FI90106C - FOERFARANDE FOER ATT BYGGA EN VAEGBAEDD OCH DESS ANVAENDNING - Google Patents

Description

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Method of building a road frame and its use. - Förfarande för att bygga en vägbädd och dess användning.

The present invention relates to a method for constructing a road frame according to claim 1. The road frame produced by the method can be used for the purposes set out in claim 11.

Our previous patent application FI 894535 discloses a method for manufacturing a composite structure as a combination of a form plate, usually a steel prn profile plate and concrete, by spraying concrete into the form plate. A cutting mesh made by stretching a steel sheet is known from U.S. Patents 1,864,598 and 3,034,197. U.S. Pat. No. 3,570,086.

The disadvantage of current road construction methods is nm. the fact that heavy earth masses have to be brought in for the road frame, which often cause harmful depressions in the soft soil below. To prevent them, expensive bottom reinforcements have to be made. Indeed, construction on soft soils usually generates large additional costs.

Making cavities in road frame structures by known methods is expensive and cumbersome. In particular, pouring concrete into a curved vault shape is difficult and slow. Moving large masses of land to the road site is time consuming and causes environmental damage. Soils suitable for the road frame begin to run out in many places and often have to be excavated from areas valuable in the field of environmental protection. Completion of construction work on soft soils may take several years due to the slowness of soil consolidation. The surface of the roads often does not remain flat, but depressions occur in roads that disturb traffic.

Road platforms are currently useless as a kind of earthworks. In urban centers, for example, street areas are very valuable areas. They should be put to better use than, for example, sand storage.

90106 The object of the present invention is to reduce the above-mentioned disadvantages, and it is achieved by the method according to the invention by forming one or more vaulted cavities inside the concrete shell by shotcreting, as not further specified in the appended claim 1.

A large number of different embodiments can be found for the invention. The following figures are intended to be illustrative only and to illustrate the operation of the invention.

The term "road" as used herein means highways, walking paths, railways and streets and the like.

The term "vaulted" as used herein means arched vaults, vaulted shapes consisting of parts of arcs and straight lines, circles, the shape of an egg and parts thereof, and parts of parabola and hyperbel. Compressive stresses are often present in the vaulted structure, but bending stresses can also occur. Compressive stresses are advantageous because concrete then does not require many steels to take tensile stresses. The structure thus becomes cheap when expensive steels can be saved.

Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-section of the general road frame currently in use.

Figure 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a mesh and slab part bent on an arch before concreting.

Figure 3 shows a part of the long mesh structure after the addition of the first concrete layer.

Figure 4 shows the principle of performing spray concreting by means of two nozzles behind the steel parts.

Figure 5 shows a concrete shell sprayed on a cutting net stiffened with stiffening corrugations.

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Figure 6 shows a shotcrete mesh on both sides.

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Fig. 7 shows an illustrative view of the lifting of a shotcreting surface element previously bent into a vault-like shape on top of foundations.

Figure 8 shows an illustrative view of two vaulted concreting surfaces placed in parallel.

Fig. 9 shows an illustrative view of performing shotcreting with a remote-controlled heavy machine on a network element.

Figure 10 shows profiled sheet metal bent into a vault-shaped shape on the foundation before concreting.

Figure 11 shows an illustrative view of a completed road structure implemented in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 12 shows an illustrative view of the finished road structure built on piles.

Figure 13 shows an illustrative view of an alternative road structure in which the direction of the cavities is transverse to the direction of the road.

Figure 14 shows a dual carriageway established on piles.

Figure 15 shows an illustrative view of a street implemented according to the invention.

Figure 16 shows an illustrative view of a footpath implemented in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 17 shows an illustrative view of a road implemented in accordance with the invention, in the frame of which a parking space is arranged.

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Fig. 18 shows an illustrative view of a road on the body of which a second traffic lane is located.

Fig. 19 shows in cross-section the principle for performing shotcreting against the ground in an ovoid shape.

Fig. 20 shows the spraying of the upper part of the oval cross-section on the structure according to Fig. 19.

Figure 21 shows a cross-section of a road structure on top of an ovoid void.

Figure 1 shows the current road structure with a large amount of soil under the superstructure 55. The road frame is kind of useless and heavy.

In Fig. 2, a curved mesh 86 is mounted on a curved profiled sheet 1. The mesh 86 is formed in a brush-like manner to increase rigidity. The diagonal strands of the mesh 86 retain the structure well before concreting.

In Figure 3, a first layer of shotcrete 6 is applied over the lower part of the net 86. To prevent the passage of shotcrete, some background 27 may be used temporarily or permanently. From the openings in the net, the concrete mass 6 can also enter the net ridge.

With the double nozzle according to Fig. 4, concrete is sprayed into the same place from different directions, whereby the possible blind areas of the steels 86 are filled with the shotcrete mass 4 of the second nozzle 5. It is also possible to use several nozzles to spray concrete from different directions into the same place. The nozzles 5 can be attached to support arms 82, which can be articulated by a hinge 89 so that the angle of impact between the different nozzles 5 can be adjusted. If desired, the concrete mass 4 can be bounced from the background 27 even behind the steels 86.

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In Fig. 5, spray concreting has been performed on the stiffened cutting net 10 by corrugations 49.

In the case according to Figure 6, the cutting net 10 is shot-concreted on both sides. This causes the strength of the vault to increase as the thickness increases. At the same time, for example, a steel mesh is protected against corrosion.

In Fig. 7, a vault-shaped net element 10 with stiffening folds 49 is lifted on top of the finished sensors 45 by means of a crane 52. The interconnected sensors 45 have previously been made on the ground 23.

In Fig. 8, stiffening reinforcements 100 are attached to the mesh elements, which may be, for example, mesh gutters. At the beginning of the spraying work, they can first be sprayed full of concrete while the structure is still light. Once the concrete has hardened, structural reinforcements are created. With the diagonal stiffening reinforcements 100, the loads of the vault can be easily transferred, e.g. to the piles 60 on a soft ground.

In Fig. 9, shotcreting is efficiently performed from a machine with remote control on parallel mesh elements. Concreting can be performed in layers so that the strength of the structure increases as the previous concrete layers harden in stages. The weight and strength of the structure are increased at the same rate.

In the case according to Fig. 10, shotcreting can be performed e.g. on a profiled metal plate 1.

In the situation according to Fig. 11, two vaulted cavities 92 are formed in parallel in the road structure 96 by shot concreting. The horizontal stresses of the concrete shells 6 in the plane of the foundations are caused to face each other at the center.

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In the case according to Figure 12, protrusions supporting the noise structure and the superstructure have been added to the vaulted shell structure 6, for example by shotcreting.

In the case of Figures 13 and 14, the cavities 92 are arranged in parallel, so that in the plane of the foundations the horizontal forces substantially cancel each other out. Cavities transverse to the road can act, for example, as underpasses or bridges, storage areas, etc.

In Figures 15 and 16, an empty space 92 is placed below the street area, e.g. for traffic, pipes 26, 26a or other devices.

In Figures 17 and 18, the base of the road is also taken for traffic needs, e.g. in cramped downtown areas, where there is not enough space for large parking areas or multi-lane roads.

In Figures 19, 20 and 21, an egg-like void space 92 is formed in the body of the road 55. The ovoid shape is stress-preferable. At the beginning, concreting can be performed, for example, against the ground 23. The necessary mesh or plate elements are used as the spray platform for the top. The necessary protrusions can also be easily made by shotcreting. If desired, a circular shape or other shape may be used instead of an egg shape in the cavity 92.

The main object of the present invention is to make the hollow road body as light as possible and with minimal human labor. The method according to the invention can be used to make structures with high load-bearing capacity and bending stiffness.

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Claims (11)

Method for building a road bed (96), by forming in the road bed (96) one or more arch-like hollows (92) within the concrete shell (6), characterized in that said concrete shell (6) is made by spray concrete (4) so that , that one or more support reinforcements (100) are sprayed in connection with the shell structure (6), which is sprayed at the beginning of the spraying work, since the construction is still light. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a mesh (10) or a profiled molding plate (1) is mounted in a vault-like form and spray concrete is applied over the surface of the mesh (10) or the profiled molding plate (1). 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, as a mesh (10), a metal mesh made so-called batting net is used, in which stiffening folds (49) are made. 4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The fact that the web (10) or the profiled molding sheet (1) used as a concrete foundation has been bent into a vault-like form by pre-fabrication. 5. A method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the net (10) or the profiled mold plate (1) used as a concrete foundation has been stiffened by a cross-stiffening (86). Method according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that a concrete background (27) is placed behind the net (10). 7. A method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the net (10) or the profiled mold board (1) used as a concrete foundation has been made substantially impervious to the concrete. 10 90106 9. A method according to any of claims 1-8, characterized in that the shell structure is made at least partially pleated. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that two or more arch-like halves (92) are made side by side to at least partially bring the horizontal stresses of the concrete shells (6) against each other. Use of a road bed prepared by a method according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the road bed is used as a traffic tunnel; a parking space; an entertainment hall; a conduit; a population protection; one layer; a water center or a bridge. II