WO1993000797A1 - Milieu de croissance - Google Patents

Milieu de croissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993000797A1
WO1993000797A1 PCT/DK1992/000211 DK9200211W WO9300797A1 WO 1993000797 A1 WO1993000797 A1 WO 1993000797A1 DK 9200211 W DK9200211 W DK 9200211W WO 9300797 A1 WO9300797 A1 WO 9300797A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clay
weight
growing medium
mineral
medium according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1992/000211
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lars Hansen
Original Assignee
Grodania A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grodania A/S filed Critical Grodania A/S
Publication of WO1993000797A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993000797A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/18—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing inorganic fibres, e.g. mineral wool
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
    • A01G24/42—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure of granular or aggregated structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a growing medium containing mineral fibres and granulated expanded mineral secured in a three-dimen- sional matrix with cured binder.
  • Sphagnum or peat-based products necessarily undergo biological conversion and decomposition processes when used as plant growing media. Such decomposition deprives the products of any lasting structural stability and therefore cultivation control problems (pH and conductivity control as well as watering control) are often encountered.
  • the cultivation control problems associated with sphagnum or peat- based products are therefore particularly obvious in case of crops requiring a protracted cultivation period and in unstable weather conditions where the fertilizer and water dosage must be adapted to the needs of the crop.
  • the collapse in sphagnum or peat-based products may, depending on the origin of the materials and the cultivation period of the plants, result in a reduction of as much as 30-40% of its physical volume at the start of the cultivation, without the total water content and the water available in the growing medium being reduced accordingly.
  • Mineral fiber-containing growing media are not yet commonly used in the growing of greenhouse potted plants due to the insufficient water retention and cationic exchange properties that characterize the mineral fibre products used as plant growing media. Plants grown in a mineral fibre matrix of purely mineral fibres will have low transportation tolerance as they require stable and accurate sup ⁇ plies of water and fertilizer, and thus the retail prospects for potted plants grown in purely mineral fibres to be sold to the average consumer are very restricted.
  • DE 40 17 334 Al discloses a substrate for potted plants comprising 90-95% of granulated lava, pumice or burnt clay having a particle size of from 2 to 6 mm admixed with water penetration inhibiting mineral fibres and a swellable copolymer.
  • the mineral fibres are constituted of comminuted rock wool in an amount of from 4% to 9%. It is stated that the medium provides an optimum oxygen supply for the plant roots and that the rock wool fibres impart homogeneity to the medium.
  • EP,A1,350132 discloses an agro-plug for the germination of seeds and for transplantation and it consists of a homogeneous mixture of mineral wool and an inorganic soil comprising a mixture of clay, silt and sand.
  • the agro-plug is produced from an aqueous slurry composed of the various components and a flocculant so that a homogeneous mixture is precipitated.
  • the volume weight of the agro-plug is comprised between 250 and 1100 kg/m 3 , preferably between 500 and 850 kg/m 3 .
  • Growing media having a volume weight in their dry condition of more than 250-300 kg/m 3 is unsuitable for the growing of potted plants, and the production of growing media from aqueous slurries are energy intensive and thus associated with relatively high costs.
  • EP 156 786 A2 discloses a growing element comprising a mass of particles wherein the particles are bound to each other in a limited number of contact points.
  • the particles may i.a. be expanded perli- te, expanded vermiculite or expanded clay, optionally in admixture with mineral fibres.
  • the fibres are bound with gelling water-absorb ⁇ ent polyacrylamide. To enhance the polymerisation of polyacrylamide up to 10% of bentonite may be used.
  • CEC cation exchange capacity
  • growing medium according to the invention which growing medium is characterized in comprising more than or equal to 30 % by weight of dried granulated clay and from 0.01 to 10 % by weight of binder.
  • the growing medium according to the invention may be produced by admixing granulated mineral fibre material, optionally comprising a binder, with uncured binder and optionally anionic tenside and the additive in a mixer before the mixture is shaped or collected on a conveyor belt and cured.
  • the mineral fibres are mixed with the additive by the latter being blown into a mineral fibre flow simultaneously with or immediately follow ⁇ ing its formation by the throwing off of fibres from a spinning wheel and the addition of uncured binder and optionally anionic tenside.
  • the mixture of mineral fibre, uncured binder and additives may option ⁇ ally be exposed to mechanical compression to obtain the desired volume weight.
  • a surface-active agent a tenside
  • the advantage asssociated with curing the mineral fibres to which a binder and optionally an anionic tenside is added following admix- ture with the additive, is that a cohesive mineral fibre matrix is obtained wherein the additive is distributed.
  • a growing medium may be produced having high structural stability and proper ⁇ ties preventing the sedimentation and/or washing out of the added particulate materials. Therefore the growing medium may be handled and shaped without loss of properties and, furthermore, it does not require further pretreatment prior to be taken into use by the consumer.
  • the cohesive mineral fibre matrix thus obtained may, after curing, be cut into boards of desired dimensions or into other shapes.
  • the growing medium according to the invention further provides a sterile growing medium thereby eliminating the risk of production loss due to the presence of weed and soil-borne diseases.
  • the term 'mineral fibres' comprises fibres produced from i.a. minerals (rock wool fibres), slags (slag wool fibres) and glass (glass wool fibres).
  • the mineral fibre material is water-absorbent and has a volume weight of between 10 and 150 kg/m 3 .
  • a cohesive mineral fibre matrix in this context consists of mineral fibres which are bounded to each other at points using a binder.
  • the granulated expanded mineral used in the process according to the invention comprises comminuted, burnt and/or expanded clay, such as clay tiles, expanded perlite, etc., having a particle size of from 1 to 10 mm, preferably of from 2 to 8 mm, and a preferred weight by volume of from about 300 to about 600 kg/m 3 .
  • the expanded clay and granulated dried clay used in the growing medium according to the invention comprises natural clay, clay soil and clay minerals, such as montmorillonite, vermiculite, illite, smectite, bentonite, caolinite, or moler or diacomaceous earth, preferably natural clay or clay soil having a montmorillonite content of more than 40 % by weight of the clay content, preferably having a volume weight of from 500 to 1500 kg/m 3 and preferably a particle size of from 1 to 10 mm, more preferably of from 2 to 8 mm.
  • natural clay, clay soil and clay minerals such as montmorillonite, vermiculite, illite, smectite, bentonite, caolinite, or moler or diacomaceous earth
  • natural clay or clay soil having a montmorillonite content of more than 40 % by weight of the clay content preferably having a volume weight of from 500 to 1500 kg/m 3 and preferably a particle size of from
  • the binder used is preferably hydrophobic and preferably a polyphe- nol resin which has optionally been made water-absorbent by the addition of additives, such as an anionic tenside.
  • additives such as an anionic tenside.
  • Polystyrenes, polyurethanes and polyethylenes may also be used as a binder.
  • the preferred volume weight of the growing medium produced in the invention is from 75 to 200 kg/m 3 , preferably of from 100 to 160 kg/m 3 .
  • the mineral fibre wool preferably constitutes from 20 to 50 % by weight
  • the expanded mineral constitutes from 20 to 40 % by weight
  • the dried clay constitutes from 30 to 50% % by weight
  • the binder constitutes from 0.01 to 10 % by weight and more preferably from 3 to 5 % by weight.
  • the water capacity at 0 cm suction pressure may be lowered from about 90 % by volume in a purely mineral fibre matrix to less than 85 % by volume of water. Thereby the risk of over- watering of the growing medium is minimized. It has further been found that the water retention is improved so that the rate at which the water is released from total water capacity is reduced relative to a mineral fibre matrix of purely mineral fibres with the result that the risk of the medium drying out is reduced and the wilting point is moved to a higher suction pressure. Concurrently the air capacity at 0 cm suction pressure has been increased by 65% from 5.2 % by volume to 8.6 % by volume.
  • Example 1 elucidates the above with regard to water capacity and water retention conditions.
  • the effect produced is probably due to the amended pore size di ⁇ stribution resulting from the large surface area of the additive material relative to its volume.
  • a purely mineral, bonded fibre wool contains little but large pores whereas the growing medium produced according to the invention comprises a spectre of pore sizes where the mineral fibre wool contributes with large pores, the expanded mineral with medium pores and the dried clay also contributes with fine pores.
  • This may be obtained partly as a consequence of the intrinsic properties of the expanded mineral and the dried clay, partly as a consequence of the preferred particle size of these materials, particles having a diameter of less than about 1 mm being less suitable as they emit dust during handling and are easily suspended. Particles having a diameter of more than 10 mm are also unsuitable, the space between them when packed being so wide that the capillary effect is broken.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the difference in pore size distribution between a purely mineral fibre growing medium and a clay soil.
  • phosphorus fertilizer is added to the dried granu ⁇ lated clay prior to use. This may preferably be effected with the use of triple phosphate or mono-ammonium phosphate in amounts corresponding to from 0.25 to 5.0 g/kg of clay, preferably from 0.5 to 2 g/kg of clay.
  • 100 g of mineral fibre matrix produced according to the invention having a volume weight of about 140 to 160 kg/m 3 and of a component distribution as follows: about 30 % by weight of mineral fibres, about 30 % by weight of dried clay (montmorillonite) and about 40 % by weight of expanded mineral, has a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of more than 30 meq/100 g mineral fibre matrix.
  • a corresponding mineral fibre matrix consisting of purely mineral fibres has a CEC of less than 0.5 meq/100 g matrix and a typically used sphagnum- based plant growing medium has a CEC of from 30 to 80 meq/100 g of substrate.
  • a 50-50 % by weight mixture of dried clay granulate and expanded clay mineral was added to medium fine, non-fertilized sphagnum which was initially sieved through a 19 mm sieve thereby achieving a loose volume weight of 130 g/1.
  • the addition of dried clay granulate and expanded clay mineral to sphagnum constitutes a total of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 % by weight of dried granulated clay.
  • the samples were filled into 1-liter standard pots (12 C) and soaked. Prior to soaking it was ensured that the products levelled with the top edge of the pot. Following soaking the collapse in the pots was measured.
  • bonded rock wool having a volume weight of 90-100 g/1 whereto was added a 50-50 % by weight mixture of dried clay granulate and expanded clay mineral was used.
  • the addition of dried clay granulate and clay mineral to the bonded rock wool constitutes a total of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 % by weight.
  • the growing medium produced according to the invention is preferably suitable for growing, transporting and shelving potted plants but the growing medium is also suitable for other uses, such a the growing of nursery stock plants in containers.
  • a test series of growing media consisting of pure hydrophilic mineral fibre wool having three different volume weights and two growing media according to the invention was produced, the two latter consisting of hydrophilic mineral fibre wool having a volume weight of 50.7 and 57.1 kg/m 3 , respectively, whereto was added a mixture of 50 % by weight of expanded clay having a particle size of from 1 to 4 mm and 50 % by weight of air dried granulated natural clay having a particle size of from 1 to 8 mm.
  • volume weight of additive kg/m 3 0 0 0 ab. 900 ab. 900
  • the growing media according to the invention (Tests Nos 4 and 5) have improved water content at suction pressures within the range of from -5 to -17.5 cm water column thereby levelling out the wilting point.
  • Test No. 5 with a total volume weight of 119.7 kg/m 3 has an indisputably higher water content at -17.5 cm water column than a purely mineral fibre medium.
  • the water capacity (at 0 cm water column) is lower in Tests Nos 4 and 5 as compared to Tests Nos 1, 2 and 3 and consequently the air capacities of the products of Tests 4 and 5 are improved.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)

Abstract

Milieu de croissance pour fibres minérales et minéral expansé et granulé comportant au moins 30 % en poids d'argile séchée et granulée, et de 0,01 à 10 % en poids d'un liant.
PCT/DK1992/000211 1991-07-02 1992-07-01 Milieu de croissance WO1993000797A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK911291A DK129191D0 (da) 1991-07-02 1991-07-02 Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af et mineralfiberholdigt dyrkningsmedium samt dyrkningsmedium fremstillet ved fremgangsmaaden
DK1291/91 1991-07-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993000797A1 true WO1993000797A1 (fr) 1993-01-21

Family

ID=8103189

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1992/000211 WO1993000797A1 (fr) 1991-07-02 1992-07-01 Milieu de croissance

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2311592A (fr)
DK (1) DK129191D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993000797A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0710437A1 (fr) * 1994-11-07 1996-05-08 Rockwool/ Grodan B.V. Substrat de croissance cohérent
WO1997016961A1 (fr) * 1995-11-10 1997-05-15 Rockwool/Grodan B.V. Substrat en laine minerale destine a des plantes
EP0980647A1 (fr) * 1998-08-14 2000-02-23 Rockwool International A/S Substrat de culture à base de laine minérale
WO2000060922A1 (fr) * 1999-04-14 2000-10-19 Visser's-Gravendeel Holding B.V. Composition de substrat rigidifiant et son procede de fabrication
EP1880598A1 (fr) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-23 Rockwool International A/S Substrats de croissance, leurs production et leur utilisation
EP1880596A1 (fr) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-23 Rockwool International A/S Substrats de croissance, leurs production et leur utilisation
EP1880597A1 (fr) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-23 Rockwool International A/S Substrats de croissance, leur production et leur utilisation
EP1880600A1 (fr) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-23 Rockwool International A/S Substrats de croissance, leur production et leur utilisation
EP2080431A1 (fr) 2008-01-18 2009-07-22 Rockwool International A/S Procédé pour la culture de plantes
JP2016198068A (ja) * 2015-04-14 2016-12-01 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 人工土壌培地の調整方法、及び観葉植物栽培方法
BE1024963B1 (nl) * 2017-06-30 2018-08-28 AcTerra NV Samenstelling geschikt als bodemsubstraat en gebruik van dergelijke samenstelling

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0156786A2 (fr) * 1984-03-19 1985-10-02 Dicalite Europe-Nord Elément poreux et perméable à l'eau pour la culture de plantes, ainsi que procédé de fabrication de cet élément
EP0350132A1 (fr) * 1988-07-07 1990-01-10 Rockwool Lapinus B.V. Bloc agraire, comme bouchon agraire
WO1991008662A1 (fr) * 1989-12-08 1991-06-27 Rockwool International A/S Milieu de culture de plantes contenant des fibres minerales

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0156786A2 (fr) * 1984-03-19 1985-10-02 Dicalite Europe-Nord Elément poreux et perméable à l'eau pour la culture de plantes, ainsi que procédé de fabrication de cet élément
EP0350132A1 (fr) * 1988-07-07 1990-01-10 Rockwool Lapinus B.V. Bloc agraire, comme bouchon agraire
WO1991008662A1 (fr) * 1989-12-08 1991-06-27 Rockwool International A/S Milieu de culture de plantes contenant des fibres minerales

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0710437A1 (fr) * 1994-11-07 1996-05-08 Rockwool/ Grodan B.V. Substrat de croissance cohérent
US6042630A (en) * 1994-11-07 2000-03-28 Rockwool/Grodan B.V. Coherent growth substrate
WO1997016961A1 (fr) * 1995-11-10 1997-05-15 Rockwool/Grodan B.V. Substrat en laine minerale destine a des plantes
US6183531B1 (en) 1995-11-10 2001-02-06 Rockwool/Grodan B.V. Mineral wool plant substrate
EP0980647A1 (fr) * 1998-08-14 2000-02-23 Rockwool International A/S Substrat de culture à base de laine minérale
WO2000008919A1 (fr) * 1998-08-14 2000-02-24 Rockwool International A/S Substrat en laine minerale destine a des plantes
US7104006B1 (en) 1998-08-14 2006-09-12 Rockwool International A/S Mineral wool plant substrate
WO2000060922A1 (fr) * 1999-04-14 2000-10-19 Visser's-Gravendeel Holding B.V. Composition de substrat rigidifiant et son procede de fabrication
US6678996B1 (en) 1999-04-14 2004-01-20 Visser's-Gravendeel Holding B.V. Composition of rigid growing substrate and method of producing same
EP1880596A1 (fr) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-23 Rockwool International A/S Substrats de croissance, leurs production et leur utilisation
EP1880598A1 (fr) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-23 Rockwool International A/S Substrats de croissance, leurs production et leur utilisation
EP1880597A1 (fr) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-23 Rockwool International A/S Substrats de croissance, leur production et leur utilisation
EP1880600A1 (fr) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-23 Rockwool International A/S Substrats de croissance, leur production et leur utilisation
WO2008009462A1 (fr) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Rockwool International A/S Procédé de culture de plantes
WO2008009460A1 (fr) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Rockwool International A/S Procédé de production de substrat de croissance
WO2008009465A1 (fr) * 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Rockwool International A/S Substrats de croissance, leur production et leur utilisation
WO2008009467A1 (fr) 2006-07-20 2008-01-24 Rockwool International A/S Procédé de culture de plantes
EA016293B1 (ru) * 2006-07-20 2012-03-30 Роквул Интернэшнл А/С Ростовые субстраты, их получение и их применение
EP2080431A1 (fr) 2008-01-18 2009-07-22 Rockwool International A/S Procédé pour la culture de plantes
WO2009090053A1 (fr) * 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Rockwool International A/S Procédé de croissance de plantes
JP2016198068A (ja) * 2015-04-14 2016-12-01 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 人工土壌培地の調整方法、及び観葉植物栽培方法
BE1024963B1 (nl) * 2017-06-30 2018-08-28 AcTerra NV Samenstelling geschikt als bodemsubstraat en gebruik van dergelijke samenstelling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2311592A (en) 1993-02-11
DK129191D0 (da) 1991-07-02

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