Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
  • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
  • C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
  • C08K7/14—Glass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
  • C08F283/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polymers containing more than one epoxy radical per molecule
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
  • C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/08—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
  • Y10T428/23957—Particular shape or structure of pile
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
  • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
  • Y10T428/249948—Fiber is precoated
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
  • Y10T428/31859—Next to an aldehyde or ketone condensation product
  • Y10T428/31877—Phenol-aldehyde

Definitions

• This invention relates to glass-reinforced thermoplastics.
• Polyolefins tend to have excellent physical and chemical properties. Improvement of polymer properties is a dominant factor in the development and production of olefin polymers. Several methods have been employed to improve various polymer
• reinforcing agents such as glass fibers
• glass fibers can be incorporated into the polymer to improve the mechanical properties and/or the heat resistance of the polymer.
• merely mixing the glass fibers and the polyolefins together can result in weak bonding between the glass fibers and the polyolefin.
• One solution is to have a more bondable component grafted onto the polymers to facilitate reinforcement with glass fibers and other generally infusible reinforcing agents.
• Polymers with relatively high melting points such as stereoregular polymers of branched, higher alpha-olefins, have been developed. These polymers are useful in high temperature applications, such as microwave packaging. Improving the
• a coupling agent that provides better adhesion between the glass fiber strand and the polymeric materials that are reinforced with the glass fiber strand
• other additives such as emulsifiers, wetting agents, nucleating agents, and the like.
• Various sizing compositions have been developed for glass fiber reinforcements to provide improved adhesion between various polymeric materials and the glass fiber. Sizing compositions are known for treating glass fibers for improved adhesion between the glass fiber strand and relatively low melting point polyolefins, such as polyethylene and polypropylene. The polyolefin may be modified partially or entirely with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof.
• the prior art does not teach sizing compositions for treating glass fibers for improved adhesion between glass fibers and stereoregular polymers of branched, higher alpha-olefins or stereoregular polymers of branched, higher alpha-olefins which have been modified with
• thermoplastic materials from which products with improved properties can be made.
• a grafting compound selected from the group consisting of vinyl-polymerizable, unsaturated, hydrolyzable silanes; carboxylic acids;
• Exemplary monomers include, but are not limited to, 3-methyl-1-butene (3MB1), 3-methyl-1-pentene (3NP1), 4-methyl-1-pentene (4MP1), 4-methyl-1-hexene (4MH1), 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene (3,3DHB1), 4,4-dimethyl-1-hexene (4,4DHH1), 3-ethyl-1-hexene (3EH1) and other similar monomers.
• polymers of 4NP1, also called polymethylpentene (PMP), and 3MB1, also called polymethylbutene (PMB), are utilized in this invention. Table I gives the approximate melting point of each homopolymer listed above. TABLE I
• the polymer in general, it is preferred for the polymer to comprise at least about 85 mole percent moieties derived from higher, branched alpha-olefins, and more preferably, at least about 90 mole percent moieties derived from higher, branched alpha-olefins. Most preferably, the polymer comprises at least about 95 mole percent moieties derived from higher, branched alpha-olefins, which results in a polymer of superior strength and a high melting point.
• the polymer After the polymer has been produced, it is essential, according to this invention, that the polymer be given a prophylactic charge with a
• the hindered phenol antioxidant used for the prophylactic charge is selected from the group consisting of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; tetrakis(methylene 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate)methane;
• any additive can be combined with the polymer according to any method known in the art.
• incorporation methods include, but are not limited to, dry mixing in the form of a powder and wet mixing in the form of a solution or slurry.
• the polymer can be in any form, such as, for example, fluff, powder, granulate, pellet, solution, slurry, and/or emulsion.
• the initial prophylactic charge of hindered phenol is usually solution or slurry mixed with the polymer prior to drying and handling of the polymer.
• Any additional stabilizers or additives can be blended with the polymer prior to grafting, added to the polymer melt during the grafting or glass reinforcing process, and/or added during reprocessing of the grafted, glass reinforced polymer.
• Suitable silanes of this type include those represented by the formula:
• inventions include, but are not limited to, 3-acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane,
• vinyltriacetoxysilane 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltris(beta-methoxyethoxy)silane and mixtures thereof.
• the preferred silane compounds are vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltriethoxysilane,
• an unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride such as maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, allyl succinic anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, Nadic anhydride (Trademark for norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride), methyl Nadic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, or
• methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride; or a mixture of two or more thereof.
• unsaturated carboxylic acids and acid anhydrides thereof maleic acid, maleic anhydride, muconic acid, Nadic acid, methyl Nadic acid, methyl Nadic anhydride, or Nadic
• anhydride is preferably used.
• grafting compounds used in this invention have similar .amounts of
• the grafting reaction must occur in the presence of a free radical generator, also called a free radical initiator.
• a free radical generator also called a free radical initiator.
• An organic peroxide is preferably used as the free radical initiator in the graft modification reaction as described above. More specifically, preferred examples of an organic peroxide include, but are not limited to, alkyl peroxides, aryl peroxides, acyl peroxides, aroyl peroxides, ketone peroxides, peroxycarbonates, peroxycarboxylates, hydroperoxides, and other organic peroxides.
• Examples of a ketone peroxide include methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and cyclohexanone peroxide.
• Examples of hydroperoxide include tert-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide.
• Preferred examples of a free radical initiator are di-tert-butyl peroxide; 2,5- dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexyne-3; 2,5- dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butyl-peroxy)hexane, dicumyl peroxide; a,a'-bis(tert- butylperoxy)diisopropylbenzene; and mixtures thereof.
• Higher molecular weight organic peroxide compounds are preferred because they are safer and easier to handle and store, as well as being more stable at higher temperatures.
• the organic peroxide is present in the grafting reaction in an amount sufficient to
• the amount is in the range of about 0.001 to about 5 parts of organic peroxide per 100 parts per polymer (phr), preferably in the range of about 0.001 to about 1 phr, and most preferably in the range of about 0.005 to about 0.4 phr. Too much organic peroxide can still initiate the grafting reaction, but polymer degradation, such as vis-breaking of the polymer, can occur. A concentration of organic peroxide which is too low does not initiate the grafting reaction.
• the grafting reaction must occur in the polymer melt.
• the temperature of the reaction is in the range from about the polymer melting point to about the polymer decomposition temperature.
• the reaction temperature is in the range from about 20oC. above the polymer melting point to about the decomposition temperature of the polymer. Most preferably, the lower end of the temperature range is utilized to minimize any thermal degradation effects to the polymer.
• the time required for the grafting reaction is a length sufficient for the grafting to occur.
• the time is in the range of about 10 seconds to about 30 hours, preferably in the range of from about 15 seconds to about 3 hours. Most preferably, the reaction time is in the range of from about 30 seconds to about 10 minutes. Shorter times, such as less than 5 minutes, are preferred to minimize thermal degradation effects to the polymer.
• One example of a continuous process is to add the polymer(s), stabilizer(s), grafting
• the glass fiber reinforcement improves the properties, such as, for example, the mechanical and thermal properties, of the polymer.
• the diameter of the glass fiber is preferably less than 20 micrometers ( ⁇ m), but may vary from about 3 to about 30 Pm. Glass fiber diameters are usually given a letter designation between A and Z. The most common diameters used in glass reinforced thermoplastics are G-filament (about 9 um) and K-filament (about 13 ⁇ m). Several forms of glass fiber products can be used for reinforcing thermoplastics. These include yarn, woven fabrics, continuous roving, chopped strand, mats, etc.
• Continuous filament strands are generally cut into lengths of 1/8, 3/16, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and 1 inch or longer for compounding efficacy in various processes and products.
• Any fiberous silicon oxide material can be used.
• types of glass include, but are not limited to, type A glass (an alkali glass), type E glass (a boroaluminosilicate), type C glass (a calcium aluminosilicate), and type S glass (a high- strengthglass).
• Type E glass is presently preferred due to economic reasons and commercial availability.
• reinforcement material in thermoplastics are usually sized during either the fiber formation process or in a posttreatment, and thus are sold with sizing materials already incorporated.
• the amount of sizing on the glass fiber product typically ranges from about 0.2 to about 1.5 weight percent based on total weight of the glass and the sizing, although loadings up to 10 percent may be added to mat products.
• thermoplastic ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer
• the compositions are usually proprietary and many are not disclosed by the manufacturers.
• the sizing compositions usually contain a lubricant, which provides protection for the glass fiber strand; a film-former or binder which gives the glass strand integrity and workability; and a
• the coupling agent is usually a silane coupling agent that has a hydrolyzable moiety for bonding to the glass and a reactive organic moiety that is compatible with the polymeric material which is to be reinforced with the glass fibers.
• the sizing compositions for use in this invention include those which have as an ingredient: (a) one or more epoxy-functional silanes as a
• One such glass fiber reinforcement is produced by CertainTeed Corporation of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, and marketed under the trade designation of Chopped Strand 930, K-filament glass fibers. This glass is marketed for use in polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate and
• PPG Industries, Inc. of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and marketed under the trade designation Type 1156 Chopped Strand, G-filament glass fibers.
• PPG Type 1156 glass is marketed for use in thermoset resin systems such as phenolic, epoxy, DAP (diallyl phthalate), and
• polyfunctional epoxy resins or, (c) a mixture of one or more epoxy-functional silanes and one or more polyfunctional epoxy resins is blended with the polymer prior to grafting, and/or added to the polymer melt during the grafting, and/or added during reprocessing of the grafted, glass reinforced
• Epoxy-functional silanes and polyfunctional epoxy resins contemplated as useful in this invention are described in greater detail in the next two sections.
• the glass fibers can be added any time during processing after the polymer has been
• polymer stabilizer(s), grafting compound(s), free radical generator(s), commercially available glass fibers, and optionally, polyfunctional epoxy resin(s) and/or epoxy-functional silane(s) to an extruder.
• the components can be added in any order. For example, all
• the reactants can be added sequentially; for example, the grafting reaction occurs first within the presence of the polyfunctional epoxy resin(s) and/or epoxy-functional silane(s), and additional stabilizer(s) and then glass fibers are added downstream in the extruder after the grafting reaction has taken place. This latter example is the presently preferred process.
• epoxysilanes contemplated as useful in making the compositions of this invention include epoxysilanes within the formula:
• X is (a) a linear or branched alkylene, arylene or arylalkylene hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, or (b) a chlorine atom;
• R is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms
• n is an integer of 1 to 3.
• epoxy-functional silanes are 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3- glycidoxypropyldimethylethoxysilane; [2-(3,4-epoxy-4- methylcyclohexyl)propyl]methyldiethoxysilane beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3- glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 2- glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and mixtures of the foregoing epoxy-functional silanes.
• the presently most preferred epoxy-functional silanes are 3- glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane which is commercially available from the Union Carbide Corporation under the trade designation A-187, and beta-(3,4- epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, which is available from the Union Carbide Corporation under the trade designation A-186.
• a technical/modified grade of 3- glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is commercially available from Union Carbide Corporation under the trade designation Ucarsil TM TC-100 organosilicon chemical.
• epoxy resin refers to materials which contain an epoxy or oxirane group.
• Polyfunctional epoxy resins contemplated as useful in this invention are compounds having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule.
• the most common commercial epoxy resins are based on combining bisphenol A and excess epichlorohydrin to form liquid polymers with epoxy end-groups.
• Liquid epoxy resins can be further reacted with bisphenol A by chain extension to form solid resins of higher molecular weight.
• Other intermediate-molecular-weight epoxy resins can be prepared by chain extension of liquid epoxy resins and brominated bisphenol A.
• Epoxy resins are also based on aliphatic backbone structures, such as, for example polyglycidyl ethers of 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, or higher functionality polyols.
• epoxy resins include the multifunctional epoxy phenol and cresol novalacs, which are based on phenol or cresol and formaldehyde and subsequent epoxidation with epichlorohydrin.
• polyfunctional epoxy reins include, but are not limited to,
• polyglycidol ethers of polyols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane, and sorbitol; triglycidyl isocyanurate, N-methyl-N',N"-diglycidyl isocyanurate, and triglycidyl cyanurate.
• the presently preferred molecular weight of these polyfunctional epoxides is about 4,000 or less, though the molecular weight could be higher.
• the presently most preferred polyfunctional epoxy resin is a high softening point (solid)
• One or more of the epoxy resins is present in an amount sufficient to effectuate a desired change in the properties of articles made from the glass reinforced polymers.
• this amount is generally in the range of about 0.05 to about 5 parts by weight epoxy resin per hundred parts polymer (phr), more
• this amount is generally in the range of about 0.15 to about 2 weight percent based on total weight of the glass and the sizing.
• the polymethylpentene (PMP) used in the following examples was a homopolymer prepared from 4- methyl-1-pentene (4MP1) by conventional
• the undried polymer was stabilized immediately after polymerization by mixing the polymer with about 0.1% based on total resin of a solution of a hindered phenolic prophylactic
• Compound 1 is a silane grafted control example for comparison purposes.
• the drum tumbled polymer mixture described above was mixed by hand with 43.24 parts glass fiber reinforcement in a plastic bag (bag mixed) to produce a mixture with 30 weight percent glass fiber reinforcement.
• the glass reinforcement product used was a commercially
• 457BA available product sized for compatibility with polypropylene produced by Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation and designated 457BA.
• This product was also recommended by the manufacturer as appropriate for use in reinforcing stereoregular polymers of branched, higher alpha-olefins such as PMP.
• This glass is a K-filament diameter glass fiber with a 3/16-inch fiber length.
• the film-former in the sizing composition for 457 BA glass fibers is a carboxylic styrene-butadiene latex and that the coupling agent is an amino-functional silane (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), although the exact composition of the sizing is not disclosed by -the manufacturer.
• 457 BA glass fibers contain terephthalic acid as a
• the amount of sizing on the product is about 0.9 weight percent of the total product weight.
• the mixture was compounded on a Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK-30 twin screw extruder with a general purpose compounding barrel/screw
• the screw speed was 250 rpm and the temperature profile was 260-290oC. Throughput was 20 pounds per hour.
• the compound was stranded,
• the glass fiber reinforcement material used was not one generally recommended for use with polyolefins but was, instead, one recommended for use with polybutylene terephthalate (a thermoplastic polyester),
• the glass fiber reinforcement material used in this example was a commercial product from
• CertainTeed Corporation designated Chopped Strand 930. This is a K-filament diameter glass fiber with a 1/8-inch fiber length. It is believed that the sizing composition contains both a polyfunctional epoxy resin film-former and an epoxy-functional silane. It is further believed that the
• polyfunctional epoxy resin is a condensation product of bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin and that the epoxy-functional silane is 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, although the exact composition of the sizing is not disclosed by the manufacturer.
• the amount of sizing on the product is about 0.80 weight percent based on total weight of the sized glass.
• Example II The process described above for Example I was repeated with the exception that the glass fiber reinforcement material used was the Chopped Strand 930 glass fiber reinforcement material described above.
• the properties of test specimens molded from the resulting compound (Compound 2) are listed in Table III.
• glass fiber reinforcement with a sizing composition which includes both a polyfunctional epoxy resin and an epoxy-functional silane provides significantly better mechanical properties in test specimens molded from compounds of silane grafted, glass reinforced, stereoregular polymers of branched, higher alpha- olefins than glass reinforcements sized for
• the glass fiber reinforcement product used was not one generally recommended for use with polyolefins but was,
• Type 1156 Chopped Strand is a commercial product from PPG Industries, Inc., designated Type 1156 Chopped Strand. It is a G-filament diameter glass fiber with a 1/8-inch fiber length. Although the exact sizing composition is not disclosed by the manufacturer, it is believed that Type 1156 Chopped Strand contains both a polyfunctional epoxy resin film-former and an epoxy-functional silane. The amount of sizing on the product is about 1.15 weight percent based on total weight of the sized glass.
• Example 3 The process described above for Example I was repeated with the exception that the glass fiber reinforcement product was Type 1156 Chopped Strand.
• the properties of test specimens molded from the resulting compound (Compound 3) are listed in Table III.
• glass fiber reinforcement with a sizing composition which includes both a polyfunctional epoxy resin and an epoxy-functional silane provides significantly better mechanical properties in test specimens molded from compounds of silane grafted, glass reinforced, stereoregular polymers of branched, higher alpha- olefins than glass reinforcements sized for
• Compound 2 is due to the smaller filament diameter of the glass fiber reinforcement.
• an epoxy-functional silane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (UcarsilTM TC-100 available from Union Carbide
• Example II glass fiber of the type used in Example I, one sized for
• the PMP with additives was a drum tumbled mixture as described in the introduction to these examples.
• test specimens molded from Compound 4 are significantly better.
• Example II polypropylene which was used in Example I.
• the specific epoxy compound used was a bisphenol A extended bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin condensation product available from Shell Chemical Company as EponTM 1009F.
• EponTM 1009F The epoxide equivalent weight is approximately 2,500-4,000.
• the procedure was that of
• Example I with the polyfunctional epoxy resin included with the group of ingredients which were bag mixed.
• the following ingredients were bag mixed:
• the PMP with additives was a drum tumbled mixture as described in the introduction to these examples.
• test specimens molded from Compound 5 relative to the properties of those molded from Compound 1 which did not have a polyfunctional epoxy resin are significantly better.
• Example IV both the epoxy-functional silane used in Example IV and the epoxy resin used in Example V were used in conjunction with the glass fiber reinforcement sized for compatibility with polypropylene used in Example I.
• the procedures of Examples IV and V were repeated except that the ingredients and their relative weight levels were as follows:
• compositions for treating glass fibers which contain (a) one or more polyfunctional epoxy resins as a film-former, (b) one or more epoxy-functional silanes as a coupling agent or, (c) a mixture of one or more polyfunctional epoxy resins and one or more epoxy-functional silanes, provide improved adhesion between the glass fiber strand and silane grafted stereoregular polymers of branched, higher alpha-olefins.
• Compound 7 is a control example for comparison purposes.
• the following components were dry mixed for about 60 minutes at 25oC. (room temperature) by drum tumbling.
• This drum tumbled mixture was then mixed by hand with 43.37 parts glass fiber reinforcement in a plastic bag (bag mixed) to produce a mixture with 30 weight percent, based on weight of the polymer and
• the glass reinforcement product used was a commercially
• Example I available product sized for compatibility with polypropylene produced by Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation and designated 457 BA. This glass product was described in Example I above. The mixture was compounded, stranded, palletized and dried as described in Example I. The resulting compound was injection molded into ASTM test
• the glass fiber reinforcement material used was not one generally recommended for use with polyolefins but is, instead, one recommended for use with polybutylene
• the glass fiber reinforcement material used in this example was a commercial product from CertainTeed Corporation designated Chopped Strand 930. This glass fiber reinforcement material was described in Example II above.
• Example VII The process described above for Example VII was repeated with the exception that the glass fiber reinforcement material used was the Chopped Strand 930 glass fiber reinforcement material described in Example II.
• the properties of test specimens molded from the resulting compound (Compound 8) are listed in Table IV.
• polyolefins such as those used in Example VII above.
• an epoxy- functional silane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (UcarsilTM TC-100 available from Union Carbide
• Example VII glass fiber of the type used in Example VII, one sized for compatibility with polypropylene.
• the procedure was that of Example VII, with the epoxy-functional silane included with the group of ingredients which were bag mixed:
• OCF 457 BA glass fiber 43.45 parts
• the PMP with additives was a drum tumbled mixture as described in the introduction to these examples.
• Example VII polypropylene which was used in Example VII.
• the specific epoxy compound used was a bisphenol A extended bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin condensation product available from Shell Chemical Company
• EponTM 1009F EponTM 1009F.
• the epoxide equivalent weight is approximately 2,500-4,000.
• the procedure was that of Example VII, with the polyfunctional epoxy resin included with the group of ingredients which were bag mixed.
• the ingredients which were bag mixed were as follows:
• the PMP with additives was a drum tumbled mixture as described in the introduction to these examples.
• Example IX both the epoxy- functional silane used in Example IX and the epoxy resin used in Example X were used in conjunction with the glass fiber reinforcement sized for compatibility with polypropylene used in Example VII. Essentially, the procedures of Examples IX and X were repeated except that the ingredients were as follows:
• the PMP with additives was a drum tumbled mixture as described in the introduction to these examples.
• test specimens molded from Compound 11 The increase in properties of test specimens molded from Compound 11 relative to those of Compound 7 is again apparent.
• compositions for treating glass fibers which contain (a) one or more polyfunctional epoxy resins as a film-former, (b) one or more epoxy- functional silanes as a coupling agent or, (c) a mixture of one or more polyfunctional epoxy resins and one or more epoxy-functional silanes, provide improved adhesion between the glass fiber strand and maleic anhydride grafted stereoregular polymers of branched, higher alpha-olefins.
• the glass fiber reinforcement material used was not one generally recommended for use with polyolefins but is, instead, one recommended for use with polybutylene
• the glass fiber reinforcement material used in this example was a commercial product from
• CertainTeed Corporation designated Chopped Strand 930. This glass fiber reinforcement material was described in Example II above.
• Ciba-Geigy Corporation commercially from Ciba-Geigy Corporation as Irganox 1010), 0.50 phr muconic acid in the form of cis,cis 2,4-hexadienedioic acid (available commercially from Celgene Corporation) and 0.05 phr a,a'-bis(tert-butylperoxy)diisopropyl benzene (available from Ciba-Geigy Corporation as Irganox 1010), 0.50 phr muconic acid in the form of cis,cis 2,4-hexadienedioic acid (available commercially from Celgene Corporation) and 0.05 phr a,a'-bis(tert-butylperoxy)diisopropyl benzene (available from Ciba-Geigy Corporation as Irganox 1010), 0.50 phr muconic acid in the form of cis,cis 2,4
• Hercules, Inc. as Vulcup R). The components were dry mixed for about 60 minutes at about 25oC. (room temperature) by drum tumbling.
• Compound 2 was made using PMP grafted with an unsaturated hydrolyzable silane.
• Compound 8 was made using PMP grafted with a carboxylic acid.

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• 1992
  • 1992-03-19 WO PCT/US1992/002210 patent/WO1992016582A1/en not_active Ceased
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