Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
  • A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
  • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
  • A61B5/1077—Measuring of profiles
  • A61B5/1078—Measuring of profiles by moulding

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing impressions for the visualization of surface structures of deformable objects.
• Gypsum silicones, colloids, polyethers, waxes and other similar materials are used as impression materials.
• the impression material has to conform particularly well to the unevenness of the skin surface and deliver a detailed negative.
• Silicone rubbers described for this purpose for example J. Hatzis, Dermatologica 1991, 182, 172-177, and R. Saur, dermatologist, 1991, 42, 499-506.
• the invention thus relates to a method for producing impressions for making surface structures visible, in which a transparent, light-curing plastic is applied and hardened to deformable objects.
• the method according to the invention is suitable for making surface structures of any deformable objects visible. First and foremost, of course, the surfaces of the human body come into consideration. The application of the method according to the invention is also of interest for imaging the structures of the surfaces of animal bodies or of
• the silicone impressions shrink relatively strongly within the first 48 hours, so that it is necessary to immediately make second impressions from a different material.
• impressions produced according to the invention behave in a vacuum and under electron bombardment much more favorably than silicone impressions, so that the former are more suitable for electron microscopic examinations.
• Profilometric measurements of gold-coated surfaces of negative impressions produced according to the invention also lead to more accurate results.
• light-curing plastics are primarily known from dentistry. These are tooth filling compounds that contain the light-curing plastic, usually a very high proportion of filling material, and a photoinitiator or a photoinitiator system. These materials therefore do not serve as impression materials, but as filling materials.
• the problem here is that the light-curing plastics shrink during curing. The shrinkage of ethylenically unsaturated, polymerizable monomers based on acrylate is up to 4%.
• EP 89 100 951.6 describes the use of one of two photoinitiators standing photoinitiator system, which should counteract the shrinkage. With one photoinitiator using light of the appropriate wavelength, a pre-hardening of approx.
• the cells, dough plugs, hair, etc. that have been detached can be preserved in the impression material and can therefore be analyzed very well using light microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, they can also be stained without the impression material also staining, which is important for histological examinations. Also disrupt it does not itself when considering the impression, since, as already mentioned above, the observation can also be carried out in transmitted light.
• This advantage does not exist with the opaque impression materials used so far, since they can only be examined in reflected light and therefore partly not the surface shown, but only the underside of the detached cells, etc., can be seen.
• the most important advantage of the method according to the invention is, however, that in just a few minutes a detailed, translucent-microscopic and reflected-light microscopic analysis of deformable surfaces can be made in a very simple manner, the imaging accuracy of which surpasses all the impressions available with previously known methods .
• Ethylenically unsaturated, polymerizable monomers for example monomeric acrylates and methacrylates, are particularly suitable.
• acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols for example methyl and ethyl methacrylate
• esters of polyhydric alcohols such as triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, hexanediol di (meth) acrylate and trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate
• long-chain monomers according to UP Patent 3,066,112 based on bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate or their derivatives formed by addition of isocyanates are also suitable.
• Suitable photoinitiators are all photoinitiators known for curing light-curing plastics, which are preferably used in amounts of 0.05 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the plastic.
• Suitable photoinitiators which trigger the polymerization after irradiation with UV or visible light are, for example, benzoin alkyl ethers, benzil monoketals, acylphosphine oxides or aliphatic and aromatic 1,2-diketo compounds (for example camphorquinone).
• activators such as amines or organic phosphites, can be added together with the photoinitiators.
• the impression material according to the invention is applied in the usual way. Layer thicknesses of 1/2 mm up to 2-3 mm have proven themselves. The flow of the material can be prevented by a perforated, 2-3 mm high plaster.
• the exposure of the applied material to harden the plastic is also carried out in the usual equipment. It is only necessary to ensure that the light source is matched to the photoinitiator used, that is to say that the wavelength of the emitted light corresponds to the absorption behavior of the photoinitiator. Mixtures of photoinitiators that cover a broader absorption range make the process somewhat more independent of the light source to be used. Due to very short, multiple exposures (2-3 sec), which can be carried out at intervals (6-7 times) in succession, and a subsequent longer exposure time until the material cures further, only skin-compatible polymerization temperatures occur. Taking an impression takes approximately 10-15 minutes in the case of larger layer thicknesses and only a few minutes in the case of smaller layer thicknesses.
• Layer thicknesses of 1/2 - 3 mm height ensure a stable, mechanically resilient, easily removable and durable negative model, which despite this thickness is transparent and can be analyzed excellently by light microscopy, but also by light microscopy.
• previously unknown macrostructures of healthy and pathologically altered skin have been discovered.
• the impression after sputtering with gold can be examined by scanning electron microscopy and profilometry.
• the impression method according to the invention can also be used in other areas in which it is important to obtain an exact, dimensionally stable impression in a few minutes, which can then be examined immediately by light microscopy or by scanning electron microscope after a few minutes, if the surface of the object is deformable, so that To allow the impression to be taken off.
• the skin surface with the pigment spot is adjusted as horizontally as possible so that the impression material does not flow away and an impression is made that is evenly thick.
• the edge of the pigment spot is marked with a felt pen and then a perforated, thin plaster is stuck on, the perforation of which has a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the pigment spot.
• the light-curing plastic (prepared from 98.5% by weight bis-acryloxymethyltricyclo [5.2.1.0 2.6 ] -decane, 1.4% by weight triethanolamine and 0.1% by weight camphorquinone) is now opened dripped on the plaster-bound skin area until it completely fills the area and the perforation of the plaster.
• the exposure time should be shortened or longer cooling times (approx. 10-15 sec) observed.
• the heat development begins about 3-4 seconds after exposure and continues for about 5-7 seconds afterwards. The heat development can thus be adapted exactly to the desired conditions.
• the color residues of the edge marking are also lifted off the skin surface, so that the boundary of the pigment spot on the negative side is retained.
• the impression is now glued to a glass slide with the plaster and the slide is labeled.
• the positive side of the impression is again dripped with a light-curing plastic and covered flat with a cover glass and then cured, so that only the unevenness of the negative side of the impression affects the light microscopic image and results in a clear, interference-free, brilliant image.
• the impression can then be analyzed in various ways using light microscopy at different magnifications.
• the positive and negative sides can be used for the observation.
• the negative side must be coated with gold
• the impression can additionally be stained immediately using the usual histological staining methods, the lifted cell structures being marked without the usual lengthy embedding procedures and fixations being necessary.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
• Dental Preparations (AREA)
• Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (1)

Citations (1)

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• 1991
  • 1991-02-05 DE DE19914103353 patent/DE4103353C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1992
  • 1992-02-05 AU AU12241/92A patent/AU1224192A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1992-02-05 WO PCT/EP1992/000257 patent/WO1992013486A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1992-02-05 JP JP92503946A patent/JPH05505336A/ja active Pending
  • 1992-02-05 EP EP19920904054 patent/EP0523219A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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