WO1993009516A1 - Systeme automatique sans contact d'enregistrement de paiement de billet - Google Patents

Systeme automatique sans contact d'enregistrement de paiement de billet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993009516A1
WO1993009516A1 PCT/US1992/008892 US9208892W WO9309516A1 WO 1993009516 A1 WO1993009516 A1 WO 1993009516A1 US 9208892 W US9208892 W US 9208892W WO 9309516 A1 WO9309516 A1 WO 9309516A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
card
fare
target
data
signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1992/008892
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John B. Roes
Raymond L. De Kozan
Warren J. Wasson
Michael L. Tentler
Original Assignee
Cubic Automatic Revenue Collection Group
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cubic Automatic Revenue Collection Group filed Critical Cubic Automatic Revenue Collection Group
Publication of WO1993009516A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993009516A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/0866—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by active credit-cards adapted therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/36—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
    • G06Q20/363—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes with the personal data of a user
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/02—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points taking into account a variable factor such as distance or time, e.g. for passenger transport, parking systems or car rental systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence

Definitions

  • Our invention relates to a transaction system in which a portable token is used with a stationary target terminal to perform a financial transaction and, more specifically,
  • This reading device that removes an appropriate fare from the stored fare data in the card. This reading device may also read other pertinent information from the card and write data such as new fare information back on the magnetic memory strip on the card. While these systems
  • swipe cards that contain data which may be selectively read by an interrogating radio frequency (RF) radio transmitter.
  • RF radio frequency
  • These cards usually have passive information in the card that identifies the card with a particular vehicle, or with an article being shipped, or articles that are to be identified.
  • cards or articles which resemble cards known in the that are capable of storing information and repeating this information in response to an RF radio interrogation signal transmitted from a remotely located antenna.
  • Such cards usually do not contain a processor and thus cannot exchange information with the interrogating station, write new data to the card, nor verify the data transmission quality.
  • existing smart cards may radiate unwanted RF radio signals and are not adaptable for reliable use in automatic fare collections systems because of extreme sensitivity to electrostatic discharge (ESD) and stray radio signals (EMI) that may destroy or alter the financial data stored in the card.
  • ESD electrostatic discharge
  • EMI stray radio signals
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,501,958 issued to John-Pierre Glize, et al. discloses a toll point verification system that uses acoustic means for communicating between a portable token and a toll point verification terminal.
  • Glize, et al. teach the use of a terminal that emits repeated interrogation messages adapted for triggering and reading the data contents of a memory device within the token and they overcome the ESD and EMI problem by using acoustic data transmission.
  • the reliability of the Glize, et al., system requires low power beams for transmission and reception to avoid unwanted disturbances to the memories of other portable tokens in the vicinity, a significant disadvantage in public transit queues.
  • U.S. Patent 4,571,589 issued to Chester D. Slocu , et al. discloses a biomedical implant having a two-way inductively-coupled data transmission path to an external control terminal. Slocum, et al., use pulse-width modulation (PWM) of an RF electromagnetic carrier to transfer telemetry data at the high rates required for real-time intracardiac (ECG) data transmission. Slocum, et al., do not consider the problem of unwanted electromagnetic radiation nor is their system adaptable for use with a large number of smart cards or tokens.
  • PWM pulse-width modulation
  • U.S. Patent 4,650,981 issued to Wayne S. Foletta discloses a smart credit card having active electronics powered by a DC voltage derived from an electromagnetic RF signal generated at a separate data terminal. Foletta recognizes the problem of ESD effects on active memory circuits but proposes no solution other than the use of relatively insensitive active transistor technology together with very small gaps between the credit card and the credit card reader. Foletta*s invention is not adaptable for use with non-contact fare card readers operating over distances greater than a few millimeters.
  • U.S. Patent 4,692,604 issued to Robert L. Billings discloses a flexible inductor that permits contactless inductive power transfer from a stationary reader to energize electronics in a smart card. While Billing's flexible conductor invention permits such power transfer, it also exacerbates the smart card sensitivity to ESD and EMI that may modify or destroy the data in smart card memory.
  • Scuilli discloses an inductive coupling system for bidirectional digital data transmission between utility meters and a portable transceiver.
  • Scuilli uses a single transformer with primary and secondary windings and couples the primary winding to an interrogation unit and the secondary winding to a transponder unit.
  • Scuilli requires repetition of a "dead interval" to permit time for desatura ion of his inductive transformer core between sequential transmit and receive operations, a limitation that prevents application of his teachings to a fare card system requiring full data exchange within a few dozen milliseconds.
  • U.S. Patent 4,782,341 issued to Bruce E. Gray discloses another utility meter data gathering system that has a series of indexed contactors attached to the utility meter indicator dials. Gray uses inductive coupling to transmit a series of frequency-modulated (FM) data bursts from the data gathering device to a data collecting device, but teaches data transfer in one direction only.
  • FM frequency-modulated
  • U.S. Patent 4,807,140 issued to Anthony C. Saulnier discloses an electronic label information exchange system that uses several inductiv ly-coupled tuned oscillators to transfer data from programmable memory in either direction, from label to fixture and back again. Saulnier requires his labels to pass as close as possible within range of a fixed transmitter and does not consider the problems of ESD, EMI, automatic data error correction and excessive handling over long periods of time such as are seen in a fare card system.
  • U.S. Patent 4,818,855 issued to Ronald W. Mongeon, et al. discloses a smart identification (ID) card system using magnetic coupling to transfer power to the smart ID card and modulated electromagnetic radiation to transfer data.
  • Mongeon, et al. resolve the signal-to-noise (SNR) problem associated with combining power transfer and information modulation on the same signal by separating the signal transfer modes so that power is transmitted to the smart card by means of a magnetic field coupling and coded data is transmitted back to a fixed receiver by means of an electric field coupling.
  • SNR signal-to-noise
  • Mongeon, et al. do not consider the issues of bidirectional data transmission, ESD and EMI effects on smart card memory storage, nor the use of correction means for error-free data transfer.
  • Patent 4,827,115 issued to Yasuo Uchida, et al., an ID system using a tag or card data carrier that can be coupled electromagnetically to a stationary reading terminal.
  • Uchida, et al. are concerned primarily with a method for recovering previously written data from the ID tag in the event of errors in writing new data to the tag and they teach the use of temporary memory means for achieving recovery of old data without considering methods for protecting ID tag data from ESD and EMI.
  • the fare card has a processor for implementing a highly reliable system for verifying data integrity. This results in a very low data exchange error rate and solves the problems related to customer dissatisfaction with financial transaction errors.
  • the fare card also has a passive impedance-modulation read-only transmission mode and cannot transmit data other than to the target antenna. Yet, the fare card has a full read-in capability.
  • the target antenna is connected to a transit system computer, which can identify the stored fare data from the fare card memory and thereby verify fare charges with the most current fare charge data tables held in the computer. This system computer can also identify missing fare cards and provide other information to transit system processors relative to such fare cards and their use.
  • the fare card memory may have a memory means requiring no battery back-up power.
  • the fare card electronics are completely passive, deriving all necessary power from the momentary transformer coupling to the continuous RF magnetic field generated by the target antenna.
  • Both the fare card and the target antenna assembly are completely shielding against the effects of stray RF radio signals (EMI) and electrostatic discharges (ESD) .
  • EMI stray RF radio signals
  • ESD electrostatic discharges
  • Figure 6 is a top plan view with parts in phantom of the electronic fare card
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7-7 of Figure 6;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the RF generating and processing portions of the target circuits.
  • FIG 11 is a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the fare card circuits requiring no battery power for the fare card memory circuit.
  • the electronic fare card 12 contains a card antenna 14 as seen in Figures 1 and 6.
  • Fare card 12 comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) 16 having the card circuits 18 thereon.
  • PCB 16 and card circuits 18 are surrounded by the Faraday shield 20, which comprise MYLAR® embedded with a conductive layer to form an electrostatic foil shield 20.
  • Shield 20 is seen in Figure 7 as the upper side shield 20a and the lower side shield 20b.
  • PCB 16 with shield 20 is then encapsulated in a plastic container having a top side 22, a lower side 24 and rounded edges 26.
  • the size of fare card 12 will depend on the construction and intended use, but the size should be comparable with a credit card so that fare card 12 may be placed in a user's wallet (not shown) .
  • the wallet and fare card 12 may then be easily passed over the target assembly 28 shown in Figure 8 in accordance with the operation of our invention.
  • a typical such fare card 12 would measure 55 mm by 86 mm by 4 mm and would weigh about 25 grams.
  • Card antenna 14 is shown in Figure 6 as a coil having several turns laid around the edge of PCB 16.
  • card circuits 18 may typically contain 6 turns. Appropriate connections are made with card circuits 18 as illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Target antenna assembly 28 comprises a plastic dome or target housing 30 having an inside layer of shielding, comprising MYLAR® and electrostatic foil shield 32, together with a target antenna 34, comprising a single coil connected to the separate electronic target circuits 36 as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • Target circuits 36 provide a continuous RF signal current to target antenna 34.
  • Card circuits 18 shown in Figure 1 are normally in a deactivated or quiescent state when fare card 12 is first moved by a transit patron over the top of target housing 30 as illustrated in Figure 8.
  • the target outline 38 seen on top of target housing 30 illustrates the target area for the transit patron.
  • a 3 MHz magnetic field at target antenna 34 induces a 3 MHz signal current in card antenna 14 that is rectified by the RF rectifier circuit 40 to form the direct current (DC) voltage presented to the power supply (VCC) sensor circuit 42, as seen in Figure l.
  • Sensor circuit 42 is a comparator circuit that compares the magnitude of the induced DC VCC voltage to a fixed threshold. When VCC exceeds the fixed threshold, sensor circuit 42 presents a "power-up" signal to the reset circuit 44 that in turn sends a reset signal through the reset line 46 to the card microprocessor 48, thereby signaling card microprocessor 48 to begin executing the stored microcode.
  • the RF carrier signal in card antenna 14 is presented to a modulation detector 54 that demodulates and detects the data imposed on the RF carrier signal current.
  • Data communication from target antenna 34 to card antenna 14 is accomplished by amplitude modulation (AM) of the RF carrier signal current as will be described in more detail hereinafter.
  • AM amplitude modulation
  • This AM is detected in detector 54, which converts the AM into a stream of digital data for processing by card microprocessor 48.
  • Card microprocessor 48 proceeds under control of microcode from read-only memory (ROM) 56 to process the digital data stream from detector 54.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • the first step in processing the digital data stream is the completion of error correction using a 16-bit Cyclical Redundancy Checksum (CRC) error correction technique.
  • card microprocessor 48 confirms from the input data that fare card 12 has momentarily coupled to a valid target antenna assembly 28.
  • Microprocessor 48 then reads out the digital fare data stored in read and write memory (RAM) 58 to the impedance modulator 60.
  • a local oscillator (L.O.) synchronizer 62 also receives the RF carrier signal input and synchronizes the clock (not shown) in card microprocessor 48.
  • Impedance modulator 60 modulates the source impedance of card antenna 14 and thereby modulates the load presented by the momentary transformer coupling to target antenna 34. Resulting changes in RF carrier signal current in target antenna 34 are detected by target circuits 36 as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • Target circuits 36 are connected to target antenna 34, as previously described.
  • the target microprocessor 64 is in continuous operation and is driven by a target clock 66.
  • Target microprocessor 64 uses a clock signal 68 provided by clock 66, which may be any suitable crystal-controlled source, and divides clock signal 68 to provide the RF carrier signal to a target modulator 70. We prefer an RF frequency of 3 MHz.
  • Target microprocessor 64 also presents a digital data stream to target modulator 70, which modulates the RF carrier signal current in target antenna 34 with the digital data stream.
  • Target microprocessor 64 obtains the digital data stream from a RAM 72 and from other sources such as from the data switch 74 that accesses the RS-422 interface 76 and the RS-232 interface 78.
  • LPC gate local processing computer
  • Modulator 70 then presents a modulated RF carrier signal to the RF amplifier 82, which forces an RF carrier signal current through target antenna 34.
  • This RF carrier signal current is a continuous sinusoidal current in which the data from target microprocessor 64 is coded as a modulation of the RF current sinusoidal amplitude.
  • card circuits 18 are then powered-up in the manner previously described.
  • Fare card 12 then transmits a data stream from card memory 58 by modulating the source impedance of card antenna 14, which, being coupled to target antenna 34, modulates the RF carrier signal current flowing in target antenna 34, as described above. It is an important feature of our invention that this impedance modulation process requires no electromagnetic radiation from card to target.
  • Target antenna assembly 28 can have any suitable size.
  • An example of a suitable operational size is about 15 cm in diameter.
  • target circuits 36 may also be separately located in a suitable shielded box.
  • target circuits 36 provide the RF carrier signal current to target antenna 34, there is little RF radiation from target antenna 34 because the electric field is shielded by target shield 32, as shown in Figure 5.
  • This shielding effect also applies to fare card 12, which is shielded by card shield 20, as shown in Figure 7.
  • Electrostatic shields 20 and 32 are an important element of our invention because they solve problems known in the art for which no solution has heretofore been proposed.
  • Data communication between fare card 12 and target antenna assembly 28 is possible only because the two antennas 14 and 34 momentarily form a transformer coupling in which the RF carrier signal current flowing in target antenna 34 is amplitude modulated in two ways.
  • target modulation 70 adds target data modulation to the RF signal current flowing in target antenna 34.
  • the modulated impedance load presented to target antenna 34 by card antenna 14 adds card date modulation to the RF carrier signal current fed from RF amplifier 82 to target antenna 34. This coupled impedance modulation is detected by target modulation detector 84.
  • the proximity of fare card 12 to target antenna assembly 28 will facilitate the momentary transformer coupling and thus limit the range of data transmission between fare card 14 and target antenna assembly 28 to the 15 cm typically desired.
  • Electrostatic Shield one of us discloses permeable electrostatic shielding methods and devices suitable for this fare card system application. Briefly, if shields 20 and 32 comprise a flexible plastic support layer, such as MYLAR® or the like, that is coated by a vacuum deposition technique or the like with an excellent conductor such as copper, brass or aluminum to a thickness of 10-20 nm, then the resulting shield will effectively block transmission of electrostatic fields while still permitting the penetration and transmission of RF magnetic fields at RF frequencies up to 15 MHz.
  • the general rule that one of us has discovered for such a solid metal-coated shield is that the thickness of the solid metal layer should be no more than 10-20% of the skin penetration depth for the particular metal and frequency involved. This method is practical for all magnetic field frequencies below 15 MHz.
  • the metal layer thickness must be so thin that the electrostatic shielding effectiveness is degraded unacceptably and a comb or cross hatch metallized pattern must instead be used to provide the magnetic permeability required, as is disclosed in the copending patent application referenced above.
  • Card microprocessor 48 first reads the microcode stored in ROM 56 and proceeds to execute the program sequence in 20 ms blocks separated by 10 ms time gaps. Card microprocessor 48 next transmits the appropriate ticket fare data through impedance modulator 60 at a rate of 20 ms of ticket fare data every 30 ms.
  • Target antenna 34 receives the ticket fare data in the form of radiation impedance fluctuations induced in target antenna 34 and detected in target modulation detector 84, which feeds the digital ticket data to target microprocessor 64, as shown in Figure 2.
  • Target microprocessor 64 then activates an indicator light control 90 through an indicator control line 92, turning on a red light (not shown) at target antenna assembly 28, indicating that a momentary data coupling has been made.
  • Target circuits 36 receive the ACK message and switch the target housing indicator light (not shown) from red to green by means of a signal through an indicator control line 92 to light control 90. Target circuits 36 then pass a credit information signal to gate LPC processor 80, which opens the transit access gate (not shown) . The green indicator light generally extinguishes after about one second. Fare card 12 is then moved from the target range and power is thereby removed from card circuits 18, which are already asleep. The system returns to its quiescent state wherein target circuit 36 generates the RF carrier signal current through target antenna 34 and target modulation detector 84 listens for a response.
  • This system comprising fare card 12 and target antenna assembly 28 is particularly adapted for use in transit fare collections systems such as that illustrated in Figure 3, where gate LPC processor 80 receives the ticket fare data as above described through a gate data line 94 from target circuits 36. LPC processor 80 then sends appropriate ticket fare data to the station computer 96(a), of a plurality of station computers 96, to initiate the opening or closing of an automatic access gate 98(a), of a plurality of automatic access gates 98. These fare data may also be transmitted through a regional data line 100 to the operations control center computer 102, where the fare data may be stored in a storage medium 104 displayed at a terminal 106 or used to instruct a ticket generator 108.
  • Figures 9-11 present alternate embodiments of the functional electronics discussed above in connection with Figures 1-8.
  • a schematic diagram illustrates the operation of transmit modulator 70, RF amplifier 82, target antenna 34, and target modulation detector 84.
  • the RF carrier signal is coupled through the line 110 to a signal squaring circuit 112, which sets the signal voltage level to about 5 volts at the line 114.
  • the digital data stream from target microprocessor 64 is coupled through a line 116 to a diode modulator and resistive mixer that transform the digital data stream to an amplitude modulated RF carrier signal at the line 118 that is mixed at the divider 120 to establish the magnitude of the amplitude modulation.
  • a voltage divider circuit 122 adjusts the voltage level of the modulated RF signal in the line 124.
  • the amplifying circuits 126 and 128 amplify the modulated RF carrier in line 124.
  • a current divider 130 and a power amplifier circuit 132 generate the necessary modulated RF carrier signal current for energizing target antenna coil 34 through the antenna line 134.
  • a power regulator 136 provides VCC power for the target logic circuits.
  • the RF AM signal current flowing in target antenna 34 creates a RF AM magnetic field adapted for transformer coupling to card antenna 14 in the manner disclosed above.
  • unmodulated RF carrier signal current flows through antenna line 134 and target antenna coil 34.
  • This unmodulated current is then modulated by the effects of the momentary transformer coupling to impedance modulator 60 on fare card 12, which is operating in a data transmission mode.
  • the impedance modulation of the AM RF magnetic field from target antenna 34 induces amplitude modulation of the RF carrier current flowing through line 134 from current divider 130.
  • the modulated RF carrier signal current at current divider 130 is presented to a capacitive divider 138 and therefrom to a detector circuit 140, which separates the AM frequency components from the RF carrier signal frequency.
  • a filter 142 removes the RF carrier and the AM alone remains at the line 144.
  • the AM signal at line 144 is then demodulated by comparison with the power output from a threshold source 146.
  • the demodulation process generates a digital data stream by comparing the AM signal in accordance with the preset threshold provided by threshold source 146 at the comparator 148.
  • a standard digital data pulse output at the data output line 150 corresponds to target modulator detector 84 output to target microprocessor 64 in Figure 2.
  • Data output line 150 provides the digital ticket fare data received from fare card 12.
  • the RF magnetic field carrier signal transfers power from target antenna assembly 28 to fare card 12 by means of the momentary transformer coupling at card antenna 14.
  • a capacitor 152 has a capacitance value selected to tune card antenna 14 to the frequency of the RF magnetic field carrier signal, allowing card antenna 14 to couple the necessary power and signal from target antenna 34 while still removed some distance.
  • the RF carrier signal received at card antenna 14 is fed through a line 154 to the rectifier diode 156.
  • the rectified carrier signal is filtered by a capacitor 158 to provide a DC output voltage at the lines 160 and 162.
  • This VCC electrical current at line 162 passes through a current limiting resistor 164 and a sensing resistor 166 to a diode 168.
  • Resistor 164 has a large resistance for effective current limiting.
  • a filtering capacitor 150 removes the modulated RF from the VCC power, which is also fed through a line 172 to the input of the comparator 174 and through a line 176 to the comparator 178.
  • comparator 174 senses the voltage drop across sense resistor 166. When this voltage drop is sufficient to force zener diode 180 into conduction, the increased voltage drop across sense resistor 166 is sensed by comparator 174, which provides a reset (wake-up) signal through a blocking capacitor 186 in the reset line 188 to card microprocessor 48. Card microprocessor 48 then powers up using the VCC current supplied through VCC line 184.
  • a battery 192 is provided in this illustrative embodiment to maintain the ticket fare data stored in RAM 58 by means of the memory power lines 194 and 182.
  • the VCC current in line 162 provides operating power through the lines 172, 198, and 200 for the comparators 202, 174 and 204.
  • comparator 204 When the power from battery 192 is low, this is sensed by comparator 204 and a signal is fed through a line 206 to card microprocessor 48.
  • Card microprocessor 48 then forwards a digital signal, upon activation, that notifies station computer 96 via target antenna assembly 28 that battery 192 in fare card 12 is low and needs to be replaced. This feature is not necessary for fare card embodiments without batteries.
  • the signal on line 160 still includes the rectified AM RF carrier data from card antenna 14. This AM voltage is passed through a capacitor 208 to remove the AC modulation and pass it on to comparator 202, which thresholds the AM signal to extract the digital data stream corresponding to the data received. This digital data stream is passed through a line 210 to card microprocessor 48. Card microprocessor 48 then processes and stores this new fare data in the manner previously disclosed. When card microprocessor 48 is instructed to read ticket fare data from RAM 58, the ticket fare data is transferred through a line 211 to an amplifier 212 and therefrom through a line 214 to the Field-Effect Transistor (FET) 216. FET 216 is disposed in parallel with large current-limiting resistor 164.
  • FET Field-Effect Transistor
  • FIG. 11 a schematic diagram illustrates the operation of our preferred embodiment of fare card circuits 18, requiring neither battery 50 nor battery status sensor 52 shown in Figure 1.
  • Some of the circuits in Figure 11 operate substantially as disclosed in connection with the operation of the circuits in Figure 10 except that the absence of a battery avoids the need for battery check and replacement signal procedures.
  • Card antenna coil 14 and capacitor 152 form a tank circuit resonant at the RF frequency of the magnetic field carrier signal.
  • Diode 156 and capacitor 158 operate as a modulation detector as disclosed above for Figure 10.
  • the detected signal on line 160 is divided by the resistors 224 and 226.
  • Blocking capacitor 208 removes the DC component from the demodulated carrier, comparator 202 decodes the AM RF signal to extract the digital data stream at line 210 and the invertor 228 inverts the digital data stream of 210 and presents it to card microprocessor 48.
  • the modulated carrier signal on line 162 passes through resistor 164 and a diode 234 to capacitor 170, which filters the AC components leaving a DC VCC power supply voltage at the collector of the series regulator transistor 236.
  • the regulation of the VCC voltage level relies on the conduction threshold of zener diode 180, as disclosed for Figure 10, except that the transistors 238 and 240 are provided to more accurately sense and regulate the VCC power supply voltage level. It is important that card microprocessor 48 be aware at all times of the VCC power supply voltage status because an unplanned interruption of VCC can result in loss of ticket fare data or errors arising from partial memory update cycles.
  • a power supply test circuit comprising an amplifier 242 and a voltage divider formed with the resistors 244 and 246.
  • This test circuit sends a digital signal on a line 248 to enable card microprocessor 48 to power-up when the VCC power supply is sufficient.
  • an early warning of impending VCC power supply failure is provided on an early warning line 250 to permit an orderly power-down sequence.
  • the early warning signal on line 250 is generated by a D-type flip-flop 252 with the inputs 254 and 256.
  • Input 254 is generated by sampling the DC voltage accumulated on capacitor 170 through a voltage divider formed from the resistors 258 and 260.
  • This sample is then compared to the regulated VCC voltage by a comparator 262.
  • the output of comparator 262 will go high and stay high when the voltage accumulated on capacitor 170 stabilizes to the regulated VCC value.
  • the same voltage at capacitor 170 is sampled by a voltage divider formed of the three series diodes 264 and the resistor 266. This voltage sample will vary nonlinearly with respect to the current flow from capacitor 170 because of the current-independent voltage drops across diodes 264.
  • the comparator 268 will force line 256 down when the current flow through diodes 264 begins to fall. Accordingly, the output from flip-flop 252 will toggle immediately upon the beginning of a decline in the DC current through resistor 266, thereby giving an early warning signal to card microprocessor 48.
  • a clock circuit 270 comprising a crystal and tuning capacitors provides the necessary timing signals for proper operation of card microprocessor 48.
  • An electrically- alterable programmable read-only memory (EAPROM) provides the necessary read and write memory (RAM) 58 functions for this implementation, requiring no battery power to maintain data storage within RAM 58.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)

Abstract

Carte électronique servant de billet de transit destinée à être utilisée dans un système d'enregistrement automatique de prix de billet, activée pour payer le billet lorsqu'on la place à proximité d'une bobine montée sur un équipement d'accès, à l'entrée et aux sorties d'un système de transit. La carte électronique servant de billet établit une connexion sans contact avec un ensemble cible par couplage momentané à un signal porteur de champ magnétique HF modulé soit par un modulateur d'impédance de source situé sur la carte soit par un modulateur cible. A la fois la carte et l'ensemble cible sont protégés contre une décharge électrostatique (ESD) et les transmissions radio indésirables (EMI) au moyen de blindage électrostatique à perméabilité magnétique, empêchant ainsi la production de transmissions radio indésirables et les modifications accidentelles de données de la carte billet par une décharge électrostatique ou des signaux radio parasites. Bien que notre invention utilise une impédance à source couplée de modulation d'un signal porteur, d'autres systèmes de modulation connus de ceux ayant une expérience en la matière peuvent être utilisés.
PCT/US1992/008892 1991-10-28 1992-10-19 Systeme automatique sans contact d'enregistrement de paiement de billet WO1993009516A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US78445691A 1991-10-28 1991-10-28
US784,456 1991-10-28

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995028689A1 (fr) * 1994-04-15 1995-10-26 Is Italservice Electronic Equipment S.P.A. Imprimante servant a imprimer des caracteres appropries sur des documents en mouvement introduits manuellement, par exemple des documents de voyage, des titres de transport, des factures, etc.
FR2736451A1 (fr) * 1995-07-06 1997-01-10 Monetel Lecteur de cartes sans contact a clavier de selection de service
NL1004698C2 (nl) * 1996-12-05 1998-07-02 Arnoldus Lambertus Maria Jozef Inrichting en werkwijze voor het verwerken van object- en voertuiggegevens in een voertuig.
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FR2954922A1 (fr) * 2010-01-07 2011-07-08 Sncf Siege voyageur pour vehicule de transport public et dit vehicule
EP2264990A3 (fr) * 2000-10-24 2012-04-04 Sony Corporation Procédé de traitement d'informations et appareil correspondant doté d'une fonction de communication
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WO1995028689A1 (fr) * 1994-04-15 1995-10-26 Is Italservice Electronic Equipment S.P.A. Imprimante servant a imprimer des caracteres appropries sur des documents en mouvement introduits manuellement, par exemple des documents de voyage, des titres de transport, des factures, etc.
FR2736451A1 (fr) * 1995-07-06 1997-01-10 Monetel Lecteur de cartes sans contact a clavier de selection de service
US6547148B2 (en) * 1996-04-01 2003-04-15 Cubic Corporation Contactless proximity automated data collection system and method with collision resolution
US7705712B2 (en) 1996-04-01 2010-04-27 Cubic Corporation Smart card receiver and system for pulsed RF fields
NL1004698C2 (nl) * 1996-12-05 1998-07-02 Arnoldus Lambertus Maria Jozef Inrichting en werkwijze voor het verwerken van object- en voertuiggegevens in een voertuig.
AU767104B2 (en) * 1997-09-19 2003-10-30 Cubic Corporation Contactless proximity automated data collection system and method
WO1999016015A2 (fr) 1997-09-19 1999-04-01 Cubic Corporation Procede et systeme automatique sans contact servant a recueillir des donnees par proximite
WO1999016015A3 (fr) * 1997-09-19 1999-08-19 Cubic Corp Procede et systeme automatique sans contact servant a recueillir des donnees par proximite
EP2933752A1 (fr) 1999-06-10 2015-10-21 Cubic Corporation Dispositif de communication à carte à puce multi-protocole
US6577229B1 (en) 1999-06-10 2003-06-10 Cubic Corporation Multiple protocol smart card communication device
US7227449B2 (en) 1999-06-10 2007-06-05 Cubic Corporation Multiple protocol smart card communication device
WO2001008110A1 (fr) 1999-07-23 2001-02-01 Cubic Corporation Procede et dispositif servant a etablir une liaison de communication securisee par carte a puce par l'intermediaire d'un reseau de communication
US8639188B2 (en) 2000-10-24 2014-01-28 Sony Corporation Information processing apparatus and information processing method having communication function
EP2264990A3 (fr) * 2000-10-24 2012-04-04 Sony Corporation Procédé de traitement d'informations et appareil correspondant doté d'une fonction de communication
US9510379B2 (en) 2000-10-24 2016-11-29 Sony Corporation Information processing apparatus and information processing method having communication function
US10390375B2 (en) 2000-10-24 2019-08-20 Sony Corporation Information processing apparatus and information processing method having communication function
US10798759B2 (en) 2000-10-24 2020-10-06 Sony Corporation Information processing apparatus and information processing method having communication function
US6732922B2 (en) 2001-05-14 2004-05-11 Robert Lindgren System enablement of automatic fare collection devices using a network
US6986458B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2006-01-17 Scheidt & Bachmann Gmbh Methods and systems for user media interoperability
US10121140B2 (en) 2004-04-15 2018-11-06 Hand Held Products, Inc. Proximity transaction apparatus and methods of use thereof
US9218600B2 (en) 2006-12-07 2015-12-22 Smart Systems Innovations, Llc Mass transit fare processing system
US9558487B2 (en) 2006-12-07 2017-01-31 Smart Systems Innovations, Llc Public transit system fare processor for multi-balance funding
WO2009086368A1 (fr) * 2007-12-27 2009-07-09 Mastercard International, Inc. Carte d'identification de proximité avec antenne de taille optimale et étiquette de blindage
FR2954922A1 (fr) * 2010-01-07 2011-07-08 Sncf Siege voyageur pour vehicule de transport public et dit vehicule
EP2351662A1 (fr) * 2010-01-07 2011-08-03 Société Nationale des Chemins De Fer Français - SNCF Siège voyageur pour véhicule de transport public et dit véhicule

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AR246132A1 (es) 1994-03-30

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