WO1991020109A1 - Antennes a micro-ondes - Google Patents

Antennes a micro-ondes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991020109A1
WO1991020109A1 PCT/GB1991/000966 GB9100966W WO9120109A1 WO 1991020109 A1 WO1991020109 A1 WO 1991020109A1 GB 9100966 W GB9100966 W GB 9100966W WO 9120109 A1 WO9120109 A1 WO 9120109A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
planar
members
channels
waveguide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1991/000966
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Louis Frederick Charles Collins
Original Assignee
Collins John Louis Frederick C
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB909013337A external-priority patent/GB9013337D0/en
Priority claimed from GB909013366A external-priority patent/GB9013366D0/en
Priority claimed from GB919100322A external-priority patent/GB9100322D0/en
Application filed by Collins John Louis Frederick C filed Critical Collins John Louis Frederick C
Priority to EP91911937A priority Critical patent/EP0533810B1/fr
Priority to GB9225351A priority patent/GB2260649B/en
Priority to JP3511117A priority patent/JPH06503930A/ja
Priority to DE69127751T priority patent/DE69127751T2/de
Priority to KR1019920703155A priority patent/KR930700985A/ko
Publication of WO1991020109A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991020109A1/fr
Priority to US08/388,161 priority patent/US5568160A/en
Priority to GR970403381T priority patent/GR3025732T3/el

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antennas, particularly (but not exclusively) planar antennas for receiving microwave signals such as direct broadcasting by satellite (DBS) signals.
  • DBS satellite
  • a planar antenna comprising two or more moulded planar members.
  • a first planar member is shaped to form an array of horns, each of which is coupled into a waveguide system in a second planar member.
  • the waveguide system comprises a network of open-topped channels 111 in planar member 11.
  • the member 11 is formed by resin moulding and metallising.
  • a metal shim 12 is sandwiched between the planar member 10 and 11, the shim 12 being slotted at 120 to form coupling slots between the horns and the waveguide system.
  • This type of construction gives excellent antenna properties, but is not optimised for high volume, low cost production. There is a considerable amount of assembly work, and there can be problems in achieving dimensional accuracy and a good mechanical bond in sandwiching the parts together.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an antenna which overcomes or mitigates these problems.
  • the planar members After moulding the planar members it is necessary to (a) form a metallised coating on the surfaces of at least the horn cavities and the waveguide channels and (b) secure the plate-like elements together face-to-face; these steps can potentially be carried out in any order.
  • These operations must meet a number of reguirements: the horn cavities and waveguide channels must be located relative to each other to a high degree of accuracy, the metallisation must be free from gaps and breaks to prevent loss of microwave energy by leakage, and the assembly must be mechanically strong and free from the risk of long-term deterioration caused for example by reaction between incompatible materials. At the same time, it is desired to achieve low cost, high volume production.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a method useful in achieving these aims.
  • the present invention provides an antenna comprising first and second planar members, the first member being shaped to form an array of horns and the second member being shaped to provide a system of open-topped channels, and in which said channels are closed along the majority of their length by the under surface of the first member, to form a waveguide system, the first and second members bein ⁇ in direct abutment.
  • the first and second members could be metallised and then secured together in abutment.
  • the first and second members are first secured together and the surfaces remaining uncovered are then metallised.
  • first and second members are secured together by rib welding, as more fully described hereinbelow.
  • an antenna comprising two or more planar members one of which includes an array of horns and the other of which defines a waveguide, the method comprising forming said members from a plastics material so as to provide opposed planar faces to be secured together, said planar faces being provided with corresponding projecting ribs, securing the planar members together by rib welding to form a unitary assembly, and metallising at least some of the exposed faces of said assembly.
  • one face of each of said opposed planar faces is formed to provide channel means adjacent each rib, the channel means preferably comprising identical channels on either side of the rib.
  • the rib welding is effected by hot plate rib welding.
  • the metallisation is preferably effected by immersing the unitary assembly in a bath for electroless deposition of copper.
  • the copper is plated to a thickness of 4 microns.
  • a further disadvantage of planar antennas formed from a plurality of layers is the leakage of microwave energy from the assembly, particularly at the interfaces between layers. Such leakage can be sealed effectively by simple mechanical means, but only at the expense of increased manufacturing costs.
  • a planar microwave antenna For a planar microwave antenna to receive signals, it must be aligned in elevation and azimuth with the signal source.
  • the required orientation of the antenna relative to the plane of the wall will depend upon the location of the building within the footprint of the satellite and upon the orientation of the building itself. For aesthetic reasons, it is preferable that the planar antenna should be mounted parallel to the plane of its supporting wall.
  • the need to align the receiving axis of the antenna with the satellite means that this is rarely possible.
  • the required elevation might vary with latitude between 15° and 45°.
  • the antenna With conventional antennas, where the receiving axis is normal to the plane of the horn array, the antenna must be mounted at a corresponding vertical angle to the wall. Similarly, the antenna must be mounted at a horizontal angle depending upon the orientation of the wall and the azimuth of the satellite.
  • a microwave antenna comprises first and second planar members, a topmost planar surface of the first member being shaped to form an array of horn elements, a bottommost planar surface of said first member adjoining a topmost planar surface of said second member and a network of waveguide channels being formed at the interface between said first and said second members, wherein said channels are defined by first and second complementary sets of grooves formed in said bottommost surface of said first member and in the topmost surface of said second member.
  • said complementary grooves are of substantially equal depth.
  • said -first grooves communicate with said horn elements via slots formed in said first member.
  • a third planar member has a topmost planar surface adjoining a bottommost planar surface of said second member, a second network of waveguide channels being formed at the interface between said second and third members by third and fourth complementary sets of grooves in the same manner as the first waveguide network.
  • a microwave antenna comprises a planar array of horn elements, wherein the central axis of each of said horn elements is disposed at an angle to the plane of the antenna.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic exploded perspective view of a microwave antenna in accordance with the first and second aspects of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view, partly sectioned, of a part of the antenna of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-section, to an enlarged scale, of part of the antenna
  • Figs 3a and 3b are detailed sectional views of planar members of the antenna before and after welding together
  • Fig. 4 shows the layout of a waveguide array of the antenna
  • Fig. 5 shows the corresponding layout of welding ribs and channels
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of an antenna embodying the third and fourth aspects of the invention
  • Fig. 7 is an exploded sectional view on line II-II of Fig.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show an antenna comprising three planar members 10, 12, 14 each of which can suitably be formed by moulding from expanded polystyrene 5192. After moulding, the three members 10, 12, 14 are secured together and the surfaces left exposed are metallised.
  • the planar members are secured together by a rib welding technique.
  • the under surfaces of the members 10 and 12 are formed with ribs 50, and the upper surfaces of the members 12 and 14 are formed with co-operating ribs (not seen in Fig. 2).
  • the ribs extend completely around each opening in the relevant surfaces, and are positioned such that opposing ribs may be abutted, for securement by rib welding as more fully described below.
  • the surfaces are metallised, preferably by immersion of the assembly in a bath for electroless copper deposition.
  • copper is plated by electroless deposition to a thickness of 4 microns.
  • Other plating methods and materials may be used, for example aluminium and silver.
  • Fig. 3 shows part of an antenna produced in this way, the metallisation being indicated at 60. It will be noted that the channels such as 62, 64 forming the waveguides are closed by the overlying planar member without the use of metal shims.
  • Fig. 2 shows an antenna with stepped horns.
  • the invention is equally applicable to antennas with straigth-walled horns, and to antennas in which the horns have septum walls for separation of circularly polarised signals.
  • the planar members are secured together by a rib welding technique.
  • the under surfaces of the members 10 and 12 are formed with ribs 50
  • the upper surfaces of the members 12 and 14 are formed with ribs 52.
  • the ribs 50 and 52 extend completely around each opening in the relevant surfaces, and are positioned such that opposing ribs 50, 52 may be abutted.
  • rib in each opposing pair in this embodiment the downwardly extending ribs 50, is provided on either side with a channel or flash trap 54.
  • a channel or flash trap 54 When heat is applied and the surfaces pressed together, the ribs 50, 52 weld together and the flash 56 produced by this operation is accommodated in the channels 54. This allows planar members such as 10, 12 and 14 to be securely adhered together with their faces in accurate planar contact.
  • Suitable apparatus for rib welding is known per se. It is preferred to use hot plate rib welding which may be carried out with known equipment such as RT 600 VT hot plate welding machine.
  • Fig. 4 shows a typical array of waveguides 20, and Fig. 5 the corresponding ribs 50 and channels 54, the circles in these Figs indicating registration between the two.
  • Figs. 6 to 9 of the drawings there is shown a portion of a planar microwave antenna including two horn elements 110 and 112. It will be understood that in practice the antenna would include a much larger two-dimensional array of such elements.
  • the present example is of a dual-linear array, formed from three layers 102, 104 and 106 which, when assembled, define first and second waveguide networks oriented (in this case) at 90 * to one another and communicating respectively with first and second slots 114 and 116 formed at the inner ends of the horn elements 110 and 112.
  • the slots intersect to define a cross, however, the slots need not intersect at all.
  • the first slot 114 of each horn element communicates with the first waveguide network, which comprises an array of channels formed at the interface between the first and second layers 102 and 104 of the antenna by complementary sets of grooves 118 and 120 formed in the bottom surface 122 of the first layer 102 and the top surface 124 of the second layer respectively.
  • the second waveguide network is similarly formed at the interface between the second and third layers by complementary grooves 126 and 128 formed in the bottom surface 130 of the second layer 104 and the top surface 132 of the third layer 104 respectively.
  • the channel defined by the grooves 126 and 128 communicates with the slot 116 via a complementary through-slot 134 formed in the second layer 104.
  • the inner ends 136 and 138 of the grooves 120 and 128 are angled at 45° as can be seen in the drawings.
  • the pairs of grooves 118, 120 and 126, 128 defining the channels of the first and second waveguide networks are of substantially equal depth, such that the union of the respective surfaces 122, 124 and 130, 132 is substantially at the vertical mid-point of the walls of the channels of the waveguide networks. This significantly reduces the leakage of microwave energy from the channels at the interfaces between the layers 102, 104 and 106, so eliminating or reducing the need for additional manufacturing steps to seal the channels.
  • the horn elements 110 and 112 themselves are oriented with their central axes disposed at an angle A to the plane of the antenna. This angle can be in elevation, azimuth, or both.
  • This angle A can be in elevation, azimuth, or both.
  • the required vertical angle which the antenna is required to make with the supporting wall can be reduced by the angle A.
  • the most northerly locations (in the Northern hemisphere) within the defined area would thus require zero vertical angle between the antenna and the wall for correct elevation, whilst the most southerly locations would have the required vertical angle significantly reduced.
  • antennas could be manufactured with a range of horn angles in elevation and/or azimuth, and the most appropriate antenna selected for each location within the area.
  • the horn elements can be of any suitable type, a stepped configuration being illustrated in the drawings .
  • Fig. 10 shows a single horn antenna element 200, which would be one of an array of identical elements, wherein the intersecting slots 202 at the bottom of the horn 202 are disposed diagonally to the sides of the horn rather than parallel thereto. Again, the slots need not intersect. This variation is applicable to all of the preceding embodiments of the invention.

Abstract

Plusieurs modifications et améliorations sont décrites concernant des antennes à micro-ondes planes du type composé d'une pluralité de couches planes moulées. Les antennes comprennent une première couche (10) formant un réseau d'éléments en cornet, et une ou plusieurs couches sous-jacentes (12, 14) définissent des canaux de guidage (62, 64) communiquant avec les éléments en cornet. Les améliorations sont les suivantes: les canaux formés dans les couches sous-jacentes sont à partie supérieure ouverte, fermés sur la majeure partie de leur longueur par aboutement avec la surface inférieure de la couche précédente; les surfaces des canaux et les éléments en cornet sont métallisés; les surfaces en aboutement présentent des nervures de localisation complémentaires ainsi que des gorges, et les couches sont fixées ensemble par soudage à nervure; les canaux de guidage peuvent être formés à l'interface entre des couches par des canaux alignés dans les surfaces supérieure et inférieure des couches en aboutement; et les axes centraux des éléments en cornet peuvent être disposés à un angle donné par rapport au plan de l'antenne.
PCT/GB1991/000966 1990-06-14 1991-06-14 Antennes a micro-ondes WO1991020109A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP91911937A EP0533810B1 (fr) 1990-06-14 1991-06-14 Antennes a micro-ondes
GB9225351A GB2260649B (en) 1990-06-14 1991-06-14 Microwave antennas
JP3511117A JPH06503930A (ja) 1990-06-14 1991-06-14 マイクロ波アンテナ
DE69127751T DE69127751T2 (de) 1990-06-14 1991-06-14 Antenne in der form einer flachen platte
KR1019920703155A KR930700985A (ko) 1990-06-14 1991-06-14 극초단파 안테나
US08/388,161 US5568160A (en) 1990-06-14 1995-02-10 Planar horn array microwave antenna
GR970403381T GR3025732T3 (en) 1990-06-14 1997-12-23 Microwave antennas

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9013337.2 1990-06-14
GB909013337A GB9013337D0 (en) 1990-06-14 1990-06-14 Method of manufacturing antennas
GB9013366.1 1990-06-15
GB909013366A GB9013366D0 (en) 1990-06-15 1990-06-15 Microwave"antennas"
GB919100322A GB9100322D0 (en) 1991-01-08 1991-01-08 Improvements in or relating to microwave antennas
GB9100322.8 1991-01-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991020109A1 true WO1991020109A1 (fr) 1991-12-26

Family

ID=27265139

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1991/000966 WO1991020109A1 (fr) 1990-06-14 1991-06-14 Antennes a micro-ondes

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US5568160A (fr)
EP (1) EP0533810B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06503930A (fr)
KR (1) KR930700985A (fr)
AT (1) ATE158676T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU8078891A (fr)
CA (1) CA2085131A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69127751T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0533810T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2110442T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB2260649B (fr)
GR (1) GR3025732T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991020109A1 (fr)

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US5552797A (en) * 1994-12-02 1996-09-03 Avnet, Inc. Die-castable corrugated horns providing elliptical beams
GB2301486B (en) * 1994-02-26 1998-07-08 Fortel Technology Ltd A method of manufacturing an antenna
WO1998057391A1 (fr) * 1997-06-13 1998-12-17 Thomson-Csf Dispositif d'emission ou de reception integre
CN1075253C (zh) * 1994-02-26 2001-11-21 福特尔技术有限公司 微波天线
EP1371112A1 (fr) * 2001-03-21 2003-12-17 Microface Co. Ltd Antenne a fentes en guide d'ondes et procede de fabrication
EP2083479A1 (fr) * 2008-01-23 2009-07-29 The Boeing Company Ouverture structurelle d'alimentation pour antennes en réseau phasées basées dans l'espace

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US6844863B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2005-01-18 Andrew Corporation Active antenna with interleaved arrays of antenna elements
US6906681B2 (en) * 2002-09-27 2005-06-14 Andrew Corporation Multicarrier distributed active antenna
US7280848B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2007-10-09 Andrew Corporation Active array antenna and system for beamforming
US6972622B2 (en) 2003-05-12 2005-12-06 Andrew Corporation Optimization of error loops in distributed power amplifiers
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US7973730B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-07-05 Broadcom Corporation Adjustable integrated circuit antenna structure
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WO2008102987A1 (fr) * 2007-02-21 2008-08-28 Idoit Co., Ltd. Antenne cornet de type réseau à double polarisation linéaire
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KR20090024039A (ko) 2007-09-03 2009-03-06 주식회사 아이두잇 듀얼선형편파 혼어레이 안테나
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JP2010252092A (ja) * 2009-04-16 2010-11-04 Tyco Electronics Japan Kk 導波管
WO2010124867A1 (fr) 2009-04-30 2010-11-04 Qest Quantenelektronische Systeme Gmbh Système d'antenne large bande pour communication par satellites
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US8988294B2 (en) 2011-12-06 2015-03-24 Viasat, Inc. Antenna with integrated condensation control system
DE102011121138B4 (de) 2011-12-15 2021-02-04 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Breitband-Antennensystem zur Satellitenkommunikation
US10376993B2 (en) * 2014-11-12 2019-08-13 Illinois Took Works Inc. Flash trap
IL236739B (en) 2015-01-15 2018-02-28 Mti Wireless Edge Ltd Antenna formed from plates and methods useful in conjunction therewith
KR102233948B1 (ko) 2015-04-16 2021-03-30 한국전자통신연구원 안테나 어레이
US9859597B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2018-01-02 Viasat, Inc. Partial dielectric loaded septum polarizer
US9640847B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2017-05-02 Viasat, Inc. Partial dielectric loaded septum polarizer
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2301486B (en) * 1994-02-26 1998-07-08 Fortel Technology Ltd A method of manufacturing an antenna
CN1075253C (zh) * 1994-02-26 2001-11-21 福特尔技术有限公司 微波天线
US5552797A (en) * 1994-12-02 1996-09-03 Avnet, Inc. Die-castable corrugated horns providing elliptical beams
EP0878030A4 (fr) * 1994-12-02 1999-04-07 Avnet Inc Cornets ondules coules sous pression formant des lobes elliptiques
WO1998057391A1 (fr) * 1997-06-13 1998-12-17 Thomson-Csf Dispositif d'emission ou de reception integre
FR2764738A1 (fr) * 1997-06-13 1998-12-18 Thomson Csf Dispostif d'emission ou de reception integre
EP1371112A1 (fr) * 2001-03-21 2003-12-17 Microface Co. Ltd Antenne a fentes en guide d'ondes et procede de fabrication
EP1371112A4 (fr) * 2001-03-21 2005-04-20 Microface Co Ltd Antenne a fentes en guide d'ondes et procede de fabrication
EP1753085A1 (fr) * 2001-03-21 2007-02-14 Microface Co. Ltd Antenne à fentes en guide d'ondes et procédé de fabrication
EP2083479A1 (fr) * 2008-01-23 2009-07-29 The Boeing Company Ouverture structurelle d'alimentation pour antennes en réseau phasées basées dans l'espace
US7948443B2 (en) 2008-01-23 2011-05-24 The Boeing Company Structural feed aperture for space based phased array antennas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0533810A1 (fr) 1993-03-31
GR3025732T3 (en) 1998-03-31
GB2260649A (en) 1993-04-21
DE69127751D1 (de) 1997-10-30
GB9225351D0 (en) 1993-02-03
KR930700985A (ko) 1993-03-16
AU8078891A (en) 1992-01-07
EP0533810B1 (fr) 1997-09-24
US5568160A (en) 1996-10-22
JPH06503930A (ja) 1994-04-28
ATE158676T1 (de) 1997-10-15
DK0533810T3 (da) 1998-05-11
GB2260649B (en) 1994-11-30
DE69127751T2 (de) 1998-04-30
ES2110442T3 (es) 1998-02-16
CA2085131A1 (fr) 1991-12-15

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