FIG. 30 is an exploded view of the backside of the left sleeve and the front surface of the aerodynamic wing of FIG. 24 illustrating a still further alternative attachment concept according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 31 is a partial perspective view of an alternative design for the sleeves of the FIG. 24 cyclist's jersey illustrating an elastic banded opening as a means to retain an aerodynamic wing in position.
  • FIG. 31A is a side elevational view in partial section of a wing as installed into the FIG. 31 sleeve.
  • FIG. 32 is a partial side elevational view of the FIG. 24 cycling jersey modified with a rigid shell so as to create a hollow wing portion according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 33 is a partial side elevational view of the FIG. 24 cycling jersey modified with an inflatable air bladder in each sleeve pouch.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is illustrated a cyclis 20 riding a competition bicycle 21 and wearing cycling shrou 22 which is designed and worn according to the present invention.
  • the details of bicycle 21 are not particularly important for an understanding of the present invention.
  • Th most important feature of the bicycle with regard to an understanding of the present invention is the contoured and forward protruding style of handlebars 23.
  • the forward most ends of the handlebars terminate in generally cylindrical posts 24 and 25 which are closely spaced and extend in an upward direction.
  • cycling shroud 22 includes a one-piece body 28 which is sewn with various seams and darts in order to provide a contoured form and a form which will conform to the anatomy of the cyclist.
  • Attached to the one-piece body 28 are securing straps 29, 30, 31 and 32.
  • the two shoulder straps 29 and 30 are oriented into a V-shape and extend into the upper center of the back where they are sewn into center back strap 33.
  • Straps 29, 30, 31 and 32 are sewn directly to the fabric of body 28 and attached at the free end of each strap 31, 32 and 33 is one-half of a clip buckle.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 the manner in which straps 31, 32 and 33 attach to the underclothing of the cyclist is illustrated.
  • the preferred manner is to fit the underclothing of the cyclist with the mating half of each clip buckle half which is attached to straps 31, 32 and 33.
  • cyclist 20 is wearing a lower body garment 36 and securely attached to the lower body garment are the three mating halves of the clip buckles.
  • These mating halves of the clip buckles are numbered 31b, 32b and 33b so as to correspond to the- numbering of the mating half (31a, 32a and 33a) and to correspond to the numbering of the corresponding strap (31, 32 and 33).
  • Clip buckle halves 31 and 32 are secured to lower body garment 36 at the sides of the cyclist, somewhat behind and above the hip area.
  • the final clip buckle half 33b is secured to the lower body garment of the cyclist at the center of the lower back area as illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • Clip buckles halves 31a, 32a and 33a constitute the male portion of the clip buckle combination which is pushed into female halves 31b, 32b and 33b and, when fully engaged, lock in position.
  • the clip buckle assembly is separated by pushing inwardly on the sides or inwardly in the middle center (depending on buckle type) of the male portions (31a-33a) in order to take them out of locking engagement with the female halves 31b-33b.
  • This type of plastic clip buckle is very similar to what is currently used with nylon dog collars and similar to these collars, the strap which attaches to the male clip half may be adjusted as to length in the well-known manner of adjustable strap and buckle combinations.
  • the cyclist wears shroud 22 by first placing the shroud over the front of the cyclist and orienting straps 29 and 30 so that they extend from the left shoulder and right shoulder, respectively, of the cyclist to the center back area. In the approximate center of the cyclist's back straps 29 and 30 join to center back strap 33 in a sewn connection.
  • This assembly of straps 29, 30 and 33 draws the neck edge 37 of the shroud snug against the neck of the cyclist.
  • the crossing pattern of straps 29 and 30 joining to strap 33 in the back of the cyclist also pulls the lower side portions 38 and 39 of the shroud snug against the abdominal sides of the cyclist.
  • the single center back strap 33 is attached to the lower body garment 36 by snapping buckle half 33a into buckle half 33b.
  • the design of the buckles is such that the length of each strap is adjustable in the corresponding receiving male portion. In this manner the fit of the shroud can be adjusted to the size of the cyclist.
  • the frontal area 40 of the shroud body 28 includes two hand openings 41 and 42. The hands will be inserted through these hand openings prior to clipping all of the straps into position. The hands are thus free to manipulate all of the straps and buckles. Once the shroud is completely fitted to the cyclist and all the buckles are securely clipped into a locked position, the cyclist is ready to begin his ride.
  • the shroud body tapers side-to-side by reducing the forwardly protruding shroud width from a shoulder width to the width of the two handlebar posts.
  • the shroud extends top to bottom from the shoulder-neck area of the cyclist to the hips of the cyclist.
  • this nose cone shape is achieved while the cyclist remains oriented in the normal and preferred cycling position.
  • the top to bottom position of the hands is betwee the neck and hips thus creating the forwardly tapered contour.
  • the result is an aerodynamic nose cone contour for the forward facing, projected surface area of the cyclist. This nose cone shape improves the laminar air flow across th frontal surface of the cyclist and reduces wind drag thereby increasing the cyclist's speed for the same energy output or expenditure.
  • shroud fabric may be made from a number of different fabrics and blends, in the preferred embodiment th inventor believes that the best material will be similar to that used by downhill ski racers. This material has a tighter weave and a smoother texture resulting in less drag while at the same time providing the ability to sew straps to the material and the ability of the ⁇ i-terial to stretch in several directions and to be contoured and shaped so as to fit the cyclist's body.
  • the preferred material is a multiaxial or four-way stretch custom fabric.
  • KEVLAR protects against abrasion in case of a crash and the Lycra provides elasticity for a better fit.
  • SCHOELLER WB 400 is a waterproof, wind proof material that still allows the fabric to breath.
  • the foam provides shock absorption in the case of a fall and the COOL MAX layer provides comfort against the skin. This is a swiss-made fabric offered by Schoeller Fabrics.
  • FIG. 5 the pattern for the fabric of the shroud is illustrated. It is to be understood that while the illustration of FIG. 5 appears to be simply one half panel of the entire shroud, there is a front center fold and thus what is actually illustrated is a double thickness of material.
  • the shroud both begins and ends as a one-piece member, excepting the straps and .buckles which are attached.
  • neck edge 50 Moving in a clockwise direction, at the upper end of center front edge 49 is the neck edge 50 which has a concave curvature and extends from folded front edge 49 to cut edge 51.
  • the upper corner between neck edge 50 and edge 51 is the shoulder area for the cyclist and it is in the vicinity of this corner 50a that the shoulder straps will be attached.
  • Strap 29 will be sewn to one panel of the double thick fabric and shoulder strap 30 will be sewn to the opposite thickness of fabric in virtually the same location as strap 29 for shroud symmetry.
  • Cut edge 51 extends from the shoulder area designated by 50a to the hip area designated by 51a.
  • This cut edge is substantially straight throughout its length and it is this edge which will actually provide the side edges for the finished shroud, the edges of the shroud which will be disposed against the sides of the cyclist.
  • edge 51 the shape of the fabric pattern follows a generally convex curvature into cut edge 53.
  • the seam portion of edge 53 begins with the straight portion of cut edge 53, and extends to the lower portion of center front folded edge 49.
  • edge 49 is folded and that edge 53 is a seam sewing the two thicknesses together, it can be seen how the finished shroud 22 is sewn and fabricated.
  • the open edges, which remain as free edges in the finished shroud include neck edge 50, side edge 51 and edge 52 which extends from the hip around the side of the cyclist.
  • the actual openings in the finishe shroud will be located closer to the elbow or on up to the shoulder. The cyclist is able to decide where he would like the openings based on how much arm he wants extending from the shroud.
  • Corner 61 is the place at which the thumb loops are attached and in order to provide some spacing for the loops they are actually sewn inward of the corner but extend forward at that approximate point.
  • Line 59 generally define the center axial line of the nose cone shape which is create by shroud 22 when properly worn by the cyclist 20 and correctly attached to the cycling tights by the disclosed clip buckles.
  • FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
  • a cyclist 70 riding on a bicycle 71 in a racing posture with the head lowered, arms forward and the back flat.
  • an aerodynamic wedge 72 Positioned around each arm 70a of the cyclist is an aerodynamic wedge 72 (see FIG. 7) which functions as a wind drag reducer.
  • the positioning or attachment means for the aerodynamic wedges is a stretch fabric sleeve 74 which is sewn to the sides 76a and 76b of the wedge body 77.
  • a similar aerodynamic wedge is illustrated in FIGS.
  • FIGS. 24-31 Further concepts and variations for the wedge concept for the arms are illustrated in FIGS. 24-31.
  • an aerodynamic pod 73 Positioned around the waist is an aerodynamic pod 73 (see FIG. 8) which has a forwardly tapered and protruding contour. This pod improves the laminar air flow across the frontal surface of the cyclist.
  • the positioning or attachment means for the aerodynamic pod is a combination of a partial stretch fabric sleeve 80 arranged in two portions and strap 81 connecting the two portions.
  • Strap 81 includes a two-part snap-in buckle 82, similar in construction to buckles 31a-31b and 32a-32b.
  • the two sleeve portions 80 are sewn to the sides 83 and 84 of the pod body cover 85.
  • the buckle 82 can be opened, the aerodynamic pod 73 placed over the waist-area of the cyclist, the fabric sleeve portions 80 and strap 81 are wrapped around the waist-area of the cyclist and the buckle halves are snapped back together.
  • the rear surface 85a of the aerodynamic pod rests against the waist-area of the cyclist.
  • the rear surface 85a is illustrated as being substantially open, the result of cover 85 being trimmed to size so as to draw up just over the edges of the foam core.
  • the peripheral free edges of cover 85 are folded over and sewn into a draw string channel 86.
  • Drawstring 87 is threaded through the channel so that the pod body cover 85 can be removed and cleaned, replaced or repaired. When reassembled the cover is fitted into position and drawstring 87 is pulled tight and knotted.
  • the cover 85 may be sized to fit completely over the rear surface 85a so as to not leave any of the foam interior exposed.
  • the preferred material for cover 85 is a lamination of teflon, polyurethane and a knit of nylon and lycra.
  • a suitable material is offered by the LaLam fabric mill located in New York City.
  • a further variation t the foregoing construction of the sleeve portions and strap of pod 73 is to replace the strap with a single stretch fabric sleeve secured to the sides 83 and 84 of the pod body. By the use of VELCRO on one side, the sleeve can be detached and then reattached.
  • the aerodynamic pod 73 may be positioned around the waist-area of the cyclist by replacing the VELCRO strips wit snaps.
  • both side edges of the fabric sleeve may be sewn directly to the pod body and thereby require the cyclist to slip it on by stepping into the sleeve and pulling the pod up around the waist.
  • the fabric for the wedge sleeves and pod sleeve or sleeve portions needs to be a flexible, stretch material whose beginning diameter size is somewhat smaller than the portion of anatomy which it will extend around. This way, with a smaller sleeve which will be tight on a larger cyclist it would still be snug enough on a smaller cyclist to provide a proper fit and allow the wedge or pod to remain in position during cycling.
  • each aerodynamic wedge body 77 has a triangular shape in lateral section with generally triangular top and bottom surfaces 75a and 75b, respectively, and generally rectangular sides 76a and 76b.
  • the forward face 89 of each wedge fits snugly against the back of the cyclist's upper arm (or alternatively the leg—see FIG. 16) with the tapered edge 90 directed rearwardly.
  • one side can be arranged with mating VELCRO strips. If this technique is employed, then the sleeve can be detached, wrapped around the upper arm and then reattached to secure the wedge body 77 in position.
  • the contoured shape which results by placing the aerodynamic wedges on the upper arms is a type of airfoil that reduces wind drag by efficiently diverting and directing the flowing air so as to reduce or eliminate the creation of any vortex-like air currents that would increase drag on the cyclist.
  • the more aerodynamic shaping of the cyclist's contour as a result of wearing the arm wedges gives the cyclist an increase in speed for the same energy expenditure. The same is true for the speedskater of FIG. 16 and use of aerodynamic wedges on the calf and boot.
  • a similar, though more shaped or contoured wedge-shaped wing is illustrated in FIGS. 24-31.
  • wedges 72 and pod 73 includes a high density, synthetic foam interior covered by a tight fitting, stitched fabric, such as the lamination material offered by the LaLame mill.
  • the foam interior may be solid or hollow.
  • the relative sizes and materials are variables, but it is helpful to have the arm wedges extend from the area of the elbow to the area of the shoulder as this is the upper arm area which is directed into the wind.
  • the forearm areas of the cyclist are pointed horizontally into the wind and thus these portions of the anatomy do not present the same wind drag inefficiency as does the upper arm.
  • Another area of the cyclist's body which traps or catches the onrushing wind is the area above the thighs, below the chest and around the waist. In the cycling position of FIG.
  • the concave shape of the cyclist's anatomy can be appreciated. It is in the waist-area that aerodynamic pod 73 is positioned.
  • the pod has a tapered, contoured nose cone shape with a forward protruding edge 94 and covered side pockets 95 and 96.
  • This tapered and contoured shape is effective to deflect and divert the onrushing wind around the sides of the cyclist, thejceby improving the laminar air flow across the frontal surface of the cyclist.
  • the aerodynamic pod By use of the aerodynamic pod, the onrushing wind does not catch the concave shape of the cyclist's anatomy and results in an increase in cycling speed for the same energy expenditure.
  • the size of the waist-area pod is important so that it catches the onrushing wind early enough and can thereby divert it from the sides o the cyclist.
  • the ultimate objective in sizing and positioning of the waist-area pod is to reduce any significant drag against the concavity of the cyclist's body.
  • FIGS. 9-12 the interior foam body 100 of po 73 is illustrated without cover 85 attached.
  • This interior foam body 100 has a scooped out rear surface 101, base panel portion 102 and tapered keel 103.
  • the surface contouring an geometry of the interior foam body 100 as well as the relative size proportions are illustrated by FIGS. 9-12.
  • the keel 103 has tapered sides 104 and 105 as well as a tapered, forward protruding edge 106.
  • Edge 106 of body 100 corresponds to edge 94 of the covered pod 73
  • the keel is centrally disposed relative to base panel portion 102 and extends from top edge 107 to a location spaced apart and upwardly from lower edge 108.
  • Portion 102 has a convex top surface 109 and a concave lower surface 110.
  • FIG. 6 which shows the placement of the pod on the cyclist, it should be appreciated that as the legs of the cyclist ris during the pedaling stroke, the thighs will be pushed up against the sides of the pod.
  • the portions of the cover 85 which are disposed over open areas 111 and 112 yield, there is clearance provided beneath the cover for the cyclist's thighs. As the thighs are lowered, the cover returns to the nose cone shape for maintaining the aerodynamic contour.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 there is illustrated a rear spoiler board 120 which is contoured with a raised center rib 121 and oppositely disposed side wings 122 and 123. Lower concave regions 124 and 125 are positioned between side edges 126 and 127 and the rearward portion 128 of the center rib.
  • the forward portion of rib 121 includes a securement strap slot 129 for receipt of strap 130.
  • Two piece buckle 131 completes the assembly in order to enable the board 120 to be strapped around the waist of the cyclist and secured in that position.
  • Board 120 is formed out of synthetic foam material and has a rigidity of form while still being light in weight. Referring to FIG. 15, the position and orientation of the rear spoiler board 120 on the cyclist is illustrated. As shown, strap 130 extends around the waist of cyclist 70 and the attachment is completed by snapping the two halves of buckle 131 together.
  • the nose cone shaped pod 73 improves the laminar air flow across the frontal surface of the cyclist.
  • board 120 As oriented on the cyclist, the flowing air across the frontal surface of the cyclist can actually result in or create a vortex flow action and the result of this is a suction-type of drag on the cyclist.
  • Rear spoiler board 120 reduces such drag and is a compliment to arm wedges 72 and aerodynamic pod 73. Since the specifics of a cyclist's anatomy will have some bearing on what size of pod 73 is preferred, the pod is offered in various sizes, such as small, medium, large and extra large.
  • the rear spoiler board may also be offered in different sizes, but there is a modification which the cyclist can make in order to fine tune his own rear spoiler board.
  • regions 124 and 125 are each provided with a series of open slots 140, 141, and 142. While the three slots on one side of the center rib are initially identical in size and shape and location to the three slots -on the other side of the rib, these three slots, six total, can in fact have virtually any size and shape an can be selectively modified to suit the particular cyclist.
  • the specific shape and contouring of the open slo 140-142 can be modified to suit the aerodynamic characteristics of each cyclist.
  • the slots can be reshaped, enlarged or even closed, such as by the use of an overlaying layer of tape or by plastic stick-on covers 142 which are illustrated in broken line form. If wind tunnel testing is employed, the preferred or optimum board size, slot arrangement and slot shape for a specific cyclist can be determined.
  • FIG. 16 there is illustrated the lower leg 150 of a speedskater on which a roller blade boot 151 is wor and to which a pair of aerodynamic wedges 152 and 153 are attached.
  • Wedge 152 is worn around the lower portion of th calf of the speedskater in a manner very similar to how the arm wedges are worn by the cyclist in FIG. 6.
  • Wedge 153 has a slightly different size and shape compared to wedge 152 a is actually positioned within a stretched boot cover 154 which is illustrated by the brokenline.
  • the boot wedge 153 has a shape that conforms to the heel portion of boot 151 a tapers rearwardly such that the sides 155 and 156 converge and define a rear edge 157. Since the roller blade boot has no particular significance, the entirety of the disclosed embodiment of FIG. 16 could be used on conventional bladed skates without any changes or alterations.
  • Wedge body 152a includes tapering sides 160 and 161 which symmetrically converge into rear edge 162. As illustrated in FIG. 20, wedge body 152a has a generally triangular lateral cross section and a front face 163 which is the widest point and which abuts up against the lower calf area.
  • Stretch fabric sleeve 164 is sewn directly to vinyl covering 165.
  • the sleeve 164 consists of two panels 166 and 167 one each being sewn adjacent front face 163 along each side.
  • each panel 166 and 167 include a mating strip of "VELCRO" material, such that the strip 168 of hook-like projections is on panel 167 and the strip 169 of loop-like projections is on panel 166.
  • Wedge body 152a is hollow and formed out of a suitable plastic material or alternatively formed out of fiberglass.
  • the vinyl covering 165 is tightly stretched over the hollow plastic form and partially closes in open front face 163 (see FIG. 19).
  • the rear elevational view (FIG. 18), front elevational view (FIG. 19) and top plan view (FIG. 20) are limited to the wedge body 152a and do not include fabric sleeve 164.
  • Wedge 153 includes converging sides 155 and 156 which join together at rear edge 157.
  • Wedge 153 which is positioned adjacent the heel of the boot 155 within cover 154, has a generally triangular lateral cross section as indicated by the top plan view of FIG. 23.
  • the material for wedge 153 may be the same as that used for wedge 152 or alternatively the material may be one of the rigid foams.
  • Front face 172 is the widest portion of wedge 153 as to its side-to-side thickness and is slightly concave in order to match the boot heel contour.
  • the top surface 173 of wedge 153 has a slight compound curvature and the lov/er edge 174 is formed by the converging of sides 155 and 156.
  • wedge 153 The important material properties for wedge 153 include lightweight and shapeability. Weight is a concern because a heavy wedge will accelerate leg or arm fatigue. Shapeabilit is important because the wedge can be styled to the precise size and shape desired for the particular sport and athlete.
  • the exterior of wedge 153 is painted in order to provide a smoother surface and a more aerodynamically efficient surfac over that of exposed, porous foam. An alternative to painting is to use a smooth covering in order to make the wedge more aerodynamically efficient.
  • FIG. 24 there is illustrated a cyclist 180 wearing a tight-fitting skin suit jersey 181 which is used for greater aerodynamic efficiency.
  • This skin suit jersey i generally conventional in most respects including the material and the particular fit for the cyclist.
  • the fabric pouch 183 illustrated for the left arm is similar to the fabric pouch of the opposite side (right arm) which is not illustrated.
  • the wedge-shaped wings which are installed in each fabric pouch are not symmetrical about their front to rear centerline and thus these wings as well as the corresponding fabric pouches have a left side an right side configuration and while virtually identical, they are turned relative to each other to accommodate the left side/right side differences.
  • Inserted into fabric pouch 183 from the inside of sleeve 182 is a generally wedge-shaped aerodynamic foam wing 184 (see FIGS. 25, 25A, and 26).
  • the right arm fabric pouch which is not illustrated receives a similarly shaped foam wing 184a (see FIG. 27).
  • foam wings 184 and 184a are not symmetrical about their front to rear centerlines, they are styled, as mentioned, as left wing 184 and a right wing 184a.
  • the left to right differences can be appreciated by a comparison of the FIGS. 26 and 27 illustrations.
  • the opening between the fabric pouch 183 and the interior of sleeve 182 needs to be of sufficient size for foam wing 184 to be inserted.
  • the specific three dimensional shape of pouch 183 should closely approximate the three dimensional shape of wing 184 so that the fit of the pouch is smooth and tight around the wing on all surfaces and in all areas. Since the material used for jersey 181 is typically a stretch fabric, the pouch may be slightly undersized and a little off dimensionally without any significant adverse effects as this fabric will stretch and conform around the aerodynamic wing in order to provide the desired smooth and tight fit.
  • wedge-shaped aerodynamic foam wing 184 is illustrated .and includes a top surface 186, a front surface 187, and oppositely disposed side surfaces 188 and 189 which converge to a common rear edge 190.
  • the top surface 186 is slightly curved (concave) from front surface 187 to rear edge 190 and is substantially flat to slightly convex from side-to-side.
  • the side e3evational, projected outline shape of wing 184 is best illustrated in FIGS. 24 and 25 whereat concave upper surface 186 extends to tip 192 at which point rear edge 190 begins.
  • This rear edge includes an upper portion 193 which is substantially straight to slightly concave from tip 192 to tip 194 and a lower portion 195 which is concave from tip 19 to lower surface 196.
  • sides 188 and 189 converge to the common rear edge 190 along both upper and lower portions 193 and 195, respectively.
  • the concave lower portion 195 is cut in enough so as to provide more knee clearance for the cyclist.
  • the two side surfaces are generally convex in shape.
  • Front surface 187 has a generally rectangular shape which tapers very sightly from top to bottom. The front surface is slightly curved (concave) side to side so that it will more comfortably fit up against the rearwardly (back) facing surface of the cyclist's upper arm.
  • the side-to-side distance across surface 187 from side 188 to side 189 is less than the diameter of the cyclist's upper ar in the area where the wings are positioned. This sizing and positioning is important for the front, outer edges of each wing to be inset behind the corresponding arm of the cyclist. This helps the overall aerodynamic efficiency of the wings when applied to the cyclist.
  • the side-to-side distance across front surface 18 is roughly 90% of the diameter of the upper arm.
  • each aerodynamic wing includes two side surfaces 188 and 189 which are contoured i such a way that the outer most side surface 188 is smoothly shaped with a continuous convex curvature from front surface 187 to common rear edge 190.
  • This convex curvature extends from top to bottom.
  • Inside surface 189 has a compound curvature in its upper area beginning at front surface 187 and extending rearwardly with a convex portion 189a which transitions into concave portion 189b and this portion extends to rear edge 190.
  • This compound curvature exists for approximately the top or upper 60 percent of the wing, roughly to the level slightly below tip 194. Below this level (the lower 40 percent) the concave part disappears and side surface 189 is convex throughout.
  • Centerline 200 bisects front surface 187 between side surfaces 188 and 189 and intersects common rear edge 190. The distance from front surface 187 to rear edge 190 along side surface 189 in the upper 60 percent of the wing is greater than the distance from front to rear along side surface 188. This causes the onrushing wind (air) passing across wing 184 to move faster across side surface 189 than across side surface 188.
  • Side surface 189 faces the interior area of the cyclist in the area of the abdomen and crotch.
  • wing 184a is identical to wing 184.
  • Surface 201 corresponds in all respects to surface 189 and surface 202 corresponds in all respects to surface 188.
  • Outer panels 206 a d 207 are integral with sleeve panel 208 and are shaped so as to create pouch 183 for the receipt of wing 184.
  • the outer panels 206 and 207 are drawn together and carefully aligned to match u points A, B and C. Once properly aligned, the two outer panels are sewn together along lines 209 and 210.
  • Outline 211 represents a dart cut out.
  • FIG. 29 one such variation as illustrated is to eliminate the pouch and use a stretch fabric sleeve 2 to secure the wing 214 around the back side of the upper ar of the cyclist.
  • the FIG. 29 embodiment is similar to the FIG. 7 embodiment except for the style and geometry of the respective and corresponding wedge-shaped arm wings.
  • Wing 214 is identical in every respect to wing 184 except for th securement approach.
  • FIG. 29A is a partial top plan view showing the two matching VELCRO strips. Strip 217 is securely attached to the side of wing 214 and strip 218 is securely attached to the end of sleeve 213.
  • FIG. 30 Another option as illustrated in FIG. 30 is to fit the back side (rear surface) of the jersey sleeve 221 with a panel or with strips 222 of VELCRO and a mating panel or strips 223 of VELCRO on the front surface 224 of wedge-shap wing 225.
  • the VELCRO strips can be sewn or adhesively attached and it is a simple step to attach the wing to the corresponding sleeve of the cyclist's ersey as well as to remove the wing when it is not to be used.
  • FIGS. 25 - 27 A still further option of the present invention as illustrated in FIGS.
  • 31 and 31A is to create an opening 228 in the back of each sleeve 229 and sew into the sleeve around opening 228 a stiff elastic ring 230 or elastomeric band with sufficient elasticity to draw this opening inwardly into a relatively small aperture.
  • the corresponding wing 231 is shaped with an outer peripheral lip 232 which is larger than the elastic ring sewn into the sleeve around the opening 228.
  • Lip 232 provides an abutment surface for the elastic ring 230 and for the elasticity of the sleeve to pull up against so as to pull the wing into position against the arm of the cyclist.
  • a fabric panel 234 is provided so as to cover or close the opening 228 when the wing is not used.
  • FIG. 32 is similar to FIG. 24 as to the shape and position of the wing-portion relative to the upper arm of the cyclist.
  • a pouch was created in the sleeve so that a separate wing could be installed into the pouch. While this embodiment allows the wing to be a removable piece for each corresponding sleeve, it is unlikely that the jersey would be used without the wing since an empty pouch would create an aerodynamic inefficiency
  • the rigid and hollow shell 237 is created by an injection molding process wherein the fabric pouch of the sleeve is placed over the corresponding wing which is used as the male die portion of the molding process.
  • a split block mold female
  • a liquid (molten) molding compound is injected into the split block mold.
  • the compoun fuses to the fibers of the fabric pouch and a rigid and hollow shell is created when the compound cures (cools).
  • the molding compound is nylon.
  • the rigid and hollow shell 237 is created by a vacuum forming process.
  • a thermoforming compound is shaped over the mold form of the wing within the pouch by conventional vacuum forming techniques. The heating of the compound as it is shaped over the wing fuses the compound to the fibers of the fabric pouch.
  • a still further embodiment of the present invention as illustrated in FIG. 33 is to create a jersey 240 with an inflatable bladder 241 positioned within a shaped pouch 242 in each sleeve 182.
  • this bladder operates in a manner similar to the "PUMP" athletic shoes by REEBOK.
  • the bladder is inflated much like an air mattress.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des perfectionnements et des modules aérodynamiques pour le cyclisme et d'autres sports de vitesse tels que le patinage et le ski. Dans un premier mode de réalisation, l'invention se rapporte à un système permettant de réduire la résistance au vent, qui se compose de deux ailerons coniques aérodynamiques à porter en brassard ou jambière (72, 152, 153, 184). Pour le cyclisme, lesdits ailerons aérodynamiques (72, 184) sont maintenus en position à l'arrière de l'avant-bras au moyen d'un brassard en tissu élastique (74, 183). Ce brassard en tissu peut être la manche d'une combinaison collante, et l'aileron peut être une coque creuse. Pour le patinage de vitesse, les ailerons coniques (152) sont placés autour du mollet, et un aileron légèrement modifié (153) est attaché au talon de la chaussure du patin (151). Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le système de réduction de la résistance au vent se compose d'un déflecteur arrière épousant la forme du corps qui est attaché sur le dos d'un cycliste (20). Dans un autre mode de réalisation, un module aérodynamique conçu pour améliorer l'écoulement laminaire de l'air comprend une poche (73) avec une surface frontale conique saillante. Ladite poche (73) est maintenue en position autour du cycliste au moyen d'une ceinture en tissu élastique (80) et d'un ensemble de sangles (81, 82).
PCT/US1993/002486 1992-03-16 1993-03-15 Modules aerodynamiques pour le cyclisme, le patinage et autres sports de vitesse WO1993018673A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85181292A 1992-03-16 1992-03-16
US07/851,812 1992-03-16
US08/021,151 US5371903A (en) 1992-03-16 1993-03-08 Aerodynamic modules for cycling, skating and other speed sports
US08/021,151 1993-03-08

Publications (1)

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WO1993018673A1 true WO1993018673A1 (fr) 1993-09-30

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WO (1) WO1993018673A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996028052A1 (fr) * 1995-03-10 1996-09-19 John Waring Systeme de reduction de la resistance a l'air pour un athlete
EP3886626A4 (fr) * 2019-12-20 2022-03-09 Neves, Joao, M P Correia Profil aérodynamique pouvant être porté

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1677187A (en) * 1927-03-09 1928-07-17 Leibson Shane Ethel Sun visor
US3936075A (en) * 1973-03-13 1976-02-03 Robin Stewart Jelliffe Maternity protection device
US4193134A (en) * 1977-03-04 1980-03-18 Bristol-Myers Company Protective device with integrally molded pad
US4559747A (en) * 1983-06-10 1985-12-24 Engel Thomas H Container support apparatus
US4901898A (en) * 1988-09-14 1990-02-20 Colombo Richard J Waist-mounted infant carrier

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1677187A (en) * 1927-03-09 1928-07-17 Leibson Shane Ethel Sun visor
US3936075A (en) * 1973-03-13 1976-02-03 Robin Stewart Jelliffe Maternity protection device
US4193134A (en) * 1977-03-04 1980-03-18 Bristol-Myers Company Protective device with integrally molded pad
US4559747A (en) * 1983-06-10 1985-12-24 Engel Thomas H Container support apparatus
US4901898A (en) * 1988-09-14 1990-02-20 Colombo Richard J Waist-mounted infant carrier

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996028052A1 (fr) * 1995-03-10 1996-09-19 John Waring Systeme de reduction de la resistance a l'air pour un athlete
US5734990A (en) * 1995-03-10 1998-04-07 Waring; John Wearable article for athlete with vortex generators to reduce form drag
EP3886626A4 (fr) * 2019-12-20 2022-03-09 Neves, Joao, M P Correia Profil aérodynamique pouvant être porté
US11382366B2 (en) 2019-12-20 2022-07-12 Joao M P Correia Neves Wearable airfoil
US11771150B2 (en) 2019-12-20 2023-10-03 Joao M P Correia Neves Wearable airfoil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3923693A (en) 1993-10-21

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