EP2206850A1 - Method for producing a reversible attachment of a lining to a base layer - Google Patents

Abstract

Pad fixation involves joining pad (5) with primary layer (1) by magnetic attraction of a material contained in an auxiliary layer (4) of the pad against a material contained in another auxiliary layer (3) of the preliminary layer. The attraction is took place, when the former and the latter auxiliary layers are arranged adjacent to each other in proximity of the magnetic field. The latter auxiliary layer of the preliminary layer has a material for providing elasticity to the latter auxiliary layer.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a reversible, but durable in use attachment of a coating on a base layer and also relates to a composite created by the method. In particular, the invention relates to a method, with the pads of different types durable, but can also be fixed interchangeably on a base layer without sticking, which is easy to use and versatile. The invention also relates to a composite of a base layer created for the reversible fixation of coverings and the covering which permits a reversible fixation as well as individual covering elements.

Methods for creating a reversible attachment of coverings on substrates are known from various documents. Thus, the document discloses DE-A 26 20 095 a method for attaching an easily replaceable surface decoration of stone, ceramic, wood or metal to wall, ceiling and / or bottom surfaces of the same or different materials with the covering, applied to the binder on a backing iron or magnetic powder containing layers which are cured before a coating with a magnetically attractive layer is laid thereon.

Next is from the document EP-B 0 567 608 a method for reversibly creating a reversible attachment of a coating on a substrate, such as a floor covering on a substrate, known by magnetic attraction. Thereafter, a pad on which powdery, magnetically attractable bulk material, for example, in the form of a laying fleece has been applied, and the back of a pad, which has been acted upon by a carrier layer with a magnetically attracting bulk material, in contact and thus adhered to each other. Such known structural connections of two layers rely on adhesive mortars or adhesives as permanent fixing agents. Movements or changes in length caused by temperature changes of the different materials, which sometimes have completely different coefficients of thermal expansion, can often not be compensated. Even with weathering (ie, a use of the known outdoor materials such as terrace, garden, etc.), surface and substrate often behave differently. The result is the formation of cracks that lead to damage to the surface or the covering or even both. Moisture entering these cracks enhances damage, for example, by swelling the materials, distorting the surfaces, or even breaking the bond in the cold.

The present invention seeks to overcome such disadvantages in a surprisingly simple way. In particular, elastic, permanently adhering to each other due to magnetic attraction combinations and composites of a coating and a base layer without the aid of adhesive joints are created, which can compensate for all practically occurring dimensional changes due to thermal influences because of their high elasticity. In addition, individual areas of the covering (for example, after damage) or larger areas thereof or the entire covering structure (eg in the replacement or replacement route) can easily and within a short time against the same or other types of plaque or Covering types are exchanged. The base layer remains unaffected and can be used again and again.

The invention thus relates to a method for producing a fastening of a covering on a base layer under adhesive bonding-free fixation of the coating on the base layer by means of magnetic attraction of at least one contained in a first auxiliary layer of the coating, magnetically attracting material against at least one in a second Auxiliary layer of the base layer, magnetically attractable material when arranging the first auxiliary layer and the second auxiliary layer in magnetic field proximity to each other, wherein the second auxiliary layer of the base layer comprises at least one of the second auxiliary layer elasticity-imparting material.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are claimed in dependent claims 2 to 15.

The invention also relates to a coating and more particularly relates to a coating element comprising a use layer and a first auxiliary layer, wherein the first auxiliary layer comprises at least one of the first auxiliary layer elasticity-conferring material and the first auxiliary layer comprises at least one magnetically attracting material.

Preferred embodiments of the coating according to the invention are claimed in the dependent claims 17 to 19.

Finally, the invention also relates to a base layer in adhesive bond-free fixation to a covering comprehensive installation composite, wherein the fixation by magnetic attraction of at least one contained in a first auxiliary layer of the coating, magnetically attractive material against at least one contained in a second auxiliary layer of the base layer magnetically attractable material when arranging the first auxiliary layer and the second auxiliary layer in magnetic field proximity, and wherein the second auxiliary layer of the base layer comprises at least one elasticity-imparting material of the second auxiliary layer and the coating is a coating as described in detail below.

• Figur 1 einen aus einer Grundschicht 1, gegebenenfalls einer GrundierungsSchicht 2, einer zweiten Hilfsschicht 3 auf der Grundschicht-Seite, einer ersten Hilfsschicht 4 auf der Belag-Seite und einem Belag 5 bestehenden Verlege-Verbund gemäß der Erfindung; und
• Figur 2 ein Belag-Element 6 aus dem Belag 5, der ersten Hilfsschicht auf der Belag-Seite und der Gebrauchs-Schicht bzw. Dekorativ-Schicht 6a.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures. The figures show preferred embodiments of the invention, which purely by way of example and not limiting the invention. Show it:

• FIG. 1 a laying composite according to the invention consisting of a base layer 1, optionally a primer layer 2, a second auxiliary layer 3 on the base layer side, a first auxiliary layer 4 on the lining side and a covering 5; and
• FIG. 2 a covering element 6 made of the covering 5, the first auxiliary layer on the covering side and the use layer or decorative layer 6a.

It will be up now FIG. 1 Reference is made schematically showing the structure of a laying composite, as it can be obtained as a result of the method according to the invention. The resulting laying composite according to FIG. 1 is merely an example representation; Laying composites according to the invention may also have one of the in FIG. 1 shown structure have different structure with fewer or more layers; This will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description.

The method according to the invention for producing a fastening of a covering 5 on a base layer 1 results in a bond-free fixing of the covering 5 on the base layer 1.

According to the invention, in the patent claims and in the following description, "adhesive bond-free" means that a coating 5, optionally with one or more auxiliary layer (s) 4, can be fixed on a base layer 1 without the fixation being due to it, that an adhesive bond between the pad 5 and one or more of the pad 5 adjacent first auxiliary layer 4 on the one hand and the base layer 1 and one or more of the base layer 1 adjacent second auxiliary layer (s) 3 on the other hand by means of an adhesive or a combination of multiple adhesives is effected. Conventional adhesive bonds between a base layer 1 (for example a screed) and a covering 5 (for example a carpet floor) fixed thereon for permanent use consisted of the covering 5 (eg carpet) on the base layer 1 (eg screed). fixing adhesive bond whose disadvantage was known to be the irreversible (only possible with irreparable destruction of the fixation) separation of coating and base layer. This made, for example, a repair of the pavement (for example, in case of soiling) or a change in the pavement (for example, a different occasions adapted means of a covering) very difficult, if not impossible. This disadvantage is remedied by the present invention in a surprising manner.

Furthermore, in the following description and in the patent claims, "fixing" is understood to mean that lining 5 and base layer 1 can be fastened to one another in such a way that, as a result of the fastening process, a material layer formed by laying the covering 5 on the base layer 1 is removed. Composite arises, which can be used by walking, driving on, placing objects such as furniture, ornaments, machines, work equipment, etc., cleaning, heating, etc., without the lining 5 and base layer 1 separated again. In this case, such a fixation according to the invention can be manually or mechanically solved again, without the coating 5 and base layer 1 suffer damage, and can be reassembled later, or it can by merging the same covering 5 with another base layer 1 or another surface. 5 be made with the same base layer 1, a new composite material in which the inventive process of creating the attachment takes place without the aid of an adhesive or an adhesive layer. In the context of the present invention, furthermore, the bond obtained by laying a covering (or several coverings) 5 on a base layer (or several base layers) 1 between the lining 5 (and optionally one or more first auxiliary layer (s) 4) on the one hand and the base layer 1 (and optionally one or more second auxiliary layer (s) 3) on the other hand and optionally additionally one or more further layer (s) referred to as a composite material or (synonymous) laying composite.

The fixation of a coating 5 on a base layer 1 takes place by means of magnetic attraction. By this is understood according to the invention that a magnetic field builds up between materials of different magnetic polarity, as a result of which the oppositely charged materials attract each other. In the present case, one or more magnetic materials of a magnetic polarity are provided in conjunction with the base layer, while one or more materials of polarity opposite to the magnetic polarity of the base layer are provided in conjunction with the coating. For the present invention it does not matter which material (i.e., which polarity) is provided for the base layer and which polarity is for the covering. The only decisive factor is that the different layers have an opposite polarity. The magnetic attraction of the two differently polarized materials then ensures according to the invention for the fixation of the at least one coating 5 on the base layer 1.

Specifically, at least one magnetically poled material is contained in at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the lining 5. Preferably, this at least one magnetically poled material in the at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the lining 5 is a magnetically attracting material, that is to say a material which attracts a magnetic pole which is polarized in opposite directions. In connection with the lining 5, there is at least one first auxiliary layer 4; it may also be two or more first auxiliary layers 4. Of a plurality of first auxiliary layers 4, one or more, or even all, but more preferably only one, may be provided with one or more magnetically poled material (s). It is inventively preferred that a first auxiliary layer 4 in the immediate vicinity of the lining 5 or a decorative or special use properties having coating layer 5 (or optionally, although less preferably, separated by one or more other auxiliary layers of the lining 5) , This first auxiliary layer 4 then further preferably comprises one or more magnetically poled material (s), more preferably one or two magnetically attracting material (s), even more preferably a magnetically attracting material.

On the other hand, at least one magnetically poled material is contained in at least one second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1. Preferably, this at least one magnetically poled material in the at least one second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 is a magnetically attractable material, ie a material that can be attracted by an oppositely poled magnetic pole. In connection with the base layer 1, there is at least one second auxiliary layer 3; it may also be two or more second auxiliary layers 3. Of several second auxiliary layers 3, one or more, or even all, but more preferably only one, may be provided with one or more magnetically poled material (s). It is inventively preferred that a second auxiliary layer 3 in the immediate vicinity of the base layer 1 (or optionally, although less preferably, separated by one or more further second auxiliary layers of the base layer) is arranged. This second auxiliary layer 3 then further preferably comprises one or more magnetically poled material (s), more preferably one or two magnetically attractable material (s), even more preferably a magnetically attractable material.

In the method according to the invention for producing a fastening of a covering 5 on a base layer 1, the magnetically poled material (s) contained in the first auxiliary layer (s) 4 of the covering 5 and those in the second auxiliary layer (s) 3 contained magnetically poled material (s) in magnetic field near each other. This is done according to the invention, for example, by arranging the respective auxiliary layers 3, 4 close to one another, more preferably opposite one another. In such an arrangement, the magnetic oppositely poled materials can attract each other. Due to the mutual attraction, a fixation of the coating 5 on the base layer 1 comes about. As I said, it is irrelevant which of the two materials - that in connection with the base layer 1 or that in connection with the pad 5 - the magnetically attractive material and which is the magnetically attractable material.

According to the invention, the second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 comprises at least one material which gives the second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 elasticity. By the term "the second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 elasticity" is understood in the present specification and in the claims that the so-called material alone or - together with other materials - partially, preferably predominantly responsible for the fact that the second auxiliary layer 3 has a certain elasticity and thus provide the entire installation composite advantageous properties, such as tread elasticity or elasticity under surface load.

A second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 can be provided, or several, for example two, three or even four second auxiliary layers 3 of the base layer 1 can be provided. In the case of a plurality of second auxiliary layers 3 of the base layer 1, these may all be the same in terms of material, thickness and / or other physical or chemical properties, may be several equal and one or more different from or different from each other. It is preferred according to the invention if a single second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer is provided. This single second auxiliary layer 3 is arranged regularly (but not restrictively) directly in the vicinity of the base layer 1, that is to say it is arranged directly on the base layer 1 in the functional direction.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the fastening of a coating 5 on a base layer 1 is produced in such a way that the at least one second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1, preferably the one second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 of a material, is selected is made of flexible plastics selected from the group consisting of polymethyl (meth) acrylate resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, mixtures of said resins with each other, and mixtures of said resins with other elasticity-imparting resins. It is further preferable to select the material or materials of the at least one, preferably the one, second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 from the group of polymethyl (meth) acrylate resins which is available, for example, from Triflex Beschichtungssysteme GmbH & Co. KG, Karlstraße 59 in D-32423 Minden under the name "ProTect", "ProDetail" and "DS" is available and / or from unsaturated polyester resins and / or from epoxy resins and / or from the group of polyurethane resins, which is available, for example, from Triflex Coating Systems GmbH & Co. KG, Karlstrasse 59 in D-32423 Minden under the name "ProThan" and / or mixtures of said resins and mixtures of said resins with other resins conferring elasticity.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a fastening of a coating 5 on a base layer 1 is produced in such a way that the elasticity-imparting material to the second auxiliary layer 3 comprises a polymer material selected from polymethyl (meth) acrylate resins. According to the invention, the at least one auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 comprises at least one magnetically attractable material. It may contain a magnetically attractable material, or it may contain a plurality of magnetically attractable materials. Several magnetically attractable materials may be the same or different. The magnetically attractable material or materials may be contained in a second auxiliary layer or may be distributed to two or more second auxiliary layers in the same concentration or in different concentrations.

It is preferred in the method according to the invention that the at least one magnetically attractable material of the at least one second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 is distributed in finely divided form. By "finely divided" is meant in the present specification and claims that the material of the magnetically attractable material (s) is present in fine particles of small particle size and distributed more or less evenly in the second auxiliary layer (s) is. The particle size of the material (s) is not fundamentally restricted, but the particle size of finely divided materials is preferably 0.01 to 1000 μm, more preferably 0.1 to 500 μm, and most preferably 0.1 to 100 μm, for example 1 μm or 5 μm or 7 μm or 10 μm.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the at least one magnetically attractable material of the at least one second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 is distributed in finely distributed form over the volume of the entire at least one second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 magnetically attractable material can be distributed over a plurality of the second auxiliary layers 3 or can be distributed over an entire second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer. With particularly good results, you can disperse a magnetically attractable material the volume of an entire second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer. Even more preferred according to the invention is a method in which the at least one magnetically attractable material, more preferably a magnetically attractable material, the second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 in finely divided form over the volume of the entire second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 evenly distributed , Such a distributed magnetic material leads to a particularly good magnetic fixation of the coating 5 (including the first auxiliary layer 4) on the (optionally provided with an auxiliary layer 3) base layer and thus represents a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the at least one magnetically attractable material of the at least one second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 is selected from materials from the group ferromagnetic iron, magnetite, barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, sintered materials from so-called "rare earths" such as For example, samarium-cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron magnetic material, furthermore metallic alloys of iron, nickel and aluminum with additions of cobalt, manganese and copper or also ceramic oxide materials, such as barium oxide or iron (II, III) oxide. From this group, for the at least one magnetically attractable material of the second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 magnetite can be specified as a particularly preferred component, since it is inexpensive available in large quantities and over a long period of use guarantees a particularly good magnetic attractability. Even more preferred is a method for producing a fastening of a covering 5 on a base layer 1, in which the at least one magnetically attractable material of the second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 comprises magnetite in powder form. Advantageously, this is in finely divided form and thus preferably has a particle size in the range of 0.01 to 1000 microns, more preferably from 0.1 to 500 microns and most preferably from 0.1 to 100 microns, for example, 1 micron or 5 microns or 7 microns or 10 microns.

It corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention to choose two or more different magnetically attractable materials for the at least one second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1. It is preferable to use two magnetically attractable materials for the second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1. In practice, it has proven particularly advantageous to use two or more, preferably two, magnetically attracting materials in powder form for the second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 chooses. Also in this case, certain particle sizes of the powdery material are particularly favorable and are used with advantage: powders of magnetic attracting materials having a particle size in the range of 0.01 to 1000 microns, more preferably from 0.1 to 500 microns and most preferably from 0.1 to 100 μm, for example 1 μm or 5 μm or 7 μm or 10 μm, can be used with good results.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 comprises at least one material which gives the first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 elasticity. To define the term "imparting elasticity to the first auxiliary layer 4 of the pad 5", reference is made to the above definition; this applies mutatis mutandis application. As a result, it can be seen that the first auxiliary layer 4 has a certain elasticity and thus still further advantageous properties are attributed to the entire laying composite, such as tread elasticity or elasticity under surface load.

A first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 can be provided, or several, for example two, three or even four first auxiliary layers 4 of the covering 5 can be provided. For a plurality of first auxiliary layers 4 of the Pads 5 may all be the same in material, thickness, and / or other physical or chemical properties, may be several and one or several different, or may be different from each other. It is inventively preferred if a single first auxiliary layer 4 of the pad 5 is provided. This single first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 is arranged regularly (but not restrictively) directly adjacent to the covering or the decorative layer of the covering 5, ie in the functional direction, it is arranged directly below the covering 5 or the decorative layer of the covering 5.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the fastening of a coating 5 on a base layer 1 is produced in such a way that the at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the coating 5, preferably the one first auxiliary layer 4 of the coating 5, is made from a material selected is made of flexible plastics from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), silicone rubber, polymethyl (meth) acrylate resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin , Polyurethane resin, mixtures of said plastics / resins with each other and mixtures of said resins with other elasticity-imparting resins. More preferably, one selects the material or materials of the at least one, preferably the one, first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) or silicone rubber.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a fastening of a coating 5 on a base layer 1 is produced in such a way that the elasticity-imparting material of the first auxiliary layer 4 comprises a polymer material selected from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the method provides for reinforcing the material or the materials, namely a part or all, of the at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5. A reinforcement of one of the materials or of all materials can take place in a manner known per se to the person skilled in the art, and the procedures are not limited according to the invention. In particularly preferred embodiments, the at least one material of the at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 is reinforced with at least one material selected from the group consisting of glass fleece, glass fiber (s), plastic fleece, plastic fiber ( n) and natural fibers and combinations thereof. By means of the reinforcement of the first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5, it is possible to produce particularly hard-wearing installation composites according to the invention.

According to the invention, the at least one auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 comprises at least one magnetically attracting material. It may contain a magnetically attracting material, or it may contain several magnetically attractive materials. Several magnetically attractive materials may be the same or different. The magnetically attracting material (s) may be contained in a first auxiliary layer or may be distributed to two or more first auxiliary layers in the same concentration or in different concentrations.

It is preferred in the method according to the invention that the at least one magnetically attractive material of the at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 is distributed in finely divided form. With regard to the term "finely divided", reference is made to the above definition, which is applied analogously in the present context. The particle size of the magnetically attractive material (s) is not fundamentally limited, but the particle size is finely divided preferably 0.01 to 1000 microns, more preferably 0.1 to 500 microns and most preferably 0.1 to 100 microns, for example 1 micron or 5 microns or 7 microns or 10 microns.

It is also conceivable to introduce the particles as mica-like platelets. Their material thickness would preferably be from 0.001 μm to 500 μm, their surface dimensions being from 0.01 μm ² to 3,000 mm ² .

In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the at least one magnetically attracting material of the at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 is distributed in finely divided form over the volume of the entire at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 magnetically attracting material can be distributed over a plurality of the first auxiliary layers 4 or can be distributed over an entire first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5. With particularly good success, a magnetically attracting material is distributed over the volume of an entire first auxiliary layer 4 of the pad 5. Even more preferred according to the invention is a method in which the at least one magnetically attracting material, more preferably a magnetically attractive material, the first Auxiliary layer 4 of the pad 5 evenly distributed in finely divided form over the volume of the entire first auxiliary layer 4 of the pad. Such a distributed magnetic material leads to a particularly good magnetic fixation of the coating 5 (including the first auxiliary layer 4) on the (optionally provided with an auxiliary layer 3) base layer and thus represents a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the at least one magnetically attracting material of the at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 is selected from materials from the group barium ferrite and strontium ferrite, materials obtained in the sintering process from so-called "rare earths" such as samarium-cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron - Magnetic material, further metallic alloys of iron, nickel and aluminum with additives of cobalt, manganese and copper or ceramic oxide materials, such as barium oxide or iron (II, III) oxide. From this group, barium ferrite can be given as the particularly preferred component for the at least one magnetically attractive material of the first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5, since it is inexpensive available in large quantities and guarantees a particularly good magnetic attraction over a long period of use in magnetized form. Even more preferred is a method for creating a fastening of a covering 5 on a base layer 1, in which the at least one magnetically attracting material of the first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 comprises barium ferrite in powder form. Advantageously, this is in finely divided form and thus preferably has a particle size in the range of 0.01 to 1000 microns, more preferably from 0.1 to 500 microns and most preferably from 0.1 to 100 microns, for example from 1 μm or 5 μm or 7 μm or 10 μm.

It corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention to select two or more different magnetically attracting materials for the at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5. It is preferable to use two magnetically attracting materials for the first auxiliary layer 4 of the coating 5. In practice, it has proven particularly useful and is therefore preferred to use two or more, preferably two magnetically attracting materials in powder form for the first auxiliary layer 4 of the coating 5 chooses. Also in this case, certain particle sizes of the powdery material are particularly favorable and are used with advantage: powders of magnetic attracting materials having a particle size in the range of 0.01 to 1000 microns, more preferably from 0.1 to 500 microns and most preferably from 0.1 to 100 μm, for example 1 μm or 5 μm or 7 μm or 10 μm, can be used with good results. According to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, in order to improve the mutual magnetic attraction, the materials contained in the first and second auxiliary layers (3, 4), ie the attracting material or attractable material, are made in the first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering contain at least one magnetically attractable material permanent magnetic. For this purpose, the skilled person can use any available method and any known device, as long as it serves the purpose of making the material or the materials of the first auxiliary layer 4 of the pad 5 permanently magnetic.

In the context of the present invention, it is practical to provide a base layer 1-optionally after application of a primer layer 2 -with a material for a second auxiliary layer 3. This material for a second auxiliary layer 3 is preferably applied in liquid form to the base layer 1 and then forms a 0.5 to 8 mm thick second auxiliary layer 3. It contains at least one of the o. G. magnetically attractable materials in an amount to be determined by the person skilled in a few orienting experiments, which in principle has no limits. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the ratios of one or more magnetically attractable material (s) to one or more plastic materials may be in the range of 8: 1 to 1: 5, more preferably in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 3, more preferably in the range of 4: 1 to 1: 3.

With respect to the material or materials of the base layer 1, the invention is not limited in any way, and as the base layer 1, the skilled person may use one or more materials known as base layers for prior art lay-up compounds. According to the invention, a material for the base layer 1 can be used, or several materials can be used with advantage. Preferably, a material is used as material for the base layer 1. In advantageous Embodiments is used as the material of the base layer 1 at least one material selected from the group consisting of concrete, reinforced concrete, aerated concrete, screed, stone (such as sand-lime brick, natural stone, brick, pebble), gypsum, mineral composites, clay ( including natural clay floor coverings), tiles, wood, wood composite panels, wood-mineral composite panels, pulp-fiber composite panels, plastics, plastic composite panels, asphalt, bitumens, bituminous composite panels, metal, metal composite panels and combinations it. Particularly preferred embodiments of the method when used outdoors make use of concrete, screed, stone, tiles and wood as materials for the base layer 1. Particularly preferred embodiments of the method for use indoors make use of mineral composites, stone, tiles, concrete, Screed and wood as base layer materials 1.

In specific embodiments of the invention and in particular when a fixation of a covering (including the first auxiliary layer 4) on a base layer 1 (including its associated second auxiliary layer 3) is to take place and the base layer 1 is relatively uneven and / or has pores, the one According to the invention, it has proved to be particularly advantageous to apply a primer material 2 coordinated with the material or the materials of the second auxiliary layer 3 to the base layer 1. Thus, a surface equalization is achieved, and the adhesion of the first auxiliary layer 3 to the base layer 1 can be improved. The primer material used may be particularly advantageously and thus preferably one or more materials, preferably a material, from the group of commercially available primers (adhesion promoters) adapted to the substrate materials, as well as compensating materials, preferably from the same plastic / resin precursors of the auxiliary layer 3 used in each case. The inventively applied Primer layer 2 is advantageously applied between base layer 1 and second auxiliary layer 3.

With respect to the material or materials of the pad 5, the invention is not limited in any way, and as a covering, the skilled person can use a material or several materials, which he knows as a covering for laying composites from the prior art. According to the invention, a material for the coating 5 can be used, or several materials can be used with advantage. Preferably, a material is used as the material for the covering 5. In advantageous embodiments, at least one material selected from the group consisting of stone (natural stone,) concrete, glass, porcelain, earthenware, tiles, is used as the material of the covering 5. Terrazzo, wood, cork, bamboo, plastic, rubber, metal, woven or knotted textile coverings (carpets, mats, carpets) and combinations thereof. Particularly advantageous coverings 5 are selected from the group consisting of stone, wood, tiles and textile coverings such as carpets, carpets, sisal materials, lawn carpet, etc ..

According to further preferred embodiments, the at least one material of the covering 5 is provided for the laying networks according to the invention in various forms, but these are not restrictive. Particularly preferred are materials of the pad 5 in the form of plates, strips, webs, strips or large areas. Even more preferred are materials of the pad 5 in the form of plates, strips and webs. In particular, slabs and sheets can be conveniently laid fixed on the base surfaces 1 and then deliver well-fixed and comfortable walk-in or drive-on or with workpieces (eg furniture) load-bearing laying composites.

In practical terms, in the method according to the invention for creating a fastening of a covering 5 on a base layer 1 below Adhesive bond-free fixation of the coating 5 on the base layer 1 at least a first auxiliary layer 4 of the pad 5 made of a flexible plastic material, which is mixed with at least one magnetically attractive material, in the liquid state on the rear, the visible or decorative side of the Covering 5 facing away applied. The application can be made in any conventional way and is known to those skilled in the art of plastics technology. The liquid applied material is cured in a known way (for example by exposure to radiation or by means of an admixed curing component or under the action of a catalyst) and then forms on the side facing away from the visible or decorative side of the covering a solid, at least one magnetically attracting material comprising Auxiliary layer 4. This auxiliary layer 4 may have any thickness, but preferably for practical reasons and reasons of easy handling of the combination of lining 5 and auxiliary layer 4 has a thickness in the range of 1 to 15 mm, more preferably from 3 to 10 mm and still more preferably from 4 to 8 mm, all information on the thickness being related to the cured layer.

The amount of magnetically attracting material that is introduced into the first auxiliary layer 4 of the coating 5 can basically vary within any limits, and the person skilled in the art can carry out suitable concentrations of at least one magnetically attractive material in the auxiliary layer 4 (or in a plurality of auxiliary layers 4) to determine a few experiments with little effort. In preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, the mixing ratio of magnetically attracting material (one or more materials) to plastic material (one or more materials) is in the range of 8: 1 to 1: 5, more preferably in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 3, more preferably in the range of 4: 1 to 1: 3. The magnetically attracting material (s) most preferably have a particle size of up to 1,000 μm, more preferably a particle size in the range of 0.01 to 1000 microns, more preferably from 0.1 to 500 microns and most preferably from 0.1 to 100 microns, for example, 1 micron or 5 microns or 7 microns or 10 microns.

In parallel, in the inventive method for creating a fastening of a coating 5 on a base layer 1 under adhesive bonding-free fixation of the coating 5 on the base layer 1, at least a second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 of a plastic material providing flexibility, with at least one magnetically attractable material is added, applied in a liquid state on top of the base layer 1. The application can be made in any conventional way and is known to those skilled in the art of plastics technology. The liquid applied material is hardened in a known way (for example by exposure to radiation or by means of a mixed curing component or under the action of a catalyst) and then forms on top of the base layer 1 a solid, at least one magnetically attractable material comprising auxiliary layer 3. This auxiliary layer may have any thickness, but preferably for practical reasons and reasons of easy handling of the combination of base layer 1 and auxiliary layer 3 has a thickness in the range of 0.05 to 15 mm, more preferably from 0.5 to 5 mm, and even more preferably from 1 to 3 mm, all information on the thickness of the cured auxiliary layer 3 are related.

The amount of magnetically attractable material which is introduced into the second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 can basically vary within any limits, and the person skilled in the art can pass suitable concentrations of at least one magnetically attractable material in the auxiliary layer 3 (or in a plurality of auxiliary layers 3) to determine a few experiments with little effort. In preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, the mixing ratio of magnetically attractive material (one or more materials) to plastic material (one or more materials) multiple materials) in the range of 8: 1 to 1: 5, more preferably in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 3, even more preferably in the range of 4: 1 to 1: 3. The magnetically attractive material (s) More preferably (ies) have a particle size of up to 1,000 microns, more preferably a particle size in the range of 0.01 to 1000 microns, even more preferably from 0.1 to 500 microns and most preferably from 0.1 to 100 microns For example, of 1 micron or 5 microns or 7 microns or 10 microns. It is also conceivable to introduce the particles as mica-like platelets. Their material thickness would preferably be from 0.001 μm to 500 μm, their surface dimensions being from 0.01 μm ² to 3,000 mm ² .

Both the combination of base layer 1 and second auxiliary layer 3 and the combination of coating 5 and first auxiliary layer 4 can each comprise further auxiliary layers which can serve special purposes and which are well known to the person skilled in the art. Purely by way of example and without any limitation for the invention, the primer layer 2 described above in detail, preferably applied directly to the base layer 1 and / or the coating and serving to level the surface of the base layer 1 and to compensate for the pores, is particularly mentioned here is preferably applied between base layer 1 and second auxiliary layer 3 and / or between pad 5 and first auxiliary layer 4.

In the method according to the invention, the two auxiliary layers each containing at least one magnetically polarized or polarizable material are then brought into such a distance from one another that the magnetic field can exert its effect ("magnetic field proximity"). By virtue of the mutual magnetically attractive effect of the auxiliary layers located opposite to one another, a fixation of the first (4) on the second auxiliary layer 3 can be achieved, which permanently bonds the two layers to one another, but can also be released without destruction or damage to one of the layers involved , The created so Fasteners are smooth and have a permanently flexible and slightly elastic state. Cracking is thus prevented. It is also given a seal against moisture and stagnant water and any kind of rainfall. It must be ensured the drainage possibility of surface water, which is usually (but not limiting) generated by the provision of a gradient of the substrate. Surface water is largely or even exclusively derived over the surface of the pads 5. Excess water or liquids through the pad 5 are kept on the top of the contact surface and can not penetrate into the "substructure". By providing a slope, such liquids are directed to drainage sites or drainage components also provided therefor.

The invention also relates to a covering suitable for the method described above in detail or a corresponding covering element (6). The term "coating element" is understood according to the invention as an element present in any desired form, which can be assembled by placing it on a provided with a magnetizing material second auxiliary layer 3 of a base layer 1 to a laying composite in which an adhesive bond-free fixation between a base layer 1 and a coating 5 is produced. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the coverings 5 or covering elements 6 may be in the form of plates, strips, webs, strips or large areas. Pads 5 or covering elements 6 in the form of plates, strips and webs are particularly preferred.

In preferred embodiments of the invention, the coverings 5 or covering elements 6 comprise a use layer 6a, which in the context of the present description and the claims can also be referred to as a "decorative layer". The use layer 6a is for the use of the Pads 5 and thus points to the side of the installation composite, which is committed by the user, traveled or burdened with an object or object. It can of course be chosen according to the intended use under the following materials. Of course, the use layer 6a of the lining 5 or of the covering element 6 is primarily subject to wear as a result of use. It can therefore be exchanged as an entire element, ie as a plate, strip, track, bar or even large area. In contrast, the "decorative layers" with the same technical structure of essentially decorative character; Their replacement will therefore be subject to less wear aspects than aesthetic aspects, which may change (depending on the occasion or taste or environment).

Further, in preferred embodiments of the invention, the pads comprise at least a first auxiliary layer 4. There may be a first auxiliary layer, or there may be multiple (eg, two, three, or even more) auxiliary layers 4. Preference is given to an auxiliary layer. According to the invention, the at least one first auxiliary layer 4, preferably the single first auxiliary layer 4, comprises at least one of the (at least one) first auxiliary layer 4 elasticity-imparting material.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the (at least one) first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 or of the covering element 6 as the first auxiliary layer elasticity-imparting material at least one material, preferably one, two or three material (s), more preferably exactly a material selected from the group consisting of flexible plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), as described above in connection with the process ) or silicone rubber, of polymethyl (meth) acrylate resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, mixtures of said plastics / resins and mixtures of said resins with further elasticity-imparting resins.

In further preferred embodiments of the invention, the at least one material of the at least one first auxiliary layer 4 and more preferably the one material of a first auxiliary layer 4 is reinforced to the pad 5 and the covering element 6 particular resilience, stability and durability to lend. In further preferred embodiments, one or more reinforcing materials may be selected from the group of materials consisting of glass fleece, glass fiber (s), nonwoven plastic, plastic fiber (s), natural fibers, and combinations thereof.

According to the invention, the at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 or of the covering element 6 comprises at least one magnetically attracting material. In principle, a magnetically attracting material or a plurality of magnetically attracting materials are suitable in combination; According to the invention, a magnetically attracting material is contained in a first auxiliary layer 4. This magnetically attractive material serves to achieve a stable adhesive bond-free fixation of the covering 5 or coating element 6 according to the invention on the second auxiliary layer 3 assigned to the base layer 1 and also to provide the possibility of the covering 5 or the covering element 6 manually or mechanically again from the laying composite by separating the two mutually attracting magnetic auxiliary layers 4 (of the pad 5) and 3 (the base layer 1) to solve destructive or damage-free.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the at least one magnetically attracting material of the at least one first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 is composed of materials from the group of barium ferrite and strontium ferrite, materials obtained in the sintering process from so-called "rare earths" such as, for example, samarium cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron - Magnetic material, further selected metallic alloys of iron, nickel and aluminum with additives of cobalt, manganese and copper or ceramic oxide materials, such as barium oxide or iron (II, III) oxide. From this group, barium ferrite can be given as the particularly preferred component for the at least one magnetically attractive material of the first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5, since it is inexpensive available in large quantities and guarantees a particularly good magnetic attraction after appropriate magnetization over a long period of use. Even more preferred is a first auxiliary layer 4 of a covering 5 or of a covering element 6, in which the at least one magnetically attracting material of the first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 comprises barium ferrite in powder form. Advantageously, this is in finely divided form and thus preferably has a particle size in the range of 0.01 to 1000 microns, more preferably from 0.1 to 500 microns and most preferably from 0.1 to 100 microns, for example from 1 μm or 5 μm or 7 μm or 10 μm.

The invention also relates to a laying composite. In the context of the present description and the claims, a composite installation is understood as meaning a composite as can be created by laying the elements described above in detail by the method according to the invention and - to name the most essential elements - a base layer 1, optionally a primer layer 2 applied to the base layer 1 for surface leveling and pore closure, a second auxiliary layer 3 applied thereto (or (preferably) on the base layer 1), a first auxiliary layer 4 to be seen in conjunction with the film 5 and the pad 5 ,

More specifically, the laying composite according to the invention comprises a base layer 1 in adhesive bonding-free fixation to a covering 5 by means of magnetic attraction of at least one magnetically attracting material contained in a first auxiliary layer 4 of the covering 5 at least one magnetically attractable material contained in a second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 when arranging the first auxiliary layer 4 and the second auxiliary layer 3 in magnetic field proximity to each other. According to the invention, the second auxiliary layer 3 of the base layer 1 comprises at least one of the second auxiliary layer 3 elasticity-imparting material and the covering is a covering 5 or covering element 6, as described in detail above in detail.

Reference numeral list

1

base layer

2

primer layer

3

Second auxiliary layer (s) on the base layer side

4

First auxiliary layer (s) on the pad side

5

covering

6

Covering element

6a

Household / Decorative layer

Claims (20)

Method for producing a fastening of a covering (5) on a base layer (1) with adhesive bonding-free fixing of the covering (5) on the base layer (1) by means of magnetic attraction of at least one in a first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5) contained magnetically attractive material against at least one magnetically attractable material contained in a second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1) when arranging the first auxiliary layer (4) and the second auxiliary layer (3) in magnetic field proximity to one another, the second auxiliary layer ( 3) of the base layer (1) comprises at least one of the second auxiliary layer (3) elasticity-conferring material. Method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one magnetically attractable material of the second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1) is distributed in finely divided form, preferably wherein the at least one magnetically attractable material of the second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1) is distributed in finely divided form over the volume of the entire second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1), more preferably wherein the at least one magnetically attractable material of the second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1) in finely divided form over the volume the entire second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1) evenly distributed. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the at least one magnetically attractive material of the first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5) is distributed in a finely divided form, preferably wherein the at least one magnetically attracting material of the first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5) distributed in finely divided form over the volume of the entire first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5), even more in which the at least one magnetically attractive material of the first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5) is distributed evenly in finely divided form over the volume of the entire first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5). A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one material of the second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1) is selected from flexible plastics selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, Polyurethane resin, mixtures of said resins with each other and mixtures of said resins with other elasticity-imparting resins. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one magnetically attractable material of the second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1) is selected from materials from the group ferromagnetic iron, magnetite, barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, in the sintering process from so-called " rare earth materials such as samarium-cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron - magnetic material, metallic alloys of iron, nickel and aluminum with additions of cobalt, manganese and copper or ceramic oxide materials such as barium oxide or iron (II, III) oxide, preferably wherein the at least one magnetically attractable material of the second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1) comprises magnetite, more preferably wherein the at least one magnetically attractable material of the second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1) comprises magnetite in powder form. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, wherein two or more, preferably two, magnetically attractable materials for the second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1) are selected, preferably wherein two or more, preferably two, magnetically attractable materials in powder form are selected for the second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1). Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, wherein a primer layer (2) between the second auxiliary layer (3) and the base layer (1) is provided for pore and surface leveling. Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, wherein as base layer (1) at least one material selected from the group consisting of concrete, reinforced concrete, aerated concrete, screed, stone (such as lime sandstone, natural stone, brick, pebble), gypsum , Mineral composites, clay (including natural clay floor coverings), tiles, wood, wood composite panels, wood-mineral composite panels, pulp-fiber composite panels, plastics, plastic composite panels, asphalt, bitumens, bituminous composite panels, Metal, metal composite elements and combinations thereof. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, wherein as a covering (5) at least one material selected from the group consisting of stone (natural stone) concrete, glass, porcelain, earthenware, tiles, terrazzo, wood, cork, bamboo , Plastic, rubber, metal, woven or knotted textile coverings (carpets, mats, carpets) and combinations thereof. Method according to Claim 9, in which the at least one material of the covering (5) is provided in the form of plates, strips, webs, strips or large areas. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one material of the first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5) is selected from flexible plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) or silicone rubber, and from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, mixtures of said plastics / resins with each other and mixtures of said resins with other elasticity-imparting resins. Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, in which the at least one material of the first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5) is reinforced, preferably in which the at least one material of the first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5) is reinforced at least one material selected from the group consisting of glass fleece, glass fiber (s), nonwoven plastic, plastic fiber (s), natural fibers, and combinations thereof. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, wherein the at least one magnetically attractable material of the first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5) selected from materials from the group barium ferrite, ferromagnetic iron, strontium ferrite, in the sintering process from so-called "rare earths "recovered materials such as samarium-cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron - magnetic material, metallic alloys of iron, nickel and aluminum with additives of cobalt, manganese and copper or ceramic oxide materials such as barium oxide or iron (II, III) oxide preferably wherein the at least one magnetically attracting material of the first auxiliary layer (4) of the pad (5) comprises barium ferrite, more preferably wherein the at least one magnetically attracting material of the first auxiliary layer (4) of the pad (5) comprises barium ferrite in powder form. Method according to one or more of Claims 1 to 13, in which two or more, preferably two, magnetically attracting materials are selected for the first auxiliary layer (4) of the coating (5), preferably in which two or more, preferably two magnetically attractive materials are selected Powder mold for the first auxiliary layer (4) of the pad (5) selects. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, wherein the at least one magnetically attracting material contained in the first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5) is rendered permanently magnetic. Covering (5), in particular covering element (6), comprising a use layer (6a) and a first auxiliary layer (4), wherein the first auxiliary layer (4) comprises at least one of the first auxiliary layer (4) elasticity-imparting material and the first auxiliary layer (4) comprises at least one magnetically attracting material. A covering according to claim 16, wherein said first auxiliary layer (4) is selected from the group consisting of flexible plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene, elasticity-imparting material (s) Propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) or silicone rubber, from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate resin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, mixtures of said plastics / resins with each other and mixtures of said resins with further elasticity-imparting resins. A covering according to claim 16 or claim 17, wherein said at least one material of said first auxiliary layer (4) is reinforced, preferably wherein said at least one material of said first auxiliary layer (4) is reinforced with at least one material selected from the group consisting of glass fleece, glass fiber (s), nonwoven plastic, plastic fiber (s), natural fibers and combinations thereof. A covering according to one or more of claims 16 to 18, wherein the at least one magnetically attractive material of the first auxiliary layer (4) is selected from materials from the group of barium ferrite, ferromagnetic iron, strontium ferrite, rare earth materials such as Example samarium-cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron - magnetic material, metallic alloys of iron, nickel and aluminum with additives of cobalt, manganese and copper or ceramic oxide materials, such as barium oxide or iron (11,111) oxide, preferably wherein the at least one magnetic attractive material of the first auxiliary layer (4) comprises barium ferrite, more preferably wherein the at least one magnetically attracting material of the first auxiliary layer (4) comprises barium ferrite in powder form. Laying composite, comprising a base layer (1) in adhesive connection-free fixation to a covering (5) by magnetic attraction of at least one magnetically attracting material contained in a first auxiliary layer (4) of the covering (5) against at least one in a second auxiliary layer (3) magnetically attractable material contained in the base layer (1) when arranging the first auxiliary layer (4) and the second auxiliary layer (3) in magnetic field proximity to each other, the second auxiliary layer (3) of the base layer (1) at least one of the second Auxiliary layer (3) comprises elasticity-imparting material and the covering is a covering according to one of claims 16 to 19.

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