WO1993014877A1 - Atomization process - Google Patents

Atomization process Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993014877A1
WO1993014877A1 PCT/SE1993/000050 SE9300050W WO9314877A1 WO 1993014877 A1 WO1993014877 A1 WO 1993014877A1 SE 9300050 W SE9300050 W SE 9300050W WO 9314877 A1 WO9314877 A1 WO 9314877A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
gas
streams
media
stream
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1993/000050
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans Gunnar Larsson
Original Assignee
Hg Tech Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hg Tech Ab filed Critical Hg Tech Ab
Publication of WO1993014877A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993014877A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0807—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0807—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets
    • B05B7/0846—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets with jets being only jets constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/088—Fluid nozzles, e.g. angle, distance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of atomizing liquids, preferably molten metal, by disintegrating a tapping stream of the liquid with the aid of at least one media stream Such a method is described in Swedish patent specification 8704906-1.
  • the angle of discharge between the vertical planes of the media streams is such that a zone is formed between the media streams immediately prior to their vertical line of intersection, where the suction of one stream towards surrounding medium is compensated by backwardly flowing atomizing medium, and that the tapping stream is caused to pass down between the media streams in the zone formed.
  • the angle may be between 0 and 60°, for instance, preferably between 5 and 20°.
  • the method described can be used for atomizing metal melts, the media streams consisting of gas or liquid.
  • Nitrogen or argon are often used for gas atomization (media stream of gas), and the powder produced is characterised by low oxygen content and spherical shape.
  • Such powder is normally used in hot isostatic pressing and for surfacing coating with thermal processes.
  • the powder particles In certain process comprising consolidation of such powder through sintering, it is desirable for the powder particles to be extremely small in order to hasten the sintering process. For such applications the coarser powder may have to be screened off, resulting in low yield and therefore high cost. A higher yield of fine powder is thus desirable for such applications.
  • Water is usually used for liquid atomization (media stream of liquid), but oil is also possible.
  • the powder obtained from water atomization is characterised by irregular shape which is an advantage for subsequent processes aimed at achieving a green body by means of pressing. In such processes the powder is pressed cold to form a green body which is then sintered to give it the required strength.
  • oxidization occurs rapidly in the particle, surface, which prevents the particles from becoming spherical and gives them irregular shape.
  • Atomizing with liquid (such as water) requires very large pumping equipment of considerable size in order to obtain sufficient quantities/pressure. It can also be noted that it the manufacture of nozzles for water atomization, where the gap opening may be some tenths of a millimetre wide and a few decimetres high, is also expensive.
  • the water pressure may be 100-200 bar.
  • the present invention constitutes a solution of these and other associated problems and where the media stream or streams consist(s) of liquid and gas, and is characterised in that the media streams are supplied separately or mixed, the liquid arriving nearest to the tapping stream at or close to the line of intersection between the streams, or being dispersed in the gas.
  • the drawbacks of atomizing with a media stream consisting only of liquid are thus avoided and the method entails substantial supplementation of gas atomization.
  • the disintegration of a preferably vertical tapping stream is achieved with the aid of preferably horizontal media streams, where two streams of an atomizing medium having large vertical extension and horizontal direction of flow are formed by two separate, gap-shaped nozzles or rows of nozzles located at the same level, said streams being caused to flow at a certain angle to each other between the vertical planes of the media streams.
  • the liquid suitably consists of liquid nitrogen.
  • the gas, the liquid gas and the melt will therefore be mixed in the atomizing zone and, due to the high temperature of the melt, extremely rapid vaporization and expansion of the liquid gas will occur.
  • the rapid, almost explosive vaporization gives high turbulence intensity and thus effective atomization of the melt into small particles.
  • the media may be mixed in the nozzle or applied in separate nozzles.
  • the nozzle tubes may be curved in shape so that centrifugal forces concentrate the liquid in an inner track, thus ensuring that it arrives nearest to the tapping stream.
  • the liquid may per se have high pressure and thus high velocity, and the gas helps to maintain this velocity.
  • the liquid may also enter the tubes with lower velocity and be accelerated by the gas to a higher velocity.
  • the proportions between gas and liquid may vary from only a small amount of the total media stream consisting of liquid to most of it consisting of liquid, depending on the effect desired, such as more or less oxidization with water-atomization or, for instance, the degree of extra atomization with gas-atomization.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a section, seen from above, through the means used in the procedure according to the invention, and Figure 1A the same means seen from the side.
  • Figure 2 illustrates sections A -A and B-B in Figure 1.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show two variants of the method according to the invention, and Figure 5 shows a counter-flow barrier.
  • Figure 1 shows a vertical section through two tubes 1, 2 with vertical, elongate discharge nozzles or rows of nozzles.
  • the tubes for this medium are provided with partition walls 3, 4 to separate liquid such as water, from gas such as air, in the media streams. These walls terminate at 15 prior to passage of the tapping stream 5 of molten metal or other liquid which is to be disintegrated/atomized.
  • the tapping stream 5 is vertical and is located prior to the line of intersection 6 of the media streams.
  • the media streams 7, 8 shall form a certain angle between them, such as up to 60°, suitably 5-20°, and the location of the tapping stream 5 in relation to the streams 7, 8 is calculated so that one stream of the surrounding medium is compensated by backward flowing atomizing medium.
  • Figure 1A illustrates this from the side.
  • Figure 2 shows the nozzle sections at A-A and B-B in Figure 1, and the location of the partition walls (3, 4). However, as mentioned, these may be omitted.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment to strengthen the centrifugal effect of the liquid, media streams 7, 8 and the tapping stream of metal melt (or other liquid) to be atomized. Water/liquid is blown in at 9 and 10 by means of a pipe or through a gap in the wall of the nozzle.
  • the media stream with liquid such as water, and gas such as air, may be already mixed at the beginning of the tubes and due to centrifugal forces at the entry radii the water will arrive nearest to the tapping stream 5 and the other media stream.
  • Figure 4 shows one half of another alternative in which water is blown into the tubes nearest the tapping stream 5 and intersection line 6 (see 11, or 12). The water is blown in through a pipe or a gap in the wall of the tube. The water is thus directed towards the inner portions of the media streams (close to the tapping stream 5) due to centrifugal forces. (Compare the above with the description of Figure 3.)
  • Figure 4 also shows an alternative in which the water is supplied in one or more separate nozzle(s) 16 located between the gas nozzles.
  • a barrier of a counter-directed media stream 13 (liquid such as water and/or gas such as air) may be arranged near the discharge orifices of the nozzles, i.e. where media and melt still have high velocity. This greatly increases the contact surface between the liquid to be atomized (the melt) and the media 7, 8. (See Figure 5.) Liquid may be supplied (17) in an annular gap (at 18).

Landscapes

  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of atomizing molten metal and other liquids by disintegration of a preferably vertical tapping stream (5) of the liquid with the aid of preferably horizontal media streams (7, 8). Two streams (7, 8) of an atomizing medium having large vertical extension and horizontal direction of flow are formed by two separate, gap-shaped nozzles or rows of nozzles located at the same level, said streams being caused to flow at a certain angle to each other between the vertical planes of the media streams. The invention is characterized in that the media streams (7, 8) consist of liquid and gas, supplied separately or mixed, the liquid arriving nearest to the tapping stream (5) at and/or close to the line of intersection (6) between the streams.

Description

Atomization process Technical field
The present invention relates to a method of atomizing liquids, preferably molten metal, by disintegrating a tapping stream of the liquid with the aid of at least one media stream Such a method is described in Swedish patent specification 8704906-1.
Background art
In this procedure the angle of discharge between the vertical planes of the media streams is such that a zone is formed between the media streams immediately prior to their vertical line of intersection, where the suction of one stream towards surrounding medium is compensated by backwardly flowing atomizing medium, and that the tapping stream is caused to pass down between the media streams in the zone formed. Various directions for the gap-shaped nozzles or rows of nozzles are suggested by way of example in the patent specification mentioned above. The angle may be between 0 and 60°, for instance, preferably between 5 and 20°.
The method described can be used for atomizing metal melts, the media streams consisting of gas or liquid. Nitrogen or argon are often used for gas atomization (media stream of gas), and the powder produced is characterised by low oxygen content and spherical shape. Such powder is normally used in hot isostatic pressing and for surfacing coating with thermal processes.
In certain process comprising consolidation of such powder through sintering, it is desirable for the powder particles to be extremely small in order to hasten the sintering process. For such applications the coarser powder may have to be screened off, resulting in low yield and therefore high cost. A higher yield of fine powder is thus desirable for such applications.
Water is usually used for liquid atomization (media stream of liquid), but oil is also possible. The powder obtained from water atomization is characterised by irregular shape which is an advantage for subsequent processes aimed at achieving a green body by means of pressing. In such processes the powder is pressed cold to form a green body which is then sintered to give it the required strength. When water atomization is used, particularly when air is also present, oxidization occurs rapidly in the particle, surface, which prevents the particles from becoming spherical and gives them irregular shape. Atomizing with liquid (such as water) requires very large pumping equipment of considerable size in order to obtain sufficient quantities/pressure. It can also be noted that it the manufacture of nozzles for water atomization, where the gap opening may be some tenths of a millimetre wide and a few decimetres high, is also expensive. The water pressure may be 100-200 bar.
Summary of the invention
The present invention constitutes a solution of these and other associated problems and where the media stream or streams consist(s) of liquid and gas, and is characterised in that the media streams are supplied separately or mixed, the liquid arriving nearest to the tapping stream at or close to the line of intersection between the streams, or being dispersed in the gas. The drawbacks of atomizing with a media stream consisting only of liquid are thus avoided and the method entails substantial supplementation of gas atomization.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the disintegration of a preferably vertical tapping stream is achieved with the aid of preferably horizontal media streams, where two streams of an atomizing medium having large vertical extension and horizontal direction of flow are formed by two separate, gap-shaped nozzles or rows of nozzles located at the same level, said streams being caused to flow at a certain angle to each other between the vertical planes of the media streams.
When gas-atomizing with nitrogen, for instance, the liquid suitably consists of liquid nitrogen. The gas, the liquid gas and the melt will therefore be mixed in the atomizing zone and, due to the high temperature of the melt, extremely rapid vaporization and expansion of the liquid gas will occur. The rapid, almost explosive vaporization gives high turbulence intensity and thus effective atomization of the melt into small particles.
When liquid-atomizing with water, for instance, where the gas can be air, oxidization of the melt/powder particles is obtained as well as the above-mentioned atomization effect and, as already mentioned, an irregular shape is obtained.
When atomizing with double media streams as in the combinations described above, for instance, the media may be mixed in the nozzle or applied in separate nozzles. The nozzle tubes may be curved in shape so that centrifugal forces concentrate the liquid in an inner track, thus ensuring that it arrives nearest to the tapping stream.
The liquid may per se have high pressure and thus high velocity, and the gas helps to maintain this velocity. The liquid may also enter the tubes with lower velocity and be accelerated by the gas to a higher velocity.
The proportions between gas and liquid may vary from only a small amount of the total media stream consisting of liquid to most of it consisting of liquid, depending on the effect desired, such as more or less oxidization with water-atomization or, for instance, the degree of extra atomization with gas-atomization.
Drawings
The invention will be exemplified more fully in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 illustrates a section, seen from above, through the means used in the procedure according to the invention, and Figure 1A the same means seen from the side. Figure 2 illustrates sections A -A and B-B in Figure 1. Figures 3 and 4 show two variants of the method according to the invention, and Figure 5 shows a counter-flow barrier.
Description of the drawings
Figure 1 shows a vertical section through two tubes 1, 2 with vertical, elongate discharge nozzles or rows of nozzles. The tubes for this medium are provided with partition walls 3, 4 to separate liquid such as water, from gas such as air, in the media streams. These walls terminate at 15 prior to passage of the tapping stream 5 of molten metal or other liquid which is to be disintegrated/atomized. The tapping stream 5 is vertical and is located prior to the line of intersection 6 of the media streams. As mentioned in the above-mentioned patent specification, the media streams 7, 8 shall form a certain angle between them, such as up to 60°, suitably 5-20°, and the location of the tapping stream 5 in relation to the streams 7, 8 is calculated so that one stream of the surrounding medium is compensated by backward flowing atomizing medium. Figure 1A illustrates this from the side.
Figure 2 shows the nozzle sections at A-A and B-B in Figure 1, and the location of the partition walls (3, 4). However, as mentioned, these may be omitted. Figure 3 shows an embodiment to strengthen the centrifugal effect of the liquid, media streams 7, 8 and the tapping stream of metal melt (or other liquid) to be atomized. Water/liquid is blown in at 9 and 10 by means of a pipe or through a gap in the wall of the nozzle.
The media stream with liquid such as water, and gas such as air, may be already mixed at the beginning of the tubes and due to centrifugal forces at the entry radii the water will arrive nearest to the tapping stream 5 and the other media stream.
Figure 4 shows one half of another alternative in which water is blown into the tubes nearest the tapping stream 5 and intersection line 6 (see 11, or 12). The water is blown in through a pipe or a gap in the wall of the tube. The water is thus directed towards the inner portions of the media streams (close to the tapping stream 5) due to centrifugal forces. (Compare the above with the description of Figure 3.) Figure 4 also shows an alternative in which the water is supplied in one or more separate nozzle(s) 16 located between the gas nozzles.
As shown in Swedish patent specification 8704905-2, a barrier of a counter-directed media stream 13 (liquid such as water and/or gas such as air) may be arranged near the discharge orifices of the nozzles, i.e. where media and melt still have high velocity. This greatly increases the contact surface between the liquid to be atomized (the melt) and the media 7, 8. (See Figure 5.) Liquid may be supplied (17) in an annular gap (at 18).
Besides the mentioned media combination of air-water, combinations of inert gas-water, inert gas-oil and hydrocarbon (gas)-oil as well as liquid gas-gas such as nitrogen or argon are also possible. Water vapour may also be used as hydrogen gas.
The invention can be varied in many ways within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

Claims
1. A method of atomizing liquids, preferably molten metal, by disintegrating a tapping stream of the liquid with the aid of at least one media stream, the media stream or streams 7, 8 consisting of liquid and gas, characterised in that the media streams 7, 8 are supplied separately or mixed, the liquid arriving nearest to the tapping stream 5 at or close to the line of intersection between the streams 7, 8, or being dispersed in the gas.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the disintegration of a preferably vertical tapping stream 5 is achieved with the aid of preferably horizontal media streams, where two streams 7, 8 of an atomizing medium having large vertical extension and horizontal direction of flow are formed by two separate, gap-shaped nozzles or rows of nozzles located at the same level, said streams being caused to flow at a certain angle to each other between the vertical planes of the media streams.
3. A method as claimed in claims 12, characterised in that the media streams 7, 8 comprising gas and liquid, the liquid consisting of water, oil or liquid gas, and the gas consisting of air, water vapour, inert gas or gaseous hydrocarbon.
4. A method as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the medium is supplied separately in tubes 2, 3 where liquid and gas are separated in the nozzle by means of walls 3, 4.
5. A method as claimed claims 2-3, characterised in that liquid is supplied to the gas in the media streams 7, 8 at the rear part of the tubes or shortly before contact with the tapping stream 5.
6. A method as claimed claims 2-3, characterised in that the liquid is supplied via separate nozzles located between gas tubes with horizontal to vertical direction of the liquid flow.
7. A method as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims 2-6, characterised in that close to the discharge orifices of the nozzles, i.e. where the velocity is still high, a barrier 13 of counter-directed stream of media is arranged in order to greatly increase the contact surface between the liquid to be atomized and the media.
PCT/SE1993/000050 1992-01-28 1993-01-25 Atomization process WO1993014877A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9200224A SE507828C2 (en) 1992-01-28 1992-01-28 Atomiseringsförfarande
SE9200224-5 1992-01-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993014877A1 true WO1993014877A1 (en) 1993-08-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1993/000050 WO1993014877A1 (en) 1992-01-28 1993-01-25 Atomization process

Country Status (2)

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SE (1) SE507828C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1993014877A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000016890A1 (en) * 1998-09-23 2000-03-30 Kevin Philippe Daniel Perry Apparatus and method for atomising a liquid and granulating a molten substance
WO2001026793A1 (en) * 1999-10-15 2001-04-19 Avestapolarit Aktiebolag (Publ.) Method for separation of a molten mixture
WO2001026794A1 (en) * 1999-10-15 2001-04-19 Avestapolarit Aktiebolag (Publ) Method relating to granulation and apparatus therefor
US7152808B2 (en) 2000-05-22 2006-12-26 Kautex Textron Cvs Limited Fluid spray nozzle
WO2013107881A1 (en) * 2012-01-20 2013-07-25 Ecotecfuel Llc Method and apparatus for separating evaporatable components from a fluid

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB812341A (en) * 1956-02-03 1959-04-22 Berk F W & Co Ltd A process for the manufacture of metal powders
DE1483566A1 (en) * 1964-07-09 1969-02-20 Elek Ska Svetsningsaktiebolage Method and device for comminuting liquid metal
WO1989005196A1 (en) * 1987-12-09 1989-06-15 Hg Tech Ab A method and equipment for microatomizing liquids, preferably melts

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB812341A (en) * 1956-02-03 1959-04-22 Berk F W & Co Ltd A process for the manufacture of metal powders
DE1483566A1 (en) * 1964-07-09 1969-02-20 Elek Ska Svetsningsaktiebolage Method and device for comminuting liquid metal
WO1989005196A1 (en) * 1987-12-09 1989-06-15 Hg Tech Ab A method and equipment for microatomizing liquids, preferably melts

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 11, No. 234, M-611; & JP,A,62 044 512, (KOBE STEEL LTD), 26 February 1987. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 11, No. 234, M-611; & JP,A,62 044 513, (KOBE STEEL LTD), 26 February 1987. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 11, No. 235, M-612; & JP,A,62 047 413, (KOBE STEEL LTD), 2 March 1987. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 12, No. 67, M-673; & JP,A,62 214 104, (NIPPON KOKAN K.K.), 19 Sept. 1987. *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000016890A1 (en) * 1998-09-23 2000-03-30 Kevin Philippe Daniel Perry Apparatus and method for atomising a liquid and granulating a molten substance
WO2001026793A1 (en) * 1999-10-15 2001-04-19 Avestapolarit Aktiebolag (Publ.) Method for separation of a molten mixture
WO2001026794A1 (en) * 1999-10-15 2001-04-19 Avestapolarit Aktiebolag (Publ) Method relating to granulation and apparatus therefor
US7152808B2 (en) 2000-05-22 2006-12-26 Kautex Textron Cvs Limited Fluid spray nozzle
WO2013107881A1 (en) * 2012-01-20 2013-07-25 Ecotecfuel Llc Method and apparatus for separating evaporatable components from a fluid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE507828C2 (en) 1998-07-20
SE9200224D0 (en) 1992-01-28
SE9200224L (en) 1993-07-29

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