WO1993003665A1 - Appareil portatif et procede de mesure de la pression intra-oculaire - Google Patents

Appareil portatif et procede de mesure de la pression intra-oculaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993003665A1
WO1993003665A1 PCT/US1992/007084 US9207084W WO9303665A1 WO 1993003665 A1 WO1993003665 A1 WO 1993003665A1 US 9207084 W US9207084 W US 9207084W WO 9303665 A1 WO9303665 A1 WO 9303665A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transducer
pressure
intraocular pressure
eye
scleral
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1992/007084
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald H. Kursar
Original Assignee
Jermik Systems, Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/750,528 external-priority patent/US5179953A/en
Priority claimed from US07/774,825 external-priority patent/US5174292A/en
Application filed by Jermik Systems, Ltd. filed Critical Jermik Systems, Ltd.
Publication of WO1993003665A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993003665A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/16—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring intraocular pressure, e.g. tonometers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for recording the intraocular pressure of a person or animal over a period of time. More particularly, the invention relates to a device which can be placed in the eye to continuously monitor and record intraocular pressure over an extended period of time such as 24 hours or more.
  • the present invention relates to a device for recording the intraocular pressure of a person or animal. More particularly, the invention relates to a hand held device which can be placed against the eye to record intraocular pressure of the patient without direct medical personnel supervision.
  • Glaucoma is recognized to be the leading cause of blindness in this country.
  • Typical treatment for glaucoma to reduce the excessive intraocular pressure involves the administration of drugs which operate on the intraocular pressure. These drugs do not have a long term straight line effect on intraocular pressure, however, an individual 's treatments may be more or less effective at any particular period of time in the treatment cycle. For most glaucoma cases, intraocular pressure varies throughout the day, usually reaching its peak about 3:00 am. This diurnal cycle presents difficulties to the attending physician, who sees the patient at only one relatively short period of time. For this reason, it is difficult for the practitioner to accurately assess the effect of glaucoma medications.
  • the Couvillon et al device contemplates the use of a ring platform, made preferably from hydrogel.
  • the ring must be sufficient to allow eye movement without serious contact with corneal tissue.
  • Wire conductors convey the current from the strain gauges, and change in resistance is measured as change in voltage.
  • the transmitter is fixed to the patient's glasses or person. Presumably, preven a ive methods are in place to prevent the patient from removing his or her glasses with the ring platform still in the eye and attached to the transmitter via the wire conductors.
  • the most economical method of measuring the intraocular pressure is for the patient to make the above-discussed measurements at home.
  • the cycle of intraocular pressure is diurnal and is subject to several variables.
  • the primary difficulty is that all prior art tonometers are designed to measure intraocular pressure through corneal indentation or corneal applanation. This requires considerable skill and training along with anesthesia to the cornea.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a device which can be used on the sclera of the eye to measure and record intraocular pressure and which has safety features to prevent too much pressure from being applied.
  • the present invention provides a device for continuously monitoring the intraocular pressure in an eye.
  • the device includes a scleral contact lens having a pressure transducer thereon for measuring intraocular pressure and sized to fit within the sclera of an eye for positioning said pressure transducer in fixed contact with said sclera during movement of said eye.
  • the transducer includes projection means for scleral indentation, as the projection operates in response to the actual intraocular pressure.
  • the pressure transducer includes at least one semiconductor strain gauge crystal adapted to generate an electrical resistance which is responsive to intraocular pressure.
  • battery powered memory means mounted in said lens in non-scleral contact for recording measurements of pressure by said transducer over a predetermined period of time.
  • Output means such as a central processing unit or computer is used for this evaluation.
  • the device itself has connecting means for providing access to said measurements upon removal of said lens from the eye. Data can be displayed in graphic form, on screen, or on paper, depending on the needs of the practitioner.
  • the device of this invention is self-contained and can be worn by a patient with minimal or no discomfort.
  • the battery powered memory means in the form of an integrated circuit chip, supplies a small current to the crystal, so that the resistance through said crystal is representative of the intraocular pressure.
  • the crystal is fixed to a flexible membrane forming mounting means on said contact lens.
  • the scleral contact lens is designed to locate the transducer in the superior temporal quadrant of the eye in the superior cul-de-sac. Other locations are also contemplated.
  • the present invention provides a device for an individual monitoring the intraocular pressure in an eye without anesthesia and with complete safety.
  • the device of this invention comprises a hand held portable tonometer device for monitoring the intraocular pressure in an eye through the sclera.
  • the device is supported on a tubular frame which forms the handle and which has an axis along which the device operates.
  • the handle supports and contains a pressure transducer for generating intraocular pressure measurements. It is mounted on the axis with a sliding transducer mounting sleeve.
  • the transducer includes a scleral projection for scleral indentation, which is positioned to transmit response to intraocular pressure to provide an input to the transducer.
  • the transducer sleeve includes an annular conductive ring mounted on the inside of the mounting sleeve.
  • the ring is aligned to complete a circuit upon meeting contact points on the shaft on which the sleeve slides.
  • a spring for positioning the transducer along the axis to permit movement along the shaft in response to pressure applied when the scleral projection is urged against the sclera.
  • the device has a safety feature utilizing the contact element which defines a position of the transducer along the axis to define a zone of measurement which has predetermined upper and lower limits of pressure.
  • the device provides a signal means for providing a first audio signal when the device is operational and a second audio signal when the transducer is in the predetermined zone.
  • the electrical contacts are positioned at a predetermined position on the shaft to engage with the conductive ring to complete an electrical circuit to generate a signal.
  • An output means is also mounted in the frame for displaying relevant measurements of pressure by the transducer, preferably only in the zone of measuremen .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device according to the present invention, shown in place on a human eye;
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the device shown in Fig. 1, removed from the eye;
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional plan view taken along line 3,3 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a greatly enlarged sectioned view taken along the line 4,4 of Fig. 2, showing details of the transducer portion of the device of this invention, with a small portion of the mounting flange shown in dot and dash outline;
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view taken along line 5,5 of Fig. 4, showing additional details of the transducer assembly;
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view, shown in perspective, of a device according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged, side elevational view taken along the line 7,7 in Fig. 6, showing a portion broken away and in section;
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken on the line 8,8 of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken on the line 9,9 of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 10 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary sectional plan view showing the device of the present invention in position for use with the left eye, shown in the active or signal sending mode; and
  • Figs. 11A, 11B and 11C are schematic sequential views showing the use of the invention.
  • the device of this invention is placed in a patient's eye in order to measure and record intraocular pressure over a period of time.
  • the device of the present invention includes a large scleral contact lens made of silicone or polymethylmethacrylate, for example.
  • the contact lens 11 is shown in Fig. 1 in place in a patient's eye, and is comfortable and easy to wear without significant discomfort for the patient.
  • the lens is soft, and ring shaped 13, and approximately 18 mm in diameter, with a 13.5 mm opening 15 in the center.
  • the lens 11 permits movement of the eye while maintaining the operable components in a fixed position. As will be apparent herein, movement of the lens 11 with respect to the eye could give the feeling of scratching or other discomfort due to the presence of a pressure transducer in contact with the sclera of the eye.
  • the lens 11 is shown in Fig. 2, and includes a ring 13 which has an outer circumferential end 15 which prevents contact of the lens 11 with the cornea and allows for complete vision without obstruction.
  • the open center 15 of the lens 11 allows normal visual activities and also permits normal adsorption of medications during the time the lens 11 is in use.
  • the system is non- invasive and can be comfortably worn by the patient. No restrictions are placed on the patent when the device of this invention is in use.
  • Forming part of the lens 11 is a pressure transducer 17 which is located for contact with the sclera. This transducer 17 monitors the intraocular pressure continuously or at regular intervals of time, depending upon the needs of the practitioner.
  • the pressure transducer 17 is mounted on a flange of the ring 13 with an 8 mm projection, preferably extending into the superior temporal quadrant of the eye. Both right and left hand models will be needed, along with two overall sizes to fit normal and large eyes.
  • the inferior margin of the contact lens 11 is truncated or flattened in order to position the transducer 17 in the inferior cul-de-sac. This alignment prevents rotation and keeps the transducer 17 in the desired location.
  • Transducer 17 is powered by electrical current from battery 19 which is also mounted on the lens 11.
  • the sclera is readily exposed to indention by the transducer at this location, as the tissues are relatively thin in this area and there are no extraocular muscles to interfere with indention. The area is also broad, allowing for some normal positional changes.
  • Battery 19 is operably connected to the transducer 17 in order to power the pressure measuring component of the device.
  • Memory chip 21 is also connected to battery 19 and to transducer 17 to receive and store data taken during operation of the device.
  • Chip 21 is of conventional design.
  • the device of this invention is shown in enlarged detail in Fig. 3, which has been magnified approximately 6 times the size of a normal eye.
  • the ring 13 rests comfortably on the sclera 23 of the eye and permits the transducer 17 to measure the intraocular pressure at 25.
  • the sclera 23 of the eye is indented by pressing the apex of a mushroom shaped projection 27 into the appropriate region 29 of sclera 23. Projection 27 moves in response to pressure and changes in pressure in the intraocular region 25 to provide the needed data.
  • Electrical power for the transducer 17 and for transmission of data is accomplished via small electrically conductive insulated wires 31. All electrical and electronic components are inbeded in a water proof shroud.
  • the projection 27 of about 3.5 mm in size is operably connected to a semiconductor strain gauge crystal 33, such as those used in automatic blood pressure devices.
  • a semiconductor strain gauge crystal 33 such as those used in automatic blood pressure devices.
  • a 1 x 2.5 mm crystal 33 with a nominal resistance of 1125 ohms was attached to a flexible membrane 35 by means of epoxy 39.
  • Thin leads 37 were attached to both ends of crystal 33.
  • the memory chip 21 records the resistance in the crystal 33.
  • the projection 27 reacts to this change in pressure to increase or decrease the bending moment on crystal 33, thus changing the resistance of the crystal 33.
  • the stored data can then be withdrawn from memory chip 21 and processed with computer technology to convert resistance values into pressure. Since the initial pressure can also be measured independently at the time when the lens 11 is inserted into the eye and when it is removed, such as by applanation tonometric measurements. Also, while the patient is still with the practitioner. additional applanation measurements can be made to verify stabilization of the intraocular pressure. The patient is now free to continue with normal activity for the period of time of testing. Typically, 24 hours is sufficient to obtain adequate data.
  • Intraocular pressure in an animal cadaver eye was varied over a range of pressure from about 10 mm Hg. up to about 55 mm Hg. by varying the height of a bottle containing fluid and connected to the eye.
  • the results of the tests demonstrated that linear and repeatable data was attainable using the device of this invention.
  • a printout of the data recording the intraocular pressure . in the eye can be correlated with the times when medication is administered, to evaluate the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment program. The printout would also provide a permanent assurance of the safety of any external pressure applied to the eye.
  • This device shown generally at 11' in the drawings, is the first such device which is capable of being applied to the sclera and which measures the intraocular pressure accurately and in a reproducible manner via scleral 16 indentation.
  • the hand held tonometer 11' includes a transducer 13' and probe 15' mounted in the tonometer frame.
  • Transducer 13 ' is mounted in a sliding transducer mounting sleeve 17 ' which fits inside the tonometer along its central axis.
  • Sleeve 17' includes an inwardly facing annular conductive (or metal) ring 21' which is aligned to make electrical contact with a plurality of at least two switch contact points 23'.
  • Spring 19' positions the sleeve 17' (and thus the transducer 13' and probe 15') along this same axis.
  • Transducer 13 ' is discussed above and is of the type disclosed in my co-pending application entitled PORTABLE, DIURNAL INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE RECORDING SYSTEM, filed August 27, 1991 and having Serial No. 07/750,528, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the outer housing 25 ' is formed with an outer barrel sleeve 27' which functions as a handle. Also contained inside the housing 25', is a truncated cylindrical shaft 29'. Sleeve 17' slides on shaft 29' freely and is held in position by spring 19 ' urging the probe 15' in the anterior direction. Sleeve 17' includes a flange 18' which engages limit stop 20' to keep the device assembled.
  • Figs. 8 and 9 show the use of a key 22' which is integral with housing 25 ' to prevent rotation of sleeve 17' and thus prevent breakage of leads to transducer 13'.
  • the housing portion 25' also includes a switch 31' which operates as an off/on switch.
  • the device 11' includes its own power supply, such as battery 33'. Battery 33' powers an ohm meter and computer chip unit 35' which functions as will be described.
  • a first signal is produced by speaker 37' when the device 11' is ready for operation and will produce a second signal, such as a plurality of repeated sounds or beeps under certain conditions of use.
  • This second signal is produced when the ring 21' completes a circuit by being in contact with contact points 23 ' indicating that the pressure which is forcing the probe against the transducer 13' is that needed to produce useful measurements of intraocular pressure.
  • the probe 15' also forces transducer 13' to compress spring 19' and urge the sleeve 17' along shaft 29' and so that contact between ring 21' and contact points 23' is made.
  • the housing 25' also encloses a LED readout device
  • LED readout device 39' displays the pressure being measured by the transducer
  • This provides a zone of measurement which has predetermined upper and lower limits of pressure on the spring 19 ' , so that no data is provided at other locations of the sleeve 17 ' on shaft 29 ' .
  • the prove 15' indents the sclera 41' as force is applied by the user by pushing the probe 15' against the eye at the appropriate place, away from the cornea. There is substantially no feeling of pressure and pain is not present at all. Probe 15' is rounded, causing a comfortable and non-abrasive contact with the conjunctiva and sclera. Applanation consists of a very small indentation, less than a millimeter in length, and does not cause any permanent change to the sclera.
  • Transducer 13' includes a simple ohm meter and some circuitry to recognize that ring 21' and contact points 23' have completed a circuit.
  • the probe 15' is about 3.5 mm in size and is operably connected to a semiconductor strain gauge crystal in transducer 13' , such as those used in automatic blood pressure devices.
  • a semiconductor strain gauge crystal in transducer 13' such as those used in automatic blood pressure devices.
  • a 1 x 2.5 mm crystal with a nominal resistance of 1125 ohms was attached to a flexible membrane by means of epoxy and thin leads were attached to both ends of the crystal.
  • the projection probe 15 ' reacts to this change in pressure to increase or decrease the bending moment on crystal, thus changing the resistance of the crystal.
  • the ohm meter registers this change and transmits the reading to the LED readout 39 ' .
  • An important part of the present invention is the use of sound or audio signals to assist in the operation of the device and maintain the safety feature, particularly when the patient is using the device alone.
  • a small sound device or speaker 37' which has two purposes in the best mode for carrying out the invention. Upon turning the device 11' on, a brief time is needed for the system to warm up. Once the transducer 13' has stabilized, a single tone will be sent by speaker 37 ' to alert the user that the system is ready to use. Then, as the transducer probe 15' is pressed against the sclera of the eye, a double tone will sound from speaker 37' at that point in the pressure induced movement of sleeve 17' on shaft 29' when ring 21' and contact points 23' are in contact with one another.
  • This double tone indicates to the user that a valid measurement has been made because the transducer 13' has been subjected to the correct pressure to place the device 11' in the zone of measurement.
  • Figs. 11A, 11B and 11C illustrate the operation of this important safety feature in schematic form.
  • probe 15' is pressing against the sclera and the pressure in the eye is resisting with a force equal to Fl' .
  • Fl' is less than the pressure P' for which the device 11' has been calibrated and for which the contact points 23' will meet ring 21'. No data is transmitted to the LED readout 39'.
  • a lesser pressure will not indent the sclera enough to give reproducible flexion to the ceramic crystal forming the transducer 13 ' .
  • probe 15' is also pressing against the sclera and the pressure in the eye is resisting with a force equal to F2 ' .
  • F2 ' is the same as the pressure P' for which the device 11' has been calibrated and for which the contact points 23' will meet ring 21'.
  • Data is transmitted to the LED readout 39' as previously described, as the double tone indicates a successful measurement in the appropriate measurement zone.
  • the device 11' of the present invention it is possible for the first time to measure the intraocular pressure without invasion of the cornea and without anesthetics. It is easy for a patient to be trained to take readings alone and without assistance, yet obtain consistent readings that are of significant value in evaluating treatments and in screening for eye problems such as Glaucoma screening.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif pour surveiller en continu la pression intra-oculaire comprend une lentille de contact (11) munie d'un transducteur de pression (17) renfermant au moins un cristal semi-conducteur (33) faisant office de jauge de contrainte et fixé à une membrane sur la lentille (11) adaptée à la sclérotique. Une partie saillante (27) pour l'échancrure sclérale est positionnée pour transmettre au cristal (33) la réaction à la pression intra-oculaire. Une mémoire est montée dans la lentille en contact non scléral pour enregistrer des mesures. Un tonomètre (11') pour contrôler la pression intra-oculaire à travers la sclérotique comporte un cadre formant une poignée qui renferme un transducteur de pression (13') pourvu d'un manchon (17') le fixant sur un axe le long duquel un ressort (19') le positionne en réaction à la pression appliquée par sollicitation de la sonde contre la sclérotique. Le dispositif (11') comprend un anneau conducteur (21') sur le manchon (17') et des contacts électriques sur l'axe pour fermer un circuit afin de produire un signal lorsqu'il se trouve à l'intérieur d'une zone de mesure qui présente des limites de pression supérieure et inférieure prédéterminées.
PCT/US1992/007084 1991-08-27 1992-08-26 Appareil portatif et procede de mesure de la pression intra-oculaire WO1993003665A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US750,528 1991-08-27
US07/750,528 US5179953A (en) 1991-08-27 1991-08-27 Portable diurnal intraocular pressure recording system
US774,825 1991-10-11
US07/774,825 US5174292A (en) 1991-10-11 1991-10-11 Hand held intraocular pressure recording system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993003665A1 true WO1993003665A1 (fr) 1993-03-04

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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2253025A1 (es) * 2003-05-15 2006-05-16 Antonio Creus Sole Dispositivo portatil de medicion de la presion intraocular (tonometro).
WO2010129446A1 (fr) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-11 Alcon Research, Ltd. Capteur de pression intraoculaire
US8257295B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2012-09-04 Alcon Research, Ltd. Intraocular pressure sensor with external pressure compensation
US8419673B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2013-04-16 Alcon Research, Ltd. Glaucoma drainage device with pump
US8603024B2 (en) 2011-12-12 2013-12-10 Alcon Research, Ltd. Glaucoma drainage devices including vario-stable valves and associated systems and methods
US8652085B2 (en) 2012-07-02 2014-02-18 Alcon Research, Ltd. Reduction of gas escape in membrane actuators
US8721580B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2014-05-13 Alcon Research, Ltd. Power saving glaucoma drainage device
US8753305B2 (en) 2011-12-06 2014-06-17 Alcon Research, Ltd. Bubble-driven IOP control system
US8840578B2 (en) 2011-12-09 2014-09-23 Alcon Research, Ltd. Multilayer membrane actuators
US8986240B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2015-03-24 Alcon Research, Ltd. Corrugated membrane actuators
US8998838B2 (en) 2012-03-29 2015-04-07 Alcon Research, Ltd. Adjustable valve for IOP control with reed valve
US9072588B2 (en) 2011-10-03 2015-07-07 Alcon Research, Ltd. Selectable varied control valve systems for IOP control systems
US9125721B2 (en) 2011-12-13 2015-09-08 Alcon Research, Ltd. Active drainage systems with dual-input pressure-driven valves
US9155653B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2015-10-13 Alcon Research, Ltd. Pressure-driven membrane valve for pressure control system
US9226851B2 (en) 2013-08-24 2016-01-05 Novartis Ag MEMS check valve chip and methods
US9283115B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2016-03-15 Novartis Ag Passive to active staged drainage device
US9289324B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2016-03-22 Novartis Ag Externally adjustable passive drainage device
US9295389B2 (en) 2012-12-17 2016-03-29 Novartis Ag Systems and methods for priming an intraocular pressure sensor in an intraocular implant
US9339187B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2016-05-17 Alcon Research, Ltd. External pressure measurement system and method for an intraocular implant
US9528633B2 (en) 2012-12-17 2016-12-27 Novartis Ag MEMS check valve
US9572712B2 (en) 2012-12-17 2017-02-21 Novartis Ag Osmotically actuated fluidic valve
US9603742B2 (en) 2014-03-13 2017-03-28 Novartis Ag Remote magnetic driven flow system
US9622910B2 (en) 2011-12-12 2017-04-18 Alcon Research, Ltd. Active drainage systems with dual-input pressure-driven values
US9655777B2 (en) 2015-04-07 2017-05-23 Novartis Ag System and method for diagphragm pumping using heating element
US9681983B2 (en) 2014-03-13 2017-06-20 Novartis Ag Debris clearance system for an ocular implant

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3564907A (en) * 1967-11-17 1971-02-23 Univ Johns Hopkins Applanation tonometer
US4922913A (en) * 1987-11-12 1990-05-08 Waters Jr George E Intraocular pressure sensor
US4951671A (en) * 1988-08-23 1990-08-28 Coan William M Tonometry apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3564907A (en) * 1967-11-17 1971-02-23 Univ Johns Hopkins Applanation tonometer
US4922913A (en) * 1987-11-12 1990-05-08 Waters Jr George E Intraocular pressure sensor
US4951671A (en) * 1988-08-23 1990-08-28 Coan William M Tonometry apparatus

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2253025A1 (es) * 2003-05-15 2006-05-16 Antonio Creus Sole Dispositivo portatil de medicion de la presion intraocular (tonometro).
WO2010129446A1 (fr) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-11 Alcon Research, Ltd. Capteur de pression intraoculaire
US8808224B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2014-08-19 Alcon Research, Ltd. Glaucoma drainage device with pump
US8257295B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2012-09-04 Alcon Research, Ltd. Intraocular pressure sensor with external pressure compensation
US8419673B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2013-04-16 Alcon Research, Ltd. Glaucoma drainage device with pump
US9615970B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2017-04-11 Alcon Research, Ltd. Intraocular pressure sensor with external pressure compensation
US8721580B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2014-05-13 Alcon Research, Ltd. Power saving glaucoma drainage device
US9072588B2 (en) 2011-10-03 2015-07-07 Alcon Research, Ltd. Selectable varied control valve systems for IOP control systems
US8753305B2 (en) 2011-12-06 2014-06-17 Alcon Research, Ltd. Bubble-driven IOP control system
US8840578B2 (en) 2011-12-09 2014-09-23 Alcon Research, Ltd. Multilayer membrane actuators
US9622910B2 (en) 2011-12-12 2017-04-18 Alcon Research, Ltd. Active drainage systems with dual-input pressure-driven values
US8603024B2 (en) 2011-12-12 2013-12-10 Alcon Research, Ltd. Glaucoma drainage devices including vario-stable valves and associated systems and methods
US9125721B2 (en) 2011-12-13 2015-09-08 Alcon Research, Ltd. Active drainage systems with dual-input pressure-driven valves
US9339187B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2016-05-17 Alcon Research, Ltd. External pressure measurement system and method for an intraocular implant
US8986240B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2015-03-24 Alcon Research, Ltd. Corrugated membrane actuators
US9155653B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2015-10-13 Alcon Research, Ltd. Pressure-driven membrane valve for pressure control system
US8998838B2 (en) 2012-03-29 2015-04-07 Alcon Research, Ltd. Adjustable valve for IOP control with reed valve
US8652085B2 (en) 2012-07-02 2014-02-18 Alcon Research, Ltd. Reduction of gas escape in membrane actuators
US9528633B2 (en) 2012-12-17 2016-12-27 Novartis Ag MEMS check valve
US9295389B2 (en) 2012-12-17 2016-03-29 Novartis Ag Systems and methods for priming an intraocular pressure sensor in an intraocular implant
US9572712B2 (en) 2012-12-17 2017-02-21 Novartis Ag Osmotically actuated fluidic valve
US9226851B2 (en) 2013-08-24 2016-01-05 Novartis Ag MEMS check valve chip and methods
US9289324B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2016-03-22 Novartis Ag Externally adjustable passive drainage device
US9283115B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2016-03-15 Novartis Ag Passive to active staged drainage device
US9603742B2 (en) 2014-03-13 2017-03-28 Novartis Ag Remote magnetic driven flow system
US9681983B2 (en) 2014-03-13 2017-06-20 Novartis Ag Debris clearance system for an ocular implant
US9655777B2 (en) 2015-04-07 2017-05-23 Novartis Ag System and method for diagphragm pumping using heating element

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