US9283115B2 - Passive to active staged drainage device - Google Patents
Passive to active staged drainage device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US9283115B2 US9283115B2 US13/975,729 US201313975729A US9283115B2 US 9283115 B2 US9283115 B2 US 9283115B2 US 201313975729 A US201313975729 A US 201313975729A US 9283115 B2 US9283115 B2 US 9283115B2
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- drainage
- control
- flow
- actuator
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/00781—Apparatus for modifying intraocular pressure, e.g. for glaucoma treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/16—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring intraocular pressure, e.g. tonometers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0001—Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants
- A61F2250/0002—Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants for data transfer
Abstract
Description
The present disclosure relates generally to valves and associated systems and methods. In some instances, embodiments of the present disclosure are configured to be part of an intraocular pressure (IOP) control system for use in ophthalmic treatments.
Glaucoma, a group of eye diseases affecting the retina and optic nerve, is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Most forms of glaucoma result when the IOP increases to pressures above normal for prolonged periods of time. IOP can increase due to high resistance to the drainage of the aqueous humor relative to its production. Left untreated, an elevated IOP causes irreversible damage to the optic nerve and retinal fibers resulting in a progressive, permanent loss of vision.
One method of treating glaucoma includes implanting a drainage device in a patient's eye. The drainage device allows fluid to flow from the anterior chamber of the eye to a drainage site, relieving pressure in the eye and thus lowering IOP. These devices are generally passive devices that do not provide a smart, interactive control of the amount of flow through the drainage tube. Once the drainage device is implanted, the body may form a bleb, or fluid-filled space surrounded by scar tissue, at the drainage site into which aqueous humor flows via a drainage tube. Changes at the drainage site such as bleb formation may affect the pressure differentials acting on the drainage device, thereby affecting the passive flow through the device. In order to provide desired treatments to patients, it may be important to actively regulate the flow of aqueous humor through the drainage device into the drainage site.
The system and methods disclosed herein overcome one or more of the deficiencies of the prior art.
In one exemplary aspect, this disclosure is directed to an IOP control system for implantation in an eye of a patient comprising a drainage device and a control device. In one aspect, the drainage device is sized for implantation in the eye of a patient and includes a housing, a fluid flow passageway, and at least one valve disposed within the drainage device. In one aspect, the housing includes an inlet port and an outlet port, and the fluid flow passageway extends through the housing from the inlet port to the outlet port to allow the flow of fluid from the inlet port to the outlet port. In one aspect, the at least one valve includes a first side and an opposing second side, and is configured to affect flow through the fluid flow passageway from the inlet port to the outlet port by moving in response to pressure differentials acting on the opposing first and second sides. In one aspect, the control device comprises an actuator including an activated mode and a deactivated mode. In one aspect, the actuator in the activated mode is configured to selectively adjust flow through the drainage device in response to changes in intraocular pressure.
In another exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a method of regulating drainage from an anterior chamber of an eye. The method comprises directing fluid through an implantable primary drainage device including a housing defining a fluid flow passageway containing at least one valve, the at least one valve configured to respond to an implantable secondary control device to selectively adjust flow through the fluid flow passageway. In one aspect, the method further comprises modifying the amount of drainage through the implantable primary drainage device in response to pressure differentials acting on the at least one valve.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory in nature and are intended to provide an understanding of the present disclosure without limiting the scope of the present disclosure. In that regard, additional aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the following detailed description.
The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the devices and methods disclosed herein and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is intended. Any alterations and further modifications to the described devices, instruments, methods, and any further application of the principles of the present disclosure are fully contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure relates. In particular, it is fully contemplated that the features, components, and/or steps described with respect to one embodiment may be combined with the features, components, and/or steps described with respect to other embodiments of the present disclosure. For the sake of brevity, however, the numerous iterations of these combinations will not be described separately. For simplicity, in some instances the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
The present disclosure relates generally to a drainage system configured to regulate fluid flow by employing both a passive state and an active state to control the operation of a flow system inside a glaucoma drainage device. In some instances, embodiments of the present disclosure are configured to be used in the operation of drainage devices including a valve flow system. In some instances, embodiments of the present disclosure are configured to be part of an IOP control system comprising a drainage device configured to extend from the anterior chamber of the eye to a drainage site. Those of skill in the art will realize that the systems and devices disclosed herein may be utilized in alternative applications aided by having both a passive state and an active state to control the drainage of fluid through a flow system.
Drainage devices which rely on the pressure differential between the anterior chamber and the drainage site may cause a detrimental hypotonous state by releasing aqueous humor too fast from the anterior chamber after the initial implantation. It is not until a few weeks after implantation that a bleb forms at the drainage site to sufficiently regulate the fluid flow. In addition, progressive scarring of the bleb over time may cause the bleb pressure to increase, resulting in an increase in IOP. Flow systems that rely solely on the pressure differential between the anterior chamber and the drainage site to create flow through the device may eventually fail due to this effect, by increasing the IOP above an acceptable threshold which varies from patient to patient (e.g. 12 mmHg).
The systems and devices disclosed herein allow a user to switch the flow system between a passive, pressure-based mode to an active mode where the user can actively throttle (e.g., open and close) the flow system to regulate flow through the drainage device. In some embodiments, the flow system may switch between the passive mode and the active mode in response to changes in the IOP over time. In one embodiment, the systems and devices disclosed herein pertain to an IOP control system comprising a primary drainage device and an optional secondary control device. In some embodiments, the primary drainage device and the secondary control device are component parts of a single implant.
In the pictured embodiment, the primary drainage device 205 is sized to extend from the anterior chamber 70 of the eye to the drainage site 212 in the suprachoroidal space. The drainage device 205 bridges the anterior chamber 70 and the drainage site 210 to provide an auxiliary flow path for aqueous humor, bypassing the flow-resistive conventional pathway through the trabecular meshwork and shunting aqueous humor directly to the drainage site 212. In the example shown, the primary drainage device 205 is a single hollow tube having a single lumen. Other embodiments include a plurality of tubes or a plurality of lumens cooperating together to permit fluid to flow through the implantable system 200. Aqueous humor may drain through the primary drainage device 205 from the anterior chamber 70 to the drainage site 212 to alleviate elevated intraocular pressure conditions.
In the pictured embodiment, the implantable system 200 includes a secondary control device 215. As described below with reference to
When implanted, the secondary control device 215 may be located in the subconjunctival pocket between the conjunctiva and sclera. It may be generally located on an ocular quadrant commonly used for conventional glaucoma drainage devices with plates; that is, it may be located between neighboring ocular muscles that define the ocular quadrant chosen for implantation. In the pictured embodiment, the secondary control device 215 is configured to fit at least partially within the subconjunctival space and is sized for example within a range between about 15 mm×10 mm to about 30 mm×15 mm. In some embodiments, the secondary control device 215 has a thickness less than about 2 mm thick. For example, in one embodiment, the secondary control device 215 has a thickness of about 1 mm thick. The secondary control device 215 may be curved to approximate the radius of the eye globe. In some embodiments, the secondary control device 215 is rigid and preformed with a curvature suitable to substantially conform to the globe. In other embodiments, the secondary control device 215 is flexible to conform to the globe. The above dimensions and arrangement are exemplary only, and other sizes and arrangements are contemplated.
The power source 315 is typically a rechargeable battery, such as a lithium ion or lithium polymer battery, although other types of batteries may be employed. In other embodiments, any other type of power cell is appropriate for the power source 315. The power source 315 provides power to the secondary control device 215, and may provide power to the primary drainage device 205. In some examples, sufficient power is provided through on-board batteries and/or wireless powering. The power source 315 can be recharged via inductive coupling such as an RFID link or other type of electromagnetic coupling.
The processor 320 is typically an integrated circuit with power, input, and output pins capable of performing logic functions. For example, the processor 320 may perform logic functions based on inputs from the atmospheric pressure sensor 340 and the anterior chamber pressure sensor 345 to determine the current IOP of the eye and/or the operating status of the IOP control system 200 (note, the IOP is the difference between the anterior chamber pressure and the atmospheric pressure). In some embodiments, the processor 320 controls the supply of power from the power source 315 to the primary drainage device 205 and/or signal commands to the primary drainage device 205. In various embodiments, the processor 320 may be a targeted device controller or a microprocessor configured to control more than one component of the primary drainage device 205 or a combination thereof. The processor 320 may include one or more programmable processor units running programmable code instructions for implementing the pressure threshold modulation methods described herein, among other functions.
The processor 320 may be wirelessly coupled to a computer and/or other types of processor-based devices suitable for a variety of ocular applications. In various embodiments, the processor 320 can receive input data from a user, the atmospheric pressure sensor 340, the anterior chamber pressure sensor 345, the primary drainage device 205, and/or various accessory devices via wireless or wired mechanisms. The processor 320 may use such input data to generate control signals to control or direct the operation of the primary drainage device 205. In some embodiments, the user can program or direct the operation of the primary drainage device 205 through the secondary control device 215. In some embodiments, the processor 320 is in direct wireless communication with the primary drainage device 205, and can receive data from and send commands to the primary drainage device 205.
The memory 325, which is typically a semiconductor memory such as RAM, FRAM, or flash memory, interfaces with the processor 320. As such, the processor 320 can write to and read from the memory 325, and perform other common functions associated with managing semiconductor memory. For example, a series of pressure readings, IOP calculations, and/or command sequences can be stored in the memory 325.
The processor 320 and/or the memory 325 may also include software containing one or more algorithms defining one or more functions or relationships between command signals and input data (received from the primary drainage device 205, and/or accessory devices). The algorithm may dictate activation or deactivation command protocols/signals (e.g., to the actuator 335) depending on the received input data or mathematical derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the algorithm may dictate activation or deactivation control signals affecting particular valves on the primary drainage device 205 when the input data indicates an IOP below a predetermined threshold value, above a predetermined threshold value, and/or when the input data indicates a specific physiologic event, temporal state, or pathologic condition (e.g., hypotony, bleb scarring, or an initial post-operative state). The processor 320 may be configured to selectively implement one or more control algorithms to enable IOP control. In some embodiments, the processor 320 may be re-programmed to selectively implement one or more particular control algorithms.
In various embodiments, the secondary control device 215 may be operatively coupled to the primary drainage device 205 by way of wired or wireless communication mechanisms. In some embodiments, the external IOP control device 215 may affect the primary drainage device 205 by either (1) utilizing wireless communication between the primary drainage device 205 and the secondary control device 215, or (2) utilizing trans-scleral connections between the secondary control device 215 and the primary drainage device 205. Contemplated wireless communication methods include, by way of non-limiting example, cooperating transmitters and receivers positioned on various components of the IOP control system 200 to allow remote communication between various components of the system 200 (shown in
Thus, the data transmission module 330 may employ any of a number of different types of data transmission. For example, in various embodiments, the data transmission module 330 may be an active device such as a radio or a passive device with an antenna capable of wireless communication. In some embodiments, the data transmission module 330 may be activated to communicate the open and closed status of individual valves within the primary drainage device 205 to the secondary control device 215 or other electronic device or service such as, by way of non-limiting example, a PDA, cell phone, computer, remote accessible data storage site (e.g. an internet server, email server, text message server). In some embodiments, control signals or program algorithms may be transmitted to the data transmission module 330 from an external device to adjust the treatment settings.
The actuator 335 is configured to influence the flow system 210 within the primary drainage device 205 to assume an open or closed condition. In particular, the actuator 335 is configured to selectively open valves within the flow system 210 to increase flow through the primary drainage device 205. In some embodiments, the actuator 335 can selectively open individual valves of the flow system 210 independently of each other. In some embodiments, the actuator 335 comprises an electromagnet configured to selectively open and close individual valves within the flow system 210 of the primary drainage device 205. In some embodiments, the actuator 335 can act upon the primary drainage device 205 without the use of the processor 320. In other embodiments, the actuator 335 is controlled by the processor 320.
The atmospheric pressure sensor 340 and the anterior chamber pressure sensor 345 may be the same as the atmospheric pressure reference element 220 and the anterior chamber pressure element 218, respectively, shown in
In some instances, the primary drainage device 205 and the secondary control device 215 are implanted at different times during different surgical procedures. For example, in some instances, the primary drainage device 205 is initially implanted in the eye, and the secondary control device 215 is later implanted into the eye if a healthcare provider determines that the primary drainage device 205 is not providing adequate IOP control (e.g., as the pressure at the drainage site or bleb increases, resulting in decreased outflow of aqueous humor through the primary drainage device 205). It is important to note, however, that if the primary drainage device 205 provides adequate IOP control, then the secondary control device 215 need not be implanted into the eye.
In some instances, the primary drainage device and the secondary control device are implanted in different anatomic locations. For example, in one instance, the primary drainage device 205 may be implanted between the anterior chamber 70 and the suprachoroidal space, and the secondary control device 215 may be implanted into the subconjunctival space (as illustrated in
In the embodiment pictured in
In
The pressure zone P2 may be located in a pocket at the drainage site 212, such as a bleb, that generally contains aqueous humor. The drainage site 212 may be, by way of non-limiting example, in a subconjunctival space, a suprachoroidal space, a subscleral space, a supraciliary space, Schlemm's canal, a collector channel, an episcleral vein, and a uveo-scleral pathway, among other locations in the eye. The difference between the pressures at zones P1 and P2 (P1−P2) provides an indication of the pressure differential across the flow system 210 (i.e., between the anterior chamber 70 and the drainage site 212). In one embodiment (e.g., where only the primary drainage device 205 in implanted in the eye), this pressure differential dictates the rate of aqueous humor flow from the anterior chamber 70 to the drainage site 212.
In
In some embodiments, the primary drainage device 205 includes pressure sensors (not shown) corresponding to the pressure zones P1 and P2. These primary drainage device sensors and the pressure sensors 340, 345 can be any type of pressure sensors suitable for implantation in the eye. They each may be the same type of pressure sensor, or they may be different types of pressure sensors. In various embodiments, the IOP control system 200 may include any number of pressure sensors or lack pressure sensors altogether.
Generally, IOP is a gauge pressure reading—the difference between the absolute pressure in the eye (e.g., as measured by the anterior chamber pressure sensor 345 in zone P1) and atmospheric pressure (e.g., as measured by the atmospheric pressure sensor 340 in zone P3). In one embodiment of the present disclosure, pressure readings are taken in the pressure zones P1 and P3 simultaneously or nearly simultaneously over time so that the actual IOP can be calculated (as P1−P3 or P1−f(P3), where f(P3) indicates a function of P3). Pressure measurements by any pressure sensors within zones P1, P2, and P3 can be may be stored in a memory source, such as, by way of non-limiting example, the memory 325 by the processor 320. They can later be read from the memory source so that the pressure drop across the primary drainage device 205 over time can be interpreted by a user, such as a patient or a healthcare professional. In some embodiments, the pressure measurements and any calculations derived therefrom (e.g., the IOP) may be visually depicted on a display in any of a variety of forms, including, by way of non-limiting example, graphical and list forms.
The flow system 210 is configured to control the flow of drainage fluid through the drainage tube 500, and thereby affect pressure in the eye, including the IOP. A desired pressure differential can be maintained by controlling the flow through the flow system 210. For example, when the IOP is too high, the flow system 210 may operate to permit increased flow through the drainage tube 500, and when the IOP is too low (e.g., in a hypotonous state where aqueous humor is draining too rapidly from the anterior chamber), the flow system 210 may operate to decrease the flow through the drainage tube 500. Likewise, some embodiments of the IOP control system 200 are configured to control the flow of drainage fluid to the drainage site 212 (e.g., a bleb), and thereby control the bleb pressure to maintain a desired fluid flow to the bleb, decrease fibrosis, and increase absorption efficiency. To accomplish this, the flow system 210 may be responsive to the secondary control device 215 based on input data received from the atmospheric pressure sensor 340, the anterior chamber pressure sensor 345, IOP calculations, and/or a pre-programmed treatment protocol (e.g., based on the current IOP or the time lapse after initial implantation). Such a treatment protocol may be stored in the memory 325 (shown in
The housing 605 can be shaped in any of a variety of three-dimensional hollow shapes, including, by way of non-limiting example, a curved disc, an oblong plate, and a cylindrical tube. The housing 605 is arranged and configured relative to the drainage tube 500 to allow aqueous humor from the anterior chamber 70 (shown in
In
The sealing portion 615 may be formed of an elastically deformable biocompatible material such as, by way of non-limiting example, silicone, silicon nitride, silicone elastomer, polyimide, Parylene, and others. In the example shown, the sealing portion 615 is shaped as a flexible membrane that is secured at its periphery to the housing 605. The sealing portion 615 comprises a flexible membrane responsive to a pressure differential across a first surface 630 and an opposing second surface 632. In the pictured embodiment, the pressure within the pressure zone P1 acts upon the first surface 630, and the pressure within the pressure zone P2 acts upon the second surface 632. For purposes of practicality, the sealing portion 615 should be thick enough to be durable and resistant to corrosion and leakage. However, the sealing portion 615 should also be thin enough to provide the necessary flexibility and deflection capabilities which are required in a membrane designed for use in a pressure-responsive control system. A preferred thickness of the sealing portion 615 will depend on the deflection response desired for a given pressure and the material chosen. As an example, the sealing portion 615 may be fabricated out of Parylene and may have a thickness ranging from 0.5 μm to 30 μm. In some embodiments, the sealing portion 615 is substantially smooth, without corrugation features. In some embodiments, the sealing portion 615 includes indentations or corrugations whose depths affect the deflection profile of the sealing portion 615 in response to various pressures. The thickness, material, and diameter of the sealing portion 615 as well as the depth, number, and orientation of the corrugations, may affect the cracking pressure and deflection profiles of the sealing portion 615.
In the pictured embodiment, the sealing portion 615 includes a responsive element 635 coupled to the second surface 632 of the sealing portion 615. The responsive element 635 is configured to be responsive to the secondary control device 615. In some embodiments, the responsive element 635 is configured to be responsive to the actuator 335 of the secondary control device 615. In the pictured embodiment, the responsive element 635 comprises a metallic element, deposit, or strip. The responsive element 635 may be formed of any of a variety of metallic materials that are responsive to a magnetic field.
The cracking pressure of a valve generally refers to the minimum pressure differential needed between the entrance and exit of the valve to lift the sealing portion off its valve seat, thereby allowing the valve to assume an open condition allowing fluid flow past the valve. The cracking pressure of the valve 610 is dependent upon the structure and configuration of the sealing portion 615 and structure and configuration of the valve seat 625.
The cracking pressure of the valve 610 is dependent upon the structural characteristics of the sealing portion 615 and the valve seat 625. Therefore, the cracking pressure of the valve 610 is dependent upon the geometry (e.g., shape, diameter, and thickness), and material properties (e.g., stiffness) of the sealing portion 615 as well as the geometry (e.g., size and shape), and material properties (e.g., stiffness) of the valve seat 625. For example, the specific configuration and structure of the valve 610 (e.g., the height of the valve seat 625 within the fluid flow passageway 608 and the diameter of the sealing portion 615, by way of non-limiting example) can be selected to create a particular cracking pressure for the valve. Accordingly, the cracking pressure of the valve 610 may be preselected by controlling these parameters during the manufacturing or assembly processes. In addition, the healthcare provider may select flow system including a valve having a particular cracking pressure based on the most appropriate or desired IOP range for the treatment of a particular condition.
In the described embodiment, the sealing portion 615 is shaped and configured to contact the valve seat 625 when the pressure differential across the valve 610 closes the valve 610, as shown in
The IOP control system 200 shown in
In one embodiment, the secondary control device 215 is configured to affect IOP by adjusting the flow through the flow system 600 using the actuator 335. In particular, the flow system 600 within the primary drainage device 205 is configured to respond to the actuator 335 to affect the flow through the drainage tube 600. As described above, the valve 610 within the flow system 600 will assume an open condition when the fluid pressure proximal to the valve 610 surpasses a threshold cracking pressure of the valve 610. Thus, increasing the cracking pressure of the valve 610 increases the pressure threshold needed for the valve 610 to assume an open condition and allow fluid flow past the valve 610. Similarly, decreasing the cracking pressure of the valve 610 decreases the pressure threshold needed for the valve 610 to assume an open condition. In some embodiments, the actuator 635 acts on the flow system 600 to decrease the cracking pressure of the valve 610.
In an exemplary scenario, a healthcare provider can evaluate the current IOP and determine whether the aqueous humor is draining from the anterior chamber 70 in a desirable fashion. As time passes after the initial implantation of the primary drainage device 205, the initial cracking pressure threshold of the flow system 600 may not be ideal. After the initial drop in IOP after implantation, the IOP may gradually rise due to faulty drainage as a result of scarring at the drainage site (i.e., scarring or fibrosis of the bleb). The increase in drainage site pressure may hinder the passive flow of fluid through the primary drainage device 205 by decreasing the pressure differential across the primary drainage device 205, which causes a gradual increase in IOP. If the calculated IOP indicates that aqueous flow is occurring in an appropriate fashion, then no adjustment may be needed. If, however, the healthcare provider determines that the aqueous humor is not draining appropriately from the eye (e.g., if the IOP is not within a desired range, as determined by pressure measurements by the atmospheric pressure sensor 340 and the anterior chamber pressure sensor 345), the healthcare provider may then decrease the pressure threshold of the flow system 600 by implanting and using the secondary control device 215 to increase the aqueous flow from the anterior chamber 70 through the primary drainage device 205 to effect a pressure change to the desired IOP. To do this, the user can use the actuator 335 of the secondary control device 215 to adjust the flow system 600 by wirelessly adjusting the flow system 600, thereby changing the pressure drop across the primary drainage device 205. Thus, the secondary control device 215 may be implanted at the same time as the primary drainage device 205, or may be implanted at a later time during a subsequent revision or corrective procedure, as described above.
In some embodiments, the secondary control device 215 may be programmed (e.g., via the processor 320) to activate the actuator 335 when the IOP surpasses a predetermined threshold value. Likewise, in some embodiments, the secondary control device 215 may be programmed (e.g., via the processor 320) to deactivate the actuator 335 when the IOP falls below a predetermined threshold value. In some embodiments, these IOP threshold values or predetermined acceptable IOP range may be stored in the memory 325. In this fashion, the secondary control device 215 enables the user to change how the primary drainage device 205 responds to the pressure differential P1:P2 across the flow system 600 based on the changes in the IOP.
As shown in
In the pictured embodiment, when the electromagnetic actuator 335 is activated and the responsive element 635 is drawn toward the actuator 335 in response to the magnetic force exerted on the responsive element 635 by the actuator 335, the sealing portion 615 is also drawn away from the valve seat 625 toward the actuator 615 because the responsive element 635 is coupled to the sealing portion 615. As the sealing portion 615 is drawn farther into the fluid flow passageway 608, the cracking pressure of valve 610 decreases and the fluid flow past the valve 610 progressively increases. Thus, in a scenario utilizing the secondary control device 215, the primary drainage device 205 may have a lower pressure threshold needed to be overcome to allow fluid to flow through the flow system 600 than in a scenario where the primary drainage device is passively operating to drain aqueous fluid in response to the pressure differential across the flow system 600.
The healthcare provider may repeatedly reevaluate the patient's IOP to assess whether aqueous humor is appropriately draining from the patient's eye. If not, the user may then readjust the pressure threshold of the flow device 300 by activating and/or deactivating the actuator 335 of the secondary control device 215 to affect the flow through the primary drainage device 205. For example, if the IOP achieves a desirable level, then the user may deactivate the actuator 335, thereby allowing the primary drainage device to return to a passive mode in which the valve 610 is largely pressure-dependent and the pressure differential across the sealing portion 615 dictates the flow through the flow system 600. Thus, by monitoring the IOP and actively throttling the valve 610 within the flow system 600, a desired IOP may be maintained.
In
In the pictured embodiment in
In
In another embodiment, the sealing portion 915 may be formed from an active material such as, by way of non-limiting example, an electroactive polymer (EAP) that changes shape when stimulated by an electric field. In this embodiment, upon activation of the actuator 335, the actuator 335 may generate an electric field designed to change the physical characteristics of the sealing portion 915 in order to achieve the desired cracking pressure of the valve 910. By decreasing the cracking pressure of the valve 910, the actuator 335 may thereby lower the pressure threshold needed to be overcome to allow fluid to flow past the valve 910. Upon deactivation of the actuator 335, the sealing portion 915 is configured to resume its native physical characteristics, thereby returning the cracking pressure of the valve 910 to its original value.
In the pictured embodiment, the IOP control system 1000 is implanted within the eye to extend from the anterior chamber 70 to the drainage site 212. In the pictured embodiment, the drainage site 212 is the suprachoroidal space. In other embodiments, the drainage site 212 may be located elsewhere. The IOP control system 1000 may include, by way of non-limiting example, any number of drainage tubes, valves, pumps, transducers, processors, actuators, or sensors. In the pictured embodiment, the IOP control system 1000 is configured to fit at least partially within the subconjunctival space or the suprachoroidal space and is sized for example within a range between about 150 mm2 to about 400 mm2 In some embodiments, the IOP control system 1000 has a thickness less than about 2.5 mm thick. For example, in one embodiment, the IOP control system 1000 has a thickness of about 2.0 mm thick. The IOP control system 1000 may be curved to approximate the radius of the eye globe. In some embodiments, the IOP control system 1000 is rigid and preformed with a curvature suitable to substantially conform to the globe. In other embodiments, the IOP control system 1000 is flexible to conform to the globe. The above dimensions and arrangement are exemplary only, and other sizes and arrangements are contemplated.
In the pictured embodiment, the drainage device 1005 is shaped and sized to extend from the anterior chamber 70 of the eye to the drainage site 212 in the suprachoroidal space. The drainage device 1005 bridges the anterior chamber 70 and the drainage site 210 to provide an auxiliary flow path for aqueous humor, bypassing the flow-resistive conventional pathway through the trabecular meshwork and shunting aqueous humor directly to the drainage site 212. In the example shown, the drainage device 1005 is a single hollow tube having a single lumen. Other embodiments include a plurality of tubes or a plurality of lumens cooperating together to permit fluid to flow through the implantable system 1000. Aqueous humor may drain through the drainage device 1005 from the anterior chamber 70 to the drainage site 212 to alleviate elevated intraocular pressure conditions.
In the pictured embodiment, the implantable IOP control system 1000 includes the control device 1010. As described above with reference to the secondary control device 215 shown in
The control device 1010 may be curved to approximate the radius of the eye globe. In some embodiments, the control device 1010 is rigid and preformed with a curvature suitable to substantially conform to the globe. In other embodiments, the control device 1010 is flexible to conform to the globe. When implanted, the IOP control system 1000 may be located in the subconjunctival pocket between the conjunctiva and sclera. It may be generally located on an ocular quadrant commonly used for conventional glaucoma drainage devices with plates; that is, it may be located between neighboring ocular muscles that define the ocular quadrant chosen for implantation. In the pictured embodiment, the control device 1010 is shaped as a plate and is configured to fit at least partially within the subconjunctival space and is sized for example within a range between about 15 mm×10 mm to about 30 mm×15 mm. In some embodiments, the control device 1010 has a thickness less than about 2 mm thick. For example, in one embodiment, the control device 1010 has a thickness of about 1 mm thick. The above dimensions and arrangement are exemplary only, and other sizes and arrangements are contemplated.
If and when a healthcare provider deems it necessary to begin active control of the drainage device (e.g., when passive drainage through the device 1005 is not sufficiently controlling the anterior chamber pressure and/or the IOP), the healthcare provider may activate the control device 1010. The control device may monitor the IOP and decide whether or not to activate the actuator and actively throttle flow through the drainage device 1005 based on the changes in IOP over time. Upon activation of the actuator 1035 in the control device 1010, the actuator 1035 affects the drainage device 1005 to actively throttle flow through the drainage device 1005 based on the IOP. The actuator 1035 may actively throttle flow through the drainage device 1005 through any of the methods described above with relation to
While generally described with the valves in the drainage devices having an open and closed condition, it is understood that the valve conditions may be opened by varying degrees and the system may operate to control each valve by opening and closing one or more valves to a greater or lesser amount as described to control the flow through the drainage devices.
The devices, systems, and methods described herein achieve IOP control with a relatively small device that allows for both passive and active IOP control. Due to the design of the IOP control systems disclosed herein, the overall size of at least the initial implant may be minimized, allowing for implantation in confined areas such as the suprachoroidal space. The embodiments utilizing separate primary drainage devices and secondary control devices decrease the invasiveness of the individual surgical procedures required to implant the separate devices, which may improve surgical outcomes. In some exemplary aspects, the initial implant may comprise a drainage device configured to allow passive aqueous outflow, which minimizes the size and invasiveness of the implant. Whether to improve the effectiveness of the drainage device or to provide necessary control arising from a change in the patient's medical needs, a healthcare provider may decide to implant the secondary control device to enable active control of aqueous outflow through the drainage device. This staged approach allows the doctor to have an added degree of discretion when balancing surgical risk with the needs of their patient.
The embodiments utilizing a single implant carrying both the primary drainage device and the secondary control device allow the doctor to employ a similarly staged approach by initially allowing passive drainage through the primary drainage device and only later implementing active control if necessary. Upon implantation, the combination device would utilize passive drainage control, thereby preserving power for IOP monitoring and subsequent active control, if necessary. Also, if the control device were to fail, the implant would be able to revert to the passive state through the drainage tube and maintain at least some degree of passive outflow through the drainage device.
The exemplary system disclosed herein allows the user to take into account intraocular pressures, bleb pressures, and/or the post-operative time lapse in regulating drainage flow. The IOP control system disclosed herein may work to extend the longevity of the drainage device by allowing a user to actively control the pressure differential threshold of the drainage devices, thereby enabling the device to remain effective at controlling IOP for a longer period of time as the pressure increases at the drainage site (e.g., secondary to bleb scarring or fibrosis). In addition, the exemplary IOP control system disclosed herein may not require a continuous power supply to maintain such adjustments.
Persons of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the embodiments encompassed by the present disclosure are not limited to the particular exemplary embodiments described above. In that regard, although illustrative embodiments have been shown and described, a wide range of modification, change, and substitution is contemplated in the foregoing disclosure. It is understood that such variations may be made to the foregoing without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
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