Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
  • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
  • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
  • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
  • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2220/00—Shaping
  • F16C2220/20—Shaping by sintering pulverised material, e.g. powder metallurgy
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
  • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
  • F16C2223/42—Coating surfaces by spraying the coating material, e.g. plasma spraying
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
  • F16C2226/30—Material joints
  • F16C2226/40—Material joints with adhesive
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
  • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
  • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
  • Y10T428/12056—Entirely inorganic
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
  • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component

Definitions

• the invention relates to a layered material or layered workpieces with a functional layer attached to one surface of a solid support layer, in particular a sliding layer, for example as a solid dispersion layer, with a matrix with at least one fusible component and dispersion elements which are at least in the solid state insoluble or only in the material of the matrix are soluble in less than the amount present or from another mixture of constituents which are insoluble in one another or only in less than the amount present for tribological purposes.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing such layer materials and layer workpieces.
• the matrix constituents which are meltable by air plasma spraying and which are not soluble or only soluble in the matrix material in a less than present amount are soluble
• Functional layer containing powder containing dispersion constituents is formed as a solid dispersin layer with a matrix in which the dispersion elements are distributed as finely dispersed particles composed of constituents not dissolved in the matrix material, and this functional layer is bonded directly or via a thin adhesion promoter layer to the surface of the carrier layer, whereby the carrier layer in the border area to the functional layer is formed to a small thickness of approximately 25 ⁇ m to approximately 300 ⁇ m with a refined structure.
• the invention achieves a finely dispersed distribution of the dispersion elements within the matrix of the functional layer, so that the functional layer thus formed comes close to the sputtered sliding layers in terms of its properties, in particular with regard to its wear and corrosion resistance.
• significantly improved bonding of the functional layer to the carrier layer or an adhesion promoter layer possibly provided between the carrier layer and the functional layer is achieved.
• the structural change in a surface region of the carrier layer caused by melting and rapid cooling has the further particular advantage that the structural strength of the base material is increased by such a refinement of the structure and thus the support effect for the functional chic is improved.
• the carrier layer consists of metal and contains constituents which are insoluble in the metal of the carrier layer or only soluble in less than the amount present, these constituents being incorporated into the metal of the carrier layer in a much finer distribution in the boundary region to the functional layer than in remaining part of the carrier layer.
• the support layer made of dispersion alloy with a metallic matrix and embedded, meltable dispersion constituents is frozen into the matrix of the dispersion alloy in a finely dispersed distribution in the border region of the support layer with the functional layer.
• the carrier layer can be made of cast or sintered lead bronze with a lead content of up to 40% by weight, preferably between
• lead bronzes can only be cast-plated up to approx. 25% by weight of lead.
• Lead bronze composite materials with over 30% by weight lead can be produced by powder metallurgy and sintering.
• the functional layer can be designed as a dispersion layer whose matrix has at least one of the following metallic components: aluminum, copper, zinc and whose dispersion elements have at least one of the following components:
• Aluminum, copper-coated graphite particles), for tribological Applicable plastic such as polyester, PTFE, PEK, PEEK.
• a very finely disperse distribution of the disperse elements can be achieved up to high concentrations in the combinations of substances selected from the above substance groups.
• a desired sliding layer hardness between 60 HV and 80 HV can be set if the cooling rate in the functional layer applied by plasma spraying is set between 10 4 K / S and 10 K / s.
• the required cooling rate can be specifically adjusted to the thickness and the material structure of the substrate carrier by suitable coordination of the powder fraction, the mass flow of powder and process gas, the process gas mixture, the spray cycle sequence and the functional layer thickness.
• a thin adhesion promoter layer can be provided between the carrier layer and the functional layer which contains metallic components which react exothermically with one another and / or with metallic components of the carrier layer and / or metallic components of the functional layer.
• the adhesion promoter layer may contain one or more of the following components: molybdenum, nickel / aluminum alloy, nickel / aluminide, nickel / chromium alloy, nickel / copper alloy, pure aluminum, aluminum alloy such as AISi8.
• the adhesion promoter layer can be applied as a closed layer by air plasma spraying to the side of the carrier layer that receives the functional layer.
• the adhesion promoter layer is sintered in the manner of a rough base as a simple layer or a few layers of fine particles onto the side of the carrier layer that receives the functional layer.
• the invention is preferably to be used for the production of tribological elements.
• the carrier layer can be attached in the manner of the middle layer of a three-layer plain bearing on one side to a substrate, for example a steel back, and on the other side can carry the functional layer designed in the manner of a sliding layer or run-in layer.
• the part of the carrier layer formed in the manner of a middle layer consists of lead bronze, lead tin bronze or tin bronze and the functional layer designed as a sliding layer or running-in layer consists of dispersion alloy based on aluminum / lead or aluminum / tin, whereby the functional layer has a thickness between approximately 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 15 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m.
• the functional layer is formed from metallic dispersion alloy or with another structure that can be used for tribological purposes by air plasma spraying from fine material powder.
• a method of this type which is already known from DE-OS 26 56 203 cannot be used for the production of materials or workpieces according to the invention, in particular not if the carrier layer itself has a heterogeneous structure, for example in the manner of a dispersion alloy layer.
• the functional layer is therefore applied as a dispersion alloy or with another structure that can be used for tribological purposes in air plasma spraying directly onto the surface of the carrier layer or onto a previously formed thin adhesion promoter layer, the distance of the during the plasma spraying Plasma flame is adjusted and maintained from the surface to be covered in coordination with the available system power and the type of material powder being processed in such a way that the metal of the carrier layer in its surface area to a depth of between approximately 25 ⁇ m and approximately 300 ⁇ m through the plasma flame is melted, a cooling immediately following the plasma spraying having a cooling rate which is effective in the spray layer and the melted-on area of the carrier layer and which is permissible in terms of the shrinking properties of the carrier layer, the adhesion promoter layer and the functional layer formed, as well as their mutual bonding zones
• both of the melted surface region of the carrier layer and of the functional layer formed results in a finely dispersed distribution of the dispersion elements in the matrix and freezing of the matrix with the dispersion elements in this state the chemical and quasi-chemical compounds formed by exothermic reactions in the bond zone or in the bond zones are inhibited by the rapid onset of effective cooling, so that a very close-knit network of diffusion bond regions is formed.
• the functional layer can be formed by air plasma spraying from a powder mixture which contains the meltable matrix components and those to be distributed in the matrix, insoluble in their material or only in contains less than available amount of soluble components.
• the functional layer can be formed by air plasma spraying from powder (micropellets) agglomerated with or without organic binders, this agglomerated powder also comprising the meltable matrix constituents and those to be distributed in the matrix, insoluble in their material or less than existing amount of soluble components should contain.
• the powder mixture or powder aggregate used can contain powder particles covered with additional substances. Such a covering can be attached to the powder particles, for example by means of adhesive.
• the powder to be processed can be fed to the plasma flame at a single point. However, it is also possible to process different powders simultaneously and, if necessary, to feed them to the plasma flame at separate locations.
• hard particles with sizes between approximately 10 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m can also be embedded in the functional layer.
• These adhesive particles to be stored are preferably also introduced into the plasma flame in the process according to the invention.
• hard particles come into consideration, which consist of one or more of the substances from the group TiC, WC, glass powder, Si 3 N 4 , SiC, Al 2 O 3 .
• hard particles based on Laves phases (AB 2 ), preferably of the MgCu 2 type or of the MgZn 2 or MgNi 2 type, are also suitable, the radius ratio of the A atoms and B atoms being r A / r B 1.225.
• hard particles to be incorporated into the functional layer can also be generated by reactive plasma spraying, ie by carrying out chemical or quasi-chemical reactions during the plasma spraying. If the material powder used for the formation of the functional layer contains constituents which are capable of forming hard oxide particles and / or hard nitride particles, the mass flow maintained during plasma spraying and the composition of the process gas can affect a predetermined extent of chemical reactions or quasi-chemical reactions of these constituents with the Ambient air, ie the atmospheric oxygen and / or atmospheric nitrogen.
• the functional layer can be formed by air plasma spraying from a powder mixture which contains the meltable matrix components made of dispersion alloy with metallic matrix made of one or more of the metals: aluminum, copper, zinc, silver and dispersion elements of at least one of the following components: lead, tin, Indium, bismuth, nickel, copper, manganese, silicon, carbon (preferably in the form of graphite particles coated with metal such as nickel, aluminum, copper), molybdenum disulfide (preferably coated with metal), boron nitride, plastics such as polyester, PTFE, PEK, PEEK, on an iron-containing carrier layer, preferably a carrier layer made of calmed steel by air plasma spraying, the cooling with a cooling rate between 10 3 K / s and 5 ⁇ 10 4 K / s is carried out.
• a powder mixture which contains the meltable matrix components made of dispersion alloy with metallic matrix made of one or more of the metals: aluminum, copper, zinc, silver and dispersion elements of at least one of
• a thin adhesion promoter layer between the carrier layer and the functional layer can be sintered in the manner of a rough base as one or a few layers of fine particles onto the surface of the carrier layer to be coated by air plasma spraying.
• Adhesion promoter layers applied in another way for example galvanically applied adhesion promoter layers or also preferably adhesion promoter layers, which are applied by air plasma spraying to the surface of the carrier layer to be coated with the functional layer, are melted, the carrier layer being melted to a shallow depth between 25 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m cooling is carried out while maintaining a cooling rate between 10 2 K / s and 10 5 K / s.
• an adhesion promoter layer can be applied which contains metallic components which react exothermically with one another and / or with metallic components of the functional layer to be applied subsequently.
• adhesion promoter layers made of one or more of the following substances are considered: molybdenum, nickel / aluminum alloy, nickel / chromium alloy, nickel / copper alloy, pure aluminum, aluminum alloy, such as AlSi8.
• FIG. 1 shows a section-like partial sectional view of a first embodiment of the layer material according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a micrograph-like partial sectional view of a second embodiment of the layer material according to the invention
• Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the method according to the invention.
• Fig. 4 shows the diagram of a second embodiment of the method according to the invention.
• the layer material 10 is provided for the production of functional elements, in particular plain bearings.
• the layer material 10 has a carrier layer 11 made of calmed steel, which after processing forms the steel back of the plain bearings made from the layer material 10.
• a poured-on layer 17 made of plain bearing material which has good emergency running properties, in this example made of lead tin bronze with 10% by weight lead, 10% by weight tin and the rest copper.
• This lead bronze layer 17 constitutes part of the carrier layer for the functional layer 12 applied thereon.
• the functional layer 12 consists of an aluminum / lead dispersion alloy for example with a lead content of 15% by weight.
• the functional layer has a matrix 13 made of aluminum and lead particles 14 within this matrix in a finely dispersed distribution. With this structure, the functional layer 12 has a hardness of approximately 50 HV.
• a surface region 18 of the tin-bronze layer 17 with a refined structure is formed under the functional layer 12. While the remaining part of the lead-tin bronze layer 17 has a dentritic structure, a disperse fine distribution of lead and tin particles in a copper matrix is formed in this surface region 18.
• This surface region 18 is formed in that when the functional layer 12 is applied by air plasma spraying, the lead tin bronze layer on its free surface to a depth corresponding to the surface region 18, i.e. about 50 ⁇ m depth was melted by the plasma flame in a very small area which migrated with the relative feed and the small melt bath formed in this area was cooled very quickly together with the applied part of the functional layer 12 in this area immediately after the application of the functional layer 12.
• the lead tin bronze in the surface region 18 was frozen in a finely dispersed distribution of the lead and tin in the copper matrix.
• the lead particles in the matrix 13 of the functional layer 12 were frozen in finely dispersed form before the lead could coagulate into larger lead particles.
• a mixed dispersion of aluminum, lead, tin and copper is present in the formation zone 16 between the surface region 18 and the functional layer 12, because in the case of air plasma spraying, particles of the fine material powder containing the components of the functional layer 12 into that formed in the surface region of the lead tin bronze layer 17 local melt pool with kinetic energy. This results in a particularly effective, permanent bond of the functional layer 12 on the surface region 18 of the lead-tin bronze layer 17.
• the second bonding zone 19 which lies within the carrier layer between the steel and the lead-tin bronze layer 17, there is one when the lead-tin bronze is poured on -Layer 17 diffusion bond created on the steel back.
• the layer material 10 is also a layer material 10 which is provided for the production of tribological elements, in particular plain bearings.
• the layer material 10 has an adhesion promoter layer 22, which in this example consists of nickel copper alloy, between its carrier layer 11 formed by a steel back 21 and a lead bronze layer 27.
• adhesion promoter layer 22 is applied to the free surface of the lead bronze layer 27 by air plasma spraying.
• the plasma torch was set so that the lead bronze layer 27 was melted locally to a depth of about 50 ⁇ m, namely precisely at the point at which the adhesive layer 22 was just being produced.
• a substantial proportion of the particles of the fine material powder used for the adhesion promoter layer 22 was introduced into the local melt bath in the surface region 18 of the lead bronze layer with kinetic energy, so that a very firm bond between the adhesion promoter layer 22 and the lead bronze layer 27 was produced .
• the surface region of the lead bronze layer 27 was cooled very quickly together with the applied adhesion promoter layer 22, so that the lead bronze could no longer return to the dendritic structure but was frozen with a disperse distribution of the lead particles in the copper matrix.
• the lead bronze layer 27 itself is cast onto the steel back 21 and, like in conventional casting processes, has a diffusion bond between the copper crystallites and the steel.
• the functional layer 12 is applied to the adhesion promoter layer 22 by air plasma spraying.
• the plasma torch was set so that it locally heated the surface of the adhesive layer 22 to close to the melting point of the nickel copper alloy.
• An intensive duffusion bond between the nickel / copper alloy and the aluminum of the matrix 13 of the functional layer 12 has therefore also been formed in the bonding zone 23 between the adhesion promoter layer 22 and the functional layer 12.
• the functional layer 12 in addition to the finely dispersed lead particles distributed in the matrix 13, the functional layer 12 also contains additional hard particles 15 in the form of Laves phases. These hard particles 15 have a size of approximately 20 to 30 ⁇ m and the shape of whiskers. This structure enabled the functional layer to be set to a hardness of around 75 HV.
• FIG. 3 shows a diagram for a production process for the layer material 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
• a composite strip 30 with a steel back 21 and cast-on lead tin bronze layer 17 and the lead bronze layer 27 is attached to a plasma torch 32 via a support roller 31 pulled past, such that the steel back 21 is guided over the support roller 31 and the lead bronze layer 27 or lead tin bronze layer 17 faces the plasma torch 32.
• a coating region 33 is formed, which is directly joined in the direction of advance of the composite strip 30 indicated by the arrow 34. Cooling area 35 connects.
• the uncoated side of the composite tape is guided past a cooling box 36, in the interior of which rays 37 of cooling gas, for example carbon dioxide, possibly mixed with dry ice, or jets of cooling liquid, for example water or oil, against the uncoated surface of the Composite tape 30 are directed.
• the spatial arrangement is preferably such that the steel strip 30 passes horizontally beneath the plasma torch 32 and is coated on the upper side, while the cooling box 36 is juxtaposed with the underside of the composite strip 30.
• Example of the cooling box is formed on its circumference with strip-shaped circumferential wall parts 38 which are advanced against the underside of the composite band 30.
• the distance 39 of the plasma torch 32 from the composite strip 30 is adjustable and, in the example shown, is set up in such a way that the lead bronze surface or lead tin bronze surface of the composite strip 30 facing the plasma torch 32 is melted to a depth of approximately 50 ⁇ m by the plasma flame 45.
• the finely divided, powdery coating material is applied with kinetic energy by the plasma flame 45 to this small, narrowly limited molten bath of lead bronze or lead tin bronze.
• a surface region 18 is continuously formed in the lead bronze layer 17 or lead tin bronze layer 27 in this way and, after leaving the coating area 33, is cooled very quickly together with the functional layer 12 built up by plasma spraying, so that in the surface region 18, the new formation of the dentritic structure of the lead bronze or lead tin bronze can no longer take place, but instead freezing takes place in the manner of a fine dispersion.
• the rapid cooling no longer leads to the coagulation of undissolved constituents; rather, lead particles and other undissolved particles are frozen in a finely dispersed distribution in the matrix of the functional layer.
• the plasma torch 32 is equipped with an electrode part 50 with a cathode 51 and a nozzle part 52 forming the anode.
• An insulating part 53 which contains the inlet 54 for the plasma gas, is inserted between the electrode part 50 and the nozzle part 52.
• the electrode part 50 and the nozzle part 52 are connected to an electrical one High-voltage generator connected, which contains a radio-frequency high voltage generator 55 and a high-voltage rectifier 56.
• an arc 40 is ignited between the cathode 51 and the nozzle part 52, through which the plasma gas introduced at 54 is passed and in this way forms the plasma flame 45 emerging from the nozzle part 52 and directed onto the steel strip 30 to be coated .
• the fine material powder provided for the formation of the functional layer 12 is introduced at 41 inside the nozzle part 52.
• This can be a powder mixture or a fine powder agglomerate, in which the components provided for the formation of the functional layer are combined.
• the hard particles which are to be incorporated into the functional layer to be formed can also be introduced into this second supply 42.
• plasma torch 32 is cooled with water.
• the process variant shown in FIG. 4 provides practically the same plasma torch 32 as in the example in FIG. 3, but differs from the method variant in accordance with FIG. 3 in the type of cooling devices used. Also in the example of FIG. 4, a composite tape to be coated is moved past the plasma torch 32 at a distance 39 in the direction of arrow 34, so that a coating region 33 opposite the plasma torch is formed on the top of the composite tape, in which the composite tape 30 is applied its surface to be coated of the lead bronze layer 27 or lead tin bronze layer 17 under the influence of the plasma flame 45.
• the lead bronze layer 27 or the lead tin bronze layer 17 is melted in a surface region 18 of, for example, 50 ⁇ m depth by the plasma flame and at the same time over and in the vicinity of the small, narrowly formed so formed
• the melt bath is covered with the fine powder coating material until the functional layer 12 is built up.
• the composite tape 30 leaves the coating area 33 at its advance in the direction of arrow 34, it enters the cooling area 35.
• the coated composite tape 30 or the layer material 10 formed in this way is used with a deflection roller 57 with its uncoated steel surface over a cooled Roller 58 pulled.
• This cooling roller 58 can be cooled, for example, with water or other cooling medium.
• Intensive cooling of the layer material 10 produced by air plasma spraying can also be achieved with this cooling device, with a somewhat higher cooling rate possibly being achievable in the procedure indicated in FIG. 3.
• a finely dispersed distribution of the components of the functional layer 12 which are not dissolved in the matrix a disperse distribution of lead and possibly tin in the surface region 18 of the lead bronze layer 27 or lead tin bronze layer 17 and a secure binding of the Functional layer 12 ensured on the surface region 18 of the lead tin bronze layer 17 or lead bronze layer 27.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

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• 1988
  • 1988-04-23 DE DE3813804A patent/DE3813804A1/de active Granted
• 1989
  • 1989-04-13 WO PCT/DE1989/000220 patent/WO1989010423A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1989-04-13 US US07/457,755 patent/US5087529A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-04-13 DE DE89904007T patent/DE58905695D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-04-13 EP EP89904007A patent/EP0383844B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-04-13 BR BR898906923A patent/BR8906923A/pt unknown
  • 1989-04-13 JP JP1504056A patent/JPH02504045A/ja active Pending

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