WO1991000122A1 - Methodes, appareillage et produits pour eteindre le feu - Google Patents

Methodes, appareillage et produits pour eteindre le feu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991000122A1
WO1991000122A1 PCT/GB1990/000952 GB9000952W WO9100122A1 WO 1991000122 A1 WO1991000122 A1 WO 1991000122A1 GB 9000952 W GB9000952 W GB 9000952W WO 9100122 A1 WO9100122 A1 WO 9100122A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
substance according
gas
dissolved
fire
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1990/000952
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Nicholas Ball
David John Spring
Simon John Davies
Original Assignee
Kidde-Graviner Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kidde-Graviner Limited filed Critical Kidde-Graviner Limited
Publication of WO1991000122A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991000122A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0092—Gaseous extinguishing substances, e.g. liquefied gases, carbon dioxide snow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C13/00—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use
    • A62C13/62—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with a single permanently pressurised container
    • A62C13/64—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with a single permanently pressurised container the extinguishing material being released by means of a valve
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods, apparatus and substances for extinguishing fires.
  • a fire extinguishing substance comprising water containing dissolved gas which is held in solution by applied pressure.
  • fire extinguishing apparatus comprising a container having a normally closed outlet and partially filled with water and containing carbon dioxide part of which is dissolved within the water and the remainder of which is not dissolved in the water and pressurises the water within the container such that openi ⁇ ro, of the outlet causes the water to be ejected in droplet form and the droplets to break up thereafter under the influence of the carbon dioxide dissolved in them.
  • a method of extinguishing fires comprising the steps of dissolving a gas within water, and projecting the water towards the fire in relatively large droplet form initially such that the dissolved gas thereafter escapes from the droplets thereby breaking them up into smaller droplets.
  • the fire extinguisher comprises a generally cylindrical metal casing 10 built to withstand relatively high internal pressure and having an outlet arrangement 12.
  • the outlet arrangement 12 incorporates a valve arrangement 14 which will not be described in detail but may take any convenient form.
  • the valve arrangement opens and extinguishant (to be described below) passes under high pressure into the outlet arrangement 12 and thence through an outlet 15.
  • One suitable form of valve arrangement comprises a valve member which normally blocks the interior of the container 10 from the outlet arrangement 12 but which may be released rapidly by electrical energisation of a detonator which explosively opens the valve member.
  • the container 10 contains an extinguishant in the form of water 16 partially filling the container but leaving a space 18.
  • the space 18 is pressurised with a gas, the pressure of this gas causing the extinguishant water 16 to be ejected at high velocity through the outlet 15 when the valve arrangement 14 opens.
  • the gas 18 (which may be a mixture of gases) is so chosen that it or one of its component gases is significantly soluble in water.
  • the quantity of gas placed in the container during initial filling is such that, taking into account the following factors, namely
  • the pressure of the gas in the space 18 is sufficient to cause the water to be ejected satisfactorily through the outlet 15 when the valve arrangement is opened and throughout the temperature range over which operation is required.
  • the pressure of the gas in the space 18 is such that, when the extinguisher is operated, the water emerging from the outlet 15 will be in droplet form. However, and as already explained, the water contains a significant amount of dissolved gas and each such droplet will therefore contain dissolved gas. As the droplets emerge from the outlet into the ambient atmosphere and are propelled towards the fire, the gas pressure within each droplet, no longer restrained by the pressure of the gas in the space 18, will cause it to break up producing significantly smaller droplets. Such significantly smaller droplets have greater fire extinguishant capability than the initial relatively large droplets.
  • the relatively large initial size of the droplets is advantageous because it has the effect that they are propelled further by the gas pressure than would small droplets. However, because they break up into much smaller droplets as they are propelled towards the seat of the fire, they give the extinguishant a greater fire extinguishant capability than it would otherwise have.
  • the gas 18 is carbon dioxide.
  • Carbon dioxide has a very significant solubility in water, amounting to around 60 grams per litre of water at 20 C and at a carbon dioxide pressure of 5.1MPa.
  • Another suitable gas is nitrous oxide, N_0.
  • a suitable agent is added to the water 16 to increase the solubility of the gas in it.
  • suitable solubility increasing agents are phosphates, such as dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, K 2 HP0.; carbonates, such as potassium carbonate K-CO,, or sodium carbonate, Na_CO_; borate salts, such as disodium tetraborate, Na_B 4 0 7 ; a ino compounds, such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 6-amino-n-hexanoic acid, tri(hydroxymethyl)methylamine, glycine, lysine, phenyl alanine, aspartic acid, or proline; and citrates, such as sodium citrate,
  • the water advantageously also includes an anti-freeze agent (which may be the same substance as the solubility increasing agent, such as dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, or potassium carbonate).
  • an anti-freeze agent which may be the same substance as the solubility increasing agent, such as dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, or potassium carbonate.
  • a surfactant may also be added with advantage, particularly if the surfactant is of the anionic type, e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate, or sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate and the like, or of the cationic type, e.g. lauryl trimethylammonium chloride and the like.
  • the surfactant is of the anionic type, e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate, or sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate and the like, or of the cationic type, e.g. lauryl trimethylammonium chloride and the like.
  • Suitable arrangements, not shown, are incorporated for enabling the container 10 to be re-filled and re-pressurised after use.
  • the gas 18 may be a single component. However, as stated, it need not be wholly composed of the same gas as is dissolved in the water 16. Mixtures of gases which have differing solubilities in water 16 may be used.
  • a relatively soluble gas such as carbon dioxide
  • a relatively insoluble gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium. This permits the total pressure in the container to be raised above that achievable by the soluble gas alone.
  • a small amount of a nucleating agent can be added to the water to improve the evolution rate of the gas from solution when the pressure is released.
  • nucleating agents have to be essentially insoluble in the water. Examples of suitable nucleating agents are silica, talc, or feldspar.

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Un extincteur se compose d'une cuve (10) renfermant de l'eau (16) qui est mise sous pression par du dioxyde de carbone à haute pression, dans un espace (18). En raison de sa solubilité dans l'eau, on maintient dans l'eau une quantité importante de dioxyde de carbone en solution. Lorsqu'un dispositif de soupape (14) s'ouvre, la pression du gaz à l'intérieur de la cuve force l'eau à passer par un orifice (15), au début sous forme de gouttes relativement grosses, qui, en raison de leur taille, sont projetées de manière optimale vers le centre du feu. Cependant, au fur et à mesure que les gouttes sont projetées sur le feu, le dioxyde de carbone dissous dans chaque goutte sort de la solution et casse les gouttes en gouttes plus petites, ceci provoquant un accroissement significatif du pouvoir d'extinction de l'eau sur le feu. L'eau peut comprendre des phosphates et/ou des citrates qui permettent d'accroître la solubilité du dioxyde de carbone dans l'eau; l'eau peut également comprendre un agent anti-gel et un agent tensio-actif.
PCT/GB1990/000952 1989-06-23 1990-06-21 Methodes, appareillage et produits pour eteindre le feu WO1991000122A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB898914458A GB8914458D0 (en) 1989-06-23 1989-06-23 Methods,apparatus and substances for extinguishing fires
GB8914458.8 1989-06-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991000122A1 true WO1991000122A1 (fr) 1991-01-10

Family

ID=10658951

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1990/000952 WO1991000122A1 (fr) 1989-06-23 1990-06-21 Methodes, appareillage et produits pour eteindre le feu

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0478625A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5832090A (fr)
GB (2) GB8914458D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991000122A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993009848A1 (fr) * 1991-11-12 1993-05-27 Laursen Torbjoern Gerner Procede d'extinction de feu par une combinaison de gaz respirable et de vaporisation d'eau
WO1993010859A1 (fr) * 1991-11-26 1993-06-10 Sundholm Goeran Materiel anti-incendies
WO1994008659A1 (fr) * 1992-10-20 1994-04-28 Sundholm Goeran Procede et installation de lutte contre le feu
US6450780B1 (en) 1997-12-03 2002-09-17 Sundyne Corporation Method for generating over-pressure gas

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060016608A1 (en) * 2004-07-21 2006-01-26 Kidde Ip Holdings Limited Discharge of fire extinguishing agent
CA2672151A1 (fr) 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Akzo Nobel N.V. Tensioactifs de type alkylamidopropyldialkylamines servant d'adjuvants
US9192798B2 (en) 2011-10-25 2015-11-24 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Automatic fire extinguishing system with gaseous and dry powder fire suppression agents
US9308406B2 (en) 2011-10-25 2016-04-12 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Automatic fire extinguishing system having outlet dimensions sized relative to propellant gas pressure
US9463341B2 (en) 2011-10-25 2016-10-11 Kidde Technologies, Inc. N2/CO2 fire extinguishing system propellant gas mixture
US9302128B2 (en) 2011-10-25 2016-04-05 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Automatic fire extinguishing system with internal dip tube
US9168406B2 (en) 2012-03-15 2015-10-27 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Automatic actuation of a general purpose hand extinguisher
CL2018002961A1 (es) * 2018-10-17 2019-03-08 Hewstone Oliger Juan Cristian Sistema de sofocamiento y enfriamiento instantáneo para la extinción de incendios

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0014786A1 (fr) * 1979-02-16 1980-09-03 Kabo Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Extincteur
US4622209A (en) * 1979-04-25 1986-11-11 Societe Chimique Des Charbonnages-Cdf Chimie Process and apparatus for reducing the chances of ignition and explosion due to the decomposition of high-pressure industrial process gases
WO1988000482A1 (fr) * 1986-07-18 1988-01-28 Toj Produktions- Und Handelsgesellschaft Für Techn Produit, notamment de lutte contre les incendies et d'impregnation ignifuge
EP0277932A1 (fr) * 1987-01-30 1988-08-10 Monsanto Company Concentrés retardateurs d'incendie et procédés pour leur préparation

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB470458A (en) * 1935-02-11 1937-08-10 Guillaume Weber Method and means for acting against fires
GB1066864A (en) * 1964-01-13 1967-04-26 Kidde Walter Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to pressure vessels

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0014786A1 (fr) * 1979-02-16 1980-09-03 Kabo Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Extincteur
US4622209A (en) * 1979-04-25 1986-11-11 Societe Chimique Des Charbonnages-Cdf Chimie Process and apparatus for reducing the chances of ignition and explosion due to the decomposition of high-pressure industrial process gases
WO1988000482A1 (fr) * 1986-07-18 1988-01-28 Toj Produktions- Und Handelsgesellschaft Für Techn Produit, notamment de lutte contre les incendies et d'impregnation ignifuge
EP0277932A1 (fr) * 1987-01-30 1988-08-10 Monsanto Company Concentrés retardateurs d'incendie et procédés pour leur préparation

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993009848A1 (fr) * 1991-11-12 1993-05-27 Laursen Torbjoern Gerner Procede d'extinction de feu par une combinaison de gaz respirable et de vaporisation d'eau
WO1993010859A1 (fr) * 1991-11-26 1993-06-10 Sundholm Goeran Materiel anti-incendies
US5632337A (en) * 1991-11-26 1997-05-27 Sundholm; Goeran Fire-fighting equipment
WO1994008659A1 (fr) * 1992-10-20 1994-04-28 Sundholm Goeran Procede et installation de lutte contre le feu
AU674890B2 (en) * 1992-10-20 1997-01-16 Marioff Corporation Oy Method and installation for fighting fire
US5676210A (en) * 1992-10-20 1997-10-14 Sundholm; Goeran Method and installation for fighting fire
CN1045172C (zh) * 1992-10-20 1999-09-22 戈兰森德霍尔姆 灭火的方法和装置
US6450780B1 (en) 1997-12-03 2002-09-17 Sundyne Corporation Method for generating over-pressure gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5832090A (en) 1991-01-17
EP0478625A1 (fr) 1992-04-08
GB8914458D0 (en) 1989-08-09
GB2233226A (en) 1991-01-09
GB9013856D0 (en) 1990-08-15

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