WO1991009650A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entsorgen von substanzen, die halogenierte kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen enthalten - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entsorgen von substanzen, die halogenierte kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen enthalten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991009650A2 WO1991009650A2 PCT/EP1990/002277 EP9002277W WO9109650A2 WO 1991009650 A2 WO1991009650 A2 WO 1991009650A2 EP 9002277 W EP9002277 W EP 9002277W WO 9109650 A2 WO9109650 A2 WO 9109650A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- disposed
- exhaust gas
- fuel
- water
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/40—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by heating to effect chemical change, e.g. pyrolysis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
- A62D2203/10—Apparatus specially adapted for treating harmful chemical agents; Details thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/14—Gaseous waste or fumes
- F23G2209/142—Halogen gases, e.g. silane
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the disposal of substances which contain halogenated hydrocarbon compounds or mixtures thereof.
- hydrocarbons can be decomposed by high-temperature pyrolysis in order to obtain a specific fission product, for example acetylene, from a selected starting material, for example from gasoline.
- a specific fission product for example acetylene
- hydrogen is burned in a combustion chamber with a slight stoichiometric deficit of oxygen.
- the hydrocarbon to be split is mixed with the exhaust gas stream and split in a reaction chamber which is adjacent to the combustion chamber and is spatially separated from it. Which fission product is formed depends on the temperature of the exhaust gas stream in the reaction chamber, which is reduced and specifically adjusted by introducing water vapor into the combustion chamber.
- the residence time in the reaction chamber is kept very short at about 2 ms so that not small decomposition products such as carbon, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced to any appreciable extent, and therefore the splitting process at the exit of the reaction chamber is ended by quenching with water (quenching) .
- quenching water
- the composition of the substances to be disposed of, containing halogenated carbon dioxide compounds is generally not known, and therefore the purpose of disposal cannot be met either be to form defined organic substances from the substances to be disposed of.
- a method with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE-Al-35 17 864.
- Chlorinated hydrocarbons are pyrolytically decomposed in an elongated reaction chamber in a reducing atmosphere.
- the required decomposition temperature, specified there at at least 825 ° C. is generated by heating the reaction chamber from the outside or by burning a fuel gas, in particular methane, in the reaction chamber, with oxygen or air being added in excess so that incomplete combustion takes place.
- a fuel gas in particular methane
- the known method therefore offers no guarantee that no dioxins or furans will form when the halogenated hydrocarbons are decomposed.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device by means of which substances which contain halogenated, in particular chlorinated and / or fluorinated, hydrocarbon compounds or mixtures thereof, but whose individual constituents are not known and can change, are disposed of in this way can be that no dangerous products, especially no dioxins and no furans are formed.
- the substances to be disposed of are pyrolytically decomposed in a reactive atmosphere. puts.
- the decomposition takes place at a temperature which is so high that no dioxins and furans and other highly toxic substances can form, but are even decomposed again if they should already be contained in the substance to be disposed of. It is therefore favorable to keep the decomposition temperature as high as possible, but at least higher than 850 ° C, preferably higher than 1100 ° C.
- the fuel must therefore be selected so that such a high exhaust gas temperature is definitely reached.
- the mass flows of fuel, oxygen and substances to be disposed of are matched to one another in such a way that free hydrogen is present in the exhaust gas, but no free one
- Oxygen is present. Free oxygen is one of the conditions for the formation of dioxins, furans and phosgene. Another condition for their formation is the presence of carbon (soot). The presence of soot in the exhaust gas flow is prevented by the high exhaust gas temperature in connection with the presence of water vapor: carbon released by pyrolysis decomposes with water vapor to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. In this way, there is a considerable carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas, which is quite desirable because it favors the beneficial further use of the exhaust gas.
- the method according to the invention is preferably optimized by controlling or regulating the mass flows of the fuel, the oxygen, the substance to be disposed of and possibly the water vapor in such a way that the carbon monoxide yield assumes a maximum.
- the water vapor reacting with the carbon originates from the combustion of the fuel and, if required, is additionally introduced into the flame and / or even before the quenching zone into the hot exhaust gas stream in such a way that the pyrolytic decomposition takes place in any case without soot, ie carbon required for the formation of dioxins, furans and phosgene is immediately consumed by the formation of CO and CO.
- Halogen released by pyrolysis also reacts with the hydrogen to form hydrogen halide.
- the residence time of the substances to be disposed of in the hot zone formed by the flame and the hot exhaust gas stream must of course be long enough to enable the substances to decompose completely.
- the residence time is expediently at least 10 ms, preferably approximately 30 ms, and is thus an order of magnitude longer than that known high-temperature pyrolysis processes.
- the substances to be disposed of are preferably introduced into the flame at the beginning of the flame or even introduced into the fuel before the fuel is ignited and intimately mixed with it.
- the fuel is preferably burned with pure oxygen, and in order to keep the costs of the process low, the mass flows of oxygen, the fuel and, if necessary, the amount of additionally introduced water vapor are coordinated with one another in such a way that that the combustion heat released to completely decompose a given mass flow of the substance to be disposed of into low molecular weight components is approximated to a minimum.
- High flame temperatures as can be achieved in particular through the use of hydrogen and oxygen as fuel gases, enable short reaction times.
- the residence time is preferably not longer than 100 ms, which is favorable because on the one hand the time for reforming reactions is short and on the other hand high throughputs are made possible.
- the decomposition can be promoted by carrying it out in a combustion chamber under increased pressure.
- the pressure is expediently between 2 bar and 10 bar, preferably around 5 bar.
- Such a pressure in the exhaust gas stream is favorable if one wants to continue to use the exhaust gas in a useful manner. That the exhaust gas is beneficial at all Can be used further is a further advantage of the inventive method, because the exhaust gas consists essentially of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Because of the content of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the exhaust gas can be used, for example, to generate energy
- the time in which the exhaust gas stream is quenched to below 350 ° C. is preferably of the order of magnitude not more than 1 to 2 ms.
- the exhaust gas stream enriched with the quench water is either subjected to rectification or cooled further, so that the water vapor condenses and the water-soluble components, especially e.g. Hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, if present, go into solution. A concentrated or a diluted acid is formed, which can be used for chemical processes without technical problems.
- the process according to the invention is suitable for the disposal of all those halogenated hydrocarbon-containing substances which are liquid or gaseous or which can be converted into the liquid or gaseous phase.
- the method is particularly suitable for the disposal of chlorinated and fluorinated solvents, fungicides, herbicides, bactericides and coolants (PCBs), but also for waste gas combustion in combustion plants which burn plastics, in particular for the decomposition of carbonization gases from copper cable recycling plants in which the The risk of the formation of dioxins and furans is particularly high, especially since copper catalytically favors their formation, furthermore for the disposal of dioxin-containing substances, possibly after their pretreatment by extraction or other processes.
- the combustion chamber is at the same time the reaction chamber in which the substances to be disposed of are decomposed.
- the combustion chamber contains, one behind the other, a flame zone, a zone through which the hot exhaust gases of the flame flow (here collectively referred to as "hot zone”) and a quenching zone.
- hot zone a zone through which the hot exhaust gases of the flame flow
- quenching zone a zone through which the hot exhaust gases of the flame flow
- the quench zone closes the hot zone and is closed by a
- Flow connection connected to a condenser which has an outlet opening for the condensed water, in which e.g. the hydrochloric acid and / or hydrofluoric acid is dissolved, and has a further outlet opening through which the uncondensed gases leave the condenser.
- a condenser which has an outlet opening for the condensed water, in which e.g. the hydrochloric acid and / or hydrofluoric acid is dissolved, and has a further outlet opening through which the uncondensed gases leave the condenser.
- the gas burner with which the gaseous or gasified fuel is burnt is expediently located at one end of an elongated combustion chamber.
- the feed line for the substance to be disposed of preferably opens into the flame zone near the gas burner or even into the feed line for one of the fuel gases, even before this get the gas burner.
- one or more nozzles for spraying the water or for introducing the water vapor into the combustion chamber are also preferably provided near the gas burner.
- one or more further nozzles are preferably provided near the gas burner for introducing a reaction-promoting gas into the combustion chamber.
- additional hydrogen can be used as the reaction partner for chlorine or fluorine or additional oxygen as the reaction partner for the substance to be disposed of as required.
- oxygen is not supplied in such a large amount that the reducing atmosphere becomes an oxidizing atmosphere.
- Free hydrogen must be present in the exhaust stream.
- the aim is to keep the hydrogen content close to its lower limit in order to achieve a favorable energy balance.
- the hydrogen content in the exhaust gas is preferably measured (suitable sensors are known to the person skilled in the art, for example heat conduction sensors or lambda probes) and the oxygen supply is regulated accordingly in order to minimize the hydrogen content.
- the nozzles for introducing the water vapor, the reaction-promoting gas and also the substance to be disposed of are preferably arranged in a ring around the nozzle of the gas burner in order to make the substances supplied possible to be able to distribute evenly in the combustion chamber.
- the combustion chamber is preferably formed from a double jacket tube, the annular space located in the double jacket having at least one inlet and at least one outlet for a coolant, so that the combustion chamber wall can be cooled if necessary to protect against overheating.
- a coolant a coolant that is generally sought and achieved. It is best to place the inlet of the annulus in the vicinity of the gas burner, the outlet, however, at the end of the annulus remote from the gas burner, so that the coolant relates to the annulus to the direction of flow in the combustion chamber, flows in direct current. This has the advantage that a fairly uniform temperature distribution is achieved over the length of the combustion chamber.
- the best coolant for the combustion chamber wall is the water that is needed to quench the exhaust gas flow anyway.
- the outlet of the annular space is formed by nozzles which penetrate the inner jacket of the double jacket tube and expediently form a ring, so that the water can be sprayed into the hot exhaust gas stream from all directions.
- the cooling water is fed in with excess pressure and is preferably heated to boiling temperature on its way to the nozzles opening into the combustion chamber. The injection of the water into the exhaust gas stream then takes place suddenly
- the cooling water is atomized by the partial evaporation.
- the resulting fine droplets cause the exhaust gas flow to be quenched very quickly and effectively to temperatures below of 350 ° C. Below this temperature, dioxins and furans are no longer formed.
- the exhaust gas stream is preferably quenched to a temperature of less than 280 ° C.
- a capacitor follows the quench zone.
- This has the advantage that reaction conditions which are largely unaffected by the pressure in the condenser occur in the combustion chamber and can easily be kept stable.
- the quenched and water-mixed exhaust gas stream undergoes another thorough mixing in this constriction and then expands into the chamber of the condenser, in which the aqueous components are condensed out, and in this way the mass flow entering the condenser into a liquid, aqueous one and split into a gaseous phase.
- the liquid phase leaving the condenser contains, for example, hydrochloric acid and / or hydrofluoric acid and can be worked up using known methods.
- the gaseous phase leaving the capacitor essentially consists of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and can be used as an energy source or as a feedstock for chemical processes.
- the substance to be disposed of can be used to cool the condenser by arranging a supply line for the substance to be disposed of in a heat-conducting connection with the condenser. This has the advantage that the substance to be disposed of is preheated in a desired manner before entering the combustion chamber, which leads to better use of energy.
- Another heat exchanger inside or on the outside of the condenser can also be used to preheat the water, which may be introduced into the combustion chamber near the burner nozzle. The preheating of this water also helps to make better use of energy.
- the combustion chamber Since the combustion chamber is intended to have the highest possible temperatures, it must consist of a correspondingly heat-resistant material, at least the inner tube in the double-walled tube. In view of the fact that e.g. Hydrochloric acid and / or hydrofluoric acid arise, the material must also withstand their attack.
- the combustion chamber therefore preferably consists of a nickel-based alloy with at least 20% by weight of molybdenum, in particular nickel with 30% by weight of molybdenum.
- the device consists of a combustion chamber 1, a gas burner 2 and a condenser 3.
- the combustion chamber is essentially formed from a double jacket tube 4, to which the gas burners 2 are flanged at one end and the condenser 3 at the opposite end.
- the mixing chamber 9 is connected to the combustion chamber 1 via a nozzle 10 aligned with the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber 1. From the nozzle 10 to the start of the double-walled tube, the interior of the burner widens conically in the manner of a diffuser.
- a supply line 12 provided with a check valve for liquid or gaseous substances to be disposed leads from the side into the housing of the gas burner 2 and opens with a fine nozzle 13 into the nozzle 10, that is to say at a point at which the speed of the combustion
- the mixture of substances and oxygen is the largest and therefore the easiest way to discharge the substance to be disposed of.
- a ring of nozzles 14 is provided, which can be fed on the one hand by a feed line 15 for water and on the other hand by a feed line 16 for a reaction-promoting gas.
- a line 17 for cooling water opens into the annular gap 18 of the double jacket.
- the annular gap 18 is connected to the interior of the reaction chamber 1 via a ring of nozzles 19.
- the combustion chamber narrows conically and opens into a nozzle 20, which in turn opens into the condenser 3.
- the jacket of the condenser carries on its outside a helically arranged tube 21 which serves for heat exchange, the inlet 22 of which is fed, for example, with the substance to be disposed of and the outlet 23 of which is connected to the feed line 12 opening into the gas burner 2.
- a further tubular heat exchanger 24 Inside the condenser 3 there is a further tubular heat exchanger 24, the inlet 25 of which is fed with water and the outlet of which is connected to the feed line 15 via a branch line, not shown.
- the condenser 3 has two outlets, an outlet 27 for gaseous medium and an outlet 28 for liquid medium.
- a sensor 32 for the hydrogen content is provided at the outlet 27.
- the sensor 32 is connected to a controller 33 which controls a control valve 34 which is in the feed line 16 for a reaction-promoting gas, in particular oxygen.
- the controller 33 can regulate the oxygen supply in such a way that the hydrogen content assumes a minimum.
- the device works as follows: A fuel, in particular hydrogen, is introduced through the supply line 5 and oxygen is introduced via the supply line 6 Mix the mixing chamber 9 and flow into the combustion chamber 1 through the nozzle 10. The fuel / oxygen mixture is ignited at the outlet of the nozzle 10. Through the nozzle 13, the substance to be disposed of is injected with pressure into the fuel / oxygen mixture and finely distributed; it is decomposed in hot zone 29, 30.
- the hot zone comprises a flame zone 29, in which the flame burns, and a zone 30 through which the hot exhaust gases of the flame flow, which in this example is approximately twice as long as the flame zone 29.
- Oxygen and the substance to be disposed of are matched to one another in such a way that the decomposition takes place in any case under reducing conditions, namely under an excess of hydrogen.
- hydrogen can additionally be introduced through the line 15 and preheated water through the line 16 as reaction partners for halogens and carbon, which are formed in the course of the decomposition.
- the length of the combustion chamber 1 is dimensioned such that the decomposition is completed until the quench zone 31, which is in the region of the nozzles 19, is reached.
- the hot exhaust gases are quenched with water, which is introduced under pressure into the annular gap 18 through the supply line 17, and approximately therein heated to its boiling temperature and expanded suddenly when it was injected into the combustion chamber 1, partially evaporated in the process and very effectively cooled the exhaust gas stream to a temperature below 350 ° C.
- the cooled exhaust gas stream mixed with water is mixed again in the outlet nozzle 20 and then expands into the condenser 3, in which the water vapor is condensed.
- the device is expediently operated in such a way that a pressure of approximately 5 bar prevails in the reaction chamber.
- the amount of perchlorethylene which can be reacted is approximately 40% and the amount of dichloropropane 1, 2 and trichlorotrifluoroethane is approximately 200% higher than the amount of chlorodifluoromethane which is used for the same process, with the thermal power used can be implemented wisely. In all cases, the implementation is practically complete.
- the chlorinated hydrocarbons still contained in the exhaust gas are far below 1 ppm, fluorinated hydrocarbons were just as undetectable as dioxins and furans.
- the amount of hydrogen still present in the exhaust gas is preferably reduced and the energy balance is thereby improved by measuring the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas stream, preferably behind the condenser, and regulating the oxygen supply in such a way that the hydrogen content tends to a predetermined minimum, which is not less than 1 mol% is selected so that the reducing conditions in the reaction chamber are retained in any case.
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP91902703A EP0506869B1 (de) | 1989-12-23 | 1990-12-21 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entsorgen von substanzen, die halogenierte kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen enthalten |
DE59006728T DE59006728D1 (de) | 1989-12-23 | 1990-12-21 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entsorgen von substanzen, die halogenierte kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen enthalten. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3942962A DE3942962A1 (de) | 1989-12-23 | 1989-12-23 | Verfahren zum entsorgen von substanzen, die halogenierte kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen oder gemische davon enthalten, und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
DEP3942962.8 | 1989-12-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1991009650A2 true WO1991009650A2 (de) | 1991-07-11 |
WO1991009650A3 WO1991009650A3 (de) | 1991-09-19 |
Family
ID=6396442
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1990/002277 WO1991009650A2 (de) | 1989-12-23 | 1990-12-21 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entsorgen von substanzen, die halogenierte kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen enthalten |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0506869B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE109364T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE3942962A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0506869T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1991009650A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2724166A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-03-08 | Univ Orleans | Procede et dispositif de deshalogenation de composes organiques par plasma |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4125517C1 (de) * | 1991-08-01 | 1992-10-29 | Energiewerke Schwarze Pumpe Ag, O-7610 Schwarze Pumpe, De | |
DE59506058D1 (de) * | 1995-03-20 | 1999-07-01 | Schmidt Hermann | Verfahren zur chemothermischen umsetzung fliessfähiger verbindungen und konverter zur durchführung des verfahrens |
US5705140A (en) * | 1995-07-18 | 1998-01-06 | Transformation Technologies, Ltd. | Process for the transformation of halogenated refrigerant gases |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2589372A1 (fr) * | 1985-10-30 | 1987-05-07 | Charbonnages De France | Procede de destruction de produits organiques a effets toxiques et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1260959A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1989-09-26 | Sidney W. Benson | Conversion of halogenated toxic substances |
-
1989
- 1989-12-23 DE DE3942962A patent/DE3942962A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1990
- 1990-12-21 AT AT91902703T patent/ATE109364T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-21 DK DK91902703.7T patent/DK0506869T3/da active
- 1990-12-21 EP EP91902703A patent/EP0506869B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-21 DE DE59006728T patent/DE59006728D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-21 WO PCT/EP1990/002277 patent/WO1991009650A2/de active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2589372A1 (fr) * | 1985-10-30 | 1987-05-07 | Charbonnages De France | Procede de destruction de produits organiques a effets toxiques et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
RGE-Revue Génerale de l'Electricité, Nr. 8, September 1987, (Paris, FR), J.-P. Groo: "Destruction des PCB: procédés en cours de développement", Seiten 158-162 siehe Seite 157, "Vapocraquage haute température" * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2724166A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-03-08 | Univ Orleans | Procede et dispositif de deshalogenation de composes organiques par plasma |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0506869T3 (da) | 1994-12-05 |
WO1991009650A3 (de) | 1991-09-19 |
ATE109364T1 (de) | 1994-08-15 |
EP0506869B1 (de) | 1994-08-03 |
DE59006728D1 (de) | 1994-09-08 |
DE3942962A1 (de) | 1991-06-27 |
EP0506869A1 (de) | 1992-10-07 |
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