WO1989001405A1

WO1989001405A1 - Process and device for manufacturing reinforced fabrics with diagonal weft threads

Info

Publication number: WO1989001405A1
Application number: PCT/EP1988/000036
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dietrich A. H. Kirchner
Original assignee: Texbau Kirchner Gmbh
Priority date: 1987-08-10
Filing date: 1988-01-20
Publication date: 1989-02-23
Also published as: JPH03502117A; EP0379478B1; DE3880147D1; EP0379478A1

Abstract

In a process for manufacturing reinforced fabrics with triangularly arranged, warp and weft threads, the fabrics manufactured possess uniformly high tensile strength in all directions. The reinforced fabrics consist of two or more conventional fabrics (2) in which the perpendicular arrangement of warp and weft threads is drawn obliquely during a rolling process into an oblique thread construction, the threads being joined together in this obliquely drawn form.

Description

Method and device for producing reinforcement fabrics with diagonal weft threads

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing reinforcement fabrics with diagonal weft threads.

Reinforcing fabrics are increasingly required in modern technology as tensile stabilizing inserts in plastic materials and also for the diagonal reinforcement of high tensile textile formwork.

With these reinforcement requirements, tensile strength in all directions is important in most cases, which is only possible to a limited extent with the stabilizing materials available so far, such as woven fabrics, nonwovens, etc. Conventional fabrics, for example, have to be installed in multiple layers in the plastic materials to be reinforced in alternating installation directions to ensure tensile strength in all directions. For the stabilizing fabrics, the right-angled and therefore easily displaceable arrangement of warp and weft threads is responsible for this. Nonwovens, on the other hand, offer reinforcing materials Reinforcement options with tensile strengths in all directions, however, due to their random structure, have a significantly higher constructional stretch than fabric.

With newer manufacturing processes, attempts have been made to compensate for the disadvantages mentioned above! the "diagonal one-shot fabric technique" and the "scrim technique". However, both methods require relatively high expenditure on machinery and equipment. In the diagonal weft technique, in addition to the conventional known weft threads arranged at right angles to the warp threads, diagonal weft threads are also woven in, which in turn has the consequence that the fabric is more voluminous and therefore the constructional stretch is increased. With the lay-up technique, on the other hand, you can switch off the construction stretch almost 100 percent and also arrange weft threads at different angles to the longitudinal warp threads. The disadvantages of this construction, however, are that all the warp threads lie on one side of the web, all weft threads are "laid" on the other side and the connection at the thread crossings is made only by point gluing of the threads. The "scrim construction" includes a certain susceptibility to malfunctions in handling and certain uncertainty factors in all cases, since the scrims are not completely embedded in a (plastic) mass that encompasses all threads.

As intermediate layers for the diagonal stabilization of high-tensile textile fabrics, such as textile formwork, on the other hand, because of the tensile load of all warp and weft threads that changes in the direction of the tensile force, the most extensive interlinking of the different threads with simultaneous high tensile strength and as little stretch as possible should be aimed for. The object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned at the beginning with which very stable and reliable fabric arrangements can be created which can also be used for the mentioned reinforcement purposes for applications with very high tensile forces.

The solution according to the invention consists in the fact that the reinforcement fabrics consist of two or more conventional fabric webs, the right-angled arrangement of warp and weft threads in a rolling process being warped by oblique pulling to an oblique-angled thread construction and which are connected to one another in this warped form.

From a static point of view, fabrics with relatively large thread spacings are sufficient for the diagonal reinforcements in most cases, i.e. relatively open fabrics with easily displaceable thread arrangements. These fabrics can be easily warped by pulling them obliquely according to the invention from a deflection roller which is generally more or less perpendicular to the direction of the original web. As a result, a fabric arrangement is obtained behind the deflecting roller, in which the weft threads are no longer at right angles to the warp threads. The fact that the width of the fabric and the thread spacing also decrease is a fact that can easily be taken into account when calculating the necessary widths, etc.

The fabric web thus produced is then connected to a second fabric web likewise produced, in which, however, the weft threads are distorted in the opposite direction, so that the inclined weft threads cross and form a triangular arrangement with the longitudinal warp threads. Both fabric webs can be done in the same way with the same device are prefabricated and then joined together with crossing weft threads after one of the two webs has been pivoted in the longitudinal direction by 180 °.

In another method, a web is practically pivoted through 180 ° in the transverse direction. For this purpose, it is provided that the web of fabric produced with a pulling device, after being wound onto a take-up roll, is unwound approximately half of it and wound in the opposite direction onto a second parallel take-up roll, and that with the piece of fabric located between the two take-up rolls starting the webs are pulled from both take-up rolls and connected together. With this method, so to speak, the second half of the fabric web is pivoted by 180 in a transverse direction with respect to the first.

In both cases of pivoting in the longitudinal or transverse direction by 180, the draft angle would be the same. But it is also easily possible to connect fabric webs that are warped in different ways, so that the warping angles are unequal.

The draft angle is advantageously approximately 15 ° to 45. At larger angles, it becomes very difficult to pull the tissue so much. At smaller angles, the deviation from the right angle is not large enough so that the effect of the diagonal reinforcement or reinforcement wears off. Be particularly advantageous have • • ^• - but proved draft angle of about 30, as in this case, the thread arrays of warp and weft threads in the form of equilateral triangles are obtained which make the reinforcement mesh fabric in all directions the same tensile strength. In the case of smaller production quantities, only one take-off device could be provided and two warped material webs produced in this same take-off device could be connected to one another after appropriate intermediate storage, one of the webs being rotated about its longitudinal axis before the webs were connected. If large quantities are to be produced quickly, two different draw-off devices acting in opposite directions will be used and the webs thus warped will be connected to one another continuously and continuously.

Advantageously, the deflection roller is provided with a schrauben¬ shaped surface structure to the fabric an axial the withdrawal direction ^"opposite Kraftkompo¬ component exerts. The so structured deflection roller can weiter¬ toward be provided with an adhesive coating to the side slipping of the fabric on this guide roller prevent additionally.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, two parallel deflecting rollers touching each other are used, in each of which the fabric web is deflected by 180 °. As a result, the fabric web leaves the take-off device in the same direction in which it also entered the take-off device. Since a reversal of the direction of movement is avoided in this way, this method can be used particularly advantageously in production lines. In this case, the first deflection roller in the working direction is expediently provided with an adhesive coating so that the fabric cannot slip here. However, the second deflecting roller has a very smooth surface, so that slipping and the desired warping take place particularly easily here. Depending on the intended use and the desired stability and strength of the starting material, more than two fabric sheets can also be connected to one another.

The best way to connect the fabric webs is by gluing. The advantage here is that, due to the relatively open fabric structure, the adhesive can easily pass through several layers of fabric webs lying one on top of the other. Polyester and glass fiber have proven to be a particularly advantageous material for the reinforcement fabrics.

If the reinforcement fabric is provided with a coating after the warped fabric webs have been connected, it is not only possible to obtain particularly good reinforcement or reinforcement for other fabrics. Rather, the product consisting of coating and reinforcement can be used directly since it is very stable. This is due to the fact that the coating can easily get into the relatively large spaces between the threads and at the same time additionally connects these threads to one another.

A waterproof coating is particularly useful. In this way, waterproof tarpaulins or sheets are obtained which are effectively reinforced with diagonal reinforcement. Coatings made of PVC or rubber are particularly cheap. In all cases, flexible but highly tensile membranes are obtained, which are reinforced in a simple and very effective way.

It has already been mentioned that, in one embodiment, the textile web can be warped via a single roller, which is provided with an adhesive coating or a helically profiled coating. In a second embodiment, two rollers can be used, of which the the first is provided with an adhesive coating, while the second is very smooth. In a third embodiment, a composite roller is now used which has elongated elements which are arranged on a cylinder jacket and are displaceable in the direction of the cylinder axis and which are connected in particular to the roller hub via cardan-movable spokes.

The corresponding elongated elements move with increasing distortion of the material in the cylinder direction and thus follow the tissue, so that the tissue on these parts no longer slides when it is distorted, but is guided, whereby a particularly trouble-free distortion is made possible.

The elongated elements could be freely movable so that they follow the direction of warping. However, it is more advantageous to control this movement by providing a control for displacing the elongate elements in the cylinder axis direction as a function of the roller rotation.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the drafting roller is provided at its ends with shaft ends which are inclined to the cylinder axis, the shaft axes of which are parallel and which have spoke-shaped holding elements which are rotatable about axes perpendicular to the shaft axis and to which the elongate elements are fastened in such a way that between the elongated elements and the holding elements connected therewith, a pivoting movement is possible about an axis which is perpendicular to the shaft axis and to the axis of rotation between the holding element and shaft axis.

In the case of very long rollers, to provide additional support for the elongated elements, it can be provided that the drafting roller has inclined disks between the shaft ends, with which the elongated elements are connected in this way are, as is the case for the connection of the elongated elements with the shaft ends.

The invention is described below on the basis of an advantageous embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. A schematic view shows:

Figure 1 is a plan view of an arrangement for warping a fabric web.

2 shows the device of FIG. 1 in side view,

3 shows a perspective view of two warped fabric webs which are to be connected to one another;

Fig. 4 shows the finished reinforcement produced by the method of Fig. 3 in plan view;

5 shows another embodiment of the method according to the invention;

FIG. 6 is a graphical representation to explain the method of FIG. 5;

7 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the method in plan view;

8 shows the device for carrying out the method from FIG. 7 in a side view; _

9 shows another device for carrying out the method in plan view;

10 shows the device of FIG. 9 in a side view; FIG. 11 shows a further device in plan view, specifically along the line XI-XI of FIG. 12;

FIG. 12 shows the device of FIG. 11 in a side view, specifically along the line XII-XII;

13 shows an axial plan view of a roller which can be used for the invention;

Figure 14 is a side view of the roller of Figure 13 with some parts omitted; and

Fig. 15 the roller of Figs. 13 and 14 from the side.

1 shows a supply roll 1 for a relatively open and easily displaceable fabric 2 with a chain 3 and weft threads 4. The supply roll 1 is held in a storage and braking device 5, by means of which the take-off speed and pull-off force can be regulated. At 6, a deflection roller mounted at 7 is shown, which is provided with helical threads 8. The deflection roller 6 is arranged parallel to the supply roll 1 and perpendicular to the warp threads 3. A winding roller 10, which is mounted and driven at 9, is arranged obliquely to the deflection roller 6. By means of this take-up roll 10, the fabric is drawn off obliquely from the deflection roller 6, so that warp and weft threads are no longer at right angles to one another. So that in this arrangement (FIG. 1) the fabric web 2 does not slip on the deflecting roller 6 in the pull-off direction, the threads 8 of the deflecting roller 6 impart a force counteracting the warping direction to the tissue to be pulled, so that the fabric remains in place throughout the work process can be reliably held in the target position. Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of Fig. 1 in side view, the direction of rotation of the individual rollers and rollers is indicated by arrows.

3 shows two fabric webs 2 produced on take-up rolls 10, one of which is arranged above the other and one of which has been rotated by 180 ° around the direction of the longitudinal extent of the expanded fabric web. These fabric sheets are then placed on top of one another and glued, the adhesive being able to flow easily through the relatively open fabric and being able to connect the two fabrics to one another.

The finished arrangement in plan view can be seen in Fig. 4. One can clearly see on the right on the edge the two individual fabric webs 2 with their different orientation of the weft threads _r while on the left you can see the finished diagonal reinforcement with the many triangular thread structures through which the advantageous effects of the reinforcement are obtained.

5, two take-up rolls are used. After the diagonal pulling, the material web 2 is first wound on a winding roll 10. As shown in the upper part at a). The end of the material web 2 is then guided to another, parallel winding roll 11, which is fastened together with the winding roll 10 to a common frame 12. Approximately half of the material web 2 is then rewound from the take-up roll 10 onto the take-up roll 11, but this winding takes place in the opposite sense until the condition shown in b) is reached.

Then the fabric web is gripped at 13 between the two take-up rollers 10 and 11 and in the direction of arrow 14 deducted. Both parts of the fabric web 2 are then pressed together between two pressure rollers 15 and connected there, for example by gluing, as is shown in c).

In d) a somewhat different embodiment is shown, in which the two fabric webs 2 lying one above the other are pulled over three deflection rollers 16 through an adhesive bath 17 and then, after the adhesive has hardened, are wound up on a take-up roller 18 which is attached to a frame 19 is. The frame 19 carries a further take-up roll 20 on which the web can be wound up when the first take-up roll 18 is full.

In Fig. 6 it is illustrated that in the method of Fig. 5, one half of the fabric web 2 is folded over practically in the direction of the arrows 21 about a transverse axis 22 by 180 °, so that the triangular shape of the threads is obtained, which in the lower part is shown, while in the upper part of the figure the original web is shown with obliquely distorted weft threads.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8, two deflection rollers 6 and 23 are provided which are arranged in parallel and touch. The first deflection roller 6 in the working direction is provided with an adhesive coating, while the second deflection roller 23 has a smooth surface. The fabric web 2 is still held in its original undistorted shape by the deflection roller 6; the warping takes place only on the roller 23, where it can take place particularly easily and effectively because of the smooth surface thereof.

The embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from that of FIGS. 7 and 8 in the following points. Instead of a supply roll 1, two supply rolls 1 and 25 are provided, so that after unwinding the supply from one Role can be quickly changed to the second. Accordingly, two take-up rolls 10 and 24 are provided. A further guide roller 27 is arranged in front of the two deflecting rollers 6 and 23, in which the oblique pulling takes place. Finally, a further braking device is provided at 26, which acts in addition to the braking devices, which acts on the rollers 11, 25, 6 and / or 23.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12, two material webs 2 and 2 'are simultaneously drawn off from two supply rolls i and 1'. They are first drawn between two contacting guide rollers 27 and 28 or 27 'and 28', so that the conditions behind these guide rollers are independent of the degree of unwinding or remaining stock of material webs on the supply rollers 1 and 1 '. The material webs are then drawn over the deflection rollers 6 and 23 or 6 'and 23', on which the oblique distortion takes place. The two material webs that come into contact with one another are pulled off in the direction of arrow 31 above two further deflecting rollers 29 and 30 that are in contact and that are arranged obliquely to the rollers mentioned. After they have been passed through a loop tower or the like, in which the adhesive can harden, they return in the direction of arrow 32 into the part of the device shown in the figure, namely into the winding part shown in broken lines. This has deflection rollers 33 and 34 and guide rollers 35 and 36. The web is then wound on the take-up roll 37.

The connection is made with adhesive, which is arranged in an adhesive bath 17. There is a roller 16 which is wetted by the adhesive and one of the webs coated with adhesive. Since there is a risk that the two fabric webs 2 and 2 'do not lie exactly one above the other in the region of the rollers 29 and 30, it can be provided for the corresponding correction that the two rollers 29 and 30 can be displaced in the axial direction relative to one another by a or both rollers can be moved in the axial direction. If the two material beds 2 and 2 'are not exactly one above the other, this can be corrected by axially displacing one or both rollers.

The compound is conveniently carried out as mentioned by gluing, on the one hand pasty or liquid adhesive ^• as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, rubber, bitumen and the like can be used. It goes without saying that the transition to welding processes is fluid if, for example, polyester fabric webs are glued with polyester.

Also powdery adhesive application with e.g. Polyester, polyamide, polyethylene is possible. These adhesives, which then act as a welding agent, are sprinkled on the sides of the fabric to be bonded and activated by heat before the fabrics are joined together. To do this, e.g. the arrangement of Fig. 12 can be reversed. While in the arrangement shown in FIG. 12 the adhesive is applied from below through the roller 16 and thus passes between the two fabric webs 2 and 2 ', the fabric webs would have to be pulled down so that the powdery adhesive is applied to the top of a fabric web could.

The bonding can also be carried out using hot-melt adhesives which are introduced in the form of nonwovens between the two material webs at the point at which they unite, ie in the embodiment of FIG. 4 between the rollers 29 and 30, which are then designed as heating rollers . Another fabric could also be used here, possibly not warped fabric is inserted between the two warped fabrics to further reinforce the multi-layer fabric produced.

FIGS. 13 to 15 show an advantageous embodiment of a drafting roller 40 which can be used for the invention.

The drafting roller 40 is not a closed structure, but is essentially made up of elongated, approximately beam-shaped elements 41 which are arranged on a cylinder jacket and which, in the embodiment shown, are hollow to save weight. On their surface the elongated elements 41 carry an adhesive coating e.g. in the form of rubber. The fabric web 2 to be warped rests only on the rubber elements 42.

The elongated elements 41 shift during the rotational movement of the drafting roller 40, as will now be described in connection with FIGS. 14 and 15.

The shaft with which the roller 40 is driven is not coaxial with the axis of symmetry of the draft roller, but has a direction 43 which includes an angle with the roller axis 44. At the end of the shaft there is a shaft end or a hub 45 which is connected to the shaft and can rotate about the axis 43. Holding elements 47 rotatable about axes 46 are connected to this hub 45, each of which is connected to an elongate element 41. The axes 46 are perpendicular to the shaft axis 43. Of the elements 41, only three elements are shown in FIG. 14 for better clarity. The elongated elements 41 are fastened to the holding elements 47 so as to be pivotable about axes 48, which are perpendicular to the shaft axis 43 and perpendicular are to the axis 46, so that a gimbal attachment of the elongated elements 41 is obtained.

At the other end of the drafting roller 40, not shown, a corresponding hub element 45 is provided, which can be rotated about an axis parallel to the axis 43.

If the drafting roller 40 has a greater length, support elements 49 can also be provided between the two outer hub elements 45, which are gimbally connected to the elongate elements 41, as is the case with the elements 45. These elements 49 can either be arranged freely between the elongated elements 41 or they can be supported by fastening them on the roller axis 44 in such a way that they maintain their inclined position in space, but can also rotate with the draft roller 40.

With this arrangement, the elongated elements 41 execute a complete back and forth movement with each rotation of the drafting roller 40 and thereby cause an extremely fabric-friendly drafting of displaceable fabrics in positive guidance. The lateral fabric distortion takes place in the non-supporting spaces between the individual supporting surfaces 42, so that irregular warping due to irregular slipping on the roller can no longer occur.

15, the roller 40 is still shown in a side view, in such a way that the roller axis 44 is in the plane of the drawing. The shaft axis 43 is arranged obliquely to the plane of the drawing.

Claims

1. A process for the production of reinforcing fabrics with diagonal weft threads, characterized in that the reinforcing fabrics consist of two or more conventional fabric webs, the right-angled arrangement of warp and weft threads in a rolling process by oblique deduction to an oblique-angled thread construction be pulled and connected to each other in this warped form.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that two or more fabric webs warped in different directions are connected to one another.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the draft angle of both tracks are chosen to be the same size.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the draft angle is approximately 15 ° to 45. A

Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the draft angles are approximately 30 °.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that two warped fabric webs produced with the same Abzugvor¬ direction together vveerrbbuunnddeenn wweerrddeenn ,, vvoonn ddee: nen one is rotated by 180 ° about its longitudinal axis.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fabric web generated with a take-off device is unwound after being wound up on a take-up roll about half of it and wound in the opposite direction onto a second parallel take-up roll, and that with the piece of fabric located between the two take-up rolls, the webs are drawn off from both take-up rolls and connected to one another.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a deflecting roller with a screw-shaped surface structure is used.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a deflecting roller is used with a covering preventing slippage of the fabric web.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that a second, the first touching deflection roller with a smooth surface is used.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and 6 to 10, characterized in that two fabric sheets in two Λ

Extraction devices are continuously, but warped in different directions of warpage and then connected to one another.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the fabric webs are glued together.

13 «Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that fabrics made of polyester and other high tensile plastics are used.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that fabrics made of glass fibers are used.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized. characterized in that the reinforcing fabric is provided with a coating after the warped fabric webs have been connected.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that a waterproof coating is applied.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a coating of PVC is applied.

18 «Method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized gekenn¬. That a coating of rubber is applied.

19. Drafting roller for the production of reinforcing fabrics with diagonal weft threads, characterized in that they are arranged in an elongated on a cylinder jacket »# * F.-

Cylinder axis direction (44) has displaceable elements (41).

20. Draft roller according to claim 19, characterized in that a controller (43-48) for displacing the elongated elements (41) in the cylinder axis direction (44) is provided as a function of the roller rotation.

21. Draft roller according to claim 20, characterized in that it is provided at its ends with the cylinder axis oblique shaft ends (45), the shaft axes (43) are parallel and the spoke-shaped holding elements

(47) which are rotatable about axes (46) perpendicular to the shaft axis (43) and to which the elongate elements (41) are fastened such that a pivoting movement between the elongate elements (41) and the holding elements (46) connected thereto around an axis

(48) is possible, which is perpendicular to the shaft axis (43) and to the axis of rotation (46) between the holding element and the shaft end (45).

22. Drafting roller according to claim 21, characterized in that it has sloping disks (49) between the shaft ends (45), with which elongate elements (41) are connected, as is the case for the connection of the elongate elements (41) to the shaft ends (45) is the case.