Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
  • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
  • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
  • B29C64/135—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
  • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
  • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
  • B29C2035/0833—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using actinic light
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
  • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
  • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
  • B29C2035/0838—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using laser
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
  • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
  • B29C2791/008—Using vibrations during moulding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
  • B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
  • B29C33/60—Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
  • B29K2995/0072—Roughness, e.g. anti-slip
  • B29K2995/0073—Roughness, e.g. anti-slip smooth

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and a device for producing a three-dimensional object according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 10.
• Fig.l is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the embodiment according to Fig.l
• FIG. 3 shows an enlarged sectional illustration of an embodiment of the body used in the device of FIGS. 1 and 2;
• a container 1 which is open on its upper side, is filled to a level or a surface 2 with a light-curable, liquid plastic 3.
• a carrier 4 In the container in the area of the plastic 3 there is a carrier 4 with an essentially flat and horizontal carrier plate 5 which is arranged parallel to the surface 2 and by means of a schematically indicated displacement or height adjustment device 6 perpendicular to the surface 2 or to the support plate 5 can be moved up and down and positioned.
• the object 7 On the support plate 5 is the object 7, which is constructed from a plurality of layers 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d, each extending parallel to the surface 2 and to the support plate 5, in the manner described later.
• a translucent body 8 in the form of a channel 9 which is open at the top is provided on the open top of the container 1.
• the channel 9 consists of a translucent bottom area 10 and lateral edge regions 11, 12 projecting obliquely outwards and upwards therefrom.
• the bottom area is essentially flat and is formed from a material that does not adhere to the plastic 3.
• PTFE is preferably selected for this purpose, but polyethylene or quartz glass or a similar material which is permeable to light or UV radiation can also be used.
• the edge regions 11, 12 can likewise either be formed from such a non-adhesive material or be coated with such a non-adhesive material.
• the channel 9 extends over the open upper region of the container 1 at such a height above the container base that the base region 10 is at a height below the surface 2 and the upper edges of the container Edge regions 11, 12 are arranged above the surface 2, that is to say the channel 9 is immersed in the plastic 3 from above.
• End plates 13, 14 are also provided at both ends of the channel, which prevent the plastic from penetrating into the cavity of the channel 9 from the sides.
• the gutter " 9 is mounted in the manner indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2 on a support device 15 such that the gutter 9 in a plane parallel to the support plate 5 and to the surface 2 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the gutter 9 over the open top the container may ⁇ be erschoben. for this purpose, for example, each end of the channel to be slidably mounted on a guide extending parallel to or along the an ⁇ adjacent container wall guide rail 16,17. 9 the displacement takes place via a shifter 18 with a drive 19, which can be designed, for example, in the form of a spindle, cable or chain device known per se for stepless parallel displacement of the channel 9.
• the solidification device 20 for radiography the channel 9 provided with light.
• the solidification device 20 has an illumination device 21 with a light source 22, which generates a bundled light beam 24 via an optical system 23.
• a UV light source, a laser or other light sources which can cause the plastic 3 to polymerize can be used as the light source 22.
• a deflection mirror 25 is provided approximately in the middle above the container 1, which is gimbally suspended and can be pivoted by a schematically indicated pivoting device 26 such that the light beam 24 directed at the mirror 25 is reflected by the mirror 25 as a reflected light beam 27 at each point Surface 2 can be positioned.
• a computer 28 is provided which is coupled to the lighting device 21, to the swivel device 26, to the displacement device 18 and to the height adjustment device 6 for carrying out the steps described below.
• data about the shape of the object 7 are first created or stored in the computer 28 on the basis of a construction program or the like. These data are prepared for the production of the object 7 in such a way that the object is broken down into a multiplicity of horizontal layers which are thin in comparison to the object dimension and the shape data, for example in the form of data records, e.g. CAD data are provided for each layer 7a ... 7d of this large number of layers.
• the creation and preparation of the data for each layer can take place before the production or at the same time as the production of each layer.
• the container is then filled with plastic 3 to such an extent that the free surface 2 of the plastic bath is higher than the bottom area 10 of the channel 9, but lower than the upper edge of the edge areas 11, 12.
• the amount by which the channel dips into plastic 3 from above (which is shown in FIG. indicated immersion depth d), is chosen so that unevenness of the surface 2 is safely above the underside of the bottom region 10 during operation.
• the computer 28 controls the height adjustment device 6 such that there is a distance between the top of the carrier plate 5 and the underside of the bottom region 10 that corresponds precisely to the intended thickness of the first layer 7a.
• the shifting device 18 is moved into a starting position, preferably at a lateral edge of the layer to be produced, and then horizontally or continuously by the computer in the shifting direction horizontally over the area of the carrier plate 5 on which the first layer is produced.
• the computer 28 controls the illuminating device 21 and the swiveling device 26 in such a way that the light beam 27 in the manner indicated in FIG Place the liquid plastic layer between the base area 10 and the carrier plate 5.
• the trough When the trough is advanced step by step, it is shifted from the first shifting position by a distance corresponding to the shape data to a new position and the deflecting mirror is moved by the computer by means of the swiveling device 26 pivoted accordingly so that when the next row is exposed while the channel is stationary, the reflected light beam again strikes the plastic 3 through the bottom area 10 of the channel.
• the lateral swiveling of the light beam can take place in such a way that the points to be solidified are approached in a targeted manner and faded out in between or driven at a higher speed.
• the computer 28 moves the channel 9 back to the starting position and lowers the support plate 5 via the height adjustment device 6 to such an extent that now between the top of the first layer 7a and the bottom of the bottom region 10 there is a distance corresponding to the thickness of the second layer 7b. Then the second layer 7b is solidified in the same manner as the first layer 7a. The other layers are then produced analogously.
• the liquid plastic 3 flows from the edges of the layer to the center and initially forms a liquid layer with a thickness that decreases towards the center.
• This irregularity in the layer thickness compensates more or less quickly, depending on the viscosity of the plastic. In the method described, however, this irregularity is irrelevant as long as it does not exceed the immersion dimension d at any point. However, this is already significant, "is present ahout the case, as a required for the known method a uniform layer thickness. Thus, a considerable acceleration results in the process.
• Unregel bugs ⁇ are ßtechniken the layer thickness without affecting the JSxaktheit during the solidification of a layer of the Layer thickness and thus the shape of the object 7, since the lateral displacement of the channel immersed in the plastic always ensures an exact layer thickness.
• the body is 8 formed as a hollow body in the form of a downwardly open channel 29, which is arranged relative to the container 1 in the same way as the channel 9.
• the channel 29 has a light-permeable or radiation-permeable upper side 30 and on both sides thereof a downwardly protruding edge region 31, 32, the lower ends of which are arranged below the surface 2 and therefore protrude into the plastic 3.
• the upper side 30 and the edge regions 31, 32 thus form a cavity 33 which, on its underside immersed in the plastic, has a slot-like opening 34 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the channel 29 and is closed at the bottom by the plastic 3.
• the cavity 33 is connected to a supply 37 for inert gas, preferably nitrogen, via a line 35 and a pressure regulator 36.
• a liquid which is immiscible and does not react with the material 3 can also be selected.
• the height adjustment device 6 is actuated in such a way that the distance between the lower edge of the edge regions 31, 32 is slightly larger than the thickness of the layer to be consolidated (and preferably by an amount of 0.01 to 0.1mm).
• the pressure in the cavity 33 is now adjusted or regulated with the aid of the regulator 36 such that the interface 38 between the gas in the cavity and the plastic 3 is arched out of the cavity downward by the same amount. This has the consequence that in the focus 39 of the light beam 27 entering through the upper side 30, the layer thickness of the liquid plastic corresponds exactly to the thickness of the layer to be solidified and can thus be solidified.
• the lower edge of the edge regions 31, 32 remains at a corresponding distance above the upper side 40 of the solidified layer with each movement, so that sticking of the channel to the object is avoided.
• the movement of the channel 29 and the consolidation of successive layers then take place in the same way as in the embodiment in FIG. 3.
• the described device and the method are possible.
• plastic or metal powder can also be used and solidified by the action of light or laser (laser sintering).
• the material can also be solidified by other forms of electromagnetic radiation or thermal radiation.
• the level of the plastic surface 2 together with the channel 9 or 29 or the body 8 can also be raised accordingly.
• the channel itself can also be formed in one piece from a radiation-permeable material and in other cross-sectional shapes, for example semicircular or rectangular, and be inclined or tilted or provided with different edge areas, so that one of the edge areas, preferably the front area in the feed direction, further immersed in the material 3. It is also possible to omit the base region 10 or the top side 30, so that the body 8 consists only of two profiles which extend transversely across the container and which are so small, preferably smaller, on their underside which dips into the material than 1mm, have that the material 3 due to its surface tension not in the. Space between the profiles occurs.
• the method according to the invention can also be carried out with a single profile of this type if the radiation action for solidification is carried out on the rear side in the displacement direction of the profile in the region formed there during the displacement with the surface 2 lowered, that is to say directly adjacent to the profile .
• the non-stick coating can be obtained by choosing the material of the channel or by means of appropriate coatings, coatings, foils, etc.
• the body 8 can be vibrated by means of a vibration device, for example an ultrasound source, in order to reduce the adhesion.
• a vibration device for example an ultrasound source
• the distance of the base region 10 of the carrier plate 5 or the preceding layer is selected to be slightly larger than the layer thickness of the layer to be solidified, so that a thin liquid film remains underneath the base region 10.
• the exact layer thickness is obtained by adjusting the focus of the light beam 24, 27 by a corresponding amount below the underside of the floor area, which acts as a reference surface.
• the scanner consisting of light source 22 and deflecting mirror 25 on channel 9 or 29 or to couple it to displacement device 18, so that light beam 24, 27 is deflected only in the longitudinal direction of channel 9 or 29 got to.
• one or more glass fiber light guides can also be used, which are either shifted along the channel or the body accordingly or at a plurality of locations along the channel corresponding to the shape data or the body are firmly attached, so that a displacement in the longitudinal direction of the channel or the body is no longer necessary.
• Permanently installed light sources are also possible at these points of the channel or the body.
• the body 8 can also be cup-shaped with an open top according to the embodiment according to FIG.

Landscapes

• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6428814

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (4)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1991
  • 1991-04-04 DE DE4110903A patent/DE4110903A1/de active Granted
• 1992
  • 1992-03-27 WO PCT/EP1992/000689 patent/WO1992017329A1/de active Application Filing

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events