WO1990005834A1

WO1990005834A1 - Process and device for quarrying and open-cast mining

Info

Publication number: WO1990005834A1
Application number: PCT/AT1988/000102
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gottfried Hochegger
Original assignee: Gottfried Hochegger
Priority date: 1988-11-24
Filing date: 1988-11-24
Publication date: 1990-05-31
Also published as: EP0419472A1; JPH03500910A

Abstract

In a process for obtaining rock, minerals or coal by open-cast mining without excavators and loaders, footwall batteries (1) with an angle of inclination greater than 40° are exploded in portions dependent on the capacity of the conveyor (5). The conveyor (5) is brought right up to the slope of the fallen rock. A collecting and damping device (6, 13, 14) mounted on the conveyor (5) collects the falling won materials and prevents damage to the conveyor and to the collecting and damping device.

Description

Wind instrument

The invention relates to a wind instrument which is provided with flaps for changing the tone, with which openings which determine the pitch can optionally be locked, the flaps being filled with an in situ solidified plastic mass to form a sealing insert.

The invention further relates to a method for producing the flap seal of such a blowing instrument. Wind instruments of the aforementioned type are e.g. the flute, the saxophone, the clarinet, the oboe, the bassoon, the piccolo.

In the case of wind instruments of the aforementioned type, the formation of the sealing inserts provided in the flaps is of great importance. The formation of these sealing inserts is of great importance for the playing and sound properties of such instruments and also for the amount of work that is required for the production or installation of such sealing inserts both when producing such instruments and in the event of repairs. It can be mentioned here that felt discs which have been provided with a coating from an intestinal skin have hitherto usually been used as a sealing insert in such wind instruments. The installation of such sealing inserts requires a great deal of expertise and skill and is also associated with a great deal of work, which is due, among other things, to the fact that the bottom surface of the flaps generally has unevenness and profiles, and the flaps are eccentric with respect to the openings to be closed are stored, and that usually the edge of the openings to be closed on the wind instruments is not exactly flat. A tight closing of the flaps is necessary for a musically perfect function of the instruments; In order to achieve this using the aforementioned sealing inserts, which consist of coated felt disks, an individual compensating leveling must be carried out between the flap bottom and the sealing insert, which causes a lot of work. Formations have also become known in which the flaps of wind instruments of the type in question here are filled with a plastic mass that solidifies in situ to form a sealing insert. It has emerged that the mutual coordination of an inexpensive and simple workflow for the formation of the sealing insert on the one hand and the achievement of good sound properties and good playability on the other hand is difficult in some cases and always requires good expertise in several technical fields .

It is an object of the present invention to provide a wind instrument of the type mentioned at the outset and a method for producing the flap seals of such an instrument, in which the pursuit of good sound and playing properties and at the same time the pursuit of simple construction and simple manufacture can easily be met can be.

The wind instrument of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that on the side of the plastic mass filling the flap facing the opening to be closed there is provided a support made of a flexible plastic porous, preferably closed-pore, elastomer material backfilled by this plastic mass in situ. This design provides a wind instrument in which the above-mentioned objective has been met well. The pad made of a soft, resilient, porous elastomer material, which faces the opening to be closed with the flap in question and comes to rest on the edge of the flap, gives good playing properties both during the opening and closing process of the flaps due to the low-noise, full placement and achievable smooth and quiet lifting of the sealing inserts from the openings to be closed; it allows this edition to further achieve good sound properties, it being possible to mention that the vibrations emerging from the openings in question when the flaps are open directly affect the vibrations even when the flaps are open meet the surfaces of the sealing inserts in front of the relevant openings. With regard to the support of the supports at the edge of the opening to be closed, it has been found that by backfilling the supports with an in-situ solidifying plastic mass, the support comes to rest on the entire edge and, in practice, the small unevenness of the edge of the compensates for the openings to be closed; At the same time, unevenness in the valve base and the influences resulting from the geometry of the valve bearing are compensated for by the plastic mass, which backfills the support and solidifies in situ. An elastic plastic mass can be selected in the direction of view to enable a simple and rapid filling and solidification process, because the requirements placed on the playing properties and the sound are met to a substantial extent by the intended edition .

An advantageous embodiment of the wind instrument designed according to the invention is characterized in that the support, which is backfilled by the plastic mass in situ, is a thin plate made of porous plastic, in particular porous PVC, polyurethane or polyethylene. This embodiment allows a very good seating of the support at the edge of the opening to be closed and also good sound properties to be achieved in a simple manner. Porous rubber can also be used advantageously.

It can also be advantageously provided that the support has a plastic coating on its side facing the opening to be closed or a soft plastic film or a skin, such as, for example, intestinal skin or fish bladder, the plastic film or skin being glued or welded to the support. An elastomer, for example an elastomeric polyurethane or silicone rubber, can advantageously be used as the material for this plastic coating or plastic film. It can be mentioned here that by matching the material and the thickness of such on the outside can be achieved that the sound of the instrument is not noticeably influenced by this coating or film, ie that the advantageous influence of the support on the sound properties of the instrument is retained. It is of course to be ensured that when the plastic film or the skin is connected to the overlay, which connection is made by gluing or welding, there are no noticeable hardenings or inhomogeneities. Gluing with a double-sided thin adhesive film (0.05 mm) has proven itself. By covering the overlay with a plastic coating or plastic film, a considerably longer durability of the sealing inserts can be achieved, in particular if the openings to be closed have a relatively narrow edge, as is the case, for example, with flutes made of metal. It is also possible to form the support from an open-pore elastomer in such a design. The gluing or welding of a plastic film or the gluing of a skin to the pad can be done over the entire surface; however, such a connection can also be provided only on parts of the surface of the support and, for example, let the film rest loosely on the support in a ring area and be fixed on the support outside of this ring area and within it.

The thickness of the support is advantageously chosen to be less than 1 mm. The thickness of a plastic coating or plastic film covering the support is advantageously chosen to be about 0.02 mm to 0.3 m.

In an advantageous embodiment, the support is a thin plate made of porous PVC, which has a coating of polyurethane. The plate can have a thickness of 0.9 mm and the coating a thickness of 0.002 to 0.2 mm. The coating ^{^} effectively prevents plasticizers from migrating out of the PVC material.

It is also particularly advantageous if the support or a plastic coating provided on the support, Plastic film or skin has a fine, rough surface structure.

Such a fine-rough design results in a good seating of the flaps at the edge of the openings to be closed and at the same time counteracts the occurrence of sticking phenomena, so that the flaps can be easily lifted off.

The roughness can advantageously be selected in the range from 1 μm to 20 μm, depending on the elasticity of the surface. A value of 3 μm has proven itself well.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of a fine-rough surface structure can be obtained in terms of its functional properties, in particular avoiding sticking phenomena that is effective over long periods of time, if a fine-grained material is embedded in the surface in question. A granular material with self-lubricating properties is preferably provided for this. The fine-grained material can be provided in a surface layer, which forms a coating of the support; such a coating can be formed by applying a lacquer-like mass, advantageously a polyurethane mass, to the support.

It is also possible, if necessary, to provide an insert plate made of cardboard or of a plastic which is harder than this plastic composition, in order to fine-tune the sound on the flap bottom or in the plastic mass filling the flap in question.

The method according to the invention for the production of the flap seals of a wind instrument designed as mentioned above is characterized in that a plate made of soft-elastic, porous elastomer material for forming the support is placed on the opening to be closed with the flap and is detachably fixed thereon, and that the flap in question is filled with a solidifiable plastic mass and brought into that position which corresponds to the closed position provided for this flap in the finished instrument, and is held in this position. wherein the plastic mass backfills the pad, and the plastic mass is solidified, and then the fixation of the pad to the opening is released. In this way, sealing inserts can be formed in the flaps of the instrument, which are correctly positioned with respect to the openings and which have a shape that exactly follows this edge at the edge of the opening, so that the sealing inserts fit snugly on the openings to be closed is guaranteed. It is favorable if a plate is used as a plate made of porous elastomer, which has a plastic layer on its surface, in the outside of which fine-grained material is embedded. It is provided according to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention that a silicone rubber or an elastic polyurethane wet is used as the plastic composition, both in terms of the solidification process of the plastic composition and in terms of the mechanical properties which influence the backfilling and pressing of the support against the opening edge , is an advantage.

In the simplest case, the supports can be fixed to the edge of the openings to be closed with an easily removable adhesive, e.g. a latex emulsion. After loosening the fixation, the adhesive (or the adhesive residues that still adhere to the support or on the edge of the opening after the support has been removed) is removed.

Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a magnetic material is arranged on the support and the support is drawn with a magnet that attracts this magnetic material against the edge of the opening to be closed until the plastic mass located in the flap Has backfilled the pad. This embodiment has the advantage that after the plastic mass filling the backing has solidified, the release of the support can be carried out very easily by canceling the magnetic field that fixes the support and no work is required for cleaning the pad and the opening edge of adhesive residues.

The invention will now be further explained with reference to examples, which are shown schematically in the drawing. The drawing shows:

1 shows an embodiment of a wind instrument designed according to the invention in a cross section led through a flap of such an instrument,

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a wind instrument designed according to the invention in a cross section similar to FIG. 1,

3 to 7 a wind instrument in successive stages of the method according to the invention, and

8 shows a variant of the stage according to FIG. 4.

The wind instrument shown in Fig. 1 has a tube

2, on which a number of openings are provided, which can be opened and closed optionally to change the pitch. Such an opening 3 is shown in FIG. 1, which can be locked with a flap 6. The opening 3 is as e.g. is the case with flutes made of metal, surrounded by a chimney 4, which in turn is molded or soldered to the tube 2. At the edge 5 of the opening

3 comes to close this opening, a sealing insert 7 arranged in the flap 6 comes to rest. The sealing insert 7 is formed by a plastic compound 8 with which the flap 6 is filled and by a support 9 which is provided on the side of the plastic compound 8 filling the flap 6 facing the opening 3 to be closed. The plastic compound 8 backfills the pad 9 and fills the space in the flap between the pad 9 and the flap bottom 10; the plastic mass 8 has solidified in situ in this space. The support 9 consists of a soft, elastic, porous material, for example soft, closed-cell plastic film; Such porous materials result in a very good sound behavior of the instrument. The backfilling of the support 9 with a plastic mass 8, which has been solidified in situ, results in an exact full The sealing insert 7 bears against the edge 5 of the opening 3 when the flap 6 is closed, the soft elastic resilience of the support 9 allowing good playing properties to be achieved and disturbing closing and opening noises are practically eliminated when the flap 6 is actuated. The properties of the material from which the pad 9 is formed result in a favorable sound behavior of the instrument; This can be explained by the fact that the support 9 causes an undesired change in the sound emerging from open openings 3 of the instrument, which initially affects the surface 7a of the sealing insert 7 or the support 9 facing the opening 3 in question Sealing insert hits, is avoided, and that there is no undesirable influence on the standing waves occurring in the instrument on the closed flaps.

The embodiment of a wind instrument shown in FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that the support 9 carries on its side facing the opening 3 of the instrument to be closed a soft plastic film 12, which on its outside 12a is smooth. The plastic film 12 is glued or welded to the support 9. To glue the plastic film 12 to the support 9, for example, a thin adhesive film coated on two sides with adhesive can be used; for example, an adhesive film with a total thickness of 0.05 mm can be used. Instead of an adhesive connection by means of such a double-sided adhesive film, it is also possible to provide an adhesive connection using an adhesive coated between the support 9 and the plastic film 12 or an adhesive applied to the plastic film 12 or the support 9. If the materials from which the support 9 and the plastic film 12 are made can be welded to one another, a welded connection of the support 9 to the plastic film 12 can also be considered. Instead of a plastic film, it is also possible to use soft, mechanically resistant skin, such as, for example, intestinal skin or fish bladder. The provision is particularly important with regard to the manufacture a plastic coating on the pad 9 instead of providing the film 12 is advantageous. Such a coating can consist, for example, of soft elastic polyurethane.

In the method according to the invention, an instrument whose flaps to be provided with flap seals do not have a sealing insert (FIG. 3) is assumed, and a plate 14 made of a soft, elastic, porous elastomer material is placed on the opening 3 to be closed with the flap 6 in question placed and detachably attached to this opening. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 4, a magnetic material 15, which has the shape of a small disk, for example, can be provided on the support plate 14, and the support plate 14 against the edge 5 with a magnet 16 that attracts this magnetic material 15 pull the opening 3 to be closed and in this way fix the support plate 14 to the opening to be closed with the relevant flap. The flap 6, as shown in FIG. 5, is further filled with a plastic mass 17 and brought into its closed position (FIG. 6); in the course of the movement of the flap 6 into the closed position, the plastic mass fills the plate 14 provided for forming the support and fills the space behind the plate 14 in the flap 6, the plate 14 snugly against the edge 5 of the opening 3 is pressed, taking on a shape that exactly follows the course of the edge 5. The flap 6 is supported as precisely as possible in the position that corresponds to the closed position, so that the flap later, after completion of the flap seal, comes to rest as precisely as possible in the closed position provided for the flap in question at the opening to be closed. This is important for achieving good playing properties and good sound properties. This is particularly true when several flaps are mechanically coupled so that they can be opened and closed either individually or together, a joint movement of such flaps requiring careful coordination of the movements. The plastic mass 17 is hardened in situ, for example by giving it a suitable hardener admits and / or provides for appropriate measures that promote hardening, such as heat application. As soon as the flap 6 has reached its closed position and the plastic mass 17 has backfilled the support plate 14, the magnetic fixation of the plate can be released by switching off or removing the magnet used. However, this fixation is preferably left until the plastic mass 17 solidifies. If the plastic mass 17 has solidified and the fixation is removed by removing or switching off the magnet used, the flap 6, which is now provided with a sealing insert 7, can be opened (FIG. 7). If desired, the magnetic material can now be removed from the support 9 formed from the plate 14 and the sealing insert can be cleaned from attached plastic residues which have escaped in the course of the formation of the sealing insert by using an excess of plastic compound.

If the pad 9 of the sealing insert 7 to be produced has a plastic film 12 on its side facing the opening to be closed, it is advantageous if a corresponding plastic film is glued or welded onto the plate 14 provided for forming the plate 9 before the plate on the closing opening is arranged and backfilled with a plastic mass 17.

For temporary magnetic fixation of the plate

14 differently constructed magnets can be used on the opening 3 to be closed; you can use magnetic coils with or without an iron core, which are attached to the magnetic material

15 exert an attractive effect, arrange on the side opposite the opening 3 in question outside the instrument and thus pull the plate 14 in question against the edge 5 of the opening 3 concerned; in a similar way one can also work using a permanent magnet. A particularly exact setting of the force pulling the plate 14 against the edge 5 of the opening 3 can be achieved with a magnet which has pole shoes 18 which can be inserted into the tube 2 of the instrument. The magnet coil of such a magnet can be between the pole shoes 18 in the tube 2 or be arranged outside of this tube; one can also provide a variant in such a way that an air gap or a gap filled with non-magnetic material (tube 2) is present between the pole shoes 18 inserted into the tube 2 and a magnet coil or a corresponding permanent magnet arranged outside the tube 2 The field runs to the pole pieces 18, which then pulls the plate 14 against the edge 5 of the opening 3.

FIG. 8 illustrates how the plate 14 provided for forming the support can be fixed to the edge 5 of the opening 3 using an adhesive. You bring for example an adhesive in the form of a very thin layer 20, which gives a slight adhesive effect with respect to the edge 5, on the side of the plate 14 facing the edge 5. After simply pressing the plate 14 onto the edge 5, which pressing can optionally be supported by the action of heat or the like, the plate adheres to the edge of the opening 3 and, as explained above, can be backfilled with a plastic compound, the plate adhering to the edge of the opening 3 is pressed firmly and the interior of the flap 6 in question is filled with the plastic compound. The adhesive force of the adhesive is selected so that the flap 6 can be opened after the plastic compound has hardened, releasing the adhesive fixation. Then the pad 9 and the edge 5 are cleaned of adhesive residues, and the sealing insert is thus completed.

In order to counteract any sticking phenomena, the surface 7a of the support facing the opening 3 to be closed or the surface 12a of a film, coating or the like can advantageously be formed with a fine-rough surface structure. For this, as explained above, e.g. embed a fine-grained material in the surface.

Claims

Claims:

1. Wind instrument, which is provided for changing the pitch with flaps with which the pitch-determining openings can optionally be locked, these flaps being filled to form a sealing insert with a solidified plastic mass in situ, characterized in that the opening to be closed is turned On the side of the plastic mass that fills the flap, a support made of a flexible, flexible, porous, preferably closed-pored, elastomer material is provided in situ through this plastic mass.

2. Wind instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the pad backfilled by the plastic mass in situ is a thin plate made of porous plastic, in particular porous PVC, polyurethane or polyethylene.

3. A wind instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the pad backfilled by the plastics material in situ is a thin plate made of porous rubber.

4. Wind instrument according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the support consisting of porous elastomeric material carries a plastic coating on its side facing the opening to be closed or a soft plastic film or skin, which film or skin, e.g. Gut skin or fish bladder, is glued or welded to the pad.

5. Wind instrument according to claims 2 and 4, characterized in that the support is a thin plate made of porous PVC, which carries a coating of polyurethane.

6. Wind instrument according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the side of the support facing the opening to be closed has a fine-rough surface structure.

7. Wind instrument according to claim 4 or 5, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the opening to be closed facing Side of the plastic coating, plastic film or skin has a fine-rough surface structure.

8. Wind instrument according to claim 6 or 7, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the rough surface is formed by a fine-grained material which is embedded in the surface.

9. Wind instrument according to claim 8, characterized in that the granular material is a granular material with self-lubricating properties.

10. Wind instrument according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an insert plate made of cardboard or of a plastic which is harder than this plastic mass is provided on the flap bottom or in the plastic mass filling the flap concerned.

11. A method for producing the flap seals of a wind instrument according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a plate made of flexible, porous elastomer material is provided for forming the support and is placed on the opening to be closed with the flap in question and is removably fixed thereon. and that the flap in question is filled with a solidifiable plastic mass and brought into that position which corresponds to the closed position provided for this flap in the finished instrument, and is held in this position, the plastic mass filling the support and the plastic mass for solidification is brought, and then the fixation of the pad to the opening is released.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that a plate is used as a plate made of porous elastomer, which carries on its surface a plastic layer, in the outside of which fine-grained material is embedded.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a silicone rubber or an elastic polyurethane mass is used as the plastic mass.

14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the support is fixed with an easily releasable adhesive on the edge of the opening to be closed.

15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that a magnetic material is arranged on the support and the support with a magnet that attracts this magnetic material is pulled against the edge of the opening to be closed until the in the Plastic mass located in the flap has backfilled the pad.