WO1993004752A1 - Process and device for vaporizing a liquid contained in a porous body - Google Patents

Process and device for vaporizing a liquid contained in a porous body Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993004752A1
WO1993004752A1 PCT/FR1992/000838 FR9200838W WO9304752A1 WO 1993004752 A1 WO1993004752 A1 WO 1993004752A1 FR 9200838 W FR9200838 W FR 9200838W WO 9304752 A1 WO9304752 A1 WO 9304752A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
porous material
intensity
electric current
solution
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PCT/FR1992/000838
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French (fr)
Inventor
Henri Renon
Robert Meyrignac
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Association Pour La Recherche Et Le Developpement Des Methodes Et Processus Industriels - A.R.M.I.N.E.S.
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Application filed by Association Pour La Recherche Et Le Developpement Des Methodes Et Processus Industriels - A.R.M.I.N.E.S. filed Critical Association Pour La Recherche Et Le Developpement Des Methodes Et Processus Industriels - A.R.M.I.N.E.S.
Priority to JP5505000A priority Critical patent/JPH06502716A/en
Publication of WO1993004752A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993004752A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0017—Use of electrical or wave energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F22B1/30—Electrode boilers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for vaporizing a liquid contained in a porous body, by passing an electric current, and more particularly to such methods and devices in which the electric current is brought to the porous body by the intermediate of two electrodes supplied with electric current, in contact with the porous body.
  • Such steam generators are known, in particular from patent FR-A-2,595,052, in which the liquid which it is desired to vaporize is previously stored in a porous body, which is subjected to an electric field by the intermediate of two electrodes, constituted for example by plates between which a determined potential difference is applied.
  • the supply of vaporizing liquid most of the time consisting of water, is carried out either by capillary pumping, for example by soaking the porous body in a reserve of liquid to be vaporized, or by a continuous supply or no, which can occasionally be controlled by control means acting as a function of the humidity level of the porous body.
  • Vaporization methods and devices of this type have the advantage of having a particularly short response time.
  • vaporization devices are made to operate, either continuously with a maintained vapor flow rate, which can be stopped on demand, or discontinuously, which forces the user to periodically stop the device in order to ensure its recharging. in spray liquid.
  • Vaporization methods and devices of this type have a number of drawbacks.
  • a first drawback stems from the fact that these vaporization devices can only be used to vaporize liquids which conduct electric current, which excludes their use for vaporizing distilled or permuted water.
  • a second drawback of the aforementioned vaporization devices stems from the fact that, from one region to another, the conductivity thereof varies in proportions which may be significant, leading to a significant variation in the nominal operating intensity of the vaporization device, and therefore in the quantity of vapor supplied by it.
  • a third drawback which manifests itself in the case where the liquid to be vaporized is tap water, stems from the fact that, in the case of continuous operation of a vaporization device, the intensity of the electric current passing through the porous body increases with the duration of operation, to reach, after a few tens of hours, intensities of the order of ten to twenty times the nominal operating intensity. This is why such vaporization devices with continuous operation must imperatively be provided with regulation means making it possible to reduce the operating intensity of the device to a value more or less close to its nominal operating intensity.
  • Such vaporization devices although being intended to operate continuously, are, moreover, forced to undergo periodic stops, intended to remove, by rinsing or by soaking, part of the salts accumulated in the apparatus during its operation.
  • periodic stops intended to remove, by rinsing or by soaking, part of the salts accumulated in the apparatus during its operation.
  • experience shows that only part of them can be eliminated. so that even periodic cleaning cannot overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • Another disadvantage of the vaporizing devices of the prior art stems from the fact that, after a certain operating time, which depends on the mode of supply of liquid to be vaporized, and which can range from a few minutes to several days, sparks which gradually increase in power, are created in the porous body, the powers brought into play in these sparks can be such that they lead to piercing of the enclosure containing the porous body.
  • certain steam generators such as, for example, those intended to equip wallpaper strippers, irons, etc.
  • Such devices are thus loaded with water to be vaporized and then operate until it is exhausted. If such a vaporization device is left to operate for a sufficient period of time, and if it is stopped for a period greater than about fifteen minutes, there is, after restarting the device, an increase in the intensity of the electric current can be equal to several times the intensity of the current existing when the device is put into service for the first time.
  • the same phenomenon is of course encountered on devices intended to operate normally from continuously when stopped, for example for maintenance reasons, for periods exceeding fifteen minutes. This phenomenon is further accentuated when the device is put in the rest state for a longer time.
  • a steam generator such as that described in patent PR-A-2,595,052, in which the intensity of the current is kept almost constant, at a given nominal value, by a system for sprinkling the porous body sending of water when the intensity of the generator tends to decrease, which operates for more than 100 hours and which is supplied with tap water, with an average conductivity of about 0.05 ohm ⁇ .m ⁇ , has, after a shutdown of 15 minutes, a restart intensity greater than twice the nominal intensity, this intensity being able to reach twenty times the nominal intensity for a steam generator having operated for 400 hours and having been stopped for approximately 200 hours.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the above-mentioned drawbacks, by proposing a method and a vaporization device, of particularly simple embodiment, whose " operating intensity is independent of the conductivity of the liquid to be vaporized, and is almost -constant in continuous mode and whose restarting intensities, in the case of a discontinuous operating regime, are also constant.
  • the method and the vaporization device according to the invention also make it possible to vaporize non-conductive liquids of the electric current and eliminate sparks occurring in the porous body, in continuous or discontinuous regime, after a certain period of operation.
  • the present invention thus relates to a method of vaporizing a liquid stored in a porous material disposed between two conductive electrodes supplied with electric current in which said liquid and said porous material form a medium conducting electric current, characterized in that, at least prior to the first commissioning of the porous material, there are, in a substantially uniform manner, in the pores of said material porous, a treatment product such as said medium conducting the electric current has a conductivity greater than that which it would have without treatment.
  • the treatment product is in solution, or in suspension, in a "liquid support", which serves as a vehicle and makes it possible to distribute, with great regularity, the treatment product in the pores of the porous material.
  • the “liquid support” product can be eliminated, for example by evaporation.
  • concentration of the conductive solution with which the porous material is impregnated, at least prior to its first commissioning preferably has a concentration such as the conductivity of the conductive medium of the electric current consisting of the porous material, the treatment product and the liquid to be spray is greater than 0.2ohm ⁇ .m. Indeed, we know that in France the governing standards, the quality of "tap" water requires that their conductivity be less than 0.2oh ⁇ T .m ⁇ .
  • the “liquid support” product can consist of the liquid to be vaporized.
  • the present invention also aims at a vaporization device, making it possible to obtain the advantages previously mentioned.
  • This device for vaporizing a liquid stored in a porous material disposed between two conductive electrodes connected to a source of electric current, in which said liquid and said porous material form a medium conducting electric current, is characterized in that the porous material in which is stored said liquid contains a treatment product capable of increasing the conductivity of said medium conducting the electric current.
  • the method and the device according to the invention can be used in very varied fields, in particular in the industrial fields, for example in steam boilers, as well as in the field household, more particularly in ovens, as well as in the field of DIY, by equipping wallpaper peelers etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph representing the curve of variation of the intensity of the operating current of a vaporization device, as a function of time, respectively according to the prior art (curve a) and according to the invention ( curve b).
  • FIG. 2 represents, in schematic form, a vaporization device of the type from which the curves of FIGS. 1 and 2 have been established.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph representing the variation curve of the initial intensity of the operating current of a vaporization device, as a function of the conductivity of the water to be vaporized, respectively according to the prior art (curve a) and according to the invention (curve b).
  • FIG. 4 is a graph representing the variation curve of the ratio of the intensity of the restarting current of a vaporization device, to the intensity of the current at the time of stopping as a function of the stopping time of the latter. ci, respectively according to the prior art (curve a) and according to the invention (curve b).
  • FIG. 5 is a graph representing the variation curve of the intensity of the operating current of a vaporization device according to the invention, as a function of the concentration of a solution containing a treatment product whose porous body has been impregnated, prior to its commissioning, for different operating times of the spray device, namely Oh (curve a), 200h (curve b) and 600h (curve c).
  • FIG. 6 is a graph representing the variation in the intensity of the operating current of a vaporization device according to the prior art, as a function of time, respectively after 20 operating cycles (curve a), 50 cycles of operation (curve b) and 100 operating cycles (curve c).
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation curve of the intensity of the operating current of a vaporization device according to the invention, as a function of time, respectively after 20 operating cycles (curve a), 50 operating cycles (curve b), and 100 operating cycles (curve c).
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view in cross section and vertical of an example of production of a spray device according to the invention.
  • the Applicant has established by a series of tests, described below, that the treatment of the body with a treatment product having the effect of increasing the conductivity of the conductive medium, consisting of the porous material and the liquid to be vaporized, prior to its first commissioning, improves the various operating parameters of the vaporization devices of the prior art.
  • the curves in FIGS. 1 and 3 have been drawn up on vaporization devices of the continuous operating type, such as that shown schematically in FIG. 2.
  • the vaporization device 1 essentially consists of an enclosure 2 to 1 inside of which a porous material 3 is arranged, the lower part of which extends downwards by a protuberance 4 in contact with the liquid to be vaporized contained in a reservoir 5, so as to ensure, by capillarity, a permanent supply of liquid porous material 3.
  • Two electrodes 6 and 7, in contact with the porous material 3 ensure the passage of an electric current therein, when they are connected to the terminals A and B of the electrical network.
  • the vaporization device according to the invention is of a type identical to that described above, with the difference that the porous material 3 in which the liquid to be vaporized is stored, prior to its first commissioning, was impregnated with a solution containing 40g / l of sodium chloride.
  • the vaporization device according to the invention was able to operate for 100 hours, without showing any significant increase in intensity, since its initial intensity of 10 amperes was brought up, at the end of tests, at a value of 11 amps which represents an increase in intensity of 10%.
  • vaporization devices are used to vaporize water from different sources supplied by different local networks.
  • the conductivities of these waters although limited, as mentioned above, by the French standards currently in force at 0.2 ohm _1 .m -1 , are however likely to vary in significant proportions according to their origin.
  • the Applicant as shown in FIG.
  • the intensity passing through the porous body of the vaporization device according to the invention remains constant as a function of the conductivity of the water to be vaporized.
  • the present invention therefore makes it possible to supply a vaporization device with water coming from any water distribution network, without this provenance being of a nature to cause appreciable variations in the initial intensity of the vaporization and therefore the amount of vapor supplied by it.
  • the present invention also makes it possible, by increasing the conductivity of the liquid to be vaporized, to ensure the vaporization of liquids which are not conductive of the electric current, such as distilled water, permuted or demineralized water as well as any liquid miscible with the water, such as alcohol for example, in the case where the initial solution charging the porous body at the start is water with one or more salts or an electrolyte.
  • the conductivity of the medium, and therefore the intensity of the current increases during operation of the device and, in continuously operating devices in which one regularly moistens the porous material, the intensity is adjusted by less abundant watering of the porous material.
  • the present invention makes it possible to completely eliminate this drawback, on the one hand by stabilizing the conductivity of the medium and therefore the intensity of the current during operation, which avoids having to carry out a progressive drying and, on the other hand, allowing a greater distance of the electrodes.
  • the present invention thus allows the designer of this type of steam generator to have a choice between a steam generator providing, at equal risk of ignition, greater vaporization power, and between a steam generator having, at power supplied equal, greater security against the risk of ignition.
  • the Applicant has also established that the present invention makes it possible to eliminate the problems encountered in the vaporization devices of the prior art, when, after a determined operating time, the generator is stopped for a relatively long period for the then put back into operation, which then resulted in a restart intensity greater than the intensity of the vaporization device at the time of its deactivation.
  • the applicant has stopped, for times extending up to 300 hours, a vaporization device respectively according to the prior art (curve a) and according to the invention (curve b), having already operated. previously for 400 hours, and measured the restart intensity thereof.
  • the curves Ir in Ia have shown the ratio Ir / Ia of the restarting intensity Ir of a vaporization device over its intensity la at the time of stopping, as a function of the duration of the latter.
  • the curve a shows that, under certain operating conditions, and in particular after an operating stop of 300 hours, the restarting intensity Ir of a vaporization device according to the prior art is approximately 16 times the intensity it possessed at the time of the shutdown. Under the same operating conditions, the vaporization device according to the invention (curve b), the restarting intensity Ir is only 1.26 times that of the intensity la at the time of
  • the method and the device according to the invention are thus such as to ensure regularization of the restarting intensities Ir which is particularly significant, of a vaporization device with discontinuous operation.
  • the Applicant has established that, for conditions imposed at the start, such as the maximum distance between electrodes, the supply voltage of the latter, the external dimensions of the enclosure having to receive the vaporization means, it was possible to determine an optimal concentration of a solution for impregnating the porous material for which the intensity remains as stable as possible during the operation of the vaporization device.
  • the Applicant has thus established, for a vaporization device whose distance between electrodes is of the order of 30 cm, supplied with a voltage of 110 volts, the curves a, b, c of FIG. 5 representing the variation of the intensity I of the current passing through the porous body, as a function of the concentration in sodium chloride of a presalant solution with the aid of which, according to the invention, the porous body in which the liquid to be vaporized (stored here is water) is impregnated respectively for operating times 0, 200, and 600 hours.
  • FIG. 5 also shows that any presaling, even a weak one, reduces the relative variation of the intensity during the operation of the vaporization device, if the concentration of water power supply is less than the optimal value found for a given configuration. In this case, to obtain the most stable operating intensity possible, the concentration of impregnation water must be close to 40g / l.
  • the present invention therefore makes it possible, for a given configuration of a vaporization device, to determine the concentration of the impregnation liquid of the porous body allowing the vaporization device to operate under almost constant intensity.
  • FIG. 6 thus represents the variation profile of the operating intensities of a vaporization device of the prior art, as a function of time, after respectively 25 cycles (curve a), 50 cycles (curve b), and 100 operating cycles (curve c).
  • curves shown clearly establish that the irregularities in the operation of the spray device increase with the number of cycles carried out with it.
  • FIG. 7 shows the same variation profile, from the operating intensities of a vaporization device according to the invention, having identical operating cycles, so that the curves a, b, c correspond previous curves with the same index. It can be seen that these three curves a, b, c are, on the one hand, very close to each other, which demonstrates that the number of cycles of the vaporization device according to the invention has little influence on its operating intensity and, on the other hand, have very damped peaks which shows that the variation of the operating intensity as a function of time is much more gradual than in the vaporization devices of the prior art.
  • FIG. 8 there is shown a vaporization device implementing the method and the device according to the invention.
  • This vaporization device consists of an enclosure 20, of substantially parallelepiped shape, consisting for example of welded polypropylene plates, the part of which lower comprises a transverse reservoir 22 intended to contain a reserve of liquid to be vaporized, for example water, and which is connected, for this purpose, to a water supply pipe 24.
  • a porous material 26, of parallelepiped shape consisting for example of hydrophilic rock wool, is disposed inside the enclosure 20.
  • This porous material 26 comprises a foot 28, in contact with the liquid to be vaporized contained in the reservoir 22, which ensures, by capillarity, the supply of liquid to be vaporized with the porous material 26.
  • Two opposite internal walls of the enclosure 20 comprise two electrodes 30, 32, for example made of graphite or copper, which are connected by conductive wires 34, 36 to the terminals of power supply.
  • the dimensions of the porous body 26 are such that it is applied strongly against the electrodes 30, 32, so as to make good electrical contact with them.
  • the upper part of the enclosure 20 includes a vapor outlet tube 38.
  • the present invention makes it possible, by increasing the conductivity of the porous material 26, to further spread the electrodes 30, 32, with respect to the spacing used on the vaporization devices of the prior art, which allows, in during use, to reduce the risk of producing sparks at the same operating intensity.
  • the porous material 26 was impregnated, before being placed in the enclosure 20, with a sodium chloride solution at 40 g / l.
  • Vaporization devices of this type can operate either continuously, and they can then be used in various fields, such as, for example, that of humidifiers, steam generating boilers, or on the contrary are discontinuous and they are then usable, for example, as steam generators for supplying steam to wallpaper strippers, irons, etc.
  • Such vaporization devices are particularly advantageous because of their simplicity linked, in particular, to the reduced number of parts constituting them and also to the fact that sophisticated intensity regulation systems are not necessary.
  • the present invention makes it possible to no longer have to take into account many parameters which, until now, have conditioned the proper functioning of the vaporization devices.

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Abstract

Process and device for vaporizing a liquid stored in a porous material disposed between two conductive electrodes supplied with electric current in which said liquid and said porous material form a medium for conducting electric current. The process is characterized in that a treating product is uniformly applied to the pores of the porous material, at least before the first use therof, thereby enhancing the conductivity of said conductive medium.

Description

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE VAPORISATION D'UN LIQUIDE CONTENU DANS UN CORPS POREUX. METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VAPORIZING A LIQUID CONTAINED IN A POROUS BODY.
La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de vaporisation d'un liquide contenu dans un corps poreux, par passage d'un courant électrique, et plus particulièrement de tels procédés et dispositifs dans lesquels le courant électrique est amené au corps poreux par l'intermédiaire de deux électrodes alimentées en courant électrique, en contact avec le corps poreux.The present invention relates to a method and a device for vaporizing a liquid contained in a porous body, by passing an electric current, and more particularly to such methods and devices in which the electric current is brought to the porous body by the intermediate of two electrodes supplied with electric current, in contact with the porous body.
On connaît de tels générateurs de vapeur, notamment par le brevet FR-A-2 595 052, dans lesquels le liquide que l'on souhaite vaporiser est préalablement stocké dans un corps poreux, que l'on soumet à un champ électrique par l'intermédiaire de deux électrodes, constituées par exemple par des plaques entre lesquelles on applique une différence de potentiel déterminée. Dans de tels générateurs l'alimentation en liquide de vaporisation, la plupart du temps constituée d'eau, est réalisée soit par pompage capillaire, par exemple en faisant tremper le corps poreux dans une réserve de liquide à vaporiser, soit par une alimentation continue ou non, pouvant être, à l'occasion, contrôlée par des moyens de commande intervenant en fonction du taux d'humidité du corps poreux. Les procédés et dispositifs de vaporisation de ce type présentent l'avantage de posséder un temps de réponse particulièrement réduit.Such steam generators are known, in particular from patent FR-A-2,595,052, in which the liquid which it is desired to vaporize is previously stored in a porous body, which is subjected to an electric field by the intermediate of two electrodes, constituted for example by plates between which a determined potential difference is applied. In such generators the supply of vaporizing liquid, most of the time consisting of water, is carried out either by capillary pumping, for example by soaking the porous body in a reserve of liquid to be vaporized, or by a continuous supply or no, which can occasionally be controlled by control means acting as a function of the humidity level of the porous body. Vaporization methods and devices of this type have the advantage of having a particularly short response time.
Ces dispositifs de vaporisation sont amenés à fonctionner, soit de façon continue avec un débit de vapeur entretenu, pouvant être stoppé à la demande, soit de façon discontinue, ce qui contraint l'utilisateur à arrêter périodiquement l'appareil afin d'assurer sa recharge en liquide de vaporisation. Les procédés et dispositifs de vaporisation de ce type présentent un certain nombre d'inconvénients.These vaporization devices are made to operate, either continuously with a maintained vapor flow rate, which can be stopped on demand, or discontinuously, which forces the user to periodically stop the device in order to ensure its recharging. in spray liquid. Vaporization methods and devices of this type have a number of drawbacks.
Un premier inconvénient provient de ce que ces dispositifs de vaporisation ne sont utilisables que pour assurer la vaporisation de liquides conducteurs du courant électrique, ce qui en exclut l'utilisation pour la vaporisation d'eau distillée ou permutée.A first drawback stems from the fact that these vaporization devices can only be used to vaporize liquids which conduct electric current, which excludes their use for vaporizing distilled or permuted water.
Un second inconvénient des dispositifs de vaporisation précités, notamment dans le cas où le liquide à vaporiser est constitué par de l'eau "du robinet", provient de ce que, d'une région à l'autre, la conductivité de celle-ci varie dans des proportions pouvant être importantes, conduisant à une importante variation de l'intensité nominale de fonctionnement du dispositif de vaporisation, et donc de la quantité de vapeur fournie par celui-ci. On est ainsi conduit, suivant les cas, soit à admettre ces variations de l'intensité nominale avec toutes les conséquences que cela implique à la fois sur le plan de la qualité du travail effectué et sur celui de la sécurité du fonctionnement, soit à doter l'appareil de moyens de régulation de l'intensité de façon à compenser les variations de celle-ci.A second drawback of the aforementioned vaporization devices, in particular in the case where the liquid to be vaporized is constituted by "tap" water, stems from the fact that, from one region to another, the conductivity thereof varies in proportions which may be significant, leading to a significant variation in the nominal operating intensity of the vaporization device, and therefore in the quantity of vapor supplied by it. One is thus led, according to the cases, either to admit these variations of the nominal intensity with all the consequences that this implies both in terms of the quality of the work performed and in terms of operational safety, that is to provide the device with intensity regulation means so as to compensate for variations thereof.
Un troisième inconvénient, qui- se manifeste dans le cas où le liquide à vaporiser est l'eau du robinet, provient de ce que, dans le cas d'un fonctionnement en continu d'un dispositif de vaporisation, l'intensité du courant électrique traversant le corps poreux augmente avec la durée de fonctionnement, pour atteindre, au bout de quelques dizaines d'heures, des intensités de l'ordre de dix à vingt fois l'intensité nominale de fonctionnement. C'est pourquoi de tels dispositifs de vaporisation à fonctionnement continu doivent impérativement être pourvus de moyens de régulation permettant de ramener l'intensité de fonctionnement de l'appareil à une valeur plus ou moins proche de son intensité de fonctionnement nominale.A third drawback, which manifests itself in the case where the liquid to be vaporized is tap water, stems from the fact that, in the case of continuous operation of a vaporization device, the intensity of the electric current passing through the porous body increases with the duration of operation, to reach, after a few tens of hours, intensities of the order of ten to twenty times the nominal operating intensity. This is why such vaporization devices with continuous operation must imperatively be provided with regulation means making it possible to reduce the operating intensity of the device to a value more or less close to its nominal operating intensity.
De tels dispositifs de vaporisation, bien qu'étant destinés à fonctionner en continu, sont, de plus, contraints de subir des arrêts périodiques, destinés à éliminer, par rinçage ou par trempage, une partie des sels accumulés dans l'appareil au cours de son fonctionnement. Cependant l'expérience montre qu'une partie seulement de ceux-ci peut être éliminée. de sorte que même des nettoyages périodiques ne peuvent pallier les inconvénients précités.Such vaporization devices, although being intended to operate continuously, are, moreover, forced to undergo periodic stops, intended to remove, by rinsing or by soaking, part of the salts accumulated in the apparatus during its operation. However, experience shows that only part of them can be eliminated. so that even periodic cleaning cannot overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
Un autre inconvénient des dispositifs de vaporisation de la technique antérieure provient de ce que, au bout d'un certain temps de fonctionnement, qui dépend du mode d'alimentation en liquide à vaporiser, et pouvant aller de quelques minutes à plusieurs jours, des étincelles qui augmentent progressivement de puissance, sont créées dans le corps poreux, les puissances mises en jeu dans ces étincelles pouvant être telles qu'elles conduisent à des percements de l'enceinte contenant le corps poreux.Another disadvantage of the vaporizing devices of the prior art stems from the fact that, after a certain operating time, which depends on the mode of supply of liquid to be vaporized, and which can range from a few minutes to several days, sparks which gradually increase in power, are created in the porous body, the powers brought into play in these sparks can be such that they lead to piercing of the enclosure containing the porous body.
De plus, certains générateurs de vapeur, tels que, par exemple, ceux destinés à équiper des décolleurs de papier peint, des fers à repasser etc, sont destinés à fonctionner de façon discontinue. De tels appareils sont ainsi chargés en eau à vaporiser et fonctionnent ensuite jusqu'à épuisement de celle-ci. Si on laisse fonctionner un tel dispositif de vaporisation pendant une période de temps suffisante, et si on l'arrête pendant une durée supérieure à environ quinze minutes, on observe, après redémarrage de l'appareil, une augmentation de l'intensité du courant électrique pouvant être égale à plusieurs fois l'intensité du courant existant lors de la première mise en service de l'appareil. On rencontre bien entendu le même phénomène sur les appareils destinés à fonctionner normalement de façon continue lorsqu'on les arrête, par exemple pour des raisons de maintenance, pendant des périodes dépassant quinze minutes. Ce phénomène est encore accentué lorsque l'appareil est mis à l'état de repos pendant un temps plus long. Ainsi un générateur de vapeur, tel que celui- décrit dans le brevet PR-A-2 595 052, dans lequel l'intensité du courant est maintenue quasi constante, à une valeur nominale donnée, par un système d'arrosage du corps poreux envoyant de l'eau quand l'intensité du générateur tend à baisser, qui fonctionne plus de 100 heures et qui est alimenté en eau du robinet, de conductivité moyenne d'environ 0,05ohm~ .m~ , possède, après un arrêt de 15 minutes, une intensité de redémarrage supérieure à deux fois l'intensité nominale, cette intensité pouvant atteindre vingt fois l'intensité nominale pour un générateur de vapeur ayant fonctionné pendant 400 heures et ayant été arrêté pendant environ 200 heures.In addition, certain steam generators, such as, for example, those intended to equip wallpaper strippers, irons, etc., are intended to operate discontinuously. Such devices are thus loaded with water to be vaporized and then operate until it is exhausted. If such a vaporization device is left to operate for a sufficient period of time, and if it is stopped for a period greater than about fifteen minutes, there is, after restarting the device, an increase in the intensity of the electric current can be equal to several times the intensity of the current existing when the device is put into service for the first time. The same phenomenon is of course encountered on devices intended to operate normally from continuously when stopped, for example for maintenance reasons, for periods exceeding fifteen minutes. This phenomenon is further accentuated when the device is put in the rest state for a longer time. Thus a steam generator, such as that described in patent PR-A-2,595,052, in which the intensity of the current is kept almost constant, at a given nominal value, by a system for sprinkling the porous body sending of water when the intensity of the generator tends to decrease, which operates for more than 100 hours and which is supplied with tap water, with an average conductivity of about 0.05 ohm ~ .m ~, has, after a shutdown of 15 minutes, a restart intensity greater than twice the nominal intensity, this intensity being able to reach twenty times the nominal intensity for a steam generator having operated for 400 hours and having been stopped for approximately 200 hours.
Ces surintensités de redémarrage sont dues à des diffusions de sels, amenés dans le corps poreux par le liquide à vaporiser, qui se sont déposés localement et qui, lors des périodes d'arrêt, migrent pour uniformiser la concentration en sels dans le corps poreux, ce qui a pour effet d'augmenter la conductance. De tels dispositifs de vaporisation ne sont donc susceptibles de fournir des débits de vapeur constants que dans la mesure où on les dote de moyens efficaces de régulation d'intensité de courant. De tels moyens augmentent la complexité de ces dispositifs de vaporisation ainsi que le prix de revient de ceux-ci.These restarting overcurrents are due to diffusions of salts, brought into the porous body by the liquid to be vaporized, which are deposited locally and which, during periods of standstill, migrate to standardize the concentration of salts in the porous body, which has the effect of increasing the conductance. Such vaporization devices are therefore likely to provide constant vapor flow rates only to the extent that they are provided with means effective current regulation. Such means increase the complexity of these vaporization devices as well as the cost price thereof.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients ci-dessus mentionnés, en proposant un procédé et un dispositif de vaporisation, de réalisation particulièrement simple, dont " l'intensité de fonctionnement est indépendante de la conductivité du liquide à vaporiser, et est quasi-constante en régime continu et dont les intensités de redémarrage, dans le cas d'un régime de fonctionnement discontinu, sont également constantes. Le procédé et le dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'invention permettent également d'assurer la vaporisation de liquides non conducteurs du courant électrique et d'éliminer les étincelles se produisant dans le corps poreux, en régime continu ou discontinu, au bout d'une certaine durée de fonctionnement.The object of the present invention is to remedy the above-mentioned drawbacks, by proposing a method and a vaporization device, of particularly simple embodiment, whose " operating intensity is independent of the conductivity of the liquid to be vaporized, and is almost -constant in continuous mode and whose restarting intensities, in the case of a discontinuous operating regime, are also constant.The method and the vaporization device according to the invention also make it possible to vaporize non-conductive liquids of the electric current and eliminate sparks occurring in the porous body, in continuous or discontinuous regime, after a certain period of operation.
La présente invention a ainsi pour objet un procédé de vaporisation d'un liquide stocké dans un matériau poreux disposé entre deux électrodes conductrices alimentées en courant électrique dans lequel ledit liquide et ledit matériau poreux forment un milieu conducteur du courant électrique, caractérisé en ce que, au moins antérieurement .à la première mise en service du matériau poreux, on dispose, de façon sensiblement uniforme, dans les pores dudit matériau poreux, un produit de traitement tel que ledit milieu conducteur du courant électrique possède une conductivité supérieure à celle qu'il aurait sans traitement. Dans un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le produit de traitement est en solution, ou en suspension, dans un "support liquide", qui sert de véhicule et permet de répartir, avec une grande régularité, le produit de traitement dans les pores du matériau poreux. Une fois cette distribution du produit de traitement réalisée, on peut éliminer, par exemple par évaporation, le produit "support liquide". La concentration de la solution conductrice dont on imprègne le matériau poreux, au moins antérieurement à sa première mise en service, possède preferablement une concentration telle que la conductivité du milieu conducteur du courant électrique constitué du matériau poreux, du produit de traitement et du liquide à vaporiser soit supérieure à 0,2ohm~ .m . En effet on sait qu'en France les normes régissant, la qualité des eaux "du robinet" imposent que la conductivité de celles-ci soit inférieure à 0,2ohπT .m~ . Ainsi, dans le cas où le liquide à vaporiser est de l'eau "du robinet", l'utilisateur est ainsi assuré que la conductivité du milieu conducteur sera supérieure à celle du liquide à vaporiser. Cependant on sait que les effets optimaux de l'invention seront obtenus pour des niveaux de concentration plus importants. Ainsi on a constaté, comme montré ci-après, que, dans le cas où le produit de traitement est constitué de chlorure de sodium dissous dans l'eau, la concentration optimale de la solution se situe aux environs de 40g/l ce qui correspond à une conductivité du milieu conducteur (à 25°C) d'environ 6,2ohm-1.m-1. Bien entendu le produit "support liquide" peut être constitué par le liquide à vaporiser.The present invention thus relates to a method of vaporizing a liquid stored in a porous material disposed between two conductive electrodes supplied with electric current in which said liquid and said porous material form a medium conducting electric current, characterized in that, at least prior to the first commissioning of the porous material, there are, in a substantially uniform manner, in the pores of said material porous, a treatment product such as said medium conducting the electric current has a conductivity greater than that which it would have without treatment. In one embodiment of the invention, the treatment product is in solution, or in suspension, in a "liquid support", which serves as a vehicle and makes it possible to distribute, with great regularity, the treatment product in the pores of the porous material. Once this distribution of the treatment product has been carried out, the “liquid support” product can be eliminated, for example by evaporation. The concentration of the conductive solution with which the porous material is impregnated, at least prior to its first commissioning, preferably has a concentration such as the conductivity of the conductive medium of the electric current consisting of the porous material, the treatment product and the liquid to be spray is greater than 0.2ohm ~ .m. Indeed, we know that in France the governing standards, the quality of "tap" water requires that their conductivity be less than 0.2ohπT .m ~. Thus, in the case where the liquid to be vaporized is "tap" water, the user is thus assured that the conductivity of the conductive medium will be higher than that of the liquid to be vaporized. However, it is known that the optimal effects of the invention will be obtained for higher concentration levels. Thus it has been observed, as shown below, that, in the case where the treatment product consists of sodium chloride dissolved in water, the optimum concentration of the solution is around 40 g / l, which corresponds at a conductivity of the conductive medium (at 25 ° C) of about 6.2ohm -1 .m -1 . Of course, the “liquid support” product can consist of the liquid to be vaporized.
La présente invention a également pour but un dispositif de vaporisation, permettant d'obtenir les avantages préalablement mentionnés. Ce dispositif de vaporisation d'un liquide stocké dans un matériau poreux disposé entre deux électrodes conductrices reliées à une source de courant électrique, dans lequel ledit liquide et ledit matériau poreux forment un milieu conducteur du courant électrique, est caractérisé en ce que le matériau poreux dans lequel est stocké ledit liquide renferme un produit de traitement apte à augmenter la conductivité dudit milieu conducteur du courant électrique.The present invention also aims at a vaporization device, making it possible to obtain the advantages previously mentioned. This device for vaporizing a liquid stored in a porous material disposed between two conductive electrodes connected to a source of electric current, in which said liquid and said porous material form a medium conducting electric current, is characterized in that the porous material in which is stored said liquid contains a treatment product capable of increasing the conductivity of said medium conducting the electric current.
Le procédé et le dispositif suivant l'invention peuvent être utilisés dans des domaines très variés, notamment dans les domaines industriels, par exemple dans les chaudières à vapeur, ainsi que dans le domaine ménager, plus particulièrement dans les fours, ainsi que dans le domaine du bricolage, en équipant des décolleurs de papier peint etc.The method and the device according to the invention can be used in very varied fields, in particular in the industrial fields, for example in steam boilers, as well as in the field household, more particularly in ovens, as well as in the field of DIY, by equipping wallpaper peelers etc.
On décrira ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, diverses formes d'exécution de la présente invention, en référence au dessin annexé sur lequel :Various embodiments of the present invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawing in which:
La figure 1 est un graphique représentant la courbe de variation de l'intensité du courant de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de vaporisation, en fonction du temps, respectivement suivant l'état antérieur de la technique (courbe a) et suivant l'invention (courbe b) .FIG. 1 is a graph representing the curve of variation of the intensity of the operating current of a vaporization device, as a function of time, respectively according to the prior art (curve a) and according to the invention ( curve b).
La figure 2 représente, sous forme schématique, un dispositif de vaporisation du type à partir duquel on a établi les courbes des figures 1 et 2.FIG. 2 represents, in schematic form, a vaporization device of the type from which the curves of FIGS. 1 and 2 have been established.
La figure 3 est un graphique représentant la courbe de variation de l'intensité initiale du courant de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de vaporisation, en fonction de la conductivité de l'eau à vaporiser, respectivement suivant l'état antérieur de la technique (courbe a) et suivant l'invention (courbe b) .FIG. 3 is a graph representing the variation curve of the initial intensity of the operating current of a vaporization device, as a function of the conductivity of the water to be vaporized, respectively according to the prior art (curve a) and according to the invention (curve b).
La figure 4 est un graphique représentant la courbe de variation du rapport de l'intensité du courant de redémarrage d'un dispositif de vaporisation, sur l'intensité du courant au moment de l'arrêt en fonction du temps d'arrêt de celui-ci, respectivement suivant l'état antérieur de la technique (courbe a) et suivant l'invention (courbe b).FIG. 4 is a graph representing the variation curve of the ratio of the intensity of the restarting current of a vaporization device, to the intensity of the current at the time of stopping as a function of the stopping time of the latter. ci, respectively according to the prior art (curve a) and according to the invention (curve b).
La figure 5 est un graphique représentant la courbe de variation de l'intensité du courant de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'invention, en fonction de la concentration d'une solution contenant un produit de traitement dont le corps poreux a été imprégné, préalablement à sa mise en service, pour différents temps de fonctionnement du dispositif de vaporisation, à savoir Oh (courbe a), 200h (courbe b) et 600h (courbe c).FIG. 5 is a graph representing the variation curve of the intensity of the operating current of a vaporization device according to the invention, as a function of the concentration of a solution containing a treatment product whose porous body has been impregnated, prior to its commissioning, for different operating times of the spray device, namely Oh (curve a), 200h (curve b) and 600h (curve c).
La figure 6 est un graphique représentant la variation de l'intensité du courant de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'état antérieur de la technique, en fonction du temps, respectivement après 20 cycles de fonctionnement (courbe a), 50 cycles de fonctionnement (courbe b) et 100 cycles de fonctionnement (courbe c).FIG. 6 is a graph representing the variation in the intensity of the operating current of a vaporization device according to the prior art, as a function of time, respectively after 20 operating cycles (curve a), 50 cycles of operation (curve b) and 100 operating cycles (curve c).
La figure 7 est un graphique représentant la courbe de variation de l'intensité du courant de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'invention, en fonction du temps, respectivement après 20 cycles de fonctionnement (courbe a), 50 cycles de fonctionnement (courbe b), et 100 cycles de fonctionnement (courbe c) .FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation curve of the intensity of the operating current of a vaporization device according to the invention, as a function of time, respectively after 20 operating cycles (curve a), 50 operating cycles (curve b), and 100 operating cycles (curve c).
La figure 8 est une vue en perspective et en coupe transversale et verticale d'un exemple de réalisation d'un dispositif de vaporisation suivant 1'invention.Figure 8 is a perspective view in cross section and vertical of an example of production of a spray device according to the invention.
La demanderesse a établi par une série d'essais, décrits ci-après, que le traitement du corps par un produit de traitement ayant pour effet d'augmenter la conductivité du milieu conducteur, constitué par le matériau poreux et par le liquide à vaporiser, préalablement à sa première mise en service, permet d'améliorer les différents paramètres de fonctionnement des dispositifs de vaporisation de l'état antérieur de la technique.The Applicant has established by a series of tests, described below, that the treatment of the body with a treatment product having the effect of increasing the conductivity of the conductive medium, consisting of the porous material and the liquid to be vaporized, prior to its first commissioning, improves the various operating parameters of the vaporization devices of the prior art.
Les courbes des figures 1 et 3 ont été établies sur des dispositifs de vaporisation du type à fonctionnement continu, tels que celui représenté, de façon schématique, sur la figure 2. Le dispositif de vaporisation 1 est essentiellement constitué d'une enceinte 2 à l'intérieur de laquelle est disposé un matériau poreux 3, dont la partie inférieure se prolonge vers le bas par une protubérance 4 en contact avec le liquide à vaporiser contenu dans un réservoir 5, de façon à assurer, par capillarité, une alimentation permanente en liquide du matériau poreux 3. Deux électrodes 6 et 7, en contact avec le matériau poreux 3, assurent le passage d'un courant électrique dans celui-ci, lorsqu'elles sont reliées aux bornes A et B du réseau électrique. Le dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'invention est d'un type identique a celui décrit précédemment, à la différence que le matériau poreux 3 dans lequel on stocke le liquide à vaporiser a, préalablement à sa première mise en service, été imprégné d'une solution contenant 40g/l de chlorure de sodium.The curves in FIGS. 1 and 3 have been drawn up on vaporization devices of the continuous operating type, such as that shown schematically in FIG. 2. The vaporization device 1 essentially consists of an enclosure 2 to 1 inside of which a porous material 3 is arranged, the lower part of which extends downwards by a protuberance 4 in contact with the liquid to be vaporized contained in a reservoir 5, so as to ensure, by capillarity, a permanent supply of liquid porous material 3. Two electrodes 6 and 7, in contact with the porous material 3, ensure the passage of an electric current therein, when they are connected to the terminals A and B of the electrical network. The vaporization device according to the invention is of a type identical to that described above, with the difference that the porous material 3 in which the liquid to be vaporized is stored, prior to its first commissioning, was impregnated with a solution containing 40g / l of sodium chloride.
On a ainsi représenté, sur le graphique de la figure 1, la variation de l'intensité du courant électrique traversant le matériau poreux 3, dans lequel est stocké le liquide à vaporiser, d'un dispositif de vaporisation respectivement suivant l'état antérieur de la technique (courbe a) et suivant l'invention (courbe b) . On constate, sur ce graphique, qu'un dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'état antérieur de la technique, ayant fonctionné pendant 24 heures, voit son intensité initiale, de 10 ampères, augmenter jusqu'à environ 45 ampères, ce qui représente une augmentation de 450%. A l'inverse, dans les mêmes conditions de onctionnement, le dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'invention a pu fonctionner pendant 100 heures, sans montrer d'augmentation notable d'intensité, puisque son intensité initiale de 10 ampères a été portée, en fin d'essais, à une valeur de 11 ampères ce qui représente une augmentation d'intensité de 10%. Dans de nombreux cas pratiques, les dispositifs de vaporisation sont utilisés pour assurer la vaporisation d'eau en provenance de différentes sources délivrées par les différents réseaux locaux. Or les conductivités de ces eaux, bien que limitées, comme mentionné précédemment, par les normes françaises actuellement en vigueur à 0,2ohm_1.m-1, sont cependant susceptibles de varier dans des proportions importantes suivant leur provenance. La demanderesse, comme représenté sur la figure 3, a ainsi établi une courbe représentant l'intensité initiale nominale du courant électrique d'un dispositif de vaporisation en fonction de la conductivité de l'eau d'alimentation, respectivement pour un dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'état antérieur de la technique (courbe a) et suivant l'invention (courbe b).There has thus been shown, in the graph of FIG. 1, the variation in the intensity of the electric current passing through the porous material 3, in which the liquid to be vaporized is stored, of a vaporization device respectively according to the previous state of the technique (curve a) and according to the invention (curve b). It can be seen in this graph that a vaporization device according to the prior art, having operated for 24 hours, sees its initial intensity, from 10 amperes, increase to about 45 amperes, which represents an increase 450%. Conversely, under the same operating conditions, the vaporization device according to the invention was able to operate for 100 hours, without showing any significant increase in intensity, since its initial intensity of 10 amperes was brought up, at the end of tests, at a value of 11 amps which represents an increase in intensity of 10%. In many practical cases, vaporization devices are used to vaporize water from different sources supplied by different local networks. However, the conductivities of these waters, although limited, as mentioned above, by the French standards currently in force at 0.2 ohm _1 .m -1 , are however likely to vary in significant proportions according to their origin. The Applicant, as shown in FIG. 3, has thus established a curve representing the initial nominal intensity of the electric current of a vaporization device as a function of the conductivity of the supply water, respectively for a vaporization device according to the prior art (curve a) and according to the invention (curve b).
On constate, sur ces courbes, que l'intensité initiale du courant électrique du dispositif de vaporisation de l'état antérieur de la technique (courbe a) varie de façon quasi-linéaire, en fonction de la conductivité de l'eau d'alimentation ce qui, dans la gamme de conductivité légale précédemment mentionnée, représente une intensité susceptible de varier de 0 à 20 ampères. Dans la mesure où le liquide à vaporiser n'est plus de l'eau en provenance d'un réseau de distribution nationale, mais un autre liquide, celui-ci n'est pas soumis à une telle limitation et, dans ces conditions, on constate qu'un générateur de vapeur alimenté par un liquide à vaporiser dont la conductivité est susceptible de varier entre 0 et 0,6ohm- .m"1 verra, dès lors, son intensité initiale nominale varier entre 0 et 60 ampères.It can be seen, on these curves, that the initial intensity of the electric current of the vaporization device of the prior art (curve a) varies almost linearly, as a function of the conductivity of the supply water. which, in the range of legal conductivity previously mentioned, represents an intensity likely to vary from 0 to 20 amps. Insofar as the liquid to be vaporized is no longer water from a national distribution network, but another liquid, it is not subject to such limitation and, under these conditions, it is found that a steam generator supplied with a liquid to be vaporized whose conductivity is likely to vary between 0 and 0.6 ohm- .m "1 will therefore see its nominal initial intensity vary between 0 and 60 amps.
Ainsi que représenté par la courbe b de la figure 3, l'intensité traversant le corps poreux du dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'invention reste constante en fonction de la conductivité de l'eau à vaporiser.As shown by curve b in FIG. 3, the intensity passing through the porous body of the vaporization device according to the invention remains constant as a function of the conductivity of the water to be vaporized.
La présente invention permet donc d'alimenter un dispositif de vaporisation avec de l'eau en provenance d'un réseau de distribution d'eau quelconque, sans que cette provenance soit de nature à provoquer des variations appréciables de l'intensité initiale du dispositif de vaporisation et donc de la quantité de vapeur fournie par celui-ci.The present invention therefore makes it possible to supply a vaporization device with water coming from any water distribution network, without this provenance being of a nature to cause appreciable variations in the initial intensity of the vaporization and therefore the amount of vapor supplied by it.
La présente invention permet par ailleurs, en augmentant la conductivité du liquide à vaporiser, d'assurer la vaporisation de liquides non conducteurs du courant électrique, tels que l'eau distillée, l'eau permutée ou déminéralisée ainsi que tout liquide miscible avec l'eau, tel que l'alcool par exemple, dans le cas où la solution initiale chargeant le corps poreux au départ est de l'eau additionnée d'un ou plusieurs sels ou d'un électrol te. D'autre part on sait que dans les dispositifs de l'art antérieur, la conductivité du milieu, et donc l'intensité du courant, augmente en cours de fonctionnement de l'appareil et, dans les appareils à fonctionnement en continu dans lesquels on humidifie de façon régulière le matériau poreux, on ajuste l'intensité par un arrosage moins abondant du matériau poreux. Il en résulte, au bout d'un certain temps de fonctionnement, un assèchement de celui-ci, conduisant à une production . d'étincelles pouvant entraîner l'inflammation du matériau poreux et/ou de l'enceinte dans laquelle il est disposé. Le phénomène est, de plus, accru par le fait que l'assèchement du matériau poreux se produit habituellement de façon non uniforme. La présente invention permet d'éliminer totalement cet inconvénient, d'une part en stabilisant la conductivité du milieu et donc l'intensité du courant au cours du fonctionnement ce qui évite d'avoir à réaliser un assèchement progressif et, d'autre part, en permettant un éloignement plus important des électrodes.The present invention also makes it possible, by increasing the conductivity of the liquid to be vaporized, to ensure the vaporization of liquids which are not conductive of the electric current, such as distilled water, permuted or demineralized water as well as any liquid miscible with the water, such as alcohol for example, in the case where the initial solution charging the porous body at the start is water with one or more salts or an electrolyte. On the other hand, it is known that in the devices of the prior art, the conductivity of the medium, and therefore the intensity of the current, increases during operation of the device and, in continuously operating devices in which one regularly moistens the porous material, the intensity is adjusted by less abundant watering of the porous material. This results in drying out of the latter after a certain operating time, leading to production. sparks which can cause the porous material and / or the enclosure in which it is placed to ignite. The phenomenon is further increased by the fact that the drying of the porous material usually occurs in a non-uniform manner. The present invention makes it possible to completely eliminate this drawback, on the one hand by stabilizing the conductivity of the medium and therefore the intensity of the current during operation, which avoids having to carry out a progressive drying and, on the other hand, allowing a greater distance of the electrodes.
La présente invention permet ainsi, au concepteur de ce type de générateur de vapeur de disposer d'un choix entre un générateur de vapeur fournissant, à risque d'inflammation égal, une plus grande puissance de vaporisation, et entre un générateur de vapeur présentant, à puissance fournie égale, une plus grande sécurité contre les risques d'inflamma ion.The present invention thus allows the designer of this type of steam generator to have a choice between a steam generator providing, at equal risk of ignition, greater vaporization power, and between a steam generator having, at power supplied equal, greater security against the risk of ignition.
La demanderesse a également établi que la présente invention permettait d'éliminer les problèmes rencontrés dans les dispositifs de vaporisation de l'état antérieur de la technique, lorsqu'après un temps de fonctionnement déterminé, on arrêtait le générateur pendant une période relativement importante pour le remettre ensuite en fonctionnement, et qui se traduisaient alors par une intensité de redémarrage supérieure à l'intensité du dispositif de vaporisation au moment de sa mise hors fonction. Pour ce faire la demanderesse a arrêté, pendant des temps s'étalant jusqu'à 300 heures, un dispositif de vaporisation respectivement suivant l'état antérieur de la technique (courbe a) et suivant l'invention (courbe b), ayant déjà fonctionné préalablement pendant 400 heures, et a mesuré l'intensité de redémarrage de celui-ci. On a représenté sur les courbes de la figure 4 le rapport Ir/Ia de l'intensité de redémarrage Ir d'un dispositif de vaporisation sur son intensité la au moment de l'arrêt, en fonction de la durée de ce dernier. La courbe a. montre que, dans certaines conditions de fonctionnement, et notamment après un arrêt de fonctionnement de 300 heures, l'intensité de redémarrage Ir d'un dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'état antérieur de la technique est environ 16 fois l'intensité la qu'il possédait au moment de l'arrêt. Dans les mêmes conditions de fonctionnement, le dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'invention (courbe b), l'intensité de redémarrage Ir n'est plus que 1,26 fois celle de l'intensité la au moment deThe Applicant has also established that the present invention makes it possible to eliminate the problems encountered in the vaporization devices of the prior art, when, after a determined operating time, the generator is stopped for a relatively long period for the then put back into operation, which then resulted in a restart intensity greater than the intensity of the vaporization device at the time of its deactivation. To do this, the applicant has stopped, for times extending up to 300 hours, a vaporization device respectively according to the prior art (curve a) and according to the invention (curve b), having already operated. previously for 400 hours, and measured the restart intensity thereof. The curves Ir in Ia have shown the ratio Ir / Ia of the restarting intensity Ir of a vaporization device over its intensity la at the time of stopping, as a function of the duration of the latter. The curve a. shows that, under certain operating conditions, and in particular after an operating stop of 300 hours, the restarting intensity Ir of a vaporization device according to the prior art is approximately 16 times the intensity it possessed at the time of the shutdown. Under the same operating conditions, the vaporization device according to the invention (curve b), the restarting intensity Ir is only 1.26 times that of the intensity la at the time of
'arrêt.'stop.
Le procédé et le dispositif suivant l'invention sont ainsi de nature à assurer une régularisation des intensités de redémarrage Ir particulièrement importante, d'un dispositif de vaporisation à fonctionnement discontinu.The method and the device according to the invention are thus such as to ensure regularization of the restarting intensities Ir which is particularly significant, of a vaporization device with discontinuous operation.
On retrouve d'ailleurs le même phénomène pour les appareils fonctionnant normalement en continu et que l'on est contraint, par exemple pour des raisons d'ordres technique, d'arrêter périodiquement.We also find the same phenomenon for devices that operate normally continuously and that we are forced, for example for technical reasons, to stop periodically.
Par ailleurs, la demanderesse a établi que, pour des conditions imposées au départ, telles que la distance maximale entre électrodes, la tension d'alimentation de celles-ci, les cotes extérieures de l'enceinte devant recevoir les moyens de vaporisation, il était possible de déterminer une concentration optimale d'une solution d'imprégnation du matériau poreux pour laquelle l'intensité reste la plus stable possible au cours du fonctionnement du dispositif de vaporisation.Furthermore, the Applicant has established that, for conditions imposed at the start, such as the maximum distance between electrodes, the supply voltage of the latter, the external dimensions of the enclosure having to receive the vaporization means, it was possible to determine an optimal concentration of a solution for impregnating the porous material for which the intensity remains as stable as possible during the operation of the vaporization device.
La demanderesse a ainsi établi, pour un dispositif de vaporisation dont la distance entre électrodes est de l'ordre de 30 cm, alimenté sous une tension de 110 volts, les courbes a,b,c de la figure 5 représentant la variation de l'intensité I du courant traversant le corps poreux, en fonction de la concentration en chlorure de sodium d'une solution présalante à l'aide de laquelle on a imprégné, suivant l'invention, le corps poreux dans lequel est stocké le liquide à vaporiser, (constitué ici par de l'eau) respectivement pour des temps de fonctionnement de 0, 200, et 600 heures. Sur ces courbes, si l'on trace des segments verticaux A1B1, A2B2, A3B3, etc..., joignant la courbe a représentant la variation de l'intensité au temps initial, à la courbe ç représentant la variation de l'intensité après un temps de fonctionnement de 600 heures, la longueur de ces différents segments est représentative de la variation d'intensité du générateur de vapeur au cours des 600 heures de fonctionnement. On constate ainsi que les trois courbes a,b,c convergent sensiblement pour une concentration en chlorure de sodium de 40g/l, la longueur du segment vertical AB, pour cette concentration, est nulle si bien que l'intensité du courant restera stable au cours du fonctionnement du dispositif de vaporisation.The Applicant has thus established, for a vaporization device whose distance between electrodes is of the order of 30 cm, supplied with a voltage of 110 volts, the curves a, b, c of FIG. 5 representing the variation of the intensity I of the current passing through the porous body, as a function of the concentration in sodium chloride of a presalant solution with the aid of which, according to the invention, the porous body in which the liquid to be vaporized (stored here is water) is impregnated respectively for operating times 0, 200, and 600 hours. On these curves, if we draw vertical segments A1B1, A2B2, A3B3, etc ..., joining the curve a representing the variation of the intensity at the initial time, to the curve ç representing the variation of the intensity after an operating time of 600 hours, the length of these different segments is representative of the variation in intensity of the steam generator during the 600 operating hours. It can thus be seen that the three curves a, b, c converge substantially for a sodium chloride concentration of 40 g / l, the length of the vertical segment AB, for this concentration, is zero so that the intensity of the current will remain stable at during operation of the spray device.
La figure 5 montre également que tout présalage, même faible, diminue la variation relative de l'intensité au cours du fonctionnement du dispositif de vaporisation, si la concentration de l'eau d'alimentation est inférieure à la valeur optimale trouvée pour une configuration donnée. Dans le cas présent, pour obtenir l'intensité de fonctionnement la plus stable possible, la concentration de l'eau d'imprégnation doit être proche de 40g/l.FIG. 5 also shows that any presaling, even a weak one, reduces the relative variation of the intensity during the operation of the vaporization device, if the concentration of water power supply is less than the optimal value found for a given configuration. In this case, to obtain the most stable operating intensity possible, the concentration of impregnation water must be close to 40g / l.
La présente invention permet donc, pour une configuration donnée d'un dispositif de vaporisation, de déterminer la concentration du liquide d'imprégnation du corps poreux permettant au dispositif de vaporisation de fonctionner sous intensité quasiment constante.The present invention therefore makes it possible, for a given configuration of a vaporization device, to determine the concentration of the impregnation liquid of the porous body allowing the vaporization device to operate under almost constant intensity.
De plus il a été mentionné précédemment que le fait d'interrompre le fonctionnement d'un dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'état antérieur de la technique conduisait, lors de la remise en service de celui-ci, à une intensité de redémarrage supérieure à celle que possédait le dispositif de vaporisation au moment de l'arrêt. La demanderesse a également établi que les profils de variation d'intensité en fonction du temps de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de vaporisation fo ionnant en discontinu, ainsi que représenté sur la figure 6, passaient par un pic, d'autant plus accusé que l'on avait réalisé un nombre de cycles de fonctionnement important. La figure 6 représente ainsi le profil de variation des intensités de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de vaporisation de l'état antérieur de la technique, en fonction du temps, après respectivement 25 cycles (courbe a), 50 cycles (courbe b), et 100 cycles de fonctionnement (courbe c). Les courbes représentées établissent de façon claire que les irrégularités de fonctionnement du dispositif de vaporisation augmentent avec le nombre de cycles réalisés avec celui-ci.In addition, it was previously mentioned that the fact of interrupting the operation of a vaporization device according to the prior state of the art led, when it was put back into service, to a restarting intensity greater than that that the spray device had at the time of the shutdown. The Applicant has also established that the intensity variation profiles as a function of the operating time of a vaporizing device operating discontinuously, as shown in FIG. 6, went through a peak, all the more marked as the 'we had carried out a large number of operating cycles. FIG. 6 thus represents the variation profile of the operating intensities of a vaporization device of the prior art, as a function of time, after respectively 25 cycles (curve a), 50 cycles (curve b), and 100 operating cycles (curve c). The curves shown clearly establish that the irregularities in the operation of the spray device increase with the number of cycles carried out with it.
On a représenté, sur la figure 7, le même profil de variation, à partir des intensités de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'invention, ayant des cycles de fonctionnement identiques, de sorte que les courbes a,b,c correspondent aux courbes de même indice précédentes. On constate que ces trois courbes a,b,c sont, d'une part, très proches les unes des autres, ce qui démontre que le nombre de cycles du dispositif de vaporisation suivant l'invention n'a que peu d'influence sur son intensité de fonctionnement et, d'autre part, possèdent des pics très amortis ce qui montre que la variation de l'intensité de fonctionnement en fonction du temps est beaucoup plus progressive que dans les dispositifs de vaporisation de la technique antérieure.FIG. 7 shows the same variation profile, from the operating intensities of a vaporization device according to the invention, having identical operating cycles, so that the curves a, b, c correspond previous curves with the same index. It can be seen that these three curves a, b, c are, on the one hand, very close to each other, which demonstrates that the number of cycles of the vaporization device according to the invention has little influence on its operating intensity and, on the other hand, have very damped peaks which shows that the variation of the operating intensity as a function of time is much more gradual than in the vaporization devices of the prior art.
Sur la figure 8 on a représenté un dispositif de vaporisation mettant en oeuvre le procédé et le dispositif suivant l'invention. Ce dispositif de vaporisation est constitué d'une enceinte 20, de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, constituée par exemple de plaques dé polypropylène soudées, dont la partie inférieure comporte un réservoir transversal 22 destiné à contenir une réserve de liquide à vaporiser, par exemple de l'eau, et qui est relié, dans ce but, à une canalisation d'alimentation en eau 24. Un matériau poreux 26, de forme parallélépipédique, constitué par exemple de laine de roche hydrophile, est disposé à l'intérieur de l'enceinte 20. Ce matériau poreux 26 comporte un pied 28, en contact avec le liquide à vaporiser contenu dans le réservoir 22, qui assure, par capillarité, l'alimentation en liquide à vaporiser du matériau poreux 26. Deux parois internes opposées de l'enceinte 20 comportent deux électrodes 30,32, par exemple en graphite ou en cuivre, qui sont reliées par des fils conducteurs 34,36 aux bornes d'alimentation du réseau électrique. Les dimensions du corps poreux 26 sont telles qu'il est appliqué fortement contre les électrodes 30, 32, de façon à réaliser un bon contact électrique avec celles-ci. La partie supérieure de l'enceinte 20 comporte un tube 38 de sortie de vapeur. Comme mentionné précédemment, la présente invention permet, en augmentant la conductivité du matériau poreux 26, d'écarter davantage les électrodes 30,32, par rapport à l'écartement utilisé sur les dispositifs de vaporisation de la technique antérieure, ce qui permet, en cours d'utilisation, de réduire, à intensité de fonctionnement égale de celui-ci, les risques de production d'étincelles. Le matériau poreux 26 a été imprégné, préalablement à sa mise en place dans l'enceinte 20, d'une solution de chlorure de sodium à 40g/l.In Figure 8 there is shown a vaporization device implementing the method and the device according to the invention. This vaporization device consists of an enclosure 20, of substantially parallelepiped shape, consisting for example of welded polypropylene plates, the part of which lower comprises a transverse reservoir 22 intended to contain a reserve of liquid to be vaporized, for example water, and which is connected, for this purpose, to a water supply pipe 24. A porous material 26, of parallelepiped shape , consisting for example of hydrophilic rock wool, is disposed inside the enclosure 20. This porous material 26 comprises a foot 28, in contact with the liquid to be vaporized contained in the reservoir 22, which ensures, by capillarity, the supply of liquid to be vaporized with the porous material 26. Two opposite internal walls of the enclosure 20 comprise two electrodes 30, 32, for example made of graphite or copper, which are connected by conductive wires 34, 36 to the terminals of power supply. The dimensions of the porous body 26 are such that it is applied strongly against the electrodes 30, 32, so as to make good electrical contact with them. The upper part of the enclosure 20 includes a vapor outlet tube 38. As mentioned previously, the present invention makes it possible, by increasing the conductivity of the porous material 26, to further spread the electrodes 30, 32, with respect to the spacing used on the vaporization devices of the prior art, which allows, in during use, to reduce the risk of producing sparks at the same operating intensity. The porous material 26 was impregnated, before being placed in the enclosure 20, with a sodium chloride solution at 40 g / l.
Comme mentionné précédemment, et comme représenté sur la figure 1, la stabilité en courant de fonctionnement d'un tel dispositif de vaporisation estAs mentioned previously, and as shown in FIG. 1, the operating current stability of such a vaporization device is
• telle que, contrairement aux dispositifs de vaporisation de la technique antérieure, des moyens de régulation automatique de l'intensité ne sont pas indispensables à son fonctionnement correct. • such that, unlike the vaporization devices of the prior art, automatic intensity regulation means are not essential for its correct operation.
Des dispositifs de vaporisation de ce type peuvent fonctionner soit de façon continue, et ils sont alors utilisables dans différents domaines, tels que, par exemple, celui des humidificateurs, des chaudières de production de vapeur, soit au contraire de façon discontinue et ils sont alors utilisables, par exemple, comme générateurs de vapeur pour alimenter en vapeur des décolleurs de papier peint, des fers à repasser, etc. De tels dispositifs de vaporisation sont particulièrement intéressants en raison de leur simplicité liée, notamment, au nombre réduit de pièces les constituant et également au fait que des systèmes de régulation d'intensité sophistiqués ne sont pas nécessaires. De plus, la présente invention permet de ne plus avoir à prendre en compte de nombreux paramètres qui, jusqu'à présent, conditionnaient le bon fonctionnement des dispositifs de vaporisation. Bien entendu, et bien que la distribution du produit de traitement dans les pores du matériau poreux soit meilleure lorsque celui-ci est véhiculé par un liquide, soit à l'état dissous soit en suspension, il est possible néanmoins de réaliser cette distribution de façon directe, par exemple par saupoudrage du matériau poreux. Vaporization devices of this type can operate either continuously, and they can then be used in various fields, such as, for example, that of humidifiers, steam generating boilers, or on the contrary are discontinuous and they are then usable, for example, as steam generators for supplying steam to wallpaper strippers, irons, etc. Such vaporization devices are particularly advantageous because of their simplicity linked, in particular, to the reduced number of parts constituting them and also to the fact that sophisticated intensity regulation systems are not necessary. In addition, the present invention makes it possible to no longer have to take into account many parameters which, until now, have conditioned the proper functioning of the vaporization devices. Of course, and although the distribution of the treatment product in the pores of the porous material is better when the latter is conveyed by a liquid, either in the dissolved state or in suspension, it is nevertheless possible to achieve this distribution so direct, for example by dusting the porous material.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1.- Procédé de vaporisation d'un liquide stocké dans un matériau poreux disposé entre deux électrodes conductrices alimentées en courant électrique dans lequel ledit liquide et ledit matériau poreux forment un milieu conducteur du courant électrique, caractérisé en ce que, au moins antérieurement à la première mise en service du matériau poreux, on dispose, de façon sensiblement uniforme, dans les pores dudit matériau poreux, un produit de traitement tel que ledit milieu conducteur du courant électrique possède une conductivité supérieure à celle qu'il aurait sans traitement.CLAIMS 1.- Method of vaporizing a liquid stored in a porous material disposed between two conductive electrodes supplied with electric current in which said liquid and said porous material form a medium conducting electric current, characterized in that, at least prior to the first commissioning of the porous material, there is disposed, in a substantially uniform manner, in the pores of said porous material, a treatment product such that said medium conducting the electric current has a conductivity greater than that which it would have without treatment.
2.- Procédé suivant la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le produit de traitement est contenu, en solution ou en suspension dans un "support liquide".2.- Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the treatment product is contained, in solution or in suspension in a "liquid carrier".
3.- Procédé suivant la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que l'on élimine le "support liquide" après que l'on ait réalisé l'imprégnation du matériau poreux.3.- Method according to claim 2 characterized in that the "liquid support" is eliminated after the impregnation of the porous material has been carried out.
4.- Procédé suivant la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que le "support liquide" est de même nature que celle du liquide à vaporiser. 4.- Method according to claim 2 characterized in that the "liquid support" is of the same nature as that of the liquid to be vaporized.
5.- Procédé suivant la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que le produit de traitement est en solution dans le support liquide, la concentration de la solution étant telle que la conductivité du susdit milieu soit supérieure à 0,2ohm~1.m~1.5.- Method according to claim 2 characterized in that the treatment product is in solution in the liquid support, the concentration of the solution being such that the conductivity of the above medium is greater than 0.2 ohm ~ 1 .m ~ 1 .
6.- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le produit de traitement est du chlorure de sodium.6.- Method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the treatment product is sodium chloride.
7.- Procédé suivant la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce que le chlorure de sodium est en solution aqueuse à la concentration de 40ς/l.7.- Method according to claim 6 characterized in that the sodium chloride is in aqueous solution at a concentration of 40ς / l.
8.- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 2 à 7 caractérisé en ce que l'on détermine la concentration de ladite solution conductrice en prenant pour celle-ci l'intersection d'au moins deux courbes représentant la variation de l'intensité traversant le matériau poreux en fonction de la concentration de ladite solution, pour au moins deux temps de fonctionnement différents.8.- Method according to one of claims 2 to 7 characterized in that one determines the concentration of said conductive solution by taking for it the intersection of at least two curves representing the variation of the intensity crossing the porous material as a function of the concentration of said solution, for at least two different operating times.
9.- Dispositif de vaporisation d'un liquide stocké dans un matériau poreux (26) disposé entre deux électrodes conductrices (32, 34) reliées à une source de courant électrique, dans lequel ledit liquide et ledit matériau poreux forment un milieu conducteur du courant électrique, caractérisé en ce que le matériau poreux (26) dans lequel est stocké ledit liquide renferme un produit de traitement apte à augmenter la conductivité dudit milieu conducteur du courant électrique. 9.- Device for vaporizing a liquid stored in a porous material (26) disposed between two conductive electrodes (32, 34) connected to a source of electric current, in which said liquid and said porous material form a current-conducting medium electric, characterized in that the porous material (26) in which said liquid is stored contains a treatment product capable of increasing the conductivity of said medium conducting electric current.
10.- Dispositif suivant la revendication 9 caractérisé en ce que le produit de traitement est un- produit soluble dans ledit liquide.10.- Device according to claim 9 characterized in that the treatment product is a product soluble in said liquid.
11.- Dispositif suivant la revendication 10 caractérisé en ce que le "support liquide" est de même nature que celle du liquide à vaporiser.11.- Device according to claim 10 characterized in that the "liquid support" is of the same nature as that of the liquid to be vaporized.
12.- Dispositif suivant la revendication 10 caractérisé en ce que le produit de traitement est en solution dans le support liquide, la concentration de la solution étant telle que la conductivité du susdit milieu soit supérieure à 0,2ohm~ .m .12.- Device according to claim 10 characterized in that the treatment product is in solution in the liquid support, the concentration of the solution being such that the conductivity of the above medium is greater than 0.2ohm ~ .m.
13.- Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 9 à 11 caractérisé en ce que le produit de traitement est du chlorure de sodium. 13.- Device according to one of claims 9 to 11 characterized in that the treatment product is sodium chloride.
14.- Dispositif suivant la revendication 13 caractérisé en ce que le chlorure de sodium est en solution aqueuse à la concentration de 40g/l. 14.- Device according to claim 13 characterized in that the sodium chloride is in aqueous solution at a concentration of 40g / l.
PCT/FR1992/000838 1991-09-02 1992-09-02 Process and device for vaporizing a liquid contained in a porous body WO1993004752A1 (en)

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FR9110835A FR2680700B1 (en) 1991-09-02 1991-09-02 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VAPORIZING A LIQUID CONTAINED IN A POROUS BODY.
FR91/10835 1991-09-02

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AU2002339729A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2004-03-19 Guala Dispensing S.P.A. Device for emanating electro-conductive fluid substances
DE102006053157A1 (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-15 Wacker Chemie Ag Method for vaporizing constituents of a liquid
JP7311140B2 (en) * 2019-07-03 2023-07-19 株式会社フロンティアエンジニアリング Distillation method and distillation apparatus

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DE102016223023A1 (en) * 2016-11-22 2018-05-24 Delfi Tech Deutschland GmbH Liquid evaporator with a heating device and an open-porous metallic structure
DE102016223023B4 (en) 2016-11-22 2021-12-16 Delfi Tech Deutschland GmbH Liquid evaporator with a heating device and an open-pore metallic structure

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