Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
  • A61K39/42—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum viral
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
  • C07K16/34—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against blood group antigens
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
  • C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
  • C07K16/1036—Retroviridae, e.g. leukemia viruses
  • C07K16/1045—Lentiviridae, e.g. HIV, FIV, SIV
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

• the invention relates to a new use of a monoclonal antibody. It concerns the use of a monoclonal antibody BR55-2 or a fragment thereof having the specificity of monoclonal antibody BR55-2, or a variant thereof, in the treatment of HIV infections, especially of AIDS (acquired
• MAbs monoclonal antibodies
• Hybridoma technology allows the production and isolation of monoclonal antibodies with well-defined binding affinity against different antigens expressed on the surface of cells.
• Tumor cells and virally infected cells express characteristic antigens which are not found on normal or, respectively, uninfected cells. Therefore MAbs directed against such antigens can be used in diagnosis and therapy.
• MAbs directed against such antigens can be used in diagnosis and therapy.
• selective destruction of infected cells is a main goal. This can be achieved with MAbs which activate the natural effector functions after binding to the target cell and therefore cause cell lysis.
• Cell destruction is effected by activation of the human complement system and activation of different human effector cells (e.g. monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes).
• MAbs as targeting vehicle for cytotoxic substances. These destroy the target cells after binding.
• BR55-2 monoclonal antibodies
• fragments thereof having the same specificity and their variants, disclosed in e.g. Wistar EP 285059, M. Blaszczyk-Thurin et al., J.Biol.Chem. 262 (1987) 372-379, or Z. Steplewsky et al., Hybridoma 9 (1990) 201-210.
• These publications also disclose their preparation and their use in the detection and therapy of, basically, adenocarcin ⁇ nas and similar tumors.
• the BR55-2 class of antibodies bind to a carbohydrate antigen which is expressed on the surface of tumor cells and specifically recognizes the difucosyl
• Lewis blood group antigens Y-6 and B-7-2 normally associated with
• BR55-2 and BR55-2-related antibodies have an excellent inhibitory activity in HIV infections.
• Therapeutically useful are especially such IgG isotypes which activate human effector functions and selectively mediate the destruction of HIV-infected, Y-antigen positive cells, in particular IgG3 and IgG2a.
• the invention thus comprises the use of a monoclonal antibody BR55-2 or a fragment thereof having the specificity of monoclonal antibody BR55-2, or a variant thereof, in the treatment of HIV infections.
• It further includes a method of treating HIV infections comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a monoclonal antibody BR55-2 or a fragment thereof having the specificity of monoclonal antibody BR55-2, or a variant thereof.
• composition which comprises as active agent a monoclonal antibody BR55-2 or a fragment thereof having the specificity of monoclonal antibody BR55-2, or a variant thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, for use in the treatment of HIV infections.
• the invention concerns the use of a monoclonal antibody BR55-2 or a fragment thereof having the specificity of monoclonal antibody BR55-2, or a variant thereof, as targeting vehicle for the transport of cytotoxic substances such as ricin, synthetic cytotoxic agents and radionuclides.
• cytotoxic substances such as ricin, synthetic cytotoxic agents and radionuclides.
• the Lewis Y carbohydrate antigen recognized by antibodies BR55-2 is significantly expressed on HIV-infected human T cell lines. This can be shown in binding studies of the BR55-2 antibodies with e.g. cell lines HOT 78 and PALL in a cell ELISA or indirect immunofluorescence assay.
• antibodies BR55-2 activate human complement, which in turn destroys the target cells.
• the source of the complement to be used in such tests can be human plasma or serum.
• the destruction of target cells can be measured by the release of previously incorporated 51 Cr or detected by direct observation in an inverted microscope.
• Table 2 and Figure 3 The results from such complement-mediated cytolysis experiments using HIV-infected T cell lines JURKAT and HUT 78 are shown in Table 2 and Figure 3. It can be seen that antibodies BR55-2 mediate lysis of HIV-infected human T cell lines by activation of human complement.
• BR55-2 antibodies as defined above against HIV-infected human T cells.
• Variants of BR55-2 are e.g. chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, class-switch variants, labelled antibodies and
• immunoconjugates are e.g. Fab and F(ab') 2 fragments. Variants and fragments can be prepared in accordance with known methods, e.g. as described in EP 285059. Labeling may e.g. be effected with a radioisotope, a drug, an immunomodulator, a biological response modifier, a lectin or a toxin.
• Preferred is intact BR55-2, especially of IgG3 isotype.
• a monoclonal antibody BR55-2 or a fragment thereof having the specificity of monoclonal antibody BR55-2, or a variant thereof means a monoclonal antibody, antibody fragment or antibody variant recognizing the antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibodies produced by deposited hybridonas BR55.2 (BR55-2/IgG3) and BR55.2S2a (BR-55-2/IgG2a).
• hybridomas are deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty, under deposit numbers ATCC HB 9324 and, respectively, ATCC HB 9347.
• Antibodies BR55-2 are very well tolerated. Side effects are dependent on dosage, duration of administration and isotype of antibody administered. Following infusion of 50 mg to 100 mg BR55-2/IgG3 only moderate nausea and vomiting is observed in most patients.
• reagents and materials used in the operation of the present invention are known and available or may be prepared or equivalents thereof may be prepared in conventional manner.
• antibodies BR55-2 are particularly suitable for targeting of toxins and radioisotopes :
• BR55-2 antibodies and fragments and derivatives as defined above can be used as a vehicle for the transport of cytotoxic substances.
• Such fragments are prepared by enzymatic cleavage using e.g. pepsin.
• Cleavage to the F(ab')2 fragment may e.g. be carried out in the following manner: 0.5 mg/ml of BR55-2/IgG3 in sodium acetate buffer pH 4.8 are treated with pepsin (BR55-2/pepsin 50:1) at 37oC. After 30 minutes an analytical HPLC run on hydroxyapatite shows complete reaction. So cleavage is stopped after 50 minutes by titration with 1 M NaOH to pH 7. Then the solution is dialysed for 2 hours against 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Further purification steps may be carried out using a preparative HPLC system.
• the dialysed sample is diluted with the same volume of pyrogen-free water and injected into a hydroxyapatite column (total volume 160 ml). Then the column is washed with eluent A (0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.8, 0.01 mM calcium chloride) until the UV absorption is constant.
• the F(ab') 2 fragment is eluted using a linear gradient from 2 to 100 % of eluent B (0.3 M sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.8; 0.01 mM calcium chloride) over 30 minutes.
• the peak volume of the desired protein is 27 ml.
• the product of the first purification step is dialysed against buffer A overnight and divided into 3 portions.
• Each portion (23 ml) is rechromatographed in a separate run. After injection of the sample the column is washed with eluent A until UV absorption is constant. Then the F(ab') 2 fragment is eluted using a linear gradient from 0 to 50 % over 20 minutes. The collected peaks of the 3 separations are combined and dialysed against phosphate buffered saline (without sodium azide) overnight (two buffer exchanges). The final product is sterile filtered into a pyrogen-free sterile sealed flask. The F(ab') 2 fragment obtained has a purity of > 99 % (HPLC). 2.
• bifunctional or heterobifunctional chelating agents covalently bound to antibodies (metals cannot be attached directly to antibodies).
• bifunctional chelates can be designed to attach to a variety of positions on the antibody molecule, the majority binds to lysine residues, which are present in abundance. The final complexing of the metallic ion is accomplished immediately prior to use and can be performed simply without further loss of antibody activity.
• BR55-2 has been conjugated using the hydroxysuccinimide ester of DTPA because conjugates obtained thereby generally retain the antibody-binding properties better than when the cyclic anhydride method is used:
• Conjugation can be carried out e.g. in the following manner:
• 1 11 ln-labeled derivative to the Y antigen expressing human mammacarcinoma cell line SKBR-5 are compared in a cell ELISA by the following procedure: after treatment of NuncTM immunoplates II with poly-L-lysine the SKBR-5 cells are pipetted into the wells (4 x 10 6 cells/ml) and fixed with glutardialdehyde. Free aldehyde groups are saturated with 1 % BSA. Sample incubation (concentrations starting with 100 ⁇ g/ml down to 0.02 ⁇ g/ml) is carried out for 1 hour at 37oC. Rabbit anti-mouse IgG/peroxidase is incubated for 40 minutes at 37oC, the binding of the MAb to the cells is determined using the peroxidase substrate o-phenylendiamine
• Figure 1 Binding of MAb and conjugates to cell line SKBR5 Y-antigen:
• Figure 2 Binding of BR 55-2/IgG3 to infected and non-infected cell line
• Figure 3 Complement-dependent cytotoxicity to HIV-infected JURKAT cell line mediated by BR 55-2/IgG3:
• BSA bovine serum albumin
• FCS fetal calf serum
• HIV human immunodeficiency virus
• MAb monoclonal antibody
• MIgG polyclonal mouse IgG antibody
• PBS phosphate-buffered saline
• FCS heat-inactivated, ⁇ -globulin-free
• Example 1 Binding of BR55-2/IgG3 antibodies to HIV-infected or
• Cell line HUT 78 is infected by suspending the cells
• Microtiter plates are pretreated with poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (20-30 kD; 20 ⁇ g/ml in PBS deficient; 100 ⁇ l/well; 30 minutes; room temperature), washed twice with PBS deficient (200 ⁇ l/well) and then incubated overnight at 4° with a suspension of the HUT 78 cell line
• glutardialdehyde (0.1 % in physiilogical saline) per well for 5 minutes at room temperature, centrifuged, the supernatant is removed, the cells resuspended in 200 ⁇ l/well of PBS deficient/1 % BSA/0.1 % NaN 3 and left for
• Binding of the antibody to HIV-infected and non-infected HOT 78 cells is determined by measuring extinction at 492 nm (calibration is at 620 nm). All washing steps are effected by cell centrifugation and resuspension. The results are shown in Figure 2 and indicate that the Lewis Y
• carbohydrate antigen recognized by BR55-2 is significantly expressed only on HIV-infected HOT 78 cells.
• Example 2 Binding of BR55-2/IgG3 antibodies to HIV-infected or
• HIV-infected and non-infected PALL cells are fixed on slides. After incubation with 1 % BSA for 30 minutes at 37° the slides are incubated with BR55-2/IgG3 in PBS deficient in appropriate concentrations for 1 hour at 37°. Irrelevant mouse-IgG serves as control. 100 ⁇ g/ml is chosen as the highest concentration for BR55-2/IgG3, 1000 ⁇ g/ml for the irrelevant mouse-IgG. Unbound antibody is washed out thrice with PBS deficient and goat anti-mouse IgG-FITC 1:30 in PBS deficient/2 % FCS is added. After incubation for 30 minutes at 37°, washing thrice with PBS deficient and embedding of the slides the iimiunofluorescence is observed in a fluorescence microscope. The results are shown in Table 1:
• Example 3 Human complement-dependent cytolysis (CDC) of HIV-infected JURKAT cell lines mediated by BR55-2/IgG3
• the human JURKAT T cell line is infected by suspending the cells (10 6 cells/ml) in a suspension of virus HTLV IIIb. Adsorption is allowed for 2 hours at 37°. Then the cells are spun down, the inoculum is removed and the cells are resuspended at 10 5 cells/ml. The concentration of the viral p24 antigen is determined in the supernatants by means of a
• the cells are transferred into fresh medium A and kept at 37o/5 % CO 2 in a cell culture flask.
• the cells are collected from the culture flask and incubated at a concentration of 5 x 10 6 cells in 800 ⁇ l of medium A at 37o/ 5 % CO 2 for 2 hours with 100 ⁇ Ci Na 2 51 CrO 4 .
• the cells are then washed with medium A to remove the excess 51 Cr, resuspendend in fresh medium A and their
• concentration is adjusted to 2 x 10 5 to 3 x 10 5 cells/ml.
• Example 4 Human complement-dependent cytolysis (CDC) of HIV-infected and non-infected HUT 78 cell line mediated by BR55-2/IgG3
• the human T cell line HUT 78 is infected as described under Example 1. On the day preceding the assay the HIV-infected and
• non-infected HUT 78 cells are transferred into fresh medium A and kept at 37o/5 % CO 2 in cell culture flasks (3 x 10 5 cells/ml).
• 100 ⁇ l aliquots of the suspension of the respective target cells are pipetted into wells of a Lab-tekTM and 50 ⁇ l of the antibody solution diluted to the desired concentration in PBS deficient are added.
• 100 ⁇ l aliquots of a human serum A (1:2 dilution in medium A; final dilution of human serum 1:5) or medium A are added per well and the cells are incubated for 2 hours at 37°/5 % CO 2 .
• Morphological changes of the target cells are detected by using an inverted microscope. The results are shown in Table 2:
• the dosage will, of course, vary depending upon e.g. the compound employed, the subject patient's age, the stage of disease, the mode of administration or the treatment desired, and can be determined by the specialist in each individual situation. It will also vary when the antibodies are used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or immunostimulators, e.g. reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
• Administration is e.g. parenteral by injection or infusion.
• the dosage administered is e.g. of from about 25 mg to about 100 mg BR55-2 antibody as defined above every second day, preferably by slow intravenous infusion.

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Citations (2)

• 1990
  • 1990-08-11 DE DE4025499A patent/DE4025499A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1991
  • 1991-08-08 DE DE69118702T patent/DE69118702T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-08-08 KR KR1019930700386A patent/KR930701193A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-08-08 AU AU83932/91A patent/AU657489B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1991-08-08 EP EP91914884A patent/EP0547079B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-08-08 AT AT91914884T patent/ATE136469T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-08-08 CA CA002088370A patent/CA2088370C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-08-08 JP JP3514194A patent/JPH06500771A/ja active Pending
  • 1991-08-08 WO PCT/EP1991/001510 patent/WO1992003165A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1991-08-08 HU HU9300349A patent/HUT64238A/hu unknown
  • 1991-08-09 PT PT98622A patent/PT98622A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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  • 1991-08-09 IE IE282391A patent/IE912823A1/en unknown
  • 1991-08-12 TW TW080106337A patent/TW223019B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation

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