Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
  • F23G7/003—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for used articles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
  • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
  • F23G5/448—Waste feed arrangements in which the waste is fed in containers or the like
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
  • F42B33/06—Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombs
  • F42B33/067—Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombs by combustion
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
  • F23G2209/16—Warfare materials, e.g. ammunition
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
  • F23G2900/54001—Hearths or supports movable into and from the furnace, e.g. by a conveyor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for burning off explosives which are designed for burning at a burning point and in particular to such a method in a closed burning plant which has a burning reactor and a multiplicity of burning carriers which load the 'explosives outside the reactor and then are conveyed into the reactor by means of a conveying device to an ignition device for the explosives, from there they are transported further with the burning explosives within the reactor and are finally conveyed out of the reactor after the fire has ended.
• explosive substances is understood to mean solid or liquid substances which, when carrying out certain test methods, are heated to a certain extent by heating without complete solid inclusion or by an unusual stress due to impact or friction without additional heating are brought to a chemical reaction in which either high-tension gases are generated in such a short time that a sudden pressure effect is produced (explosion) or an effect occurs which is equivalent to the explosion in accordance with the relevant regulations.
• Explosive includes in particular the “explosive”. These are generally understood to mean solid, liquid and gelatinous substances and mixtures of substances which are produced for the purpose of blowing up or blowing up.
• the list in Rudolf Meyer “Explosiv”, 6th edition, page 127 et seq. Can serve as a guide to the groups of substances to be understood under the term “explosives”. They are predominantly characterized by their metastable state, on the basis of which they are capable of a rapid chemical decomposition reaction without the addition of further reaction partners, in particular without air-oxygen. Explosives can be present in the form of bulk goods of any grain size, buildup, in the form of bodies with defined dimensions (for example compacts) or as a filling compound in hollow bodies.
• the term "explosive substances” also includes those which have not been produced for the purpose of blowing up or shooting, for example organic peroxides as catalysts, gas-binding agents for "today's foam and plastics technology, and some pests
• organic peroxides as catalysts
• gas-binding agents for "today's foam and plastics technology
• some pests This includes, for example, the well-known "Thermit” mixture, which is understood to mean mixtures of aluminum and iron oxide which, under intense heat, convert to aluminum oxide and iron. This heat development is used, for example, for rail welding.
• Explosives are currently being disposed of due to the uncertainties associated with their handling for personnel and surrounding material by so-called burning off or by explosion of those substances.
• burning off since practically all explosives which are present in larger masses after the initiation of the chemical decomposition reactions, as already mentioned above, without the addition of a further reaction partner, and here in particular without the "burning" reaction.
• usual atmospheric oxygen continue to react.
• a parameter that is suitable for increasing the size of the combustion mass flow after the ignition of an openly designed explosive mass influence is unknown. It is therefore not possible to regulate the burning rate after the initiation of the burning of a freely designed explosive mass.
• the combustion reactor In order to protect the apparatuses and devices of the combustion plant mentioned, the combustion reactor is traversed between its entrance area and its exit area by a fresh air flow which is intended to cool down the exhaust gas mass flow before it arrives at the devices or apparatuses to be protected that are to be protected.
• a fresh air flow which is intended to cool down the exhaust gas mass flow before it arrives at the devices or apparatuses to be protected that are to be protected.
• the object of the present invention was accordingly to provide a method for burning off explosives of the type mentioned at the outset, by means of which a continuous and defined exhaust gas mass flow can be achieved during the burning.
• This object is achieved according to the invention with a method for burning off explosives which are designed for burning at a burning point, in that the explosives are arranged in a defined geometric shape with defined dimensions.
• z means the ratio of the volume of the spent propellant to the original volume before the burn-up; SA the "liveliness factor";
• the explosives are loaded outside the reactor and then loaded into the Reactor are transported to an ignition device for the explosives, from there they are transported with the burning explosives inside the reactor and are finally transported out of the reactor after the end of the burn-up, provided that the explosives on the burn-off carriers in one defined geometric shape with defined dimensions, and that the conveying speed of the erosion carrier and the time of ignition of the explosives is controlled as a function of a measurable quantity characterizing the mass flow of the exhaust gases, in particular the exhaust gas temperature.
• the combustion plant should be utilized evenly, that is, if the average exhaust gas temperature falls below a further combustion carrier, the combustion should be initialized.
• parts of the cleaning device or the air suction device downstream of the combustion reactor are to be protected from being destroyed by the high exhaust gas temperatures.
• the geometrical arrangement of the explosives on the combustion carrier generates a defined exhaust gas mass flow, which is then detected by the fresh air flow passing through the combustion reactor, for example to a value below 300 ° C. cooled down and fed to the downstream cleaning device by an appropriate suction device.
• the exhaust gas temperature for example in the exhaust port, is regulated by means of a corresponding control loop, the conveying speed of the combustion carrier, ie the respective provision of the next combustion carrier loaded with explosives, and the ignition time of the explosives in such a way that when the average exhaust temperature drops, the loaded combustion carriers are fed to the burners of the ignition device in quicker succession and also the lighting takes place more quickly. If, on the other hand, the exhaust gas temperature (cooled by the air flow) rises, the conveying speed of the combustion carrier to the igniter is slowed down and / or the ignition by the burners of the igniter is delayed.
• the conveying direction of the combustion carrier • runs with the air or gas flow through the combustion reactor.
• a homogeneous mixture of air, heat and reaction products is achieved on this long transport route. Since it is desirable to ensure that a gas mixture which is as thermally homogeneous as possible is thermally as homogeneous as possible at any location in the combustion reactor to protect against undesired burning or detonation of explosives, this development of the invention makes a considerable contribution to the operational safety of the combustion plant. ? With regard to the defined geometric shapes of the arrangement of the explosive to be burned off, two alternatives are given by way of example.
• the defined geometric shape consists in a meandering arrangement, and according to an alternative shape in a rectangular wave, with partition walls being particularly preferably arranged in the U-shaped bays that are formed, which prevent the burnup from spreading prematurely over one leg of the U -shaped partial arrangements on the other should prevent.
• FIG. 1 a and b) a top view of an erosion carrier on which the explosive is laid out in a meandering (FIG. 1 a) or in a square wave arrangement (FIG. 1 b);
• FIG. 1 a shows a plan view of an erosion carrier 5, which essentially consists of a chassis 9 with wheels 11 and a tub 10 mounted on the chassis.
• Explosive substance 1 of a meandering arrangement 2 is to be burned off on the tub floor, with partition walls 6 being arranged in the U-shaped bays between the explosive "caterpillars", which prevent the burn-up from one explosive caterpillar from spreading prematurely to the opposite one prevent.
• FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a burn-up reactor 8 which is passed through from left to right by a plurality of burn-off supports 5.
• the combustion carriers 5 standing in the entrance area 25 of the combustion reactor 8 are loaded with explosives to be burned off, while the trays 10 of the combustion carriers 5 located in the output region 26 of the combustion reactor 8 now only contain the solid or liquid reaction products which are transported out of the combustion reactor in the conveyor operation by means of the conveyor.
• the explosives in the trays 10 of the burn-off carriers in the middle of the burn-off reactor 8, i.e. in the burning area 18, are either being ignited by the ignition element 19 of an ignition device or are burning right away, which takes place in the range of seconds or minutes.
• the burn-off carriers 5 are conveyed further in the conveying direction, specifically in accordance with the need to ignite the explosive in the next trough depending on the exhaust-gas temperature.
• the burn-off area 18 of the reactor 8 is traversed by a fresh air flow 16 which is sucked into the burn-off reactor 8 by means of an air intake device (not shown here) via an intake port 14 and as an air / exhaust gas mixture 27 through the exhaust port 15 in the cleaning device connected to it (not shown) is transported.
• the air suction device also sucks fresh air into the combustion reactor 8 via the inlet passage 28 and the outlet passage 29, that is to say through the travel area of the burnup carriers 5 under their chassis.
• the air supplied is further cooled by further air flaps which are provided on the long sides of the reactor.
• the air flow 16 the temperature of which at the intake port 14 still corresponds to the ambient temperature outside the combustion reactor, is set to a defined temperature and to a defined air mass flow, so that the regulation of the conveying speed of the gas flow to be described below with reference to FIG
• the erosion carrier and the ignition time of the explosives are not falsified by the ignition element 19 as a function of the exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust nozzle 15.
• the air flow 16 mixes with the exhaust gases which are up to 3000 ° C. and rise from the tubs 10 of the burn-off carrier 5 when the explosives burn off.
• the temperature of the air / exhaust gas mixture in the extraction nozzle 15 is determined by the conveying speed of the combustion carriers or by the cycle speed of the ignition of the explosives and by their chosen geometric arrangement. The more explosive that is burned off per unit of time, the higher the exhaust gas temperature in the suction nozzle 15 will be at a constant temperature of the fresh air flow supplied.
• a blind 17 is used to ensure a defined and continuous fresh air exhaust gas flow 16, the slat positions of which can be adjusted and locked.
• the air flow 16 runs in the conveying direction of the erosion carriers 5.
• the control circuit contains a temperature sensor 23 arranged in the exhaust gas flow 27 , whose measurement results - the exhaust gas temperature according to its level and its time behavior - are evaluated in a controller 20 and act on the ignition device 22 or on the conveying speed of the combustion carrier 5 by means of corresponding (not shown) adjusting devices. //
• the supplied air flow 16 enters the combustion reactor 8 at a defined temperature and mixes within the combustion reactor 8 with the exhaust gases to form the exhaust gas flow 27, the temperature of which at the outlet of the combustion reactor is measured by the temperature sensor 23 becomes. Since the temperature of the exhaust gas flow 27 changes as a function of the amount of the explosive substances that are burning, the temperature of the exhaust gas flow 27 determines both the conveying speed of the combustion carriers 5 through the combustion reactor 8 and the ignition time of the explosives Ignition device 22 controls.
• the mass flow of the reaction products formed during the combustion of the explosives is determined and limited beforehand by the geometric shape of the arrangement of the explosives on the combustion carrier 5. Suitable measures within the combustion reactor 8 also ensure that there is a continuous fresh air / exhaust gas flow within the combustion reactor, the fresh air 16 supplied being intended to flow in as defined and evenly as possible.
• the controller 20 controls the conveying speed of the erosion carrier 5 and the cycle speed of the ignition device 22 in accordance with a program such that the exhaust gas flow 27 assumes a constant temperature at an adjustable level.
• the time at which the explosives are ignited can be selected by the control circuit in such a way that the mass flow of the reaction products which decreases at the end of a burn-up in addition to the increasing mass flow which arises at the start of a burn-up gives the nominal output of the combustion plant.
• the regulation according to the invention results in an exhaust gas flow 27 which can be kept practically constant with regard to its volume flow and its temperature and thus also with regard to its pollutant content. This is an essential prerequisite for the economic operation of an exhaust gas purification system, which is intended to bring about a defined emission reduction in accordance with the legal requirements.
• the present invention describes a possibility of influencing the progress of their combustion by means of a defined geometric shape of the arrangement of explosives to be burned off and thereby in particular generating a stream of gaseous reaction products defined in a wide range.
• the exhaust gas rising from the combustion carriers 5 is cooled down, for example, to a temperature below 300 ° C. and mixes with the exhaust gas to form an air / exhaust gas mixture 27.
• the temperature of this the mixture is significant, since the burnup of Explo ⁇ sivstoffen in a closed deflagration reactor in view of the increased risk of explosion of a highly accurate Kochwa ⁇ monitoring needs and further, the air suction device must be protected from 'overheating by the hot exhaust gases.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
• Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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Citations (1)

• 1991
  • 1991-05-10 DE DE4115232A patent/DE4115232C1/de not_active Revoked
• 1992
  • 1992-05-05 AU AU16512/92A patent/AU1651292A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1992-05-05 WO PCT/EP1992/000972 patent/WO1992020968A1/de active Application Filing
  • 1992-05-05 ZA ZA923232A patent/ZA923232B/xx unknown
  • 1992-05-06 YU YU48292A patent/YU48292A/sh unknown
  • 1992-05-07 PT PT100465A patent/PT100465A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1992-05-07 CN CN92103262A patent/CN1066726A/zh active Pending

Patent Citations (1)

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