WO1991009390A1 - Fire fighting system mainly conceived to safeguard forests - Google Patents
Fire fighting system mainly conceived to safeguard forests Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991009390A1 WO1991009390A1 PCT/EP1990/002244 EP9002244W WO9109390A1 WO 1991009390 A1 WO1991009390 A1 WO 1991009390A1 EP 9002244 W EP9002244 W EP 9002244W WO 9109390 A1 WO9109390 A1 WO 9109390A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- safeguard
- fire fighting
- fighting system
- peripheral
- mainly conceived
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
- G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke
Definitions
- Fire fighting system mainly conceived to safeguard forests
- the invention presented regards an integrated system which is particularly well suited for the safeguard of wooded areas against fires.
- the scope of this invention is therefore a system which offers automatic monitoring of fires.
- the utilisation of infrared sensors and of all the devices which form the system, are a noteworthy step ahead in the safeguard of wooded areas, till present trusted to towers and look out personnel. But of course the most frequent inconvenience has always been the late arrival of fire fighters due to the fact that there has never been an instantaneous detection of fire and alarm transmission.
- the invention consists of two sub assemblies: the remote detector and the local control centre. More than one detector can be connected to the local control centre, in quantities from 5 to 10. For illustrative non limiting purposes the invention will now be decribed with reference to the tables of drawings attached.
- Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the entire system, where the arrows stand for the connections among the units of the system:
- Peripheral detector (usually each system includes more than one detector); this block is expanded in fiure 2;
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the peripheral detector, indicated as block A in figure 1. Here we can see:
- the remote detector consists of:
- An infrared sensor 10 which has a spectral sensitivity such as to provide an optimum detection of hot sources (300-700 degrees C) against an ambient temperature background (0-40 degrees C).
- a spectral sensitivity such as to provide an optimum detection of hot sources (300-700 degrees C) against an ambient temperature background (0-40 degrees C).
- a group of weather sensors 14 which provide data on temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction, solar radiation and rain rate.
- a TV camera 11 for possible visual monitoring of the surveilled area.
- a motor driven platform 12 which confers an azimuth scan to the infrared sensor and to the TV camera over 360 degrees.
- a processor 13 which acquires data from the infrared sensor and provides for extraction of possible alarms, acquires weather sensor data, manages data exchange with the local control centre, from which it receives all commands.
- the infrared sensor data processing is based upon the following procedure: The infrared sensor measures the radiation flow coming from a small angular region, such as 1 degree x 1 degree; the vertical coverage of the sensor is 15 to 20 degrees and is obtained by means of a linear array of sensitive elements. All data coming from a detector is taken into account: in our case taken as an example, there are 360 datum points, one per azimuth degree covered. The number of data may be less if the area to be monitored is only part of a whole
- the processor calculates the value of the derivative of the signal. This provides for the elimination of the signal long term changing effects, on an angle scale of 10 degrees for instance.
- Such variations are typically due to the variation of the angle between the line of sight of the sensor and the position of the sun . On the contrary, point variations are left unchanged, when less or equal to 1 degree, as these are typical signals of fires developing.
- the processor then extracts the mean square value of the fluctuations of the signal subject to derivation for each group of data corresponding to a vertical position which we shall call line .
- Such value is proportional to the fluctuations of the background on the line itself and, multiplied by a suitable constant value, it is taken as a threshold for the detection of possible signals.
- the processor Based upon the threshold determined above, the processor identifies any signal present above such threshold on a line basis. The azimuth angle of the signal is compared with that of signals detected in the previous scans. This is necessary to confer a better reliability to the alarm through a number of consecutive confirmed appearances.
- a communications system 15 such as a radio link remotely controlled by the processor, provides for digital transmission of detected alarms detected by the IR sensor, of weather data and of the TV image to the local control centre.
- the local control centre consists of the following:
- One or more processors with the following functions:
- A Control of the peripheral stations, exchange of commands and data.
- E Recording of data on hard disc or on peripheric units 8 such as tape recorders or optical discs.
- the function provided by the program may be performed during operation of the fire fighting system (called in the following on line functions) or separately (off line).
- the main functions performed by the program are the following:
- Digitising of topographic and thematic maps are the substrate absolutely necessary for the visualization of alarms on the monitor display of the processor and for the development of the forecast algorithms of the fire development.
- Peripheral management This function preferably used off line transports onto paper the graphics displayed on the monitor; this is the documentation required by the fire fighting squads.
- Intervisibility management which is performed between any point of the map and one of the peripheral detection stations. This function is used mostly during setting up of the system and it guides in the selection of the best sighting of the peripheral detectors .
- Forecast of the fire development is based upon the speed and direction of the wind, on ground gradient and type of fuel, resulting in a propagation speed of the fire as a function of absolute azimuth against north.
- the algorithm adopted utilises the following parameters:
- Vfc Variation of the fire propagation speed depending upon the type and humidity of the burning vegetation. Data on the distribution of vegetation is each time read from the data bank.
- - Ci increment constant due to the greater oxygenation due to wind. It is independent of angle with wind direction, but depends on its intensity .
- the program provides a graphic output overlayed on the digitised topographic map showing the successive positions of the fire front edge at pre established time intervals.
- the data which is detected by the infrared sensor 10 are acquired and processed by local processor 13.
- One of the tasks of the processor is also the management of rotating platform 12 onto which the IR sensor and the TV camera 11 are fitted.
- the processor transmits the position of any possible fire together with weather data by means of the communications system 15.
- the TV camera transmits images directly to the local control centre by means of the communications system.
- the data coming from the peripheric detection station 1 is sorted by the communications subsystem 2.
- the TV video is visualized on monitor 6 and can also be recorded 7.
- the infrared sensor data regarding the position of any alarm is fed to processor 3 which places them on the topographic maps.
- the modelling program 4 develops a forecast of the fire evolution in the hours following detections, relying upon historic, weather, vegetation and other data contained in data bank 5.
- the weather data acquired in the last scan are inserted in the data bank.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69028296T DE69028296T2 (de) | 1989-12-20 | 1990-12-19 | Feuerbekämpfungssystem geeignet für Waldüberwachung |
BR909007134A BR9007134A (pt) | 1989-12-20 | 1990-12-19 | Sistema de combate a incendio principalmente concebido para salvaguardar florestas |
CA002047190A CA2047190C (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1990-12-19 | Fire fighting system mainly conceived to safeguard forests |
EP91901284A EP0458938B1 (de) | 1989-12-20 | 1990-12-19 | Feuerbekämpfungssystem geeignet für Waldüberwachung |
GR960402962T GR3021588T3 (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1996-11-07 | Fire fighting system mainly conceived to safeguard forests |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT48686A/89 | 1989-12-20 | ||
IT04868689A IT1237262B (it) | 1989-12-20 | 1989-12-20 | Sistema antincendio prevalentemente concepito per la salvaguardia dei boschi. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1991009390A1 true WO1991009390A1 (en) | 1991-06-27 |
Family
ID=11268042
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1990/002244 WO1991009390A1 (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1990-12-19 | Fire fighting system mainly conceived to safeguard forests |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0458938B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE142039T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9007134A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2047190C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69028296T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2094807T3 (de) |
GR (1) | GR3021588T3 (de) |
IT (1) | IT1237262B (de) |
PT (1) | PT96268B (de) |
TN (1) | TNSN90156A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1991009390A1 (de) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2269454A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-02-09 | Graviner Ltd Kidde | Flame detection by imaging |
EP0611242A1 (de) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-17 | Empresa Nacional Bazan De Construcciones Navales Militares S.A. | System zur Überwachung und Detektierung von Wärmequellen in offenen Gebieten |
DE9417289U1 (de) * | 1994-10-27 | 1995-01-26 | Meinke, Peter, Prof. Dr.-Ing., 82319 Starnberg | Detektoreinrichtung, Detektorsystem und Immunosensor zum Erkennen von Bränden |
WO1997028521A1 (de) * | 1996-02-02 | 1997-08-07 | Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale D'electricite | Vorrichtung zum erzeugen eines alarmes und zur überwachung eines gebietes |
SG84488A1 (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 2001-11-20 | Mutuo Tanaka | Remote monitoring unit |
WO2004107289A1 (es) * | 2003-06-02 | 2004-12-09 | Universidad Politecnica De Valencia | Sistema de vigilancia para la deteccion precoz de incendios |
DE102007007492A1 (de) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Airmatic Gesellschaft für Umwelt und Technik mbH | Verfahren zur integrierten, simulationsbasierten Waldbrandbekämpfung |
EP2720208A2 (de) * | 2011-06-09 | 2014-04-16 | Guangzhou SAT Infrared Technology Co., Ltd. | Waldbrand-frühwarnsystem und verfahren dafür auf basis einer infrarot-wärmeabbildungstechnologie |
CN108096752A (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-01 | 江苏盖亚建筑工程有限公司 | 一种消防系统 |
GR20200100134A (el) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-10-13 | Νικολαος Κωνσταντινου Ζερβος | Συστημα εγκαιρου ανιχνευσης και ειδοποιησης πυρκαγιων |
US11532156B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2022-12-20 | Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co., Ltd. | Methods and systems for fire detection |
US11633636B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2023-04-25 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Wireless neighborhood wildfire defense system network supporting proactive protection of life and property in a neighborhood through GPS-tracking and mapping of environmentally-clean anti-fire (AF) chemical liquid spray applied to the property before wild fires reach the neighborhood |
US11826592B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2023-11-28 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Process of forming strategic chemical-type wildfire breaks on ground surfaces to proactively prevent fire ignition and flame spread, and reduce the production of smoke in the presence of a wild fire |
US11865394B2 (en) | 2017-12-03 | 2024-01-09 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean biodegradable water-based concentrates for producing fire inhibiting and fire extinguishing liquids for fighting class A and class B fires |
US11865390B2 (en) | 2017-12-03 | 2024-01-09 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean water-based fire inhibiting biochemical compositions, and methods of and apparatus for applying the same to protect property against wildfire |
US11911643B2 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2024-02-27 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean fire inhibiting and extinguishing compositions and products for sorbing flammable liquids while inhibiting ignition and extinguishing fire |
Families Citing this family (4)
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CN106355811B (zh) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-05-14 | 河南城建学院 | 一种电气火灾监测系统 |
CN111354152A (zh) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-06-30 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | 一种火焰检测与定位系统 |
CN110251861B (zh) * | 2019-06-19 | 2021-02-09 | 深圳市恒升森林消防装备有限公司 | 一种森林消防灭火系统 |
CN117854213B (zh) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-06-04 | 吉林省林业科学研究院(吉林省林业生物防治中心站) | 一种基于气象数据的森林防火监测预警系统及方法 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0148949A1 (de) * | 1983-03-31 | 1985-07-24 | Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Feuermeldegerät |
-
1989
- 1989-12-20 IT IT04868689A patent/IT1237262B/it active IP Right Grant
-
1990
- 1990-12-19 DE DE69028296T patent/DE69028296T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-19 AT AT91901284T patent/ATE142039T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-19 PT PT96268A patent/PT96268B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-19 EP EP91901284A patent/EP0458938B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-19 ES ES91901284T patent/ES2094807T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-19 WO PCT/EP1990/002244 patent/WO1991009390A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-12-19 CA CA002047190A patent/CA2047190C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-19 BR BR909007134A patent/BR9007134A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-20 TN TNTNSN90156A patent/TNSN90156A1/fr unknown
-
1996
- 1996-11-07 GR GR960402962T patent/GR3021588T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0148949A1 (de) * | 1983-03-31 | 1985-07-24 | Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Feuermeldegerät |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Gretsi, 11th Colloque sur le Traitement du Signal et des Images, Nice, 1-5 June 1987, G. Jacovitti et al.: "A real time image processor for automatic bright spot detection", pages 587-590 * |
Telcom Report, volume 6, part 2, April 1983, (Passau, DE), T. Tussing: "Pulsmeldetechnik setzt neue Massstàbe im Brandschutz", see figure 5; left-hand column, pages 9-19 * |
Cited By (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2269454A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-02-09 | Graviner Ltd Kidde | Flame detection by imaging |
GB2269454B (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1996-06-05 | Graviner Ltd Kidde | Flame detection method and apparatus |
SG84488A1 (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 2001-11-20 | Mutuo Tanaka | Remote monitoring unit |
EP0611242A1 (de) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-17 | Empresa Nacional Bazan De Construcciones Navales Militares S.A. | System zur Überwachung und Detektierung von Wärmequellen in offenen Gebieten |
ES2070710A2 (es) * | 1993-02-10 | 1995-06-01 | Nacional Bazan De Construccion | Sistema de vigilancia y deteccion de focos de calor en areas abiertas . |
US5557260A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1996-09-17 | Empresa Nacional Bazan De Construcciones Naval Militares, S.A. | System for the monitoring and detection of heat sources in open areas |
DE9417289U1 (de) * | 1994-10-27 | 1995-01-26 | Meinke, Peter, Prof. Dr.-Ing., 82319 Starnberg | Detektoreinrichtung, Detektorsystem und Immunosensor zum Erkennen von Bränden |
WO1997028521A1 (de) * | 1996-02-02 | 1997-08-07 | Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale D'electricite | Vorrichtung zum erzeugen eines alarmes und zur überwachung eines gebietes |
WO2004107289A1 (es) * | 2003-06-02 | 2004-12-09 | Universidad Politecnica De Valencia | Sistema de vigilancia para la deteccion precoz de incendios |
ES2235605A1 (es) * | 2003-06-02 | 2005-07-01 | Universidad Politecnica De Valencia | Sistema de vigilancia para la deteccion precoz de incendios. |
DE102007007492A1 (de) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Airmatic Gesellschaft für Umwelt und Technik mbH | Verfahren zur integrierten, simulationsbasierten Waldbrandbekämpfung |
EP2720208A2 (de) * | 2011-06-09 | 2014-04-16 | Guangzhou SAT Infrared Technology Co., Ltd. | Waldbrand-frühwarnsystem und verfahren dafür auf basis einer infrarot-wärmeabbildungstechnologie |
US20140192184A1 (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2014-07-10 | Guangzhou Sat Infrared Technology Co., Ltd. | Forest fire early-warning system and method based on infrared thermal imaging technology |
EP2720208A4 (de) * | 2011-06-09 | 2014-12-31 | Guangzhou Sat Infrared Technology Co Ltd | Waldbrand-frühwarnsystem und verfahren dafür auf basis einer infrarot-wärmeabbildungstechnologie |
US9666050B2 (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2017-05-30 | Guangzhou Sat Infrared Technology Co. Ltd. | Forest fire early-warning system and method based on infrared thermal imaging technology |
US11532156B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2022-12-20 | Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co., Ltd. | Methods and systems for fire detection |
US11697039B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2023-07-11 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Wireless communication network, GPS-tracked back-pack spraying systems and command center configured for proactively spraying environmentally-safe anti-fire chemical liquid on property surfaces to inhibit fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wild fire |
US11697041B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2023-07-11 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Method of proactively defending combustible property against fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wild fire |
US11633636B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2023-04-25 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Wireless neighborhood wildfire defense system network supporting proactive protection of life and property in a neighborhood through GPS-tracking and mapping of environmentally-clean anti-fire (AF) chemical liquid spray applied to the property before wild fires reach the neighborhood |
US11638844B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2023-05-02 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Method of proactively protecting property from wild fire by spraying environmentally-clean anti-fire chemical liquid on property surfaces prior to wild fire arrival using remote sensing and GPS-tracking and mapping enabled spraying |
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US11730987B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2023-08-22 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | GPS tracking and mapping wildfire defense system network for proactively defending homes and neighborhoods against threat of wild fire by spraying environmentally-safe anti-fire chemical liquid on property surfaces to inhibit fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wild fire |
US11707639B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2023-07-25 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Wireless communication network, GPS-tracked mobile spraying systems, and a command system configured for proactively spraying environmentally-safe anti-fire chemical liquid on combustible property surfaces to protect property against fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wild fire |
US11865394B2 (en) | 2017-12-03 | 2024-01-09 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean biodegradable water-based concentrates for producing fire inhibiting and fire extinguishing liquids for fighting class A and class B fires |
US11865390B2 (en) | 2017-12-03 | 2024-01-09 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean water-based fire inhibiting biochemical compositions, and methods of and apparatus for applying the same to protect property against wildfire |
CN108096752A (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-01 | 江苏盖亚建筑工程有限公司 | 一种消防系统 |
US11826592B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2023-11-28 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Process of forming strategic chemical-type wildfire breaks on ground surfaces to proactively prevent fire ignition and flame spread, and reduce the production of smoke in the presence of a wild fire |
GR20200100134A (el) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-10-13 | Νικολαος Κωνσταντινου Ζερβος | Συστημα εγκαιρου ανιχνευσης και ειδοποιησης πυρκαγιων |
US11911643B2 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2024-02-27 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean fire inhibiting and extinguishing compositions and products for sorbing flammable liquids while inhibiting ignition and extinguishing fire |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9007134A (pt) | 1991-12-17 |
ATE142039T1 (de) | 1996-09-15 |
ES2094807T3 (es) | 1997-02-01 |
CA2047190A1 (en) | 1991-06-21 |
EP0458938A1 (de) | 1991-12-04 |
PT96268B (pt) | 1998-07-31 |
EP0458938B1 (de) | 1996-08-28 |
DE69028296T2 (de) | 1997-04-24 |
CA2047190C (en) | 1999-05-11 |
TNSN90156A1 (fr) | 1991-03-05 |
PT96268A (pt) | 1992-09-30 |
IT1237262B (it) | 1993-05-27 |
DE69028296D1 (de) | 1996-10-02 |
IT8948686A0 (it) | 1989-12-21 |
GR3021588T3 (en) | 1997-02-28 |
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