Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
  • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
  • B62D3/00—Steering gears
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
  • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
  • B62D33/00—Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles
  • B62D33/06—Drivers' cabs
  • B62D33/063—Drivers' cabs movable from one position into at least one other position, e.g. tiltable, pivotable about a vertical axis, displaceable from one side of the vehicle to the other
  • B62D33/0636—Drivers' cabs movable from one position into at least one other position, e.g. tiltable, pivotable about a vertical axis, displaceable from one side of the vehicle to the other displaceable along a linear path
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
  • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
  • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
  • B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
  • B62D5/10—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle characterised by type of power unit
  • B62D5/12—Piston and cylinder

Definitions

• the invention relates to a special vehicle according to the preamble of claims 1 and 7.
• the major disadvantage of conventional special vehicles is that the driver's cab, whose size and position cannot be freely selected, proves to be an obstacle in operation. If, for example, crane booms, fire brigade ladders or weapon attachments with gun barrels are to be rotated in a horizontal position, the swivel range is restricted to approximately 300 ° because of the driver's cabin. This means that such vehicles have to be put down for work or that the arms of the equipment bodies have to be raised for a full turn in the area of the driver's cab. In the case of crane and weapon carrier vehicles in particular, this places a significant restriction on the operational given enough, so that trailers or t very long vehicles are often used.
• One difficulty is that in very many cases the vehicle cannot be brought into the required position or position due to its large and limited maneuverability, and the required work area can therefore often not be reached.
• the driver's cab cannot be dimensioned arbitrarily small, since drivers with a height of 1.90 m must also find space in it, on the other hand, the total height of the vehicle, including the body, must not exceed 4 m. Furthermore, the driver's cab cannot be placed anywhere in front of the steering axis, where a problem-free up and down movement would be possible, but is necessarily arranged so that the steering wheels of the front vehicle axis are a hindrance when the cabin moves.
• the vehicle according to the invention has an off-road steering system and a lowerable cabin.
• lowering the cabin describes a curve line, ie the movement is not only in vertical, but in both the horizontal and vertical directions.
• This makes it possible for the cabin to be lowered even with large front wheels by being guided around the wheels or the fenders by a corresponding lifting / lowering mechanism.
• the lowering mechanism By executing the lowering mechanism by means of articulated lever arms, preferably in the form of a parallelograph, the steering ability is not impaired when lowering.
• the steering is not attached to the chassis or the cab as usual, but is built onto the axle body itself, which enables precise steering even when the cabin is lowered.
• Another advantage of this arrangement of the steering mechanism is that additional relative movements of the front axle and the cabin, such as, for example, adjusting the height of the vehicle or leveling the cabin, are possible without the steerability being impaired.
• the steering is not affected by movements of the steering axle during deflection or off-road.
• FIG. 1 shows a side view of a crane vehicle with a lowerable cabin.
• FIG. 2 shows a side view of the crane vehicle according to FIG. 1 with the cabin lowered in the course of work.
• Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the driver's cabin and the steering mechanism.
• Fig. 4 shows a steering axis according to the invention in the view from the front.
• 5 shows the steering axle according to FIG. 1 with the holding plate removed in a view from the front.
• FIG. 6 shows a cross section through the axis according to FIG. 4 along the section line A-A.
• FIG. 7 shows an axis according to FIG. 4 in a view from above.
• a driver's cab 1 In the example of a crane vehicle shown in FIG. 1, a driver's cab 1, a crane structure 41 with a crane boom 42, and a lifting / lowering device 4 for the movement of the cabin 1 can be seen.
• the crane boom 42 is telescoping extendable manner by means of a hydraulic system and can be adjusted in the inclination '.
• the driver's cab 1 is in the driving position, ie in the raised position for driving on the road.
• FIG. 2 shows the crane vehicle according to FIG. 1 with the cab 1 lowered.
• the crane structure 41 is rotated in a working position by 180 ° with respect to the rest position. Since the driver's cab 1, which is suspended by means of articulated arms 2, is lowered almost to the ground, it is easily possible to move the crane boom 42 over the cab 1 in order, for example, to carry out work in the driver's field of vision. Even in its lowest position, ie in a horizontal position, the crane boom 42 can be rotated through 360 ° without the driver's cabin being a hindrance. This is of great advantage, for example, when working in low rooms.
• the cabin 1 is suspended by means of a plurality of articulated arms 2, which form part of the lifting / lowering device 4.
• FIG. 1 is suspended by means of a plurality of articulated arms 2, which form part of the lifting / lowering device 4.
• FIG. 3 shows a detailed sectional view of the driver's cab 1 and the steering mechanism.
• the cab is again in the driving position.
• the articulated arms 2, which are articulated to the driver's cab 1 and a holding device 30, are held in the raised position by one or more hydraulic cylinders 31.
• the bearing axes or the articulated points of these articulated arms form the corner points of a parallelogram, viewed from the side. If the hydraulic cylinder or the hydraulic cylinder 31 is adjusted, the front ends of the articulated arms 2 move along a circular path and accordingly the cabin 1 moves as well - Form pedes, and two hydraulic cylinders are provided on each side of the cabin, so the cabin can be moved up or down in a horizontal orientation even when the chassis is tilted.
• the two cylinders 31 are adjusted in a coordinated manner, ie the right and left cylinders have a different stroke in accordance with the inclination of the vehicle. Since the driver's cab shifts relative to the chassis or the vehicle axles, in particular the steering axle, during the up or down movement, the steering must be transmitted in such a way that the steering is not impaired during these movements of the cabin.
• the mounting device 30 is preferably arranged above the front wheels 14 or even behind them. This makes it possible to raise the cabin by means of the articulated arms 2 so that the rear wall thereof lies above or also behind the front wheels 14. When lowering, the cabin moves obliquely forward, as will be explained in more detail below, so that the steerability of the wheels 14 is not impaired. With a suitable construction of the holding device 30 and the articulated arms 2, the cabin is moved up and down in such a way that the elements lying in the area of the front wheels 14 do not hinder the wheel turning, which means that the cabin also during the Ride up and down can be moved. This is achieved in that the cabin moves on an essentially circular or elliptical path and the articulated arms 2 are so long that all elements of the cabin are always at least about the radius of the front wheels 14 from the front axles.
• the cabin 1 preferably has its own suspension that is independent of the rest of the vehicle.
• a spring or diaphragm accumulator can be provided in the oil supply system of the cylinder 31 lifting the cylinder 1. This memory can either be switched on or off.
• the steering system solves this problem by a novel design and arrangement of the steering system.
• This contains a steering wheel 33, a steering spindle 3, an angular gear 5, and a transmission shaft 7 with two sections 7a, 7b and a universal joint 6 for the steering transmission, as well as further elements not visible in this figure.
• the transmission shaft 7 has in the rear Section 7b a toothed sliding sleeve for the compensation of length differences when the driver's cab 1 or the front axle 32 moves.
• the control movement is transmitted via this steering system to the steering column not shown in this figure.
• FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a steering axle according to the invention viewed from the front.
• a bracket plate 18 is fixedly connected to the axle body 13.
• a mounting structure for a hydraulic spindle steering column 8 and two auxiliary cylinders 15, 16 (FIG. 5) concealed here are attached to this mounting plate 18.
• the steering column 8 is connected on the one hand via its input shaft 27 to the rear section of the transmission shaft 7b and on the other hand to a steering arm 9.
• the piston rods 11, the short tie rod sections 12 and a connecting rod 10 and corresponding connecting elements 25, 26 can be seen.
• the two piston rods 11 are each connected at their ends by a connecting element 25 or 26.
• the steering transmission is primarily purely mechanical, but is supported by hydraulic support in the steering column 8 and additionally by the two hydraulic auxiliary cylinders 15, 16 and their piston rods 11.
• the mechanical tracking by means of the lever 9 and the connecting rods 10 is intended to provide a mechanical steering connection from the steering wheel to the wheels 14.
• greater steering precision can be achieved on the one hand, and on the other hand there is the possibility, even if only conditionally, according to regulations, in the event of an engine failure the vehicle to steer by hand.
• Figure 5 shows, also from the front, the steering axis, with the mounting plate 18 being removed.
• the piston rods 11 are continuous, wherein they have a hydraulic piston 17 in the middle.
• the application area for the hydraulic oil on both sides of the piston 17 is of the same size and, accordingly, the same amount of oil or the same oil pressure is required both for steering movements to the left and to the right.
• the piston rods serve at the same time as an intermediate member of the tie rod sections 12, with which they are connected in an articulated manner via the connecting elements 25, 26.
• the two auxiliary cylinders 15, 16 serve as a guide.
• FIG. 6 shows a cross section through the steering axis and the holding plate 18.
• the mounting plate 18 is connected to the axle gear housing 34 or the axle body 13 by means of mounting elements 35.
• the two auxiliary cylinders 15, 16 with the piston rods 11 and the hydraulic spindle steering column 8 are fastened to it.
• Connection openings 19, 20 are provided on the auxiliary cylinders 15, 16 for connecting the hydraulic lines or hoses.
• the shaft 7 is connected to the hydraulic spindle steering column via a shaft stub 27 and by means of a universal joint, not shown, which is pushed and fastened over the shaft. The mechanical steering transmission is thus ensured by the steering arm 9.
• FIG. 7 shows a view of the steering axis from above.
• the axle body 13, the axle drive 34, 37 with a differential integrated therein as well as the mounting device 18, 35 and the steering column 8 can be seen.
• the steering column 8 connected to the axle body 13 or the axle transmission housing 34 via the holding device 18, 35 via the steering arm 9, the connecting rod 10, the connecting elements 25, 26 and the articulated thereon Coupled tie rod sections 12 is connected both to the wheels, which are not visible here, and to the auxiliary cylinders 15, 16, which are concealed here. Movements of the steering arm 9 are thereby transmitted via the connecting rod 10 and the connecting elements 25, 26 both to the tie rod sections 12 and to the piston rods 11.
• the supply and discharge lines 21-24 are provided on the hydraulic spindle steering column and are preferably connected to the hydraulic cylinders 15, 16 by hoses. Instead of hydraulic hoses, pipe connections can also be used.
• the additional steering support is designed in a new way as a so-called 2-circuit steering system.
• Hydraulically assisted steering systems have been used in conventional large delivery and lorries with 2 or 3 axles and tractors for more than 15 years.
• the hydraulic support usually takes place in the steering column, ie the steering column contains a hydraulic piston which, in a manner similar to the present hydraulic spindle steering column, facilitates the movement of a steering arm when the steering is actuated.
• a hydraulic valve is opened, which directs oil supplied by a hydraulic pump to the double-acting piston of the steering column, so that the steering movement is supported.
• even heavier vehicles e.g.
• the steering system according to the invention therefore uses two parallel auxiliary steering cylinders 15, 16, which in the present exemplary embodiment are arranged one above the other.
• the two auxiliary cylinders 15, 16 each have openings at their ends and each have a continuous piston rod 11 with corresponding pistons 17.
• Connections 19, 20 cause the oil flow coming from the hydraulic spindle steering column via lines 21-24 to the auxiliary cylinder Change 15, 16 fed and discharged.
• One cylinder is supplied via one line pair 21, 22, the other via the second line pair 23, 24.
• the hydraulic spindle steering column which in turn also has a hydraulic piston, contains two mutually independent control blocks and correspondingly separate control valves or valve units, which work independently of one another.
• the hydraulic spindle steering column provided for the steering system according to the invention accordingly has 4 connections, ie one connection on the left and one on the right for the cylinder 15 and for the cylinder 16. This ensures that if one auxiliary cylinder fails, the other thanks to the separate one Oil supply circuit continues to work without any problems.
• the vehicle loses oil, but can be steered without difficulty until it stops. Since the piston rods 11 are rigidly coupled at their ends by means of the connecting elements 25, 26, the non-functional cylinder is also carried along and the transmission of steering to the tie rod sections 12 is guaranteed.
• the auxiliary cylinders 15, 16, the hydraulic spindle steering column 8 and the shaft end 27 are carried by the mounting plate 18 and form a unit which is carried by the axle body 13.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=4249489

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (3)

• 1987
  • 1987-08-14 CH CH314187A patent/CH675102A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1988
  • 1988-07-18 WO PCT/CH1988/000125 patent/WO1989001435A1/de unknown

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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