WO1993012019A1 - Drive for a rotating drum useful as a collecting container on refuse collection vehicles, composting drums or the like - Google Patents
Drive for a rotating drum useful as a collecting container on refuse collection vehicles, composting drums or the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993012019A1 WO1993012019A1 PCT/AT1992/000164 AT9200164W WO9312019A1 WO 1993012019 A1 WO1993012019 A1 WO 1993012019A1 AT 9200164 W AT9200164 W AT 9200164W WO 9312019 A1 WO9312019 A1 WO 9312019A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drive
- drum
- segments
- ring
- bearing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
- B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
- B65F3/14—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle
- B65F3/22—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle with screw conveyors, rotary tanks
Definitions
- the invention relates to a drive for a rotating drum as a collecting container on refuse collection vehicles, composting drums or the like.
- the drum has a closed end face and a central bearing journal thereon and is rotatably mounted at its opposite, open end by means of a large ball bearing, the inner or the outer ring of the large ball bearing is connected to the drum and the open end of the drum is pivoted upwards with a cover which is rotatable with respect to the drum and which has a helical guide or.
- Compression plate has, is closable, and wherein the drum by means of a circular shift to drive elements, which engage in a, arranged on the container circumference or on the outer ring of the large ball bearing ring gear, roller ring or a fixed roller chain, can be set in rotation, the pitch circle of the teeth Drive elements has a larger diameter than the pitch circle of the roller chain, toothing, roller ring or the like to be driven, and any points of the drive elements in relation to the rotary drum describe cycloids.
- the extent of the eccentric circle, which is described by all points of the drive elements corresponds exactly to the division of the roller ring, gear or the like to be driven.
- Another disadvantage is the high level of noise generated by the cast, forged or forged, very imprecise gear rim welded onto the circumference of the container.
- AT-PS 394 840 it is also known to drive a sprocket or chain ring, which is arranged on the drum circumference, through the container on the entire circumference comprehensive drive rings which execute a cycloid movement relative to the drum.
- the disadvantages here are the high mechanical accuracy required in the design, owing to the widely spaced bearing locations with low eccentricity of the drive eccentric, and the high weight, the drive rings surrounding the container, which are also designed to be kink-resistant have to.
- Such a planetary gear with eccentric and cycloid teeth is described in DE-PS 24 33 675.
- DD-PS 229 468 describes a "cam chain transmission" which has two cam segments which are arranged parallel to one another and are offset by 180 degrees by means of roller bearings on an eccentric shaft and an eccentric abutment, which is also composed of a driven roller chain, Tensioning device, as well as a guide to prevent the chain from evading.
- the cam segments When the eccentric shaft and the eccentric abutment rotate, the cam segments perform a circular shift and, by alternately engaging a cam toothing in a roller chain, drive it.
- the gear arrangement shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 of DD-PS 229 468 - with an eccentric shaft and a corresponding eccentric abutment - transfers the circular displacement of the cam segments to a translational movement of the chain.
- At least two arcuate-shaped drive elements with a length of a fraction of the circumference of the drum and in the area of a defined circular arc section (b) in the ----- ancestor or the roller chain ring in the form of a rolling process are provided with phase-shifting engaging drive segments, which are driven by two shafts running in the same way in a known manner, via eccentrics arranged on them in accordance with the number of drive segments, the pitch circle radius of the drive segments being known as such , by the value e (e. - .. eccentricity) is greater than the pitch circle radius of the roller chain, toothing or the like.
- the shafts of the parallel cranks are optionally using a chain, gear, toothed belt drive, coupling triangle or the like. Forced to synchronize n, the gear in the area of a drive axle having a radial, movable in the direction of the adjacent drive axle movable bearing, whereas in the area of the drive shaft coupled to the drive motor, a fixed bearing is provided with respect to radial mobility. This optional measure is intended to ensure that - especially with my eccentricities - a synchronism of the drive shafts is guaranteed.
- This drive thus has the advantage that the circumferential force for the container drive can be introduced over the length of a defined circular arc with a small space requirement, thereby avoiding local overloading of the bearing and drive elements.
- the system has the advantage that an additional, expensive planetary gear as an attachment to the hydraulic motor for the drum drive can be dispensed with, since translations of approx. 1: 100 can be reached.
- the drive unit can be accommodated in its own gearbox, which can be screwed directly to the bearing bracket of the large ball bearing and has an adjustment option in the radial direction for changing the engagement play.
- the bearing of the drive unit - which is mainly driven by one or two hydraulic motors - directly onto the inner or outer ring of the large ball bearing, or to design a bearing ring of the large ball bearing itself as a housing for the mounting of the drive shafts with the eccentrics.
- the drive unit simultaneously as a connecting link between the upper and lower bearing supports of the large ball bearing; A box girder that encompasses the large ball bearing as a whole can therefore also be omitted for this reason.
- a further embodiment or application of the invention shows a continuous drive possibility of linearly moving racks, tensioned roller chain rods and the like. It is a special case of the transmission, namely with an imaginary container radius of infinity, thus creating a straight element to be moved .
- FIG. 1 shows the drive on a garbage truck in a side view.
- Fig. 2 shows the construction of the garbage truck with the rotary drum lifted from above.
- Fig. 3 is a rear view of such a vehicle.
- FIG. 4 shows a drive unit in detail and
- FIG. 5 shows a section through the drive according to the invention.
- 5 and 6 show further variants of the drive.
- Fig. 8 shows an embodiment in which the drive shafts are mounted directly in the outer ring of the large ball bearing.
- 9 shows an embodiment using a larger number of drive elements.
- Fig. 10 shows a construction in the form of a rack gear.
- 11 and 12 show kinematic diagrams of the drive according to the invention.
- FIG. 13 shows another mounting of the transmission on the vehicle subframe.
- Fig. 14 shows a transmission with a synchronous coupling of the Drive shafts.
- Fig. 15 the same transmission in section.
- Fig. 16 shows a linear rack drive using a coupling gear.
- 17 is an illustration of the eccentric adjustment according to the invention.
- 18 shows the kinematic relationship of the tooth geometry and the formation of the cycloids.
- 19 and 20 show variants of transmission elements.
- 21 shows a synchronous control of the drive shafts by means of a coupling triangle.
- FIGS. 22 to 28 show the engagement situation in the individual phases on the basis of a computer simulation for a complete revolution of the eccentric shafts.
- a drum -4- which serves as a collecting container, is rotatably mounted on a refuse collection vehicle -1-, with a vehicle frame -2-. There is a central bearing pin -5- on the front end of the drum -4-. In the open, rear area, the drum -4- is rotatably supported by a large ball bearing -6-.
- a rear cover -7- is pivoted upwards over the bearing point -8- by means of the hydraulic cylinders -15-. This rear cover -7- carries a frustoconical part -7a-, which has a spiral screw plate -14, for transporting and compacting the waste.
- a screw plate -13- is also provided on the inner wall of the drum -4- for conveying the waste to the front drum area.
- a ring gear or roller chain ring -10- is used to drive the drum -4-, in which the drive unit -16-, which is operated by means of hydraulic motors -17,18-, engages.
- Fig. 2 shows a view of the rear part of the vehicle from above.
- the drive unit -16- is directly attached to the lower bearing bracket -21- of the large ball bearing -6- and in the example has three drive segments -30, 31, 32-.
- the auxiliary frame -3- is connected to a bracket -3a-, on which the lower bearing bracket -21- is pivotally mounted in a certain area about a vertical and horizontal axis.
- the large ball bearing -6- is held axially via a centering plate -24-, which is connected by means of a bolt -27- to the two pins - 25,26-, which in turn are welded to the subframe bracket -3a-, whereby the Support bracket -21- supported at the same time on two sub-bearings -22,23- on subframe -3-.
- the cover locks 12, 12, which are connected to the bearing bracket 21 by means of brackets 19, 20.
- Fig. 3 shows the rear view of the vehicle with the drive according to the invention.
- the large ball bearing -6- each has a one-piece lower bearing bracket -21- and an upper bearing bracket -21a-, which encircle the large ball bearing -6- from above and below and extend approximately to the horizontal center of the drum, the both parts -21- and -21a- are connected to each other by the outer ring -6a-.
- a fo ⁇ nrohrrahmen -28- or -29- serves to cover the rear part, or as a holder for the cladding panels.
- the drive unit -16- with the oil motor -17- is screwed onto the lower bearing bracket -21-.
- the drive elements -30,31,32- engage over the length of the circular arc (b) in the toothed ring -10- or chain ring.
- Fig. 4 shows a detailed view of the drive according to the invention.
- the drive segments -30,31,32- mesh with the roller chain -10-, which is arranged on the circumference of the drum so as to rotate around it.
- Two eccentric shafts -34,35- carry the eccentrics -36,37,38-, which in the example work 120 degrees out of phase.
- the drive unit -16- has its own bearing housing -16a-, which can be fastened in a free corner area by means of longitudinal bores -39,40- on a vertical side surface of the lower or upper bearing bracket -21- or 21a-.
- the chain ring has the radius Rl
- the drive segments -30,31,32- have the larger radius R2.
- R2 Rl + e. (e ... eccentricity of the eccentrics -36,37,38-).
- the drive segments -30,31,32- perform a circular shift , whereby any point of the drive segments -30,31,32- describes an identical circular path with the radius
- Fig. 5 shows a section of the embodiment of Fig. 4.
- the housing -16a- of the drive unit -16- is directly attached to the lower or upper bearing bracket -21- or 21a- via spacer sleeves -41,42-.
- the drive shafts -34,35- are roller-mounted in the housing - 16a- and are set in rotation in the same direction by the oil motor -17-.
- a roller chain -10- is non-slip connected to the drum -4 - by means of a chain carrier -10a-.
- 6 and 7 show further embodiments of the drive. As already mentioned, it is also possible to connect the outer ring -43a- of the large ball bearing -43- to the drum -4-.
- the inner ring -43b- is at rest connected to the lower and upper bearing bracket -21,21a-.
- the outer ring -43a has a toothing -44- in which the drive segments -30,31,32- engage (FIG. 6).
- Fig. 7 shows a variant in which the drive unit -16- is screwed to the large ball bearing -54- by means of its own bearing bracket - 48-.
- the inner ring -54b- has spur gear teeth -55-, which in turn engage the drive segments -30,31,32- out of phase.
- the outer ring -6a- of the large ball bearing -6- also serves as a bearing for the drive shafts -56,56a-.
- the drive shafts -56,56a- are rotatably supported by roller bearings -57,58- and are set in rotation by means of an oil motor -17-and spline teeth -56a, 56b-.
- the drive segments -30,31,32- engage in their own rollers -60- arranged on the circumference of the container, instead of a roller chain, whereby these rollers -60- mounted on a roller ring carrier -6c- can have plain bearings -61- or roller bearings .
- the bolt -59- is simultaneously designed as an axis for the rollers -60-.
- the roller ring formed from the rollers -60- can, however, also be arranged separately from the large ball bearing -6-, parallel to the latter.
- Fig. 9 shows in the example that more than three drive segments can also be used.
- the drive segments -65,66,67,68- shown in FIG. 9 are connected to the drive shafts -34,35- via eccentrics -63- and roller bearings -64- and can be designed to be very narrow and space-saving, since there are always several drive segments - 65,66,67,68- engage simultaneously.
- the roller chain -10- is clamped to the drum -4- via an elastic pad -62-.
- Fig. 10 shows the embodiment of a kind of rack toothing.
- the teeth of the drive segments - 70, 71, 72 - are arranged on a straight line, but the pitch circle radius R2 is still maintained, which ensures that the engagement along the entire toothing of the drive segments - 70, 71, 72 - in the ring gear -74- is.
- Fig. 11 shows a schematic representation of the function of the drive with three drive segments -30,31,32-.
- each of the three drive segments -30,31,32- combs along the circular arc (b).
- the circular arc of the drive segments -30,31,32- with the radius R2 practically rolls in the relative movement on the circumference of the circle with the radius R1 (partial circle of the chain ring).
- the eccentricity (e) must be designed according to the specified formalism so that each tooth of the drive elements -30,31,32- after one revolution of the drive shafts -34,35,56,56a- exactly in a tooth gap of the ring gear or roller chain ring -10- intervenes. See the formulas in Fig. 11!
- Fig. 12 shows the schematic embodiment with four drive segments -30,31,32,33-.
- the minimum transmission angle and the degree of coverage are even higher, the circumferential force is simultaneously divided into several drive segments -30,31,32,33-, which means that they are subjected to less bending and can therefore have a weaker dimension.
- the two drive shafts -34,35- run synchronously, without ever reaching a dead center even when using only one oil motor -17-.
- Fig. 13 shows another arrangement of the transmission -16- on the underside of the drum -4-.
- the gearbox -16- is supported by means of elastic rubber elements -75,76- in the central axis of the drum -10- on the auxiliary frame -3-, which in turn is attached to the vehicle frame -2-.
- the drive segments -30,31,32- in turn engage the teeth -10-.
- the driving force is derived in the subframe, while the force of the reaction force must be absorbed by the lower bearing bracket -21-.
- the closed power circuit is therefore reached via the subframe, the vehicle frame -2- is also relieved!
- the 14 shows the possibility of forcing the two drive shafts -34, 35- to run smoothly by means of a chain transmission -80-, which is particularly necessary when synchronism is no longer guaranteed if the eccentricities (e) are too small.
- the two eccentric shafts -34,35- are rotatably mounted in the gearbox -16a-.
- the drive segments -30,31,32- are connected to the eccentrics -37,37a- via ball bearings -77,77a-. In the example, the drive segments work 120 degrees out of phase. 14 shows only one drive segment - 30, 31, 32 -. In the area of the bearing -77a- the drive segments -30,31,32- are firmly connected to the ball bearing -77a-.
- the drive elements -30,31,32- have an elongated hole -78-, to compensate for inaccuracies, temperature fluctuations, etc. So that the two eccentric shafts -34,35 run in phase - In the case of very small eccentricities - which are often desired in order to achieve a high gear ratio in one stage - the two eccentric shafts -34,35- are connected to each other by means of a chain drive - 79,79a, 80-. 15 shows a section through the gearbox -16- in the region of an eccentric shaft -34-. The sprockets -79- are connected to the shaft -34- by a key -83-.
- Fig. 16 shows the use of a gear according to the invention for the continuous movement of a rack -84- e.g. with pinion toothing -85- with straight tooth flanks.
- the drive segments have an adapted involute toothing.
- Fig. 17 shows an adjustment device for continuously changing the eccentricity and thus the gear ratio.
- Two eccentrics -89,91- are inserted into one another by means of serration -90-, the eccentricity (e) of the gearbox (16) being variable by changing the mounting angle, ie rotating the two eccentrics -89.91- relative to one another.
- Fig. 18 shows the emergence of the Epizy-tdo ⁇ de -93- when the Eccentric circle -92- with the radius (e) on the pitch circle of the chain ring -10-. The circumference of this pitch circle must correspond exactly to the pitch (t) of the roller chain or gear wheel -10-. This rolling process also forms the cycloid flank -94- of the tooth segments -30,31,32-.
- 19 shows the possibility of screwing on the drive segments -30,31,32- removable strips -95,96,97- which have the toothing.
- 20 shows a variant in which, instead of toothing, only elastic rubber strips -98.99, 100 are vulcanized on. The required travel must correspond to dimension 2.e. The circumferential force is transmitted purely by friction.
- a so-called coupling triangle -101- is provided in FIG. 21 to achieve shaft synchronization, the oil motor -17- being arranged in the region of the upper eccentric shaft -102-.
- the three eccentric shafts - 34, 35, 102 - run in phase without a dead center.
- the drive segments -30,31,32- are also connected to the eccentrics - 36,36a, 103- via ball bearings -77,77a, 77b-. 22 to 28 show the different engagement positions from 0 to 6 of, for example, three drive segments -30,31,32-, wherein it can be seen that all three drive segments -30,31,32- are always in engagement, ie also all teeth always touch the chain to be driven, roller ring -10- or the like! Only the transmission angle changes during an eccentric rotation. Theoretically, it would also be possible to provide only one drive segment -30- if it had a certain length, but in practice at least three drive segments -30,31,32- are preferably used. As can be seen in FIGS.
- the tooth flanks of the drive segments -30,31,32- are formed by rolling, so that, as shown in FIG. 18 in detail, the hanks have a cycloid shape -94-. 18 also shows the driving force F which engages in the roller chain ring -10- in the direction of the transmission angle ⁇ .
- two or more drive units -16- can also be arranged on the circumference of the drum -4-.
- the drive unit -16- is located with a roller chain ring - 10- in the front container area, near the bearing pin -5-.
- the present drive concept can also be used for the drum drive of concrete mixing machines and the drive of rotating drums in various fields of application, for example also in agriculture (silos, mixing devices and the like).
- the drive system according to the invention can be used not only for external gears, but also for internal and bevel gears, as well as for helical gear.
- the usual measures of the tooth geometry such as profile shifting, laying of the pitch circles, etc. can be used! Taking into account a favorable transmission angle ⁇ , the length of the drive segments -30,31,32- can be variable, the length of which also depends on the number of drive segments -30,31,32- used. In any case, a continuous, completely jerk-free drum drive is guaranteed!
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
- Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
- Retarders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP92924481A EP0617690A1 (en) | 1991-12-09 | 1992-12-09 | Drive for a rotating drum useful as a collecting container on refuse collection vehicles, composting drums or the like |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT244191A AT396579B (en) | 1991-12-09 | 1991-12-09 | DRIVE FOR A ROTATING DRUM AS A COLLECTION CONTAINER ON WASTE VEHICLES, COMPOSTED DRUM OD. DGL. |
ATA2441/91 | 1991-12-09 | ||
ATA253/92 | 1992-02-14 | ||
AT25392 | 1992-02-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993012019A1 true WO1993012019A1 (en) | 1993-06-24 |
Family
ID=25592053
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT1992/000164 WO1993012019A1 (en) | 1991-12-09 | 1992-12-09 | Drive for a rotating drum useful as a collecting container on refuse collection vehicles, composting drums or the like |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0617690A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ139994A3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUT69109A (en) |
RU (1) | RU94038261A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993012019A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE20015567U1 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2001-01-25 | Faun Umwelttechnik GmbH & Co., 86167 Augsburg | Garbage truck with rotating drum |
US10274006B2 (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2019-04-30 | The Heil Company | Telescopic arm for a refuse vehicle |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1831648A (en) * | 1927-09-05 | 1931-11-10 | Daimler Benz Ag | Process for the complete filling and emptying of receptacles, such as dust-carts |
AT394840B (en) * | 1991-01-08 | 1992-06-25 | Pickart Josef | Refuse vehicle |
EP0451134B1 (en) * | 1990-04-03 | 1993-10-06 | M-U-T Maschinen-Umwelttechnik- Transportanlagen Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Garbage collection vehicle with rotatable drum-shaped container |
-
1992
- 1992-12-09 CZ CZ941399A patent/CZ139994A3/en unknown
- 1992-12-09 WO PCT/AT1992/000164 patent/WO1993012019A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-12-09 EP EP92924481A patent/EP0617690A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-12-09 HU HU9401715A patent/HUT69109A/en unknown
- 1992-12-09 RU RU94038261/11A patent/RU94038261A/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1831648A (en) * | 1927-09-05 | 1931-11-10 | Daimler Benz Ag | Process for the complete filling and emptying of receptacles, such as dust-carts |
EP0451134B1 (en) * | 1990-04-03 | 1993-10-06 | M-U-T Maschinen-Umwelttechnik- Transportanlagen Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Garbage collection vehicle with rotatable drum-shaped container |
AT394840B (en) * | 1991-01-08 | 1992-06-25 | Pickart Josef | Refuse vehicle |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE20015567U1 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2001-01-25 | Faun Umwelttechnik GmbH & Co., 86167 Augsburg | Garbage truck with rotating drum |
US10274006B2 (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2019-04-30 | The Heil Company | Telescopic arm for a refuse vehicle |
US10865827B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2020-12-15 | The Heil Co. | Telescopic arm for a refuse vehicle |
US11280368B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2022-03-22 | The Heil Company | Telescopic arm for a refuse vehicle |
US11933352B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2024-03-19 | The Heil Company | Telescopic arm for a refuse vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUT69109A (en) | 1995-08-28 |
EP0617690A1 (en) | 1994-10-05 |
RU94038261A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
HU9401715D0 (en) | 1994-11-28 |
CZ139994A3 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
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