WO1992011221A1 - Process from producing a peat substitute from vegetable raw and waste materials - Google Patents

Process from producing a peat substitute from vegetable raw and waste materials Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992011221A1
WO1992011221A1 PCT/EP1991/002487 EP9102487W WO9211221A1 WO 1992011221 A1 WO1992011221 A1 WO 1992011221A1 EP 9102487 W EP9102487 W EP 9102487W WO 9211221 A1 WO9211221 A1 WO 9211221A1
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Prior art keywords
peat
waste materials
producing
raw
substitute
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Application number
PCT/EP1991/002487
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wilfried Schraufstetter
Dieter Gastinger
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Wilfried Schraufstetter
Dieter Gastinger
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Application filed by Wilfried Schraufstetter, Dieter Gastinger filed Critical Wilfried Schraufstetter
Publication of WO1992011221A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992011221A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

According to a process for producing a peat substitute from vegetable raw and waste materials, in particular from forestry or farming, the raw and waste materials are thermomechanically disintegrated and in a worm extruder and are blended with mineral and organic additives. With this process, a peat substitute is obtained having properties that are much more similar to peat properties than known peat substitutes. The process is less energy-intensive than known processes for producing peat substitutes.

Description

Beschreibung description
Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Torfersatzstoffes aus pflanzlichen Roh- und AbfallstoffenProcess for producing a peat substitute from vegetable raw and waste materials
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Torfersatzstoffes aus pflanzlichen Roh- und Abfall¬ stoffen, insbesondere der Forst- und Landwirtschaft.The invention relates to a method for producing a peat substitute from vegetable raw materials and waste materials, in particular forestry and agriculture.
Die Verwendung von Torf auch in Form von Torf-Kultur- Substraten oder in anderer Form im Garten- und Pflanzenbau ist ebenso bekannt, wie seine Verwendung für andere Zwek- ke, wie z.B. als Einstreu bei der Tierhaltung oder in der Medizin.The use of peat in the form of peat culture substrates or in other forms in gardening and plant cultivation is also known, as is its use for other purposes, such as e.g. as litter in animal husbandry or in medicine.
Der Torf hat bei der Anwendung im Garten- und Pflan¬ zenbau wegen seiner vielen Luftporen, seiner großen Puf¬ ferkapazität, der Strukturstabilität, seiner Wasserhalte¬ fähigkeit, des geringen Volumengewichtes und anderer posi¬ tiver Eigenschaften eine entsprechend hohe Bedeutung und Beliebtheit erlangt.When used in gardening and planting, peat has gained a correspondingly high level of importance and popularity because of its many air pores, its large buffer capacity, its structural stability, its ability to hold water, its low volume weight and other positive properties.
Ein heutzutage immer schwerer wiegender Nachteil des natürlichen Torfes ist nicht anwendungstechnischer, son¬ dern ökologischer Art. Der stark gestiegene Verbrauch na¬ türlichen Torfes in Landwirtschaft und Gartenbau führt zum Torfabbau in bisher noch intakten Feuchtgebieten, was als großer irreversibler Schaden an der Natur immer mehr bean¬ standet wird.A disadvantage of natural peat, which is becoming more and more serious nowadays, is not of an application-technical, but rather of an ecological nature. The greatly increased consumption of natural peat in agriculture and horticulture leads to peat degradation in wetlands which have hitherto been intact, which is becoming more and more irreversible damage to nature is complained about.
Torf ist ein, wenn überhaupt, nur langsam nachwachs¬ endes Naturprodukt. Torf wird in der Literatur defini¬ tionsgemäß als eine aus überwiegend abgestorbenen pflanz¬ lichen, daneben aus tierischen Organismen unter Abschluß der Luft durch Wasser entstandene, nacheiszeitliche orga¬ nische Bildung bezeichnet.Peat is a natural product that grows slowly, if at all. According to the definition, peat is referred to in the literature as an after-glacial organic formation formed from predominantly dead plant-based, in addition from animal organisms with the exclusion of air through water.
Torf enthält dabei noch freie Zellulose. Als Hauptbe¬ standteil liegen im Torf bis zu 50 % Huminsäuren vor. Im frisch gewonnenen Zustand enthält Torf bis zu 90 % Wasser, lufttrocken noch 25 bis 30 %. Es wird nun schon seit längerem versucht, einen Torf¬ ersatzstoff aus pflanzlichen Roh- und Abfallstoffen herzu¬ stellen. So ist ein thermochemisches Verfahren durch die Universität Hohenheim bekannt geworden, bei welchem die Verrottung nachvollzogen wird. Bei Temperaturen zwischen 150 und 200 °C wird im Zeitraffertempo die Cellulose bei Anwesenheit von Säuren in wenigen Minuten in vergärbaren Zucker gespalten, der danach extrahiert wird.Peat still contains free cellulose. Up to 50% humic acids are present in the peat as the main component. When freshly obtained, peat contains up to 90% water, air-dry still 25 to 30%. For a long time now, attempts have been made to produce a peat substitute from vegetable raw materials and waste materials. A thermochemical process has become known by the University of Hohenheim, in which the rotting is traced. At temperatures between 150 and 200 ° C, the cellulose is split into fermentable sugar in a few minutes in the presence of acids, which is then extracted.
Die nach der mechanischen Zerfaserung erhaltenen un¬ gelösten Rückstände werden als Hydro-Mull bezeichnet und sollen ähnliche physikalische Eigenschaften wie Torf auf¬ weisen, weshalb sie als Torfersatz benutzt werden.The undissolved residues obtained after mechanical defibration are called hydro-gauze and are said to have physical properties similar to peat, which is why they are used as a substitute for peat.
Wenngleich sich die für den Prozeß notwendige Energie aus lignocellulosehaltigen Abfällen gewinnen läßt, ist dieses Verfahren aufwendig.Although the energy required for the process can be obtained from waste containing lignocellulose, this process is complex.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gat¬ tungsgemäßes Verfahren zu schaffen, durch das ein Torfer¬ satzstoff erhalten wird, welcher dem Torf noch ähnlichere Eigenschaften aufweist und welches weniger energieintensiv ist.The invention has for its object to provide a generic method by which a peat substitute is obtained which has properties similar to peat and which is less energy-intensive.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung gelöst. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die Roh- und Ab¬ fallstoffe in einer Schneckenpresse thermomechanisch auf¬ geschlossen und zerfasert und zusammen mit mineralischen und organischen Zuschlagsstoffen gemischt.This object is achieved by the invention. In the process according to the invention, the raw materials and waste materials are thermomechanically broken up and defibrated in a screw press and mixed together with mineral and organic additives.
Die verwendeten Stoffe sind alle natürlichen Ursprun¬ ges. So sind die Roh- und Abfallstoffe nachwachsende, ver¬ holzte, pflanzliche Reststoffe aus der Land- und Forst¬ wirtschaft, sowie aus der holzverarbeitenden Industrie, wobei vorzugsweise saubere Resthölzer, wie Fichte oder Tanne verwendet werden. Es sind aber auch verschiedene Laubholzarten, sowie stark faserhaltige Pflanzenreststof- fe, wie z.B. auch Schilf, verarbeitbar.The substances used are all of natural origin. The raw and waste materials are renewable, wooded, vegetable residues from agriculture and forestry, as well as from the woodworking industry, preferably clean residual wood such as spruce or fir being used. However, there are also various types of hardwood, as well as plant residues with a high fiber content, such as also reeds, processable.
Als zuzumischende mineralische und organische Zu¬ schlagsstoffe wird ein von der Firma UWAS Umweltservice Gesellschaft für Abfallverwertung und Recycling m.b.H. in D-8045 Ismaning unter der Marke "TORMIN" vertriebenes Ge- misch verwendet, welches aus natürlichen Roh- und Abfall¬ stoffen besteht.A mineral and organic additive to be mixed is a product sold by the company UWAS environmental service company for waste recycling and recycling mbH in D-8045 Ismaning under the brand "TORMIN" used mixed, which consists of natural raw and waste materials.
In die Schneckenpresse werden feuchte, pflanzliche Roh- und Abfallstoffe eingegeben, wobei diese zweckmäßi¬ gerweise vorzerkleinert sind.Moist, vegetable raw materials and waste materials are introduced into the screw press, these being expediently comminuted.
Die Roh- und Abfallstoffe werden in der Schnecken¬ presse mittels Druck und Reibung erhitzt und aufgeschlos¬ sen, wobei vorteilhafterweise der beim Pressen entstehende Dampf zum Dampfaufschluß der Roh- und Abfallstoffe ausge¬ nutzt und der entstehende Dampf zusammen mit dem fertigen Produkt abgeführt wird.The raw materials and waste materials are heated and disintegrated in the screw press by means of pressure and friction, the steam resulting from the pressing advantageously being used for steam decomposition of the raw materials and waste materials and the steam produced being removed together with the finished product.
In der folgenden Tabelle werden die Eigenschaften des nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Torfer¬ satzstoffes (Ersatz) den Werten von Torf nach DIN 11540 gegenüber gestellt:The properties of the peat substitute (substitute) produced by the process according to the invention are compared with the values of peat according to DIN 11540 in the following table:
Figure imgf000005_0001
Figure imgf000005_0001
Die Meßwerte des erfindungsgemäßen Torfersatzstoffes wurden durch die Bayerische Hauptversuchsanstalt für Landwirtschaft in D-8050 Freising / Weihenstephan ermittelt. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß der Ersatzstoff Meßwerte aufweist, die innerhalb der Schwankungsbreite natürlichen Torfes liegen. Der Ersatzstoff hat dem natürlichen Torf ähnliche bis identische Eigenschaften und eignet sich - obwohl er aus Abfall- und Reststoffen hergestellt wird - für all die Anwendungen, für die bisher natürlich entstandener Torf eingesetzt wurde. The measured values of the peat substitute according to the invention were determined by the Bavarian Research Center for Agriculture in D-8050 Freising / Weihenstephan. It was found that the substitute has measured values that lie within the fluctuation range of natural peat. The substitute has similar to identical properties to natural peat and - although it is made from waste and residues - is suitable for all the applications for which peat that was naturally created was used.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Torfersatzstoffes aus pflanzlichen Roh- und Abfallstoffen, insbesondere der Forst- und Landwirtschaft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Roh- und Abfallstoffe in einer Schneckenpresse thermomechanisch aufgeschlossen und zerfasert und zusammen mit mineralischen und organischen Zuschlagsstoffen gemischt werden.1. A process for producing a peat substitute from vegetable raw materials and waste materials, in particular forestry and agriculture, characterized in that the raw materials and waste materials are thermomechanically digested and defibrated in a screw press and mixed together with mineral and organic additives.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch l, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Roh- und Abfallstoffe verholzt sind.2. The method according to claim l, characterized in that the raw materials and waste materials are lignified.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Schneckenpresse feuchte, pflanzliche Roh- und Abfallstoffe eingegeben werde .3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that moist, vegetable raw and waste materials are input into the screw press.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in die Schneckenpresse eingegebenen Roh- und Abfallstoffe vorzerkleinert sind.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the raw materials and waste materials input into the screw press are pre-crushed.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Roh- und Abfallstoffe in der Schneckenpresse mittels Druck und Reibung erhitzt und aufgeschlossen werden.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the raw materials and waste materials are heated and digested in the screw press by means of pressure and friction.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der beim Pressen entstehende Dampf zum Dampfaufschluß der Roh- und Abfallstoffe ausgenutzt wird.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam formed during the pressing is used for steam digestion of the raw and waste materials.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der entstehende Dampf zusammen mit dem fertigen Produkt abgeführt wird. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resulting steam is removed together with the finished product.
PCT/EP1991/002487 1990-12-21 1991-12-21 Process from producing a peat substitute from vegetable raw and waste materials WO1992011221A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4041329.2 1990-12-21
DE4041329A DE4041329A1 (en) 1990-12-21 1990-12-21 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A Peat Substitute From Vegetable Raw Materials And Waste

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0613870A1 (en) * 1993-03-04 1994-09-07 Analysa Bodenberatung + Umwelttechnik Ag Process for reclaiming of water containing vegetal matters

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4130468A1 (en) * 1991-03-16 1992-09-17 Aurenz Helmut Asb Gruenland BASIC MATERIAL FOR A PLANT CULTURE SUBSTRATE AND CULTURAL SUBSTRATE FOR PLANTS
DE9212758U1 (en) * 1992-09-22 1993-10-21 Laschka Joachim F Special potting soil for flower pots / plant troughs
DE4334249C2 (en) * 1992-10-10 1995-11-16 Torfgesellschaft Mbh Deutsche Process for processing compost into a marketable product
WO1994019296A1 (en) * 1993-02-17 1994-09-01 Butterfly's Pty Limited A method and apparatus for the treatment of organic matter
DE4401279C1 (en) * 1994-01-18 1995-04-13 Allplant Entw & Marketing Gmbh Culture substrate and its preparation
DE4401278C2 (en) * 1994-01-18 1996-02-29 Allplant Entw & Marketing Gmbh Method and device for producing culture substrate
DE19757028B4 (en) * 1997-12-20 2004-03-04 Bioprodukte Prof. Steinberg Gmbh Process for the production of a high quality peat substitute
GB2445560B (en) 2007-01-09 2008-12-31 Inst Of Food Res Method and kit for producing a plant growth medium
IT1397517B1 (en) * 2009-12-21 2013-01-16 Paolo Rebai METHOD OF REALIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL TOWER, PARTICULARLY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TERRIC ISSUES FOR FLOROVIVAISM, FOR HORTICULTURE, FOR GARDENING AND SIMILAR.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2161466A (en) * 1984-07-10 1986-01-15 Christopher Paul Richa Reynell Plant growth medium containing vegetable fibres
EP0324689A1 (en) * 1988-01-13 1989-07-19 Wogegal Sa Process, product and equipment for manufacturing said product serving as a culture substrate
WO1991014358A2 (en) * 1990-03-20 1991-10-03 Iup, Institut Für Umweltpflege Ag Process and installation for manufacturing substitute peat, drying device, application of the process and substitute peat manufactured by said process

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE856744C (en) * 1950-06-03 1952-11-24 Cyril James Dew Process for treating straw to produce compost-like fertilizers
DE2814623A1 (en) * 1978-04-05 1979-10-18 Egbert Ufheil Tree bark processing to humus former and fertiliser - by treating with dry steam and mixing with nitrogen carrier
DE2843218C2 (en) * 1978-10-04 1980-12-11 Egbert Ing.(Grad.) 7601 Ortenberg Ufheil Process for the production of a humus former from tree bark

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2161466A (en) * 1984-07-10 1986-01-15 Christopher Paul Richa Reynell Plant growth medium containing vegetable fibres
EP0324689A1 (en) * 1988-01-13 1989-07-19 Wogegal Sa Process, product and equipment for manufacturing said product serving as a culture substrate
WO1991014358A2 (en) * 1990-03-20 1991-10-03 Iup, Institut Für Umweltpflege Ag Process and installation for manufacturing substitute peat, drying device, application of the process and substitute peat manufactured by said process

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0613870A1 (en) * 1993-03-04 1994-09-07 Analysa Bodenberatung + Umwelttechnik Ag Process for reclaiming of water containing vegetal matters

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DE4041329A1 (en) 1992-06-25
AU9103291A (en) 1992-07-22

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