WO1993002264A1 - Method of manufacturing a hollow self-supporting concrete structure, means for performing said method and structures obtained by means of the method - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing a hollow self-supporting concrete structure, means for performing said method and structures obtained by means of the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993002264A1 WO1993002264A1 PCT/NL1991/000130 NL9100130W WO9302264A1 WO 1993002264 A1 WO1993002264 A1 WO 1993002264A1 NL 9100130 W NL9100130 W NL 9100130W WO 9302264 A1 WO9302264 A1 WO 9302264A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- ribs
- mortar
- spraying
- inflated
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms
- E04G11/045—Inflatable forms
Definitions
- Method of manufacturing a hollow self supporting concrete structure means for performing said method and structures obtained by means of the method.
- the present relates in the first place to a method of manufacturing a tridimensional hollow self supporting concrete structure by inflating an airtight space formed by an airtight sheet having its edges secured to a foundation or base, which sheet after having obtained its proper inflated shape is stiffened by spraying onto it a hardening material, such as mortar or concrete.
- a method of manufacturing a tridimensional hollow self supporting concrete structure by inflating an airtight space formed by an airtight sheet having its edges secured to a foundation or base, which sheet after having obtained its proper inflated shape is stiffened by spraying onto it a hardening material, such as mortar or concrete.
- a further object of the present invention to provide a method by means of which long tunnel-shaped objects can be made which e.g. can serve as sound-walls spanning traffic areas.
- the first object is achieved according to the invention in that a sprayable mortar is used having a micro-silica content which is such that the freshly sprayed mortar in its still plastic stage has form stability.
- said mortar can have any type of additional materials added to the cement such as hardening accelerators, fly ash, synthetic porcelain, quartz, sand, quartzite, tress, bauxite and acceptable synthetic materials as well as all kinds of fibre reinforcements made from resins, glass, steel, carbon or aramide.
- additional materials added to the cement such as hardening accelerators, fly ash, synthetic porcelain, quartz, sand, quartzite, tress, bauxite and acceptable synthetic materials as well as all kinds of fibre reinforcements made from resins, glass, steel, carbon or aramide.
- Said fibre reinforcements are of particular use if spraying takes place without the use of reinforcing rods as will be the case with spraying on the outerside of the sheet or in the manufacturing of structures of relatively small size.
- the sprayable mortar is applied against the innerside of the inflated sheet, in particular where required, a synthetic foam layer which is sprayed first and in which the mortar is reinforced
- the invention provides for a method by means of which structures with a large span can be manufactured by first spraying spaced apart ribs against the underside of the inflated sheet and after hardening of said ribs filling at least part of the areas between the ribs by spraying mortar.
- the mortar can be the particular sprayable mortar having the said micro-silica content, but it can be as well an ordinary mortar or a mortar having other accelerators and or stabilizers.
- a foam layer is applied first, as is well known, upon which foam layer the mortar adheres perfectly well.
- a low wall first may be formed upon the base and against the lower side wall of the inflated sheet, preferably before the said ribs are made.
- Said ribs can be made in parallel vertical planes or in vertical planes of which at least two planes intersect at an angle.
- the reinforcing bars for the ribs prior to the spraying of the ribs, are placed between temporary mounted side casing plates delimiting the sides of the ribs, which plates are removed prior to the spraying of the final layer or layers of the ribs.
- Said plates are desirable but not always necessary, because they limit the sideward extent of the spray and prevent that non-coherent fine particles of the spray, the spray mist, coat areas of already provided reinforcing bars outside the area of the ribs.
- the sheet is composed of a plurality of parallel webs having their parallel side edges secured to each other and having their outer end edges secured to the said base whereas the outermost webs having their edges detachably secured to end sheets which are connected to the base as well such that in the inflated condition the length of the sheet is larger than its width so as to form a tunnel-shaped structure in which the spraying of the mortar only takes place against the webs and not against the end sheets and that after having finished an inflated length, the pressure is relieved and the downstream end sheet is removed and a new series of webs is connected to the already finished part and closed with an end sheet after which a further length of the structure is manufactured by spraying. In this way a great length can be made stepwise.
- the removable end sheet at the downstream end can be used again and only serves to make inflation possible.
- the means for performing the method of manufacturing longitudinally extending tunnel-shaped structures has an inflatable sheet with two air locks one at each end of the longitudinal axis of the sheet, preferably at the end sheets, each air lock having a size such that it can take up a truck or the like device such as the spraying apparatuses and/or road making devices.
- a truck or the like device such as the spraying apparatuses and/or road making devices.
- the end sheets in inflated condition have the shape of one quarter of a sphere, preferably each with an air lock added to it.
- the areas between the ribs may be completely filled but of course it is possible to leave part of the areas between said ribs uncovered so that openings remain in which the sheet more or less allows the entrance of light or at which the sheet is removed for ventilation purposes.
- a preferred application is the manufacturing of a tunnel-shaped structure which spans a highway or railway track portion. This may be of importance in densely populated areas where the so called "sound-walls" are insufficient to keep traffic sound away from the living quarters of the population. Said structures may even be covered afterwards with earth.
- the present invention is, however, not limited to this form of application.
- the tunnel-shaped structures manufactured according to the invention can also be used as inner coating of a tunnel drilled through rock.
- Figure 1 is a side view of an inflated sheet to be used in the method according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a cross section according to the line ll-ll of figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a cross section according to the line Ill-Ill of figure 1.
- Figure 4 shows in a perspective view a section of the structure to be manufactured according to the invention.
- Figures 5a to 5f incl. disclose a number of subsequent phrases in the manufacturing of the structure as shown in figure 4 or 8.
- Figure 6 is a cross section through a rib at a level adjacent to the base, e.g. at the level of the arrow VI in figure 5d.
- Figure 7 is a cross section through a rib, e.g. at the level of the arrow VII in figure 5e.
- Figure 8 discloses schematically the supply and discharge of material during the manufacturing process.
- Figure 9 is a top view of one embodiment of the structure obtained by applying the method according to the invention.
- Figure 10 is another top view of the structure obtained by obtaining the method according to the invention.
- Rgure 11 is a cross section through a finished structure.
- Figure 12 is a cross section through another embodiment of the finished structure.
- Figures 1 and 4 show a base structure 1 made from concrete either prefabricated or manufactured at the site.
- a plastic sheet having the general reference 2 is secured to said base in an airtight manner.
- Said plastic sheet 2 is composed of a plurality of parallel webs 3, which as shown in figure 3 overlap each other and are welded with their overlapping edges upon each other by means of high frequency to form welding seam 4.
- the connection at said overlapping edges is a permanent connection.
- end sheets 6 and 7 respectively are connected in a detachably manner to the outermost edges 8 and 9 respectively of the innerconnected webs 3 by clamping said outermost edges between strips 10 and 11 respectively which extend in planes parallel to the surface of the webs. Said connection, by means of bolts and nuts 12 and 13 respectively is detachable so that said end sheets 6 end 7 respectively can be removed. This removal is necessary when the required length of the tunnel-shaped structure is finished and/or an extension in one or the other direction is desirable.
- the end sheets 6 and 7 are also connected to a base part 14 and 15 respectively which are removably connected with the base 1.
- Preferably said parts 6 and 7 have the shape of one quarter of a sphere in the inflated condition.
- Figure 5a shows in cross section the inflated sheet.
- Figure 5b shows the situation after the application of a foam layer 15.
- Figure 5c shows as well as figure 4 that primarily lower wall portions 16 and
- reinforcing rods 19 are placed between the ribs as shown in figure 5e and finally mortar is sprayed in the areas remaining between the ribs so that the final shape shown in figure 5f is obtained in which the self supporting is substantially formed by mortar or concrete 21.
- Figure 4 discloses in perspective the lower wall portions 16 and 17, the ribs
- the reinforcing network between the ribs is substantially the same as the reinforcing network used in accordance with the above cited prior art.
- ribs 18-20 which ribs give initial strength to the structure, allowing wide spans, it may be desirable to use reinforcements as well.
- the mortar may contain any kind of reinforcing fibre the traditional reinforcing rods are preferred to take up the loads in particular bending loads to which the entire structure is and will be subjected.
- Figure 6 discloses that reinforcing rods 23 are placed parallel to the contour of the rib to be manufactured in a space which is delimited by temporarily casing plates 22 and 25 respectively. After the mounting of said rods 25 and the casing plates 24 and 25 mortar is sprayed in the space limited in a lateral direction by said plates 24 and 25 until the reinforcing rods are covered. Thereafter the plates 24 and 25 are removed and a final layer 26 is applied either on the ribs separately or together with the spraying of the areas such as 27 between the ribs.
- Figure 7 discloses the same situation but now after the application of a foam layer 15 upon the outer sheet 2.
- Figure 8 discloses one way of manufacturing the tunnel-shaped structure shown in the preceding figures by using an inflatable sheet 2 having air locks 29 and 30 respectively of a size such that a truck 31 can enter it. Said truck can enter at one end, deliver its material inside the inflated part and leave it through the other air lock 30. Since an extension of the structure shown in figure 1 easily can be made as indicated with the interrupted lines 31 large lengths can be manufactured.
- Figure 9 discloses an embodiment which may have the cross section shown in figure 11 or 12 and which in the upper part of the tunnel-shaped structure has uncoated areas 32 between the ribs 18, 19 etc. and at which the sheet 2 may have been removed.
- a highway shielded in this way from its environment can have light and ventilation openings provided by said uncoated areas 32 and it can be or not be incorporated in the landscape by the additional application of earth 33.
- each pair of ribs 34, 35 intersects at the top at a sha ⁇ angle. Also here open spaces 36 and 37 respectively can be created.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU82804/91A AU8280491A (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | Method of manufacturing a hollow self-supporting concrete structure, means for performing said method and structures obtained by means of the method |
PCT/NL1991/000130 WO1993002264A1 (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | Method of manufacturing a hollow self-supporting concrete structure, means for performing said method and structures obtained by means of the method |
DE69123593T DE69123593D1 (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SELF-SUPPORTING CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION |
EP91913904A EP0549595B1 (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | Method of manufacturing a hollow self-supporting concrete structure |
CA002091938A CA2091938C (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | Method of manufacturing a hollow self-supporting concrete structure, means for performing said method and structures obtained by means of the method |
BR919106954A BR9106954A (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SELF-SUSTAINING CONCRETE STRUCTURE, OCA, MEANS FOR THE EXECUTION OF THIS METHOD AND STRUCTURES OBTAINED THROUGH THE METHOD |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL1991/000130 WO1993002264A1 (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | Method of manufacturing a hollow self-supporting concrete structure, means for performing said method and structures obtained by means of the method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993002264A1 true WO1993002264A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 |
Family
ID=19858779
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL1991/000130 WO1993002264A1 (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | Method of manufacturing a hollow self-supporting concrete structure, means for performing said method and structures obtained by means of the method |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0549595B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU8280491A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9106954A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2091938C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69123593D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993002264A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994016173A1 (en) * | 1993-01-07 | 1994-07-21 | Bohn Arne | Formwork for use by the production of logitudinal structures |
WO1995014141A1 (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-05-26 | International Dome Systems (Cyprus) Ltd. | Method of constructing a tunnel-shaped cover or screen over a traffic route, such as a road or railway |
CN102691242A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-09-26 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Method for changing existing roadbed to tunnel without interrupting operation of railway |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103669953A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-26 | 中煤建筑安装工程集团有限公司 | Construction method with space gas film as formwork |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3139464A (en) * | 1960-07-22 | 1964-06-30 | Walter W Bird | Building construction |
FR2297972A1 (en) * | 1975-01-17 | 1976-08-13 | Lasry John | Support for moulding construction - has inflatable envelopes forming protrusions from flexible wall |
GB2131409A (en) * | 1982-12-07 | 1984-06-20 | Elkem As | Concrete additive admixture containing microsilica and concrete produced therewith |
-
1991
- 1991-07-19 EP EP91913904A patent/EP0549595B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-19 CA CA002091938A patent/CA2091938C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-19 AU AU82804/91A patent/AU8280491A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-07-19 WO PCT/NL1991/000130 patent/WO1993002264A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-07-19 BR BR919106954A patent/BR9106954A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-07-19 DE DE69123593T patent/DE69123593D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3139464A (en) * | 1960-07-22 | 1964-06-30 | Walter W Bird | Building construction |
FR2297972A1 (en) * | 1975-01-17 | 1976-08-13 | Lasry John | Support for moulding construction - has inflatable envelopes forming protrusions from flexible wall |
GB2131409A (en) * | 1982-12-07 | 1984-06-20 | Elkem As | Concrete additive admixture containing microsilica and concrete produced therewith |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994016173A1 (en) * | 1993-01-07 | 1994-07-21 | Bohn Arne | Formwork for use by the production of logitudinal structures |
WO1995014141A1 (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-05-26 | International Dome Systems (Cyprus) Ltd. | Method of constructing a tunnel-shaped cover or screen over a traffic route, such as a road or railway |
NL9301988A (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-06-16 | Int Dome Systems Cyprus Ltd | Method for manufacturing a tunnel-shaped hood or screen over a traffic route, such as a motorway or railway. |
CN102691242A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-09-26 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Method for changing existing roadbed to tunnel without interrupting operation of railway |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2091938A1 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
BR9106954A (en) | 1994-01-25 |
CA2091938C (en) | 1997-01-21 |
DE69123593D1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
EP0549595B1 (en) | 1996-12-11 |
AU8280491A (en) | 1993-02-23 |
EP0549595A1 (en) | 1993-07-07 |
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