WO1993016259A1

WO1993016259A1 - Waste storage facility and reinforced concrete supporting framework for such a storage facility

Info

Publication number: WO1993016259A1
Application number: PCT/EP1993/000337
Authority: WO
Inventors: Allo Assmann; Josef Rottmayr
Original assignee: Allo Assmann; Josef Rottmayr
Priority date: 1992-02-11
Filing date: 1993-02-11
Publication date: 1993-08-19
Also published as: EP0626030A1

Abstract

A storage facility designed as a giant container (10) radially symmetrical with respect to a vertical axis is composed of individual concrete segments. The wall area of the container is composed of two shells at least in a partial zone and forms an intermediate cavity for inspection purposes. The giant container (10) is essentially spherical and is composed of reinforced concrete prefabricated parts (20, 22) that have each an inner plate, an outer plate and a supporting member which links the plates leaving an intermediate cavity.

Description

STORAGE DEVICE FOR WASTE AND STEEL CONCRETE STRUCTURE FOR SUCH A STORAGE DEVICE

The invention relates to a storage device for waste in the form of a large container made of individual concrete segments which is rotationally symmetrical with respect to a vertical axis, the wall surface of which is double-shelled in at least one partial area and forms an intermediate space for inspection purposes. Furthermore, the invention relates to a protective cover for environmentally hazardous large plants such as nuclear power plants and the like, and to a reinforced concrete supporting structure for the storage facility or protective cover.

The permanent storage of waste, especially those that contain more or less dangerous substances, is causing increasing difficulties. In conventional landfills, it has been shown in many cases that hazardous substances can enter the groundwater and be transported on from there. It has therefore become common to cover landfill areas with foils and thus to seal them in a liquid-tight manner. However, foils can be destroyed, and in particular there is hardly any possibility with a construction of this type. Identify leaks early.

It is therefore also known to excavate the site intended for a landfill in a trough shape and to provide it with a double-shell concrete trough which contains an accessible space for inspection purposes. Here, however, a relatively high level of effort is required in relation to the capacity of the landfill.

Cylindrical large containers with a diameter of approximately 50 to 100 m and corresponding height have a better capacity, which are produced from individual concrete segments from top to bottom while the soil is continuously excavated within the container. In the case of these containers, it is also known to provide inspection passages below the bottom. The cost is also considerable.

From DE 30 31 868 C2 a double-glazed reinforced concrete supporting structure is known, which consists of one-piece cast, prefabricated elements, the switches or belt plates of which are connected by struts which run obliquely from the center of one of the belt plates to the outer corners of the other belt plate . This known, double-shell reinforced concrete structure has the disadvantage that the forces of the rod-like struts are conducted point-wise into the belt plates. Especially at the outside corners of an element there are high concentrations of force, which require corner designs made of solid steel construction. Such corner constructions made of steel, to which the reinforcing steel reinforcement of the struts and the belt plates have to be welded, are very expensive. The economic advantages of the one-piece production of the elements are thereby consumed again. Above all, due to the point-like concentration of forces, it is no longer possible to transmit the transverse forces of the structure at the strut ends from element to element using the means of reinforced concrete construction. Steel pins and gears must be arranged here, which require very small manufacturing tolerances.

Furthermore, the stress on the struts within a surface structure is so different that the reinforcements differ greatly from the four struts of an element. This results in numerous sub-types with a high risk of confusion with the same shape of the elements.

Furthermore, the manufacture of the elements of this known rod structure is complicated by the fact that the mold consists of at least four parts.

The invention has for its object to provide a storage facility in the form of a large container and a dome-shaped protective cover for environmentally hazardous large systems, which can be produced with relatively little material, and a double-shell reinforced concrete structure made of one-piece, prefabricated elements for such storage facilities To create conditions or protective covers, which avoids the punctiform introduction of strut forces into the belt shells, allows a surface transfer of the transverse forces at the joints between the segments with means of reinforced concrete, allows a limitation of the number of types of the elements and enables simple production by means of a two-part Mold allowed.

This object is achieved according to the invention with the features specified in independent claims 1, 6 and 7. With regard to the storage device, the solution according to claim 1 is that the large container is essentially spherical and consists of prefabricated reinforced concrete parts which each have an inner plate, an outer plate and a support device which connects the plates to form an intermediate space.

The biaxial curvature of the spherical shape leads to statically particularly favorable conditions which enable a corresponding saving in material. The assembly of the large container is simplified by the composition of the large container from prefabricated concrete parts.

The large container is at least partially let into the ground, i.e. up to the equator line. The excavated material can be used as a fill for the upper part, so that after completion the impression of a hill is created that can be planted.

The individual reinforced concrete precast elements can have a triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal or other polygonal outline. There are a number of systems for dividing a spherical surface into a limited number of approximately polygonal partial surfaces. as is the case with soccer balls or golf balls.

The support device, which connects the inner and outer surfaces and at the same time keeps them at a distance, can consist of one or more columns, struts or the like.

The dome-shaped protective cover according to claim 2 is based on the same construction principle as the large container described above, but essentially has the shape of a hemisphere, which corresponds to the upper half-shell of the spherical large container and, resting on a suitable ring foundation, the system to be protected arched.

Further refinements of the storage device according to the invention result from claims 2 to 5. The features of these claims can accordingly also be applied to the protective cover according to the invention. The reinforced concrete structure according to claim 7 is formed by prefabricated, one-piece cast elements, each consisting of two polygonal, similar or congruent belt shells, the thickness of which tapers from the center to the edge and which are each connected by a rigid central column are whose axis runs through the center points of the belt shells.

The center pillars can have the shape of a truncated cone or truncated pyramid, or they can each form a continuously curved line in cross section with the belt shells.

The outer surfaces of the belt shells of each element can be flat, dome-shaped or pyramid-shaped, with the resulting thickening of the belt shells reaching their maximum in the axis of the center pillars.

The end faces of the belt shells of the elements can be provided with molded teeth or have regular or irregular depressions (roughening).

The elements can be connected by reinforcing steel and / or prestressing steel reinforcements inserted into reinforcement channels, the cavities between the walls of the reinforcement channels and the reinforcement being pressed out with injection mortar. The prestressing steel reinforcement can be partially or generally curved in the interior of the reinforced concrete structure and anchored to the center pillar of the elements. Furthermore, the prestressing steel reinforcement can be coupled and anchored to the connecting joints of the elements.

The elements of the reinforced concrete structure can be produced on a formwork floor or on pallets by means of a two-part or multi-part form, the parts of which collide in parting planes from the axis of the central column to opposite corners of the belt shells and by moving the cast element apart Release take off.

The lower and / or upper belt shell of the elements can be reduced to bars, the axes of which each run through the center of the belt shells and the center column. Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawing.

Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical section through a large container according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is an external view of the large container;

3 shows a section of a spherical surface composed of triangles;

Fig. 4 shows a section of one of hexagons and

Pentagons compound spherical surface;

5 to 8 show different forms of imple mentation of concrete

Prefabricated parts with triangular plates;

9 to 11 show different embodiments of concrete

Prefabricated parts with hexagonal plates;

Fig. 12 is a partial cross section through a wall area of the

Bulk container;

Fig. 13 shows a section through an inventive double-sound reinforced concrete structure in a curved

Execution; the cut is not made in the axes of the central columns, but at the edge of the elements;

Flg. 14 shows a cross section through the axis of one of the elements of the double-sound reinforced concrete structure;

15 shows in perspective a hexagonal single element of a double-sound reinforcing concrete surface structure according to the invention;

Flg. 16 shows the section of a possible connection of FIG

Elements; Fig. 17 shows a variant of the individual element, in which the

Belt shells are reduced to bars.

Fig. 1 shows a spherical large container 10, which is installed in an approximately hemispherical trough 12 buried in the ground. so that the large container is embedded approximately up to the equator line in the original bottom surface 14. The resulting excavation and, if necessary, further soil forms a fill 16 on the part of the spherical large container protruding from the bottom surface, which at the same time forms a ramp 18 which allows garbage vehicles to approach. In the area of the ramp 18 there is a throw-in opening (not shown) for waste. A distribution system (not shown), which enables uniform filling of the large container and includes, for example, a traveling crane, is based on this opening in the interior of the large container.

The wall of the large container consists of individual elements in the form of prefabricated reinforced concrete, which form a double-shell wall construction with a hollow space, as will be explained in more detail later. Support devices are located between the inner and outer plates of the individual finished parts, which keep them at a distance. In Flg. 1 shows on the left side a first type of prefabricated part 20 with inclined struts as support means and on the right side another type (22) with support columns.

Flg. 2 shows an example of a composition of the surface of a sphere of hexagonal elements and a few pentagonal elements. One of these pentagonal elements is located, for example, in the center of the circle shown in FIG. 2.

Fig. 3 shows a spherical surface, which is composed of triangles. Here, too, the triangles form a pentagon in some points of the surface, but otherwise a hexagon.

FIG. 4 is a section of the spherical surface according to FIG. 2.

5 shows a first embodiment of a prefabricated part 24 as a wall element for the spherical surface according to the invention. The finished part shown has an in- nenplatte 26 and an outer plate 28 made of concrete, which are parallel to each other and connected by a central column or column 30 and at the same time kept at a distance.

Flg. 6 again shows a triangular inner plate 26 and a triangular outer plate 28, which are connected by a support 32 located in a corner of the triangles.

7, the triangular inner and outer plates 26, 28 are connected to one another by three supports 34, 36, 38 in the corners.

8 shows a finished part with a triangular inner plate 26 and outer plate 28, which are connected by three oblique struts 40, 42, 44, which run from the corners of the inner plate 26 to the center of the outer plate 28.

FIG. 9 shows a finished part with a hexagonal inner plate 46 and a hexagonal outer plate 48. These plates 46, 48 are connected to one another via a support or column 50 arranged in the middle.

10 again shows the two hexagonal plates 46.48, which are connected by three supports 52, 54, 56, which are located at three corners of the hexagonal plates.

According to Flg. 11, the inner plate 46 and the outer plate 48 are connected by three oblique struts 58, 60, 62 which run from the center of the outer plate 48 to three corners of the inner plate 46.

FIG. 12 shows a wall section from the spherical container from the essentially perpendicular part of the wall. It can be seen that the individual finished parts with their inner and outer plates together form an inner shell 64 and an outer shell 66, which are connected to one another by supports or columns 68 and are supported against one another to form a cavity. In this intermediate space a mobile device 70 is indicated, in which a pendulum-suspended passenger compartment 72 is arranged, which is always vertical in view of the constantly changing inclination of the spherical surface. This passenger compartment 72 serves to accommodate the control personnel. Channels are provided in the plates of the elements, through which prestressing strands are guided during the assembly process, with which the elements can be connected and braced.

To seal the container, the surfaces can be coated with suitable sealants, for example with sealing slurries, latex paints or the like. Films or bitumen sheets or the like can also be glued on. In addition, sheets of stainless steel, copper, lead or other metals of the appropriate size can be placed in the formwork and concreted on in one operation.

Seals are placed between the finished parts in the joints, which are pressed together when the finished parts are clamped, thus contributing to the sealing of the joints.

Precast concrete parts are considered to be particularly advantageous which have only one support or column for connecting two plates, which is supported in the center of the two plates, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 9. Such precast concrete parts are high. Essentially punctiform loads avoided at the corners of one or both plates, as may occur in the other embodiments. Furthermore, a simpler casting mold with only two parts can be used, while for finished parts according to Flg. 7, 8, 10 or 11 four-part shapes are necessary.

In the case of prefabricated parts with a support or column, the plates can be made triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal or hexagonal or in another way polygonal.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 9, the supports or columns can merge into the two plates in an arcuate or conical manner at both ends. This enables a structurally advantageous placement of the reinforcement.

The supports or columns can have a polygonal or round or other shape in cross-section.

The construction principle of a large container described above can easily be modified so that a hemispherical protective cover is formed, with which for example, a decommissioned nuclear power plant can be arched so that the release of radioactivity into the atmosphere is reliably prevented. Such a protective cover differs from the large container 10 shown in FIG. 1 only in that there is no excavation of the hemispherical trough 12 and instead an annular foundation is provided at the level of the bottom surface 14, which surrounds the nuclear power plant and the lower edge of the then only supports approximately hemispherical container shell 10.

The details of the reinforced concrete support according to the invention are to be explained below with reference to FIGS. 13 to 17.

13 shows how the double-shell steel concrete structure according to the invention is composed. The structure can be designed as a bar-shaped line structure or as a plate or shell-shaped surface structure with a one- or two-axis curvature. Curved structures are produced in that the belt shells 102, 103 of the elements 101 are of different sizes. The thrust forces present between the belt shells are taken over by the centrally arranged center pillars 104.

The cut element shown in FIG. 14 consists of a center column 104 and two belt shells 102, 103, which are reinforced towards the center. The center column 104 can have the shape of a double truncated pyramid or truncated cone, the axis of which passes through the center of the belt plates.

The cross section of the center column 104 can be polygonal, round or elliptical. The cross section of the center column 104 is preferably adapted to the outer shape of the belt shells 102.103 and can therefore have rounded or angular shapes.

The double pyramid or double truncated cone shape is adapted to the force curve in the element in the case of structures subjected to bending stress. The bending stress of the center column 104 is lowest in the middle. The inclined surfaces of the central column 104 are used to advantageously arrange the tension anchors for connecting the elements. The shape of the element can be designed such that the sides of the center pillar 104 and the inner sides of the belt shells facing it form a continuous line of curvature 106, the inner surfaces of the element either enclosing a rotationally symmetrical body, or of uniaxial curved surfaces are assembled to form burrs.

The cove shape of the belt shells 102, 103 corresponds on the one hand to the bending stress of the belt shells of the reinforced concrete structure, and on the other hand enables the mold to be removed from the mold at an early stage.

In Fig. 15, a hexagonal element of the double-sounding reinforced concrete structure is shown in perspective. The outer surfaces of the belt shells 102, 103 can be flat, as shown, but they can also be dome-shaped or pyramid-shaped, the ridge point being above the axis of the central column.

The inner surfaces of the belt shells form flat pyramids or cones that merge into the double-pillar middle column.

A possible connection of the segments 101 to one another is shown by way of example in FIG. 16. It is carried out by means of concrete or prestressing steel reinforcement 112 inserted into the reinforcement channels of the belt shells 116, which are coupled partly continuously, partly by screw sockets 113 - arranged in the joint area 105. Here, the pushed reinforcement bar is clamped against an anchor plate 119 with a tensioning screw 114 and one element is pressed against the adjacent one. The insertion reinforcement 112 is non-positively connected to the element body by injected grout 117 into the space between steel 112 and channel wall 116. As reinforcement, there are also tensioning systems known in construction, e.g. Dywidag or Suspa can be used.

The edges of the belt shells have a toothing 115 running in the direction of the supporting plane or a roughening. Mortar or adhesive 118 introduced into the joints 105 takes over the transfer of the transverse forces between the elements. As an alternative, the connection of the elements is also established by means of a tension reinforcement which leads to the ends of the belt shells or inwards and is anchored to the center pillar. This connection is explained in FIG. 14.

Of course, the connection of the elements can also be established by other known or new solutions.

Fig. 17 shows a square element in plan of the reinforced concrete structure according to the invention in front view, side view and top view. The lower belt shell 103 is thicker than the upper belt shell.

By omitting lateral parts of the lower belt plate 120, a lower belt rod is created. On the same catfish, the belt shells can also be reduced to crossed belt bars. The belt shells of the reinforced concrete structure according to the invention thus become rods or rod networks.

The described segments of the reinforced concrete structure according to the invention can be produced with a two-part or multi-part casting mold. To remove the element, the parts of the mold are moved apart or turned apart in the opposite direction. After opening, the element is lifted out and the mold is prepared for the next operation. For molds that are open at the top, the concrete is poured in through this opening. In another embodiment according to the invention, it is closed. In this case, the concrete is pumped into the mold with pressure.

If corresponding displacement bodies are used in the belt shell area of the casting mold, elements with a rod-shaped belt formation are produced corresponding to the element of the reinforced concrete structure according to the invention shown in FIG. 17.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Storage facility for waste in the form of a large container made of individual concrete segments which is rotationally symmetrical with respect to a vertical axis, the wall surface of which is double-sounded in at least one partial area and forms an intermediate space for inspection purposes, characterized in that the Large container (10) is essentially spherical and consists of reinforced concrete prefabricated parts (20, 22), each of which has an inner plate (26, 46), an outer plate (28, 48) and a support device (30 to 44; 50 to 62), which connects the plates to form a gap.

2. Bearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner and outer plates (26, 28) of the reinforced concrete prefabricated parts (20, 22) have a triangular outline.

3. Bearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner and outer plates (46, 48) have a triangular, in particular pentagonal or hexagonal outline.

4. Storage device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the support direction of the reinforced concrete prefabricated by one or more the inner and outer plate (26,28,46,48) connecting columns or supports (30 to 44; 50 to 62) is built.

5. Bearing device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that in the inner and / or outer plate (26.28,46,48) channels for receiving prestressing strands for bracing the finished parts (20,22) are provided .

6. Protective cover for environmentally hazardous large-scale systems, in the form of a dome which is rotationally symmetrical with respect to a vertical axis, the wall surface of which is double-sounded at least in a partial area, characterized in that the dome (10) is essentially spherical and is formed from Precast reinforced concrete parts (20, 22), each having an inner plate (26, 46), an outer plate (28, 48) and a support device (30 to 44; 50 to 62), which form the plates to form an intermediate ¬ space connects.

7. Double-sounded reinforced concrete structure consisting of prefabricated, one-piece cast elements, characterized in that the elements each consist of two triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal or hexagonal, similar or con gruent belt shells, the thickness of which varies from the center to the edge tapered towards and each connected by a rigid central column, the axis of which goes through the center points of the belt shells.