WO1989002668A1 - Machine electrique excitee par des aimants permanents - Google Patents

Machine electrique excitee par des aimants permanents Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989002668A1
WO1989002668A1 PCT/EP1988/000810 EP8800810W WO8902668A1 WO 1989002668 A1 WO1989002668 A1 WO 1989002668A1 EP 8800810 W EP8800810 W EP 8800810W WO 8902668 A1 WO8902668 A1 WO 8902668A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrical machine
pole
machine according
ring
magnets
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1988/000810
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marlene Marinescu
Nicolae Marinescu
Original Assignee
Marlene Marinescu
Nicolae Marinescu
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marlene Marinescu, Nicolae Marinescu filed Critical Marlene Marinescu
Publication of WO1989002668A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989002668A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H02K1/2783—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets with magnets arranged in Halbach arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H02K1/2792—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets with magnets arranged in Halbach arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to an electric motor, namely a direct current motor or a synchronous motor.
  • the principles of the invention can advantageously also be used for other rotating or non-rotating electrical machines which serve to transmit forces, perform technically usable work or convert them into other forms of energy.
  • the invention can thus also be used for electrical generators, for converters and magnetic couplings and for electromagnets.
  • the invention can also be used for linear motors or for electrical measuring instruments. ⁇
  • the bowl-shaped permanent magnets with their magnetic north-south axis are arranged radially in the stator or in the rotor.
  • collector construction which "collects” the permanent magnetic flux via iron poles and leads to the air gap (the principle of a known “collector motor” is shown in Fig.I).
  • collector motor the principle of a known “collector motor” is shown in Fig.I.
  • the disadvantages of the collector design are known: in addition to the much higher manufacturing costs, the much stronger disadvantageous armature reaction (which must be suppressed with expensive measures) and the higher reluctance torques when idling are to be mentioned.
  • a motor only “collects” with relatively small pole positions, i.e. with large number of poles (under 6 poles, hardly a collector design is worthwhile).
  • the shell motor can also work without inference, but then the air induction drops drastically (Fig. 9) and of all things Q in the polar axis, where it should be high. Such a course is no longer interesting at all. This reduced air gap induction to increase, the permanent magnets must be designed extremely high, which is certainly disadvantageous.
  • the presence of a strong iron yoke is not desirable for several reasons: firstly, this requires a higher weight and (. With external excitation) larger overall dimensions of the motor., Secondly, the yoke reinforces the negative effect of the armature reaction, i.e. the distortion of the air gap induction with all its undesirable consequences. Especially with flat shell magnets - like
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a generic electrical machine in such a way that the field distribution is optimized.
  • the problem is solved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the position of the magnetization vectors, which coincide in direction with the magnetic preferred direction of the respective individual magnets, is achieved because the. Flux between the two pole faces of an associated pair of poles - is essentially closed via the permanent magnets, so that a magnetic conclusion about additional iron parts is not or only to a much lesser extent than previously required.
  • An optimal field distribution could be achieved if an infinite number of permanent magnets were strung together. For practical reasons, however, it is necessary to limit the number of individual magnets, and it has been found that three individual magnets per pole pair already ensure a substantial improvement in several respects.
  • the advantages of the shell magnet design very simple manufacture, low armature reaction, low raster moments
  • the advantages of the collector design high, flexibly designed air gap field
  • the permanent magnet excitation according to the invention can be used to implement electrical machines which do not require iron yoke for the permanent magnets, which has hitherto not been practicable in all known constructions.
  • the invention thus ensures a reduction in iron losses, because mostly no magnetic iron yoke is required.
  • the anchor reaction becomes much smaller for the same reason. Furthermore, an almost sinusoidal field can be achieved and the risk of irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnets can be reduced.
  • Ring magnets have already been developed for nuclear medicine (nuclear magnetic resonance tomography) which have a homogeneous magnetic field inside. Also for electron focusing and other physical devices, “inner" magnetic fields were magnetized with different types
  • the invention is primarily intended for the creation of electric motors, in particular also those of high power with diameters of several meters, in which a reduced armature reaction and the absence of iron yoke are particularly advantageous.
  • Fig.I is a schematic view of a "collector magnet” motor representing the prior art
  • 1 to 3 are schematic representations of a ring magnet arrangement with an external field
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a rotating electrical machine with an internal armature
  • FIG. 6 to 8 embodiments of electrical machines with an external armature.
  • FIG. 9 shows a diagram of the comparison between the air gap induction in a known six-pole motor with radial magnetization and an excitation system according to the invention (in each case with a smooth armature);
  • FIG. 10 shows in a diagram the air gap induction in a six-pole motor according to the invention (with a smooth armature) with a different number of segments (2, 3, 10);
  • the sector-shaped individual magnets (10), which add up to form a ring, are provided with arrows. These arrows indicate the magnetization vector of the individual magnets, the direction of which coincides with the respective preferred direction of the magnets if they are isotropic.
  • the individual magnets adjoin one another in the circumferential direction or there are, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, between leave different gaps in different groups.
  • the ring (12) arranged inside the ring magnet in FIGS. 1 to 3 or the ring (14) lying outside in FIG. 4 form a conclusion which leads to the permanent magnetic flux. In many cases this conclusion can be dropped. In any case, the conclusion can be made with smaller dimensions than at
  • the magnetization vectors of which are arranged symmetrically obliquely.
  • the magnetization vector of the individual magnet lying in each case in the pole axis lies in the radial direction.
  • the direction of the magnetization vectors _._ in the i-th magnet segment results from the following relationship:
  • n 0,1,2, ...
  • n 2,3,4, ... "c- ' ⁇ - angle, which by connecting the center of gravity of the i -th
  • Magnetic sector with the axis of the motor is given with any but fixed radius vector.
  • - Angle that is to be counted in the same direction of rotation and from the same angular zero position as Lf.
  • 30th 5 shows a ring magnet arrangement corresponding to FIG. 4 in connection with an internally arranged armature (16) with twelve grooves and with four instead of eight poles. These grooves are provided with coils in the usual way. However, the windings can also lie directly in the air gap on a smooth armature.
  • FIGS. 6 to 8 show a ring-magnet arrangement corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 3 (but only with four poles) with an external armature (18), the grooves of which are also provided with coils in the usual way.
  • FIG. 7 shows how the same 4-pole excitation as in FIG. 6 can be generated with only twelve instead of 24 magnetic segments, namely with three segments per pole.
  • the polar axis coincides with the axis of a magnetic segment, in the embodiment according to Fig. 8, however, with the boundary between two segments.
  • the generated field distributions are different, which shows the flexibility of the field design »
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show how the induction curve approaches the sinus shape with increasing number of segments. But even with three or two segments per pole, there are extensive advantages in terms of induction »
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 it is possible to arrange the ring magnet arrangements according to FIGS. 3 and 4 coaxially to one another such that an inner magnetic field (FIG. 4) interacts with an outer magnetic field (FIG. 3), ie the magnet arrangement according to FIG. 3 is of the 4 enclosed magnet arrangement. In this case, an effective magnetic coupling is obtained.
  • the individual magnetic modules are constructed essentially symmetrically with respect to their magnetization vectors in such a way that a relatively small number of differently magnetized modules can be used.
  • the individual magnetic modules are constructed essentially symmetrically with respect to their magnetization vectors in such a way that a relatively small number of differently magnetized modules can be used.
  • FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 only three differently magnetized segments are required in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, and in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 four differently magnetized segments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

Dans une machine électrique, des aimants sont agencés annulairement ou linéairement avec leur sens d'aimantation orientés en angle les uns par rapport aux autres, de façon à générer un champ polygonal à l'intérieur de l'agencement d'aimants et à réduire les champs de dispersion du côté opposé aux faces polaires. L'angle des vecteurs d'aimantation (4), c'est-à-dire le sens d'aimantation de chaque aimant, est agencé avec une certaine régularité, mais on peut obtenir des résultats très avantageux même dans le cas de certaines déviations par rapport à cette régularité.
PCT/EP1988/000810 1987-09-11 1988-09-07 Machine electrique excitee par des aimants permanents WO1989002668A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3730615.4 1987-09-11
DE19873730615 DE3730615A1 (de) 1987-09-11 1987-09-11 Elektrische maschine mit permanentmagnet-erregung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1989002668A1 true WO1989002668A1 (fr) 1989-03-23

Family

ID=6335833

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1988/000810 WO1989002668A1 (fr) 1987-09-11 1988-09-07 Machine electrique excitee par des aimants permanents

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE3730615A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989002668A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5280209A (en) * 1989-11-14 1994-01-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Permanent magnet structure for use in electric machinery
DE19508384A1 (de) * 1995-03-13 1996-09-26 Baumueller Nuernberg Gmbh Magnet-Anordnung in einer Magnetleiste für einen elektrischen Linearmotor
RU2458421C2 (ru) * 2010-10-26 2012-08-10 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает государственный заказчик-Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Многополюсная магнитная система
KR101493795B1 (ko) 2008-07-22 2015-02-16 아레파 빈트 게엠베하 영구 여자형 동기 머신

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4216938A1 (de) * 1992-05-22 1993-11-25 Philips Patentverwaltung Mittels Permanentmagneten erregbarer elektrischer Motor
US5861696A (en) * 1996-09-04 1999-01-19 Quantum Corporation Methods and apparatus for improved DC motors and magnetic clutches
IT1320322B1 (it) 2000-04-28 2003-11-26 Filippis Pietro De Motore brushless a magneti permanenti.
GB0310639D0 (en) * 2003-05-08 2003-06-11 Corac Group Plc Rotary electric machine
FR2910193B1 (fr) * 2006-12-15 2010-10-15 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Marchine electrique tournante, en particulier pour un demarreur de vehicule automobile
FR2920259B1 (fr) * 2007-08-22 2015-03-27 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Machine electrique tournante, en particulier pour un demarreur automobile
EP2102965A1 (fr) * 2006-12-15 2009-09-23 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Machine electrique tournante, en particulier pour un demarreur de vehicule automobile
FR2910192B1 (fr) * 2006-12-15 2010-05-28 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Machine electrique tournante, en particulier pour un demarreur de vehicule automobile
DE102007056116B4 (de) * 2007-11-15 2011-12-29 Compact Dynamics Gmbh Permanenterregte elektrische Maschine
FR2932619B1 (fr) * 2008-06-13 2015-11-13 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Machine electrique tournante, notamment demarreur de vehicule automobile
US8350432B2 (en) * 2008-07-28 2013-01-08 Direct Drive Systems, Inc. Electric machine
DE102014203477A1 (de) * 2014-02-26 2015-08-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Anordnung aufweisend eine Magnetkupplung sowie Verwendung einer derartigen Anordnung
DE102015210032A1 (de) * 2015-06-01 2016-12-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mehrphasige Transversalflussmaschine
EP3451498A1 (fr) * 2017-08-30 2019-03-06 Lakeview Innovation Ltd. Rotor multipolaire doté d'aimants permanents en forme de miche de pain
DE102020111036A1 (de) 2020-04-23 2021-10-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Rotortopologie mit heterogen magnetisierten Oberflächenmagneten, elektrische Maschine und Kraftfahrzeug

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3168686A (en) * 1958-12-24 1965-02-02 Philips Corp Permanent magnet
DE1538800A1 (de) * 1965-06-03 1969-10-23 Garrett Corp Elektrische Maschine
US3768054A (en) * 1972-04-03 1973-10-23 Gen Electric Low flux leakage magnet construction
GB1428164A (en) * 1973-03-16 1976-03-17 Inst Wlokiennictwa Apparatus for the contactless handling of objects
FR2353165A1 (fr) * 1976-05-28 1977-12-23 Klaus Union Franz Pompe a aimants permanents
GB1541211A (en) * 1974-11-12 1979-02-28 Pa Management Consult Electro - magnetic machines
US4355236A (en) * 1980-04-24 1982-10-19 New England Nuclear Corporation Variable strength beam line multipole permanent magnets and methods for their use

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3168686A (en) * 1958-12-24 1965-02-02 Philips Corp Permanent magnet
DE1538800A1 (de) * 1965-06-03 1969-10-23 Garrett Corp Elektrische Maschine
US3768054A (en) * 1972-04-03 1973-10-23 Gen Electric Low flux leakage magnet construction
GB1428164A (en) * 1973-03-16 1976-03-17 Inst Wlokiennictwa Apparatus for the contactless handling of objects
GB1541211A (en) * 1974-11-12 1979-02-28 Pa Management Consult Electro - magnetic machines
FR2353165A1 (fr) * 1976-05-28 1977-12-23 Klaus Union Franz Pompe a aimants permanents
US4355236A (en) * 1980-04-24 1982-10-19 New England Nuclear Corporation Variable strength beam line multipole permanent magnets and methods for their use

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Revue Generale de l'Electricite, Nr. 3, Marz 1987, (Paris, FR) J.P. Pouillange: "Moteurs cylindriques a aimants permanents: de bonnes performances aux moyennes et grandes vitesses", Seiten 62-64 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5280209A (en) * 1989-11-14 1994-01-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Permanent magnet structure for use in electric machinery
DE19508384A1 (de) * 1995-03-13 1996-09-26 Baumueller Nuernberg Gmbh Magnet-Anordnung in einer Magnetleiste für einen elektrischen Linearmotor
KR101493795B1 (ko) 2008-07-22 2015-02-16 아레파 빈트 게엠베하 영구 여자형 동기 머신
RU2458421C2 (ru) * 2010-10-26 2012-08-10 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает государственный заказчик-Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Многополюсная магнитная система

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Publication number Publication date
DE3730615A1 (de) 1989-03-30

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