Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
  • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
  • G21F9/28—Treating solids
  • G21F9/30—Processing
  • G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
  • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
  • G21F9/28—Treating solids
  • G21F9/30—Processing
  • G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
  • G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
  • G21F9/304—Cement or cement-like matrix
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
  • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
  • G21F9/28—Treating solids
  • G21F9/30—Processing
  • G21F9/32—Processing by incineration

Definitions

• the method according to the invention relates to the treatment of waste material and/or nuclear contaminated material, and set out from ground base material purified from metal waste.
• the invention also relates to a scheme for the treatment of waste material and/or nuclear contaminated material.
• the invention relates to apparatus provided with rotary, closed, horizontally arranged cylinder, with hollow axes placed on both ends of the cylinder, the axes are supported with roller bearings with the possibility of rotating movement, one of the axes is led into the input house while the other one into the output house, the axes are separated from output and input houses with seals, an input pulley is built- in into the hollow of the input house's sideways axis.
• the waste material and/or nuclear contaminated material are treated pyrolytically, that is the material is distilled fractionally in a partly reductive environment, with direct heat transfer at a relatively low temperature and is successively burnt.
• the disadvantage of this method relies in the fact that the quantity of contaminated corrosive gas and ash arising in the course of the procedure is superfluously high.
• the known schemes are different combined connections of directly or indirectly heated drying equipments, directly heated distiller type equipments and gas treating equipments.
• the known schemes do not allow the production of remaining dangerous waste materials with an optimally possible smallest mass and volume, moreover the known schemes require the introduction of an unnecessary high volume of air getting contaminated during the procedure.
• the known schemes do not allow the continuous operation of the equipment, the controllability of the procedures and the production of materials with optimally smallest mass and volume to be brought to a final storage.
• the dry distillery is the key unit of the apparatus realizing the processes.
• the distillery is exposed to very extreme complex load resulting partly from the weight of the materials to be condensed, partly from the high temperatures, further the enhanced corrosion effects at high temperatures to an increasing extent and the differential pressure existing between the equipment and the environment.
• the technical realization of the known distillery and/or carbonisator apparatus which has a vertically mounted container, makes the loading of material to be distilled, closing and heating the distillator after loading, and performing the distillation process with intermittent running possible. On this known equipment some opening is set free after performing the distillation and then the retained solid material can be removed from the distillary in the course of which gases causing environmental pollution and harmful to health are emitted in an uncontrollable way to the open air.
• Such an apparatus which has a ratable horizontal cylinder, however due to the hard load, the leakage and the tar storage aren't at all or are only for a short time suitable for realizing an operation according to the invented method.
• there is no any known equipment with a horizontal cylinder which under extreme use would permanently be suitable under such a high load for an operation with continuous direct heating and the necessary loading and unloading of the solid materials in a closed system.
• the method according to present invention is based on discovering that the contaminating, e.g. the nuclear contaminated organic materials as a consequence of the composition of the materials in most cases can be decomposed into components of different contamination grades and from these components an optimally possible lowest value af contaminated mass and volume of the materials can be reached by combining different chemical (mainly oxidation) and physical processes corresponding to the characteristics of the components involved.
• the mass and volume produced that way is smaller that any of the mass and volume produced as remaining contaminated material and the volume of dangerous gases issued during the procedure is also significantly less than that of the methods known so far.
• the scheme according to the invention is based on discovering that if a solid material burner and through a gas state burner or a gas cooler a gas burner or a liquid burner is connected to the distillary, further the gas burner or liquid burner and solid material burner are connected by introducing an ash cooler with a pelletizer or a grainer, the waste material and/or the nuclear contaminated material can be concentrated in continuous mode of operation to the optimally smallest value of mass and volume of material for final storage.
• the invented apparatus is based on discovering that if the indirect heated equipment's loading (input) house is provided with a loading opening and gas phase exit branch, the unloading (output) house with an unloading opening and gas phase exit branch, there are carrying-out shovels fixed to the inner casing of the cylinder on the side at the output house further the sealing has been made of sealing segments drawn together by cord pulled by weights and outer fitted sealing segments placed between the loading house wall and the unloading house wall while the sealing rings are secured by holders against radial displacement, while the sealing segments and the sealing rings are secured against axial displacement by a spring clamp unit, the equipment will be suitable for bearing the different loads and performing a continuous distillation procedure in a closed system without any higher demand for maintenance.
• the task of the invented procedure is to handle waste materials in such a way that the contained hazardous materials, among others heavy metals, halogen's and/or radiating materials would be concentrated to a possible small mass and volume.
• the task of the invented scheme and apparatus is the controllable, continuously operating, efficient realization of the method.
• the essence of the invented method is to grind the base material until a maximum grain size of 50 mm is reached, to dry to a relative humidity below 30%, to distil it at a core temperature of 300-1200 C and 200-900 kN/m2 pressure in an oxygen- free reducing environment with indirect heating, the steam arising at the drying cycle are to be condensed; solid materials remaining after the distillation should be burnt and/or mineralised and/or vitrified over 1000 C in direct heated system and/or led to further utilization; vapours arising at the distillation should be directly burnt or tempered for a controlled period of time at high temperatures depending on the corresponding dangerous material content; or should be precipitated with cooling down those below 60 C, the resulting liquid is to be further utilized and the remaining combustible gases should be burnt and/or the vapours and/or flue gases should be precipitated and/or purified by washing them with the corresponding own liquid phase and/or several buffering and/or bubbling gases in liquids in order to decrease the energy content; the remained ash
• the remaining material arising at the distillation procedure will be cooled in oxygen-free environment to room temperature in the case of a suitable realization method of the procedure.
• the solid material remaining after distillation is of inorganic character - that solid material remained from the process is mineralised and/or vitrified at high temperature in direct heated system, to enclose and include the harmful components, and make the endproduct chemically stabilised and water/time resistant.
• pelletized or granulated ash containing all of the material hazardously contaminating the environment, should be placed into water separated from the environment for a final storage.
• All of the radiating materials and/or chemical produced and emitted to the environment in the course of a realization of the method should be removed from the flue gases/liquids produced and emitted to the environment.
• the invented method can be advantageously realized if the radiation and/or chemical parameters of all the flue gases and liquids produced during the process and emitted in the environment are continuously measured and the processes are controlled in such a manner that the radiation and/or chemical loading of the filters is as low as possible.
• An essential feature of the scheme according to the invention is that the grinding machine is connected with the drying equipment, the drying equipment is connected with the distillery and the condenser, the distillery is further connected with the gas phase burner or gas treating unit and the solid material burner, the gas treating apparatus is also connected with the gas cooler, the gas cooler is connected with the liquid burner and the gas burner, the solid material burner and the liquid burner is connected with the gas filters, the condenser is connected to condense liquid treating unit, the equipments of the scheme are connected to the open environment through the gas filters, the liquid treating unit, the solid material treating unit and the condense liquid treating unit.
• a cooler is built between the distillery and the solid material burner.
• the invention can also be advantageously realized in that way that a liquid treating unit is inserted between the gas cooler and the liquid burner.
• the loading house is provided with a loading-in opening and gas exit branch
• the unloading house with an unloading opening and gas exit branch
• the sealing has been made of sealing segments drawn together by a cord pulled by weights and outer fitted sealing segments placed between the loading house wall and the unloading wall house, further the sealing rings are secured by holders against radial displacement while the sealing segments and the sealing rings are secured against axial displacement by a spring clamp unit.
• organic or dry distillable inorganic materials containing materials are used as starting basic materials.
• Such waste material can be produced by selective collection and/or previous selection of the waste material prior to the process according to the invention.
• the dried material should be ground that way that he maximum grain size will be 50 mm. This maximum grain size of 50 mm guarantees possibility for a further effective accomplishment of the procedure's forthcoming steps.
• the granulated material should be dried to get a relative humidity of maximally 30%.
• the dried waste material will be distilled at a core temperature of 300-1200 C and 200-900 kN/m2 pressure in an oxygen-free reducing inert environment with indirect heating. In the course of this all of the volatile and evaporable materials will be removed. Due to the high temperature of the distillation and on the effect of thermal shock the material decomposes during the distillation. Experiences show that depending on the composition of the starting material the significant part of the waste and nuclear materials will be concentrated either in the gas phase or separate in the remained solid phase.
• the radiation load will be concentrated either in the solid phase or in the liquid phase, if the gas phase is not burnt just after coming into existence, therefore the further treatment will become simpler and more efficient.
• the flue gases or non condensable gases are generally hardly contaminating the environment, therefore it is advantageous to burn them.
• the radiating materials should be removed from the combustion products by known methods.
• the procedure is very economical from the viewpoint of energetics.
• the basic material was cut to grain sizes of 0.1-6 mm. Previous indirect drying was performed with 400 C flue gas; down to 8 mass% humidity. Distillation was processed with a duration time of 16 minutes on 600 C, with 50.000 kN/m2 depressive pression.
• the experiment was made with a mixed waste material containing heavy metals (mercury luminescent lamp tubes, light sources, plastic waste materials containing heavy metals) at 600 and 800 C nucleus temperature with 1 t/h capacity.
• the experiment was made for the investigation of the final temperature of pyrolysis and to state how different heavy metal containing materials in what form can be made treatable with a proper concentration in a suitable phase and test the mineralisation/vitrification process.
• Fine ground, 0-3 mm grain structured CaO additive was mixed into complex, unclassified, 0-3 mm ground plastic waste material in equal quantities and heated evenly to a core temperature of 780 C for 35 minutes and kept on 780 C for 15 minutes, meanwhile the additive and the waste material volatile chemically reacted under mechanical stirring and as the solid phase separated from the gaseous phase a cooling was performed for further purification and final utilization.
• the mixture of the material started to decompose immediately over 200 C temperature and as a result of the increased temperature the following final product was received:
• the aim of the experiment treatment of rest oil sludge or recovery of the oil condensate, respectively and purification of the contaminated soil in an economic manner.
• Humidity content of the base material 3.5 mass%
• Oil content of the base material 39.5 mass %
• the oil sludge waste material was condensed with indirect heat treatment.
• the solid rest, the sand was purified from the oil and volatile contamination, vitrified by direct high temperature heat treatment and recovered for utilisation, while the valuable oil recovered in its liquid form after condensation.
• the multi-phase treatment method is more advantageous in case of hazardous waste materials, since less gaseous and solid material are to be treated and these are chemically decomposed; homogeneous; treatable, further the purification and treatment of rest materials are simpler. Treatment with other additives, such as CaCo3 (calcium-carbonate) is also advantageous.
• FIG. 1 A solution of the scheme of the invention is presented in Figure 1.
• FIG 1 the scheme of apparatus providing the treatment of nuclear and/or chemical waste material management is shown.
• Grinding device 1 is connected with drying equipment 2, drying unit 2 is connected with the distillery 4 and the condenser 3; distillery 4is also connected to the gas treating unit 5 or gas combustor 15 and the solid material combustor or mineralisator and/or vitrificator 9;
• the gas treating unit 5 is connected with the gas cooler 6;
• gas cooler 6 is connected with liquid combustor 13 and/or gas combustor 15; solid material combustor or mineralisator and/or vitrificator 9 and the liquid combustor 13 through solid material cooler 11 is connected with the pelletizer and/or utilisation unit 12;
• gas combustor 15 is connected to gas filter 10;
• condenser 3 is connected to the condensed-liquid treating device 14.
• the equipments of the scheme are connected through gas filter 10, liquid treating unit 7, solid material treating unit 16 and 12 and condensed-
• the equipments of the scheme are connected with the open environment through gas filter 10, liquid treating device 7 and condensed-liquid treating device 14, solid material treatment device 16 and 12.
• An advantageous scheme provides that the pyrolysis gaseous phase can be burnt directly without cooling getting gas burner 15 and through filter 10 the flue gas can be emitted to the open air. If this is the case gas treatment device 5, gas cooler 6, liquid treatment device 7, liquid burner 13 and condensing gas filter 10 can be omitted. In one another advantageous scheme cooler 8 and/or liquid treatment device 7 can be left out.
• connection arrangement grants the following material flows: the starting solid-state material is fed to distillery 4 through grinder 1 and dryer 2. In dryer 2 the most significant part of steam leaves the solid material. In distillery 4 gases and the remained steam leave the solid material. The remaining solid material enters solid material combustor or minerahsator/vitrificator 9, either through cooler 8 or directly; and utilised through cooler 11 and/or solid material treating device 12 or 16.
• gas treatment unit 5 and gas cooler 6 form a multi-connected unit in which tar and pyrolysis oils and vapours precipitate.
• the tarry with a relative high steam content from gas cooler 6 gets to liquid treating device 7 while non-condensable gases enter the gas burner 15 from where they get into the gas filter 10 following the combustion and after purification to the open environment.
• the water containing tar gets from liquid treating device 7 to liquid-burner 13 where it burns and the remaining ash is passed to ash cooler 11. From distiller 4 through cooler 8 the solid phase will be led to solid material combustor 9 where is combusted by adding air and/or oxygen. Combustion gases from solid material burner 9 and liquid combustor 13 get to gas filters 10 and from there to the open.
• solid material burner 9 the ash after combustion gets to ash cooler 11 and the cooled ash is to be led to pelleting 12.
• pelleting 12 the ash mixed with additive will be formed to pellet or granulate and this pellet or granulate will be finally stored as dangerous material. If the character of the material's contamination permits the purified material in liquid treating device 7 can be released immediately to the open air. From condense water treating device 14 and liquid treating device 7 the purified water will enter the receiver.
• the apparatus 4 is rotating, permanently fed, closed, horizontally arranged and consisting of 401 cylinders and hollow axes 403 at the end of cylinder 401.
• Axes 403 are supported with ball bearing 402.
• One of the axes 403 is led into the loading house 404 while the other axis 403 is led into the unloading house 405.
• Axes 403 are separated with sealing 406 from loading house 404 and unloading house 405.
• Loading house 404 is provided with a loading opening 407 and gas exit branch 409.
• unloading paddles 411 are fixed.
• the seal 406 with weights 4061 pulled cord 4062 of sealing segments 4063 and outer sealing rings 4065 placed between the walls 4064 of unloading house 405 and loading house 404 and sealing segments 4063 is made.
• Sealing rings 4065 are secured by holders 4066 fastened to the wall 4064 against radial displacement.
• the axial displacements of sealing segments 4063 and sealing rings 4065 is hindered by clamp unit 4067.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=10977851

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (1)

Citations (4)

• 1992
  • 1992-07-16 JP JP5502723A patent/JPH06506776A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 1992-07-16 WO PCT/HU1992/000029 patent/WO1993002458A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1992-07-16 AU AU24691/92A patent/AU2469192A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1992-07-16 EP EP19920918440 patent/EP0549789A1/en not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (4)

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