WO1992011927A1 - Appareil de production d'emulsions concentrees - Google Patents

Appareil de production d'emulsions concentrees Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992011927A1
WO1992011927A1 PCT/US1991/009530 US9109530W WO9211927A1 WO 1992011927 A1 WO1992011927 A1 WO 1992011927A1 US 9109530 W US9109530 W US 9109530W WO 9211927 A1 WO9211927 A1 WO 9211927A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
emulsion
circulating
inlet
pump
outlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1991/009530
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ben C. Song
Richard H. Hicks
Original Assignee
H2Oil Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by H2Oil Corporation filed Critical H2Oil Corporation
Publication of WO1992011927A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992011927A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle
    • B01F25/51—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle in which the mixture is circulated through a set of tubes, e.g. with gradual introduction of a component into the circulating flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/505—Mixing fuel and water or other fluids to obtain liquid fuel emulsions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for continuously preparing concentrated emulsions, such as a variety of water-in-oil emulsions, particularly those which can be effectively employed as additives for hydrocarbon fuels.
  • Emulsions including water-in-oil emulsions, for various uses have been prepared by use of a wide variety of equipment. Usually, the equipment has been high shear producing apparatus, such as high speed impellers, mixers, static mixers and the like. Emulsions are usually made in batich operations, but some are made or maintained by continuous operations.
  • Emulsions made in the apparatus of this invention are of particular interest for fuels.
  • the concept of adding water to a combustion mixture can be traced back as far as about 200 years, while the use of emulsions as fuels can be traced back about 80 years.
  • water-in-oil emulsions can improve the burning characteristics of, e.g., internal combustion engines.
  • a variety of fuel compositions for use in internal combustion engines and which comprise emulsions of hydrocarbon fuels and water are known in the art.
  • a few representative examples include U.S. Patents 1,498,340 to Belknap; 1,533,158 to Belknap; 1,701,621 to Kirschbraun; 3,876,391 to McCoy et al. ; 4,199,316 to Fung; 4,244,702 to Alliger; and 4,696,638 to DenHerder, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Water-in-oil hydrocarbon fuel emulsions have been produced by a variety of techniques including, e.g., the homogenizing of water and oil together in the presence of surfactants so as to create a final fuel having certain combustion characteristics.
  • emulsifiers can optionally be employed within either the discontinuous or the continuous phase, or in both phases.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for continuously preparing an emulsion, e.g., a concentrated water-in-oil emulsion, such as can be effectively employed as an additive for hydrocarbon fuels.
  • an emulsion e.g., a concentrated water-in-oil emulsion, such as can be effectively employed as an additive for hydrocarbon fuels.
  • the apparatus comprises a circulating loop vessel which comprises at least two inlet means, e.g., one inlet means for a discontinuous phase, and one inlet means for a continuous phase, as well as at least one outlet means for the emulsion and a flow circulation means, e.g., a circulating pump.
  • a flow circulation means e.g., a circulating pump.
  • Each of the inlet means, outlet means, and circulating pump are arranged so as to be capable of producing a concentrated emulsion when the appropriate discontinuous and continuous phases are introduced into the vessel and the circulating means is operated to circulate and emulsify the phases.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a preferred embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for making of an emulsion, particularly a concentrated water-in-oil emulsion, which can be employed as additive for hydrocarbon fuels.
  • light hydrocarbon fuel is preferably first mixed with at least one surfactant.
  • the light hydrocarbon fuel which can be effectively employed in the present invention includes any light oil, e.g., #2 diesel oil, #1 diesel oil, which is recognized in the art with the choice of a particular oil being dependent on the final application for the fuel emulsion. For example, when the emulsion is to be added to #2 diesel fuel, #2 diesel oil is usually preferred for forming the emulsion additive.
  • the surfactants which can be employed include any emulsifier or mixture of emulsifiers, which are recognized in the art.
  • Typical emulsifiers include amine alkylbenzene sulfonates, tall oil fatty acids, oleylimidazolinium hydrochloride and mixtures thereof.
  • the mixture can comprise the above three components in a ratio of, e.g., about 45:30:25, respectively.
  • water is mixed with the other components in an amount effective to provide an emulsion which is about 40 to about 80% by volume water, preferably about 50 to about 70%, and more preferably about 55 to about 65%, and in particular about 60% being even more preferred.
  • the ratio of water to emulsifiers is sufficient to reduce interfacial surface tension so as to achieve the desired size of water droplets.
  • the ratio of water to emulsifier(s) is about 5:1 to about 20:1, with about 10:1 being more preferred.
  • the ratio of water:hydrocarbon fuel:emulsifier(s) is preferably from about 80:12:8 to 40:56:4, more preferably about 70:23:7 to about 50:45:5, with about 60:34:6 being even more preferred.
  • the water employed in the present invention can come from any recognized source, e.g., typical city water can be effectively employed.
  • the emulsion made according to the present invention will have water droplets which are substantially continuously and uniformly distributed therethrough and will have a droplet size or diameter which effectively allows for a "microexplosion" when of the water droplets present in the emulsion additive is added to a hydrocarbon fuel which is combusted.
  • This droplet size can range from about 0.1 to about 200 microns. Preferably, this size ranges from about 0.2 microns to about 100 microns, more preferably about 0.3 to about 70, still more preferably about 1.0 to about 50, with about 5 to about 30 microns being even more preferred.
  • the desired water droplet size can be provided by any means which is recognized in the art, for example, through the amount and type of emulsifier(s) employed, i.e., the greater the amount of emulsifier employed in the mixture, the smaller the droplet size in the emulsion.
  • the choice of mixing means can effectively control the size of the water droplets and the uniformity of the droplet size.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is particularly effective in producing emulsions of desired droplet size and uniformity.
  • Emulsions produced by the present invention can be stable over long periods of time, e.g., months, and possibly even years, and thus has an adequate shelf life for, e.g., storage and distribution purposes.
  • the emulsion produced by the apparatus of this invention when employed as an additive for light hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel fuels, jet fuels or gasoline, the resulting composition improves the efficiency of the fuel, i.e., the miles per gallon (mpg) associated with the fuel is increased, while also reducing the exhaust gas pollution and particulate emissions associated therewith.
  • light hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel fuels, jet fuels or gasoline
  • the apparatus according to the present invention is capable of continuously producing a concentrated emulsion.
  • This apparatus for continuous production which is illustrated schematically in Figure 1, includes suitable means, e.g., three or more metering pumps, 1, 2 and 3, for continuously adding the components to a circulating loop vessel 4.
  • Circulating means, pump 5 produces a circulating flow rate in the loop that is "large” when compared to the discontinuous phase flow rate entering the loop.
  • Large it is meant that the circulating flow rate is significantly larger, e.g., no less than about 5 times the flow rate of the discontinuous phase entering the loop.
  • the circulating flow rate within the loop will be between about 5 and about 100 times the flow rate of the discontinuous phase entering the loop, preferably between about 10 and about 40 times, and more preferably in the range of about 15 times.
  • components of the continuous phase i.e., diesel oil at 2.8 gp (10.6 lpm) and surfactant(s) at 0.5 gpm (1.9 1pm) can be premixed by metering means, pumps 2 and 3, respectively, prior to introduction into the circulating loop 4.
  • the discontinuous phase e.g., water
  • the discontinuous phase e.g., water
  • the emulsion can then be continuously removed from the loop via line 6 at 8.3 gpm (31.4 lpm).
  • Co- surfactants or water soluble additives
  • FIG. 2 A preferred apparatus of the present invention for producing emulsions is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • both the continuous phase, i.e., preferably a premix of the oil and emulsifier(s) 11, and the discontinuous phase, i.e., preferably water, 12 are introduced in the circulating loop via, e.g., suitable means such as pipes 13a and 13b, respectively, into the circulating loop vessel 4.
  • the emulsion is removed via outlet 15, this emulsion can then be further refined for uniformity of product by passing through a suitable mixing means, e.g., a static mixer or a homogenizer 17. Drain 16 is employed to remove all residual material from the loop when needed for cleaning.
  • a suitable mixing means e.g., a static mixer or a homogenizer 17.
  • Drain 16 is employed to remove all residual material from the loop when needed for cleaning.
  • the apparatus of this invention is useful in making emulsions for food, paint, cosmetics, drugs and other products.
  • the apparatus of this invention is also useful in premixing, mixing or otherwise contacting materials.
  • such parameters include overall loop design, e.g., volume, velocity, turbulence and the like; pump selection, and the optional use of a static or other mixing means in connection with the outlet of the loop, as well as point of introduction and method of introduction, e.g, co-current or counter- current, spray injection or open ended pipe, for the inlet streams.
  • process parameters e.g., the choice and amount of emulsifier(s) , temperature, system pressure, circulating pump type and speed and the like, are also selected based upon the characteristics of the desired emulsion, and since this is a continuous process, it does allow for both open loop and closed loop automatic control.
  • the continuous nature of the process associated with the apparatus of the present invention provides an increased efficiency i.e., reduced labor costs, better quality control and increase ease associated with packaging of such emulsions, as well as change of product properties while on stream.
  • a circulating loop vessel using 2 inch (5 cm) size pipe of Fig. 2 is charged with a premixed #2 diesel oil and emulsifier stream.
  • the diesel oil is introduced by a metering pump at the rate of 2.8 gallons per minute (gpm) (10.6 liters per minute) while the emulsifier described in Example 1 is introduced at a rate of 0.5 gallons per minute (1.9 lpm).
  • gpm gallons per minute
  • water is then introduced via a third metering pump at a rate of 5.0 gallons per minute (19 lpm) .
  • the circulating pump was a 3x3x4 centrifugal at 1750 rpm with a semi-open impeller.
  • the resulting concentrated emulsion is passed through a static mixer at a rate of 8.3 gallons per minute (31.4 lpm).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil de production continue d'émulsions huile/eau concentrées, telles que celles qu'on peut utiliser comme additifs dans des carburants hydrocarbures, comprenant un récipient à boucle de circulation (4) pourvu d'une entrée (11) de phase continue, d'une entrée (12) de phase discontinue et d'une pompe de circulation (14), l'ensemble étant disposé pour produire une émulsion concentrée. Une sortie (15) sert à la récupération continue du produit d'émulsion. Une fois rempli, l'appareil peut produire une émulsion uniforme et consistante, de façon intermittente ou continue. D'autres entrées peuvent être ménagées pour des additifs ou autres constituants. Les entrées (11, 12) utilisent des pompes de dosage tandis que la pompe de circulation (14) produit un débit important à travers la boucle par rapport au volume de produit obtenu à la sortie (15).
PCT/US1991/009530 1990-12-26 1991-12-26 Appareil de production d'emulsions concentrees WO1992011927A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US634,238 1984-07-25
US63423890A 1990-12-26 1990-12-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992011927A1 true WO1992011927A1 (fr) 1992-07-23

Family

ID=24542950

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1991/009530 WO1992011927A1 (fr) 1990-12-26 1991-12-26 Appareil de production d'emulsions concentrees

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU9174891A (fr)
WO (1) WO1992011927A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2786780A1 (fr) * 1998-12-08 2000-06-09 Elf Antar France Procede de preparation d'un combustible emulsionne et son dispositif de mise en oeuvre
US6200937B1 (en) 1998-06-09 2001-03-13 Neutrogena Corporation Anti-residue shampoo and liquid toiletry production method
WO2008110688A2 (fr) 2007-01-31 2008-09-18 Biothermie Procede de preparation d'un biocombustible, biocombustible ainsi prepare et systeme de production de chaleur mettant en oeuvre un tel biocombustible
RU2477169C2 (ru) * 2011-03-02 2013-03-10 Сергей Дмитриевич Шестаков Способ гидратации полярных молекул среды олеофильной эмульсии
CN105151581A (zh) * 2015-09-10 2015-12-16 洛阳鼎力环保科技有限公司 一种储油罐的内循环式油品混合装置

Citations (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1498340A (en) * 1918-08-29 1924-06-17 Charles B Belknap Hydrocarbon fuel and method of making the same
US1533158A (en) * 1920-10-06 1925-04-14 Charles B Belknap Hydrocarbon emulsion and process of making same
US1701621A (en) * 1920-04-05 1929-02-12 Kirschbraun Lester Emulsified fuel
US2692764A (en) * 1951-01-19 1954-10-26 Howe Baker Corp Mixing apparatus
US2847196A (en) * 1955-06-28 1958-08-12 Philip J Franklin Dispenser for thermosetting materials
US3499632A (en) * 1966-04-27 1970-03-10 Sinclair Research Inc Mixing apparatus
US3794299A (en) * 1971-09-23 1974-02-26 Chem Trol Pollution Services Centrifugal reactor
US3818938A (en) * 1972-10-16 1974-06-25 Universal Oil Prod Co Fluid mixing apparatus
US3876391A (en) * 1969-02-28 1975-04-08 Texaco Inc Process of preparing novel micro emulsions
US3946994A (en) * 1974-04-10 1976-03-30 Petrolite Corporation System for producing emulsions
US4051065A (en) * 1974-09-03 1977-09-27 Nalco Chemical Company Apparatus for dissolving water soluble polymers and gums in water
US4057223A (en) * 1975-10-03 1977-11-08 Nalco Chemical Company Mixing block for mixing polymers
US4117550A (en) * 1977-02-14 1978-09-26 Folland Enertec Ltd. Emulsifying system
US4244702A (en) * 1979-02-26 1981-01-13 Howard Alliger Emulsified fuel oil and method of production
US4299501A (en) * 1979-08-10 1981-11-10 Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation Continuous process for the preparation of semisolid dispersions
US4362033A (en) * 1980-05-08 1982-12-07 Dominion Textile, Inc. Automatic mixing and cloth bleaching control
JPS58132087A (ja) * 1982-01-30 1983-08-06 Hisao Kojima エマルジヨン燃料製造装置
JPS59136124A (ja) * 1983-01-24 1984-08-04 Imai Sangyo Kk 異種流体の混合装置
US4533123A (en) * 1984-05-07 1985-08-06 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Liquid mixing device
US4533254A (en) * 1981-04-17 1985-08-06 Biotechnology Development Corporation Apparatus for forming emulsions
US4594005A (en) * 1983-06-15 1986-06-10 Taisei Corporation Fluid mixing method and apparatus
US4696638A (en) * 1986-07-07 1987-09-29 Denherder Marvin J Oil fuel combustion
US4755325A (en) * 1986-09-08 1988-07-05 Columbia Chase Corporation Process for emulsifying oil and water mixture
US4778280A (en) * 1986-06-25 1988-10-18 Stranco, Inc. Mixing apparatus

Patent Citations (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1498340A (en) * 1918-08-29 1924-06-17 Charles B Belknap Hydrocarbon fuel and method of making the same
US1701621A (en) * 1920-04-05 1929-02-12 Kirschbraun Lester Emulsified fuel
US1533158A (en) * 1920-10-06 1925-04-14 Charles B Belknap Hydrocarbon emulsion and process of making same
US2692764A (en) * 1951-01-19 1954-10-26 Howe Baker Corp Mixing apparatus
US2847196A (en) * 1955-06-28 1958-08-12 Philip J Franklin Dispenser for thermosetting materials
US3499632A (en) * 1966-04-27 1970-03-10 Sinclair Research Inc Mixing apparatus
US3876391A (en) * 1969-02-28 1975-04-08 Texaco Inc Process of preparing novel micro emulsions
US3794299A (en) * 1971-09-23 1974-02-26 Chem Trol Pollution Services Centrifugal reactor
US3818938A (en) * 1972-10-16 1974-06-25 Universal Oil Prod Co Fluid mixing apparatus
US3946994A (en) * 1974-04-10 1976-03-30 Petrolite Corporation System for producing emulsions
US4051065A (en) * 1974-09-03 1977-09-27 Nalco Chemical Company Apparatus for dissolving water soluble polymers and gums in water
US4057223A (en) * 1975-10-03 1977-11-08 Nalco Chemical Company Mixing block for mixing polymers
US4117550A (en) * 1977-02-14 1978-09-26 Folland Enertec Ltd. Emulsifying system
US4244702A (en) * 1979-02-26 1981-01-13 Howard Alliger Emulsified fuel oil and method of production
US4299501A (en) * 1979-08-10 1981-11-10 Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation Continuous process for the preparation of semisolid dispersions
US4362033A (en) * 1980-05-08 1982-12-07 Dominion Textile, Inc. Automatic mixing and cloth bleaching control
US4533254A (en) * 1981-04-17 1985-08-06 Biotechnology Development Corporation Apparatus for forming emulsions
JPS58132087A (ja) * 1982-01-30 1983-08-06 Hisao Kojima エマルジヨン燃料製造装置
JPS59136124A (ja) * 1983-01-24 1984-08-04 Imai Sangyo Kk 異種流体の混合装置
US4594005A (en) * 1983-06-15 1986-06-10 Taisei Corporation Fluid mixing method and apparatus
US4533123A (en) * 1984-05-07 1985-08-06 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Liquid mixing device
US4778280A (en) * 1986-06-25 1988-10-18 Stranco, Inc. Mixing apparatus
US4696638A (en) * 1986-07-07 1987-09-29 Denherder Marvin J Oil fuel combustion
US4755325A (en) * 1986-09-08 1988-07-05 Columbia Chase Corporation Process for emulsifying oil and water mixture

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6200937B1 (en) 1998-06-09 2001-03-13 Neutrogena Corporation Anti-residue shampoo and liquid toiletry production method
FR2786780A1 (fr) * 1998-12-08 2000-06-09 Elf Antar France Procede de preparation d'un combustible emulsionne et son dispositif de mise en oeuvre
WO2000034419A1 (fr) * 1998-12-08 2000-06-15 Elf Antar France Procede de preparation d'un combustible emulsionne et son dispositif de mise en oeuvre
AU761001B2 (en) * 1998-12-08 2003-05-29 Elf Antar France Method for preparing an emulsified fuel and implementing device
WO2008110688A2 (fr) 2007-01-31 2008-09-18 Biothermie Procede de preparation d'un biocombustible, biocombustible ainsi prepare et systeme de production de chaleur mettant en oeuvre un tel biocombustible
RU2477169C2 (ru) * 2011-03-02 2013-03-10 Сергей Дмитриевич Шестаков Способ гидратации полярных молекул среды олеофильной эмульсии
CN105151581A (zh) * 2015-09-10 2015-12-16 洛阳鼎力环保科技有限公司 一种储油罐的内循环式油品混合装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU9174891A (en) 1992-08-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0301766B1 (fr) Production d'émulsions de fuel-oil
KR100632753B1 (ko) 유화 연료의 제조방법 및 실행장치
US6369121B1 (en) Apparatus and process for in-line preparation of HIPEs
US4986858A (en) Emulsification method
RU2323960C2 (ru) Способ приготовления стабильных эмульсий углеводорода в воде
AU605650B2 (en) Emulsification method and apparatus
US3499606A (en) Invert emulsion spray apparatus and method
US4155657A (en) Continuous mixer for preparing emulsions
KR20100034008A (ko) 물 에멀션 제조장치
US3592385A (en) Process for making and spraying pesticidal invert emulsion
WO1992011927A1 (fr) Appareil de production d'emulsions concentrees
CA1258415A (fr) Preparation d'emulsions
US3639255A (en) Process of dispersing oil slicks
CA2430210C (fr) Procede de preparation de solutions comportant des additifs et des agents tensioactifs
RU2085270C1 (ru) Способ получения микроэмульсий
US1790967A (en) auerbach
EP0020711B1 (fr) Systeme d'alimentation en une emulsion de combustible et d'eau
CN1131296C (zh) 油包水型乳化柴油
GB1570174A (en) Fuel feed apparatus for an internal combustion engine
JPS58160392A (ja) エマルジヨン油
JPS63162034A (ja) 水及び水性物のゲル化物とその製造方法
JPH10277375A (ja) 液体混合装置
SU816524A1 (ru) Способ получени эмульгированногоТОплиВА дл дВигАТЕлЕй ВНуТРЕН-НЕгО СгОРАНи
AU781512B2 (en) Method for continuously preparing a stable water-fuel emulsion and device therefor
RU2635664C1 (ru) Способ получения гидратированного топлива

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU BR CA CS JP KR PL RO RU US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LU MC NL SE

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA