WO1993008143A1 - Verfahren zur naturgemässen bildung von krümelsubstanz garer agrarböden - Google Patents
Verfahren zur naturgemässen bildung von krümelsubstanz garer agrarböden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993008143A1 WO1993008143A1 PCT/EP1992/002356 EP9202356W WO9308143A1 WO 1993008143 A1 WO1993008143 A1 WO 1993008143A1 EP 9202356 W EP9202356 W EP 9202356W WO 9308143 A1 WO9308143 A1 WO 9308143A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- organic waste
- clay
- waste
- weight
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/04—Fertilisers containing potassium from minerals or volcanic rocks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the formation of a complete fertilizer by biological digestion of minerals in the presence of Ca compounds, clay and vegetable and animal organic waste. Furthermore, the invention relates to the provision of a whole fertilizer (mineral humus) according to this method.
- a fundamental problem in agriculture today is the increasing depletion of agricultural soils from biological activity. This impoverishment can easily be determined from the small number of earthworms and at the same time means an insufficient supply of minerals for plant nutrition through the soil and an insufficient crumblyness of the soil.
- Soil cooking is the typical epitome of agricultural soil with biological activity, i.e. healthy and fertile soil.
- a cooked field is understood to mean a crumbly, well-ventilated soil that does not produce any clods when working in the field. Crumbness is essential for the baked floor. However, this does not mean that a field that has been crumbled with the plow or in any other mechanical way is inevitable. Rather, it is a prerequisite for the cooked soil that the crumb remains crumbly over the entire growing season and does not collapse under the muddy effects of water. This soil cooking is neither preserved nor restored by today's methods and fertilizers / soil improvers used in agriculture. That means that also an intense
- fertilizers e.g. ammonium nitrate, urea, potash fertilizer, rhenania phosphate, Thomas flour
- fertilizers e.g. ammonium nitrate, urea, potash fertilizer, rhenania phosphate, Thomas flour
- Compost can only inadequately or not counteract a loss of soil cook. Furthermore, the soil is partially over-fertilized by farmers who do not recognize that the soil is often only missing one or more specific constituent (s), so that the components additionally contained in the fertilizer are worthless for the soil and are found in surface and groundwater enrich and contribute significantly to their eutrophy.
- humus The essential part of the soil for plant nutrition is the so-called mineral humus, which has only the humic acid content in common with the substance commonly known as humus. For this reason, a distinction is made in the further text between the so-called humus ("humus”) and the true humus (mineral humus) according to the invention.
- DE-OS 36 14 183 has proposed calcium sulfate together with dolomite, soda, borax and citric acid as a fertilizer or rapid composting agent for organic waste.
- the quality of the humus is substantially improved in composting or area fertilization if calcium sulfate in a mixture with montmorillonite and Thomas flour and / or raw phosphate flour is used for the fermentation of organic waste.
- the first document is a rock flour or a mineral composition that contains Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Ti, K, Na, P as well as trace elements and rare earths.
- the agent described in the second document is a mixture of rock powder and sawdust, chaff or ground bark.
- the fertilizers described in DE-OS 20 45 648 and 32 26 226 consist of a mixture of different oxides, for example Si0 2 , Fe 9 0, A1 2 0 3 , CaO, MgO, K 7 0, P 2 0 5 .
- Another means is described in DE-OS-en 18 03 103 and 19 29 195.
- Natural organic substances and / or coffee extracts are fermented, which additionally contain silicate-containing components and formates.
- EP-A 221 219 describes a soil conditioner which is obtained by fermentation of a mixture of sewage sludge, a carbon carrier, calcium carbonate, a natural phosphate, gypsum and cornstarch.
- EP-A 444 392 describes a process for the production of fertilizers or soil additives from mineral and / or organic components, it being possible to use various carbonates as minerals which are necessary for buffering the acidic pH. Neither phosphate, nor trace elements, plaster or clay are components of these agents.
- soil improvers affect the general structure of the soil, e.g. B. crumbling, Wasser Kunststoffs ⁇ ability, gas permeability and degree of loosening, without containing plant nutrients.
- B. alginates, pectins, silicates, peat garbage and iron sulfates to the soil conditioners.
- the synthetic soil improvers eg polyacrylonitrile, vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl propionate and butadiene-styrene copolymers
- Certain measures such as irrigation, crop rotation or erosion protection also count as soil improvement agents.
- the coarse pores > 0.03 mm
- the middle pores 0.003-0.03 mm
- the fine pores ⁇ 0.003 mm
- This structure of the living space also corresponds to the requirements of different sized soil organisms, whose coexistence is not always entirely peaceful.
- the bacteria in small cavities are protected from hostile attacks by larger organisms, such as the protozoa.
- the coarse, medium and fine pores exist in approximately equal proportions in the floor next to each other in order to ensure an optimal balance between aeration, water transport and water storage.
- 1-3 mm crumbs make up the crumb structure of the soil, the spaces between these crumbs representing the coarse pores, while the medium and fine pores lie in the crumbs themselves. It is easy to see that the crumbs must have grown together to allow capillary water to move from one crumb to the next. This Overgrowth cannot be achieved by mechanical crumbling (e.g. plowing) of the soil.
- ammonium ions e.g. from organic manure, such as liquid manure, liquid manure or chicken droppings
- ammonium salts Due to the volatility of ammonium salts, this is currently only the case to a very limited extent.
- the greater part of the nitrogen present as ammonium nitrogen enters the atmosphere as ammonia and, according to the latest findings, is largely responsible for the death of the forest, at least in predominantly agricultural regions.
- the ever-increasing mountains of rubbish and the continuously increasing carbon dioxide content in the earth's atmosphere also threaten life on earth.
- lignocellulose-containing vegetable waste and, on the other hand, protein-containing animal waste or sewage sludge form primary aggregates in the presence of all essential minerals, trace elements, clay and calcium ions.
- humic acids which are colloidally dissolved in water, are first precipitated by Ca ions in a neutralizing and water-insoluble manner, and then an elastic cement for the mineral particles, which are also present, is formed by attachment to the sub-microscopic clay particles. This process takes place with all components in statu nascendi.
- the primary aggregates formed in this way which are relatively bulky compared to the microbes and clay particles (sizes approx. 1 and 0.2 ⁇ m), can now be built into living organisms using colonies of organisms to form second-order aggregates, the crumbs with a diameter of 1-3 mm.
- the mineral particles are broken down by the excretions of the microbes, which makes them available both for the microbes and for the plants. Only this simultaneous complete offer of all the above-mentioned substances according to the method according to claim 1 with microbe-compatible framework conditions in optimal spatial proximity (due to the micronization) enables the nature-imitating formation of the crumb substance (mineral humus).
- Microbe-compatible framework conditions are understood to mean those that provide minerals, carbohydrates and proteins in a homogeneous distribution and in sufficient quantities. Furthermore, the concept of microbe-appropriate framework conditions relates to the sufficient presence of all substances essential for microbes and finally also the physical parameters such as oxygen, water, temperature, avoidance of unnecessary movement and the possibility for the microbes to be able to attach themselves to a base.
- An advantageous effect of the present invention is to provide a method which enables the rapid conversion of various types of waste into a universal agent (mineral humus, whole food fertilizer) which improves the crumbling of the cooked soil and provides the plants with permanent nutrients and minerals .
- the formation of superfluous carbon dioxide should preferably also be avoided by not oxidizing the organic waste from plants and animals to the level of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Furthermore, the whole fertilizer thus formed (mineral humus, universal agent) causes a significant increase in plant growth and fruit yield, both quantitatively and qualitatively, if it is used in an amount of 1-6, preferably 2-5%, based on the weight of the to be fertilized soil is added to the soil to be fertilized in a homogeneous distribution.
- the present invention provides a universal agent (mineral humus, whole fertilizer) which not only increases the crumbness of the cooked soil, but also its individual mineral components (ions) remain as a depot form in the soil and not through rain or irrigation be washed out.
- a universal agent mineral humus, whole fertilizer
- ions individual mineral components
- the mineral components for the plant are only available in a small but sufficient concentration and continuously over a long period of time.
- the disadvantage of today's conventional water-soluble fertilizers is that after they are applied to / into the soil, they briefly cause a much too high ion concentration and therefore cause an osmotic shock for the soil microbes.
- the plants cannot completely absorb the high concentrations of nutrients / trace elements, so that the nutrients of the applied fertilizer are largely washed out and contribute to the eutrophication of the water.
- the emission of ammonia into the atmosphere caused by commercial fertilizers rich in annomium nitrogen is to be reduced and at the same time the ammonium nitrogen is to be deposited in the soil in a form that is metabolizable by plants.
- the ammonium nitrogen is complexed not only with the calcium sulfate already mentioned, but also additionally by ion exchange on the clay which is also present, preferably bentonite / montmorillonite, vermiculite and illite.
- Other nitrogen-containing substances such as.
- B. Proteins from organic manure are bound as a complex / storage compound, so that the nitrogen fertilizer value is fully preserved. This allows microbes and plants the nitrogen z.
- B. directly absorb and utilize as ammonium ion without first degrading it microbially to nitrate, so that nitrate enrichment in the plants is excluded on its own.
- the invention further relates to a whole fertilizer material according to claim 14, which is composed of vegetable and animal organic waste, a mineral mixture with / without trace elements and clay and at least one Ca compound.
- the invention further relates to a mineral humus (whole fertilizer) which can be obtained as the product of the method according to claim 1.
- a mineral humus whole fertilizer
- It is a universally suitable concentrate for improving the soil, in particular its water retention and air permeability, but also for the promotion of a biologically intact plant growth that is also resistant to pest infestation and mechanical influences. This concentrate remains and will be preserved in the soil and thus in the plants not washed out so that it cannot contaminate water. Rather, from the first day of its use, it brings about increased quality and quantity of the crop yield in comparison to plants which previously appeared to be optimally fertilized.
- fermentation / fermentation of organic waste is meant here in the broadest sense and means the microbial degradation of plant, animal and other organic substances. This includes, in particular, composting and humification, the degradation of organic domestic and industrial waste, the surface treatment of agricultural and forestry soils and other degradation processes for organic waste under the influence of microorganisms.
- the whole fertilizer (mineral humus) according to the invention contains insoluble potassium and magnesium.
- the whole fertilizer according to the invention is of decisive advantage due to the insolubility of the magnesium and potassium salts contained in it.
- the harmfulness of water-soluble potassium compounds in the fertilizer is evident from the fact that cress seeds do not germinate on a grape pomace or fungal mycelium humus fertilizer supplemented with soluble potassium salt.
- the mineral mixture according to the invention contains at least the following components: at least one insoluble potassium mineral, preferably a potassium silicate, in particular potassium feldspar (K [AlSi 3 0 8 ]), at least one insoluble Mg mineral, a Ca compound, preferably calcium sulfate, a clay, preferably bentonite / montmorillonite, silicate (e.g. ashes and dusts from lignite-fired power plants, lava flour, lime / diatoms or powdered glass), insoluble phosphate (s), preferably Thomas flour.
- the mineral mixture still trace elements such.
- a preferred calcium compound is calcium sulfate, which can be attributed to various properties of the calcium sulfate.
- the main advantage of gypsum over other Ca compounds is based due to its excellent ability to complexly bind volatile ammonium nitrogen, which accounts for about 50 to 70% of the total nitrogen content of liquid manure, liquid manure, etc. and is enzymatically formed from the urea excreted with the urine, the volatilization of the ammonium vapors preventing the atmosphere and increasing nitrogen metabolism to an unprecedented level of efficiency.
- additional calcium-containing material (s) stick sludge and / or sugar lime from paper or sugar factories are preferred which contain calcium in the form of calcium carbonate.
- the use of bentomite / montmorillo ⁇ it as clay is preferred.
- humic acids as a degradation product of organic substances
- the neutralization consequently also leads to a buffer effect, which is further increased due to the high ion exchange capacity of the bentonite, so that favorable ion and pH conditions can be achieved or improved for life in the soil.
- Silicates as an additive to the mineral mixture fulfill the task of dissolving as a result of relatively aggressive excretions (citric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric acid) of microbes and fine roots, as inorganic silicic acid (s) and thus the supporting tissue, especially in the nodes of Straws and sticks, to strengthen and to increase the resistance of plants to insect damage. In addition, they act as a so-called soil conditioner.
- the silica (s) enter a microbe passage the silica (s) is biomethylated, which in organic form has been shown to act as a catalyst in the synthesis of (organic) protein from inorganic nitrogen salts.
- the organic waste is sorted and then pre-crushed in a coarse grinder.
- the next step of the fully automated process is the metal deposition with a magnet for ferrous metals and an eddy current magnet for non-ferrous metals, whereupon the waste mixture containing only organic substances is fed into a fine mill.
- a fine mill There it is micronized / defibrated with a paddle mixer with a homogeneous admixture of a minerals mixture that has been minced in advance and converted into a water-rich, solid nutrient medium.
- screw mills can also be used for the micronization of the organic waste.
- micronizing means comminuting the organic waste to sizes below 1 mm, preferably below 0.1 mm, particularly preferably 0, 01-0.1 mm. This comminution is sufficient to destroy cell structures and to release cell contents.
- organic waste which can be used for the method according to claim 1, organic substances of any kind understood, especially paper, leather, household waste, textiles, animal and vegetable kitchen waste, organic waste from gardening, agriculture, forestry, seaweed, sewage sludge and faeces. It is particularly preferred to use a mixture of sewage sludge and unsorted household waste (only metals have been removed beforehand), the weight ratios being 1-10: 1-10, preferably 1-5: 2-10. A ratio (based on the weight) of 1: 2-8, especially 1: 3-6, is particularly preferred. In this way, not only the fermentation is optimized. Instead, the municipal waste and sewage sludge generated are optimally reused.
- the mineral mixture used according to the invention contains as components at least: a) potassium in insoluble form (in particular potassium feldspar), b) silicate (s), c) insoluble (s) phosphate (s) and d) magnesium in insoluble form and optionally e) Trace elements.
- Mixtures are preferred which consist of one or more elements consisting of Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, V, W, Ti, Ni, Zn, Se, S, Al, F, Br, I, As, Sn and Ge Group included.
- the components of the mineral mixture are, based on the weight, in a ratio of 1-10: 1-10: 1-10 (a: b: c: d), preferably in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 0.5 (a: b: c: d) is used.
- the trace element content based on 1-10 parts by weight of each of the constituents a), b), c) and d), is 0.01-1, preferably 0.1-1 parts by weight.
- the mineral mixture is very finely comminuted (pulverized) before it is introduced into the fine mill, that is, brought to an average particle size of less than 0.1 mm, preferably to a size of 10-50 ⁇ .
- Clay is a submicroscopic mineral with a primary particle size of only about 0.2 ⁇ m already finely ground and only needs to be deagglomerated using moisture.
- This preferably homogeneous mixture of finely crushed minerals, finely crushed or slightly soluble Ca compound, micronized organic waste (vegetable and animal) and the clay is referred to as a so-called whole fertilizer material.
- the small particle size of all components ensures an optimally homogeneous mixing of the whole fertilizer material and thus an optimal fermentation, which enables the formation of the so-called primary aggregates in statu nascendi. As described above, these primary aggregates are converted by microbes into 1-3 mm large crumbs, the so-called aggregates 2.
- the individual components, based on the weight, are present in the ratio A, preferably in the ratio B, in particular in the ratio C (mixture of minerals: organic waste: clay: Ca compound).
- the ratio of the individual constituents of the mineral mixture, based on the weight, is 1-10: 1-10: 1-10: 1-10, preferably 1: 1: 1: 0.5 (order according to a) - d) on the side 12).
- the fermentation of the whole fertilizer material takes place under microbe-appropriate framework conditions after homogeneous mixing of the individual components.
- the fermentation is preferably carried out in a sporadically rotating drum with forced gassing and optimization of the - IS -
- the cell constituents released during the comminution of the organic waste are particularly easily accessible to microbes and oxygen owing to the enlarged surface and attack surface and immediately begin to decompose organic substance in reverse of the biochemical equilibrium reactions. This biotic degradation is further enhanced by spontaneous abiotic autoxidation.
- the carboxyl groups formed in the course of the degradation reactions are neutralized and buffered by the mineral bases present and thus protected against further oxidative degradation.
- the goal of the implementation is namely not a complete, primarily abiotic, oxidative degradation of the organic mass until complete mineralization to carbon dioxide, which would then escape into the atmosphere, but after a partial primary degradation the formation of protein (microbes) and the carbohydrate microbial mucus by biotic Metabolic processes.
- the latter is desirable because carbohydrate microbial slime is partially oxidized and / or side-chain methylated cellulose from the organic or leaf mass contains, which have an extremely high water and heavy metal binding capacity, whereby the water binding capacity can be up to 100 times its own weight.
- microbial mucus holds the primary aggregates together and thus forms the so-called crumb (crumbs 1-3 mm in size).
- the mucus layer of the microbes is rich in enzymes that can break down organic substances. The resulting degradation products can then be metabolized by the microbes.
- the resulting carboxyl groups are buffered by the mineral bases, so that neutral pH values are achieved, which are generally preferred by the microbes. Accordingly, a neutral pH affects the speed of the microbial reactions.
- the fermentation reaction starts immediately when the above-mentioned components - minced mineral mixture, micronized vegetable and animal organic waste, clay and Ca compound, especially Ca sulfate, are brought together under aerobic conditions. Adequate aeration is preferred to prevent the formation of root-damaging substances resulting from the anaerobic digestion of biomass, since these can no longer be eliminated even by subsequent composting of the previous type.
- the oxygen requirement of the individual microbes can be very different. Therefore, the oxygen concentration by supplying oxygen during the fermentation should be 20 to 40% by volume, preferably about 35% by volume, depending on the types of microbes. With sufficient critical mass, temperatures of over 55 ° C are quickly reached in the fermenter. Pathogenic germs (e.g. cholera, tetanus, E.
- coli are killed irreversibly both due to the temperature, but primarily through antibiotics, the z. B. of streptomycetes (streptomycin) are produced.
- streptomycetes streptomycin
- the non-pathogenic germs are not killed, but rather encapsulate themselves in the dormant spore form when they lose their living conditions due to lack of food, moisture and too high / low temperature.
- the maximum temperatures of 82 ° C. reached during the described fermentation process ensure the inactivation of any undesired plant seeds that may be present.
- the optimal course of the fermentation is achieved by setting an optimal carbon / nitrogen ratio.
- This ratio is (for the starting mixture) about 1000: 1-10: 1, preferably about 100: 1- 10: 1, particularly preferably about 50: 1-25: 1.
- the C / N ratio is adjusted by appropriate blends when compiling the whole fertilizer material.
- it can be expediently mixed by sewage sludge with unsorted household waste, based on the weight, in a ratio of 1-10: 1-10, preferably in a ratio of 1-5: 2-10, in particular in a ratio of 1: 2-8 , particularly preferably 1: 3-6.
- the fermentation process takes the form of a worm composting process in which kitchen waste (i.e. animal and vegetable waste) and animal manure are mixed with the optimal mineral flour mixture.
- kitchen waste i.e. animal and vegetable waste
- animal manure are mixed with the optimal mineral flour mixture.
- the invention also relates to "in situ" applications of the fermentation process.
- the preferably homogeneous mixture of organic waste, clay, Ca compound and finely ground mineral mixture is applied directly to / on the ground. It is essential that the soil is covered, ie there must be roots. Then the fermentation takes place through the soil microbes. Preference is given to mixing the finely divided minerals / rock meal, the clay and the Ca compound into liquid-rich organic waste, in particular liquid manure and / or liquid manure and / or fruit pulp and / or sewage sludge (ie manure or natural fertilizer) and immediately after harvesting the z.
- liquid-rich organic manure liquid manure, liquid manure, etc.
- the nitrogen content of which is mostly (at least 50 to about 70%) present as ammonium nitrogen, which largely escapes into the atmosphere as ammonia (instead of into the soil when it is spread over the surface in the conventional manner to date)
- ammonia instead of into the soil when it is spread over the surface in the conventional manner to date
- the calcium sulphate contained in the liquid-rich organic waste is simultaneously applied and ensures that nitrogen is complexed and stored in the ground in an (insoluble) depot form. Plants that have once made contact with this nitrogen depot by means of their root systems utilize it. Due to the phytotoxicity of the ammonium ions, ammonium nitrogen is only available from the interfaces and only in accordance with its growth and nitrogen requirements.
- the crumb substance (mineral humus, whole fertilizer) produced according to the invention ensures an optimal nitrogen supply for the plants due to the complexed ammonium nitrogen due to a phytotoxic regulation of the ammonium ion uptake by the plants themselves.
- Bentonite, REA gypsum, potassium feldspar, thomas flour and magnesite as well as 1/10 part by weight of smelting waste as micronutrient additive together micronized and adjusted to a water activity of 0.95.
- the whole fertilizer (fermented substance, mineral humus) formed by fermentation was administered to various plants. Enormous increases in quality and quantity of plants and their fruits were achieved. In addition, the plants' resistance to damage was strengthened to such an extent that the damage (illnesses) could be cured (e.g. an old apple tree infested with mildew had been sick for years and only carried 3 to 4 apples a year; after autumn treatment with the invention Within a few months, the crumbly substance had undergone an enormous change, which was evident, among other things, in an unprecedented bloom in the following spring and the disappearance of mildew; the same year, 250 kg of flawless apples could be harvested).
- the mineral humus obtained in this way has been Field tomato seedlings administered. Instead of growing 15 cm in 8 weeks as before, 25 cm have now been reached. The result was exceptionally strong stems and a lot of large leaves and fruits with weights between 250 and 400 grams and a diameter of 8-11 cm compared to 4-5 cm.
- the tomatoes were flawless in appearance, inside without any cavity, cut-resistant and of an unprecedented aromatic palatability and exceptionally storable.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/211,801 US5603744A (en) | 1991-10-14 | 1992-10-13 | Process for establishing optimum soil conditions by naturally forming tilth |
JP5507417A JPH07500807A (ja) | 1991-10-14 | 1992-10-13 | 耕地の自然形成による最適な土壌条件の確立法 |
EP92921124A EP0608287B1 (de) | 1991-10-14 | 1992-10-13 | Verfahren zur naturgemässen bildung von krümelsubstanz garer agrarböden |
DE59203493T DE59203493D1 (de) | 1991-10-14 | 1992-10-13 | Verfahren zur naturgemässen bildung von krümelsubstanz garer agrarböden. |
AU26947/92A AU664862B2 (en) | 1991-10-14 | 1992-10-13 | Process for establishing optimum soil conditions by naturally forming tilth |
GR950403364T GR3018243T3 (en) | 1991-10-14 | 1995-11-29 | Process for establishing optimum soil conditions by naturally forming tilth. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4133984A DE4133984A1 (de) | 1991-10-14 | 1991-10-14 | Verfahren zum biologischen aufschluss von mineralien |
DEP4133984.3 | 1991-10-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1993008143A1 true WO1993008143A1 (de) | 1993-04-29 |
Family
ID=6442656
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1992/002356 WO1993008143A1 (de) | 1991-10-14 | 1992-10-13 | Verfahren zur naturgemässen bildung von krümelsubstanz garer agrarböden |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5603744A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0608287B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH07500807A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE127112T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU664862B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2121244A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4133984A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2079893T3 (de) |
GR (1) | GR3018243T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993008143A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0649825A1 (de) * | 1993-10-20 | 1995-04-26 | Hochwald-Ton-GmbH | Verfahren zum Verarbeiten von Klärschlamm |
ES2111467A1 (es) * | 1995-06-28 | 1998-03-01 | Turol Trading S A | Enmienda organica enriquecida con hierro y oligoelementos procedente de residuos vegetales y su procedimiento de su fabricacion. |
ES2111466A1 (es) * | 1995-06-28 | 1998-03-01 | Agrimartin S A | Abono organico enriquecido con hierro y oligoelementos y procedimiento para su preparacion. |
Families Citing this family (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NZ274092A (en) * | 1993-09-28 | 1997-11-24 | Env & Resource Tech Holdings | Producing growing media; green organic material is ground, water is added and the amount of nutrient and moisture adjusted such that internal temperature reaches 70 degrees celcius maximum |
DE19520823C1 (de) * | 1995-05-30 | 1996-10-10 | Franz Van Stephoudt | Mineralisches Vegetatitionssubstrat, Verfahren zur (Re)Kultivierung von Böden und Verwendung |
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- 1992-10-13 DE DE59203493T patent/DE59203493D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-13 EP EP92921124A patent/EP0608287B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1992-10-13 AT AT92921124T patent/ATE127112T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2079893T3 (es) | 1996-01-16 |
AU2694792A (en) | 1993-05-21 |
CA2121244A1 (en) | 1993-04-29 |
ATE127112T1 (de) | 1995-09-15 |
GR3018243T3 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
JPH07500807A (ja) | 1995-01-26 |
DE4133984A1 (de) | 1993-04-15 |
AU664862B2 (en) | 1995-12-07 |
EP0608287A1 (de) | 1994-08-03 |
US5603744A (en) | 1997-02-18 |
EP0608287B1 (de) | 1995-08-30 |
DE59203493D1 (de) | 1995-10-05 |
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