WO1988010058A1 - Flexible heating element and process for manufacturing same - Google Patents

Flexible heating element and process for manufacturing same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988010058A1
WO1988010058A1 PCT/FR1988/000274 FR8800274W WO8810058A1 WO 1988010058 A1 WO1988010058 A1 WO 1988010058A1 FR 8800274 W FR8800274 W FR 8800274W WO 8810058 A1 WO8810058 A1 WO 8810058A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating element
flexible
layers
insulating material
complex
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1988/000274
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-François Beauferey
Original Assignee
Beauferey Jean Francois
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8707643A external-priority patent/FR2616002B1/en
Application filed by Beauferey Jean Francois filed Critical Beauferey Jean Francois
Publication of WO1988010058A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988010058A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/033—Heater including particular mechanical reinforcing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flexible heating element and to its manufacturing process.
  • the invention will find its application in the field of electrical construction and will find its use in many different fields.
  • heating elements may be encountered in the particular cases of heating of liquids or of pulverulent or gaseous materials, the latter possibly being particularly abrasive or corrosive.
  • these elements make it possible to distribute the temperature more evenly over the surface to be heated.
  • they have a relative flexibility which allows them to adapt to a large number of curved surfaces.
  • flexible heating elements consist of two electrically insulating films of polyester, polyimide, silicone fabric, or other sticky sheets or polymerizable, between which is placed a resistant metallic layer formed by a resistive engraved metal wire, ribbon or strip.
  • the brittleness comes from the insulating films used as recalled above, which on the one hand have a relative flexibility for some and on the other hand poor resistance to abrasion, to pull, tear, and puncture. This makes the heating elements very vulnerable and requires frequent replacement.
  • the heating power must be limited to fairly low temperatures in continuous use, in particular from 70 to 200 oC, which limits the efficiency of these heating elements.
  • the existing flexible heating elements can only very rarely be used immersed in the said corrosive liquid.
  • the flexible heating elements are subject to scaling, which in the long term makes them lose their ability and is detrimental to their temperature resistance.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a flexible heating element as well as its manufacturing process which make it possible to overcome the various aforementioned drawbacks of the known elements in order to increase their reliability and make them usable in case so far they could not be.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to provide a flexible heating element which, by design, has high mechanical strength and makes it possible to avoid any blistering phenomenon thanks to a moisture absorption close to zero.
  • Another object of the present invention is to present a flexible heating element which makes it possible to avoid any scaling phenomenon, which will allow a longer longevity of the element and a better yield.
  • Another object of the present invention is to present a flexible heating element which is capable of withstanding continuous operating temperatures above 200 oC, which will make it possible to have increased efficiency of the heating system in many cases of use.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a flexible heating element as well as an original manufacturing method which make it possible to obtain a waterproof product, non-absorbent of moisture and resistant to corrosion, thus allowing direct immersion of the flexible heating element in most liquids, aggressive or not.
  • the flexible heating element in particular intended to be plated on any surface to be heated or immersed in a liquid, consisting of at least two layers of flexible insulating material arranged and secured on either side of a third resistant metallic layer, is characterized in that the said layers of flexible insulating material consist of a complex with high mechanical resistance to traction, tearing, and puncturing, and not absorbing moisture.
  • the said complex constituting the said layers of flexible insulating material has a high temperature resistance and / or a surface made non-stick.
  • the manufacturing process of the flexible heating element according to the present invention is characterized in that: a resistive metallic strip is joined to the said complex forming one of the said layers of flexible insulating material, - the said strip is etched by a suitable chemical process to obtain a resistant element, is joined, on the bare face of said etched strip, said complex forming the second said layer of flexible insulating material.
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a flexible heating element produced according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a sectional view of the various layers forming the flexible heating element of the present invention.
  • the invention relates to a flexible heating element and its manufacturing process.
  • the flexible heating element 1 is in the form of a thin flat element consisting of at least two layers 2 and 3 of flexible insulating material arranged and secured on either side of a third resistant metallic layer 4.
  • said layers 2 and 3 of flexible insulating material are constituted by a complex with high mechanical tensile strength, tearing, puncturing, and not absorbing moisture.
  • the flexibility of said complex will be such that it allows a very small radius of curvature of the heating element, for example of the order of 1 mm.
  • the structure will be such that the pleating of the heating element will be limited or even impossible.
  • the flexibility obtained by the heating element of the present invention makes it possible in particular to improve the contact and therefore the heat transfer between the heating element and the part to be heated even in the case of any and complex shapes.
  • the flexible heating element of the present invention will have at least one external surface 10, 11 made non-stick in order to avoid any sticking of any material on its periphery and thus avoid any scaling of its heating surface prejudicial to its temperature resistance and efficiency.
  • this anti-adhesion will be authorized by the use of a complex, forming the said layers 2 and 3, made non-stick.
  • the complex forming said layers 2 and 3 of the heating element 1 will have a high temperature resistance, which will in particular allow its use at temperatures above 200 ° C. in continuous use which can go up to 260oC.
  • the said complex forming the layers 2 and 3 of flexible insulating material is substantially formed by a glass cloth, which gives the heating element good flexibility, high mechanical strength and held to stresses such as pulling, shearing, bending, tearing, perforation, pleating.
  • this glass fabric receives a treatment so as to make it non-stick. This is achieved in particular by coating or impregnating silicone and preferably materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • such a glass fabric rendered non-stick has good dimensional stability properties, and has a high resilience, a high resistance to abrasion, a high resistance to shearing, and to deformation.
  • the surfaces have excellent anti-friction and anti-adhesion and non-moisture absorption properties.
  • the thermal properties a range of operating temperatures is obtained from -70oC to + 260oC.
  • the complex obtained has a very high dielectric strength, which avoids the phenomena of loss and breakdown.
  • a glass fabric envelope coated with very thin PTFE is formed, which makes it possible to limit the thermal gradient between the resistive element and the emitting surface, and very flexible, which makes it possible to easily marry complex parts and allows perfect homogeneity of chagffe.
  • a strip whose thickness varies between 5 and 25 ⁇ is used.
  • said layers 2 and 3 of flexible insulating material are bonded on either side of said third resistant metallic layer 4 by means of a adhesive layer having high temperature resistance and high dielectric power.
  • a silicone adhesive which, by virtue of its properties, gives the resistance excellent dielectric properties and makes it possible to produce a tight and consequently immersible assembly.
  • the present invention also provides a method of manufacturing said flexible heating element as just described.
  • one of the faces 7, previously treated, is coated with the second complex 3 of the glass fabric / PTFE, with a layer of adhesive 8,
  • a photo-sensitive film is deposited which is exposed taking into account the course of the resistance and is revealed.
  • the alloy is then etched to obtain resistance.
  • the faces 5 and 7 of the respective complex 2 and 3 are treated to make them stickable, for example by chemical treatment to denaturalize the surface.
  • insulated and sealed connections obtained, for example, by overmolding on the layers of flexible insulating material forming the body of the heating element.
  • temperature sensors such as in particular thermocouples or thermistors, ie between two loops of the heating track, in order to control the temperature at the heart of the element, either bonded to an exterior surface to control the skin temperature of the heating element.
  • the flexible heating element of the present invention predestines it for all various applications. This thanks to its chemical inertia, its resistant flexible non-stick protective envelope, and its high calorific capacities, and in particular to: - all heating of liquids, pulverulent or gaseous materials by plating of external surfaces,

Landscapes

  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a flexible heating element and a process for manufacturing the said element. The invention is applicable in particular in the electrical industry, and the element is designed in particular to be applied to any type of surface to be heated, or to be immersed in a liquid. The flexible heating element (1) comprises at least two layers (2, 3) of flexible insulating material arranged and fixed on either side of a third, resistant metallic layer (4). The said layers (2 and 3) of flexible insulating material advantageously consist of a complex which possesses high tensile strength, high heating strength, high resistance to perforation, and high temperature resistance, which does not absorb moisture, and whose outer surface has been rendered non-adherent.

Description

Titre : Elément chauffant souple et son procédé de fabrication. Title: Flexible heating element and its manufacturing process.
L'invention est relative à un élément chauffant souple ainsi qu'à son procédé de fabrication.The invention relates to a flexible heating element and to its manufacturing process.
L'invention trouvera son application dans le domaine de la construction électrique et trouvera son utilisation dans de nombreux domaines différents.The invention will find its application in the field of electrical construction and will find its use in many different fields.
En effet, dans de nombreux cas, il est nécessaire de disposer d'éléments chauffants souples qui puissent s'adapter à la configuration de dispositifs ou appareillages à réchauffer et qui puissent résister par ailleurs à différentes agressions extérieures mécaniques et/ou chimiques.In fact, in many cases, it is necessary to have flexible heating elements which can adapt to the configuration of devices or apparatus to be heated and which can also resist various external mechanical and / or chemical attacks.
Parmi les nombreux exemples d'utilisation, on peut citer notamment le chauffage de parois externes de canalisations, le réchauffement de liquides dans des fûts, la réalisation de plaques chauffantes planes tous usages, la réalisation de dispositifs de dégivrage de dispositifs ou appareillages, divers tels que par exemple dégivrage de glaces ou miroirs, d'appareils électriques, de radars, d'ailes d'avions, de pales d'hélicoptères, etc....Among the numerous examples of use, mention may be made in particular of heating the external walls of pipelines, the heating of liquids in drums, the production of all-purpose flat heating plates, the production of de-icing devices for devices or apparatus, various such for example defrosting windows or mirrors, electrical appliances, radars, airplane wings, helicopter blades, etc.
Par ailleurs, dans un autre domaine d'application, à Ravoir la réparation de matériaux composites divers, il est également nécessaire de chauffer la surface à réparer, réparation qui s'effectue généralement avec de la résine polymérisable.Furthermore, in another field of application, in the repair of various composite materials, it is also necessary to heat the surface to be repaired, repair which is generally carried out with polymerizable resin.
Enfin, des applications de tels éléments chauffants peuvent se rencontrer dans les cas particuliers de réchauffement de liquides ou de matières pulvérulentes ou gazeuses, ces dernières pouvant être particulièrement abrasives, ou corrosives.Finally, applications of such heating elements may be encountered in the particular cases of heating of liquids or of pulverulent or gaseous materials, the latter possibly being particularly abrasive or corrosive.
Pour répondre à ces différents besoins, de longue date, on a utilisé des éléments chauffants rigides traditionnels ou encore dans certains cas un chauffage à air puisé. Depuis peu, et avec l'évolution technologique, on a vu apparaitre également. des éléments chauffants souples qui présentent certains avantages par rapport aux dispositifs traditionnels.To meet these various needs, traditional rigid heating elements have been used for a long time, or in some cases forced air heating. Recently, and with technological developments, we have also seen them appear. flexible heating elements which have certain advantages over traditional devices.
En effet, ces éléments permettent de répartir plus uniformément la température sur la surface à chauffer. De plus, ils présentent une souplesse relative qui leur permet de s'adapter à un grand nombre de surfaces courbes.Indeed, these elements make it possible to distribute the temperature more evenly over the surface to be heated. In addition, they have a relative flexibility which allows them to adapt to a large number of curved surfaces.
A cet égard, il est connu des éléments chauffants souples constitués de deux films électriquement isolants de type polyester, polyimide, tissu siliconé, ou autres feuilles collables ou polymérisables, entre lesquelles est disposée une couche métallique résistante formée d'un fil, ruban ou feuillard métallique gravé résistif.In this regard, flexible heating elements are known which consist of two electrically insulating films of polyester, polyimide, silicone fabric, or other sticky sheets or polymerizable, between which is placed a resistant metallic layer formed by a resistive engraved metal wire, ribbon or strip.
Ces éléments chauffants présentant certains avantages sur le plan de leur "moulabilitè" vis-à-vis de l ' élément à chauffer, présentent de nombreux inconvénients sur le plan mécanique et chimique du fait de leur constitution.These heating elements having certain advantages in terms of their "moldability" vis-à-vis the element to be heated, have many drawbacks in mechanical and chemical terms due to their constitution.
Tout d'abord, sur le plan mécanique, la fragilité vient des films isolants utilisés tels que rappelés ci-dessus, qui présentent d'une part une souplesse relative pour certains et d'autre part une mauvaise résistance à l'abrasion, à la traction, à la déchirure, et à la perforation. Ceci rend les éléments chauffants très vulnérables et nécessite des remplacements fréquents.First of all, on the mechanical level, the brittleness comes from the insulating films used as recalled above, which on the one hand have a relative flexibility for some and on the other hand poor resistance to abrasion, to pull, tear, and puncture. This makes the heating elements very vulnerable and requires frequent replacement.
Par ailleurs, la puissance de chauffage doit être limitée à des températures assez faibles en utilisation continue, notamment de 70 à 200 ºC, ce qui limite l'efficacité de ces éléments chauffants.Furthermore, the heating power must be limited to fairly low temperatures in continuous use, in particular from 70 to 200 ºC, which limits the efficiency of these heating elements.
Sur le plan de la résistance chimique des éléments connus, il est à noter que les différents matériaux utilisés sont sensibles d'une part à l'humidité et d'autre part à l'agression corrosive de certains produits tels que les hydrocarbures, les acides ou autres.In terms of chemical resistance of known elements, it should be noted that the different materials used are sensitive on the one hand to humidity and on the other hand to the corrosive aggression of certain products such as hydrocarbons, acids or others.
En ce qui concerne les agents chimiques proprement dits, les éléments chauffants souples existants ne peuvent être que très rarement utilisés immergés dans le dit liquide corrosif.As far as the chemical agents themselves are concerned, the existing flexible heating elements can only very rarely be used immersed in the said corrosive liquid.
Par ailleurs, en ce qui concerne l'absorption d'humidité, on constate couramment la formation de cloques, ce qui réduit l'efficacité de l'élément chauffant et peut nécessiter à la limite son changement. En effet, certains films tels que par exemple le polyimide de par leur taux de reprise d'humidité, entrainent un cloquage à la mise en service de résistance de puissance surfacique importante.Furthermore, with regard to the absorption of moisture, the formation of blisters is commonly observed, which reduces the efficiency of the heating element and may require, in the limit, its change. In fact, certain films such as, for example, polyimide, by their rate of moisture uptake, cause blistering when the resistance of large pfd is put into service.
En outre, dans certains cas d'utilisation, on constate que les éléments souples chauffants sont sujets à l'entartrage, ce qui à la longue leur fait perdre leur aptitude et est préjudiciable à leur tenue en température.In addition, in certain cases of use, it is found that the flexible heating elements are subject to scaling, which in the long term makes them lose their ability and is detrimental to their temperature resistance.
Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un élément chauffant souple ainsi que son procédé de fabrication qui permettent de pallier les différents inconvénients précités des éléments connus afin d'augmenter leur fiabilité et de les rendre utilisables dans les cas où jusqu'à présent, ils ne pouvaient pas l'être.The object of the present invention is to provide a flexible heating element as well as its manufacturing process which make it possible to overcome the various aforementioned drawbacks of the known elements in order to increase their reliability and make them usable in case so far they could not be.
Un des buts de la présente invention est de proposer un élément - chauffant souple qui, de par sa conception, présente une haute résistance mécanique et permette d'éviter tout phénomène de cloquage grâce à une absorption en humidité proche du zéro.One of the aims of the present invention is to provide a flexible heating element which, by design, has high mechanical strength and makes it possible to avoid any blistering phenomenon thanks to a moisture absorption close to zero.
Un autre but de la présente invention est de présenter un élément chauffant souple qui permette d'éviter tout phénomène d'entartrage, ce qui autorisera une longévité plus importante de l'élément et un meilleur rendement. Un autre but de la présente invention est de présenter un élément chauffant souple qui soit apte à supporter des températures d'utilisation en continu supérieures à 200 ºC, ce qui permettra d'avoir une efficacité accrue du système de chauffage dans de nombreux cas d'utilisation. Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un élément chauffant souple ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication original qui permettent d'obtenir un produit étanche, non absorbant d'humidité et résistant à la corrosion autorisant ainsi l'immersion directe de l'élément chauffant souple dans la plupart des liquides, agressifs ou non.Another object of the present invention is to present a flexible heating element which makes it possible to avoid any scaling phenomenon, which will allow a longer longevity of the element and a better yield. Another object of the present invention is to present a flexible heating element which is capable of withstanding continuous operating temperatures above 200 ºC, which will make it possible to have increased efficiency of the heating system in many cases of use. Another object of the present invention is to provide a flexible heating element as well as an original manufacturing method which make it possible to obtain a waterproof product, non-absorbent of moisture and resistant to corrosion, thus allowing direct immersion of the flexible heating element in most liquids, aggressive or not.
D'autres buts et avantages, de la présente invention apparaitront au cours de la description qui va suivre qui n'est cependant donnée qu'à titre indicatif et qui n'a pas pour but de la limiter. Selon la présente invention, l'élément chauffant souple, notamment destiné à être plaqué sur toute surface quelconque à chauffer ou immergé dans un liquide, constitué d'au moins deux couches de matériau souple isolant disposées et solidarisées de part et d'autre d'une troisième couche métallique résistante, est caractérisée par le fait que les dites couches de matériau souple isolant sont constituées par un complexe à haute résistance mécanique à la traction, à la déchirure, et à la perforation, et non absorbant de l'humidité.Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear during the description which follows which is however given only for information and which is not intended to limit it. According to the present invention, the flexible heating element, in particular intended to be plated on any surface to be heated or immersed in a liquid, consisting of at least two layers of flexible insulating material arranged and secured on either side of a third resistant metallic layer, is characterized in that the said layers of flexible insulating material consist of a complex with high mechanical resistance to traction, tearing, and puncturing, and not absorbing moisture.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques de la présente invention, le dit complexe constituant les dites couches de matériau souple isolant présente une haute tenue en température et/ou une surface rendue anti-adhérente.According to other characteristics of the present invention, the said complex constituting the said layers of flexible insulating material has a high temperature resistance and / or a surface made non-stick.
Le procédé de fabrication de l'élément chauffant souple selon la présente invention est caractérisé par le fait que : on solidarise, sur le dit complexe formant une des dites couches de matériau souple isolant, un feuillard métallique résistif, - on grave le dit feuillard par un procédé chimique approprié pour obtenir un élément résistant, on solidarise, sur la face à nu du dit feuillard gravé, le dit complexe formant la seconde dite couche de matériau souple isolant.The manufacturing process of the flexible heating element according to the present invention is characterized in that: a resistive metallic strip is joined to the said complex forming one of the said layers of flexible insulating material, - the said strip is etched by a suitable chemical process to obtain a resistant element, is joined, on the bare face of said etched strip, said complex forming the second said layer of flexible insulating material.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description suivante accompagnée des dessins en annexe qui en font partie intégrante.The invention will be better understood on reading the following description accompanied by the accompanying drawings which form an integral part thereof.
La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'un élément chauffant souple réalisé selon la présente invention.FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a flexible heating element produced according to the present invention.
La figure 2 illustre une vue en coupe des différentes couches formant l'élément chauffant souple de la présente invention. L'invention vise un élément chauffant souple ainsi que son procédé de fabrication.Figure 2 illustrates a sectional view of the various layers forming the flexible heating element of the present invention. The invention relates to a flexible heating element and its manufacturing process.
Comme le montre la figure 1, qui ne représente qu'un exemple de réalisation non limitatif, l'élément chauffant souple 1 se présente sous la forme d'un élément plat mince constitué d'au moins deux couches 2 et 3 de matériau souple isolant disposées et solidarisées de part et d'autre d'une troisième couche 4 métallique résistante.As shown in FIG. 1, which only represents a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment, the flexible heating element 1 is in the form of a thin flat element consisting of at least two layers 2 and 3 of flexible insulating material arranged and secured on either side of a third resistant metallic layer 4.
La superposition de ces couches est notamment illustrée à la figure 2 qui montre, selon une vue grossissante pour la compréhension, la coupe de l'élément chauffant.The superposition of these layers is illustrated in particular in Figure 2 which shows, in a magnifying view for understanding, the section of the heating element.
Selon la présente invention, afin que l'élément chauffant souple présente une excellente tenue aux sollicitations mécaniques et évite tout phénomène de cloquage, les dites couches 2 et 3 de matériau souple isolant sont constituées par un complexe à haute résistance mécanique à la traction, à la déchirure, aux perforations, et non absorbant de l'humidité.According to the present invention, so that the flexible heating element has excellent resistance to mechanical stresses and avoids any blistering phenomenon, said layers 2 and 3 of flexible insulating material are constituted by a complex with high mechanical tensile strength, tearing, puncturing, and not absorbing moisture.
La souplesse du dit complexe sera telle qu'elle autorise un rayon de courbure de l'élément chauffant très faible, de l'ordre par exemple de 1 mm. De plus, la structure sera telle que le plissage de l'élément chauffant sera limité voire même impossible.The flexibility of said complex will be such that it allows a very small radius of curvature of the heating element, for example of the order of 1 mm. In addition, the structure will be such that the pleating of the heating element will be limited or even impossible.
La souplesse obtenue par l'élément chauffant de la présente invention permet notamment d'améliorer le contact et de ce fait le transfert thermique entre l'élément chauffant et la pièce à chauffer même dans le cas de formes quelconques et complexes.The flexibility obtained by the heating element of the present invention makes it possible in particular to improve the contact and therefore the heat transfer between the heating element and the part to be heated even in the case of any and complex shapes.
En outre, l'élément chauffant souple de la présente invention présentera au moins une surface externe 10, 11 rendue anti-adhérente afin d'éviter tout accrochage de matières quelconques sur sa périphérie et ainsi éviter tout entartrage de sa surface de chauffe préjudiciable à sa tenue en température et à son efficacité.In addition, the flexible heating element of the present invention will have at least one external surface 10, 11 made non-stick in order to avoid any sticking of any material on its periphery and thus avoid any scaling of its heating surface prejudicial to its temperature resistance and efficiency.
A cet égard, selon la présente invention, cette anti-adhérence sera autorisée par l'utilisation d'un complexe, formant les dites couches 2 et 3, rendu anti-adhérent.In this regard, according to the present invention, this anti-adhesion will be authorized by the use of a complex, forming the said layers 2 and 3, made non-stick.
Par ailleurs, afin de présenter un bon rendement et efficacité thermique, le complexe formant les dites couches 2 et 3 de l'élément chauffant 1 présentera une haute tenue en température ce qui autorisera notamment son emploi à des températures supérieures à 200ºC en usage continu pouvant aller jusque 260ºC.Furthermore, in order to have good thermal efficiency and effectiveness, the complex forming said layers 2 and 3 of the heating element 1 will have a high temperature resistance, which will in particular allow its use at temperatures above 200 ° C. in continuous use which can go up to 260ºC.
Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, le dit complexe formant les couches 2 et 3 de matériau souple isolant est substantiellement formé par un tissu de verre, ce qui confère à l'élément chauffant une bonne souplesse, une haute résistance mécanique et tenue aux sollicitations telles que tractions, cisaillements, flexions, déchirures, perforations, plissages.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the said complex forming the layers 2 and 3 of flexible insulating material is substantially formed by a glass cloth, which gives the heating element good flexibility, high mechanical strength and held to stresses such as pulling, shearing, bending, tearing, perforation, pleating.
De plus, ce tissu de verre reçoit un traitement de façon à le rendre anti-adhérent. Ceci est notamment réalisé par enduction ou imprégnation de silicone et préférentiellement de matières à base de polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE).In addition, this glass fabric receives a treatment so as to make it non-stick. This is achieved in particular by coating or impregnating silicone and preferably materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
A cet égard, on a noté de bons résultats en utilisant un tissu de verre imprégné de polytétrafluoréthylène ou encore en utilisant un tissu de verre revêtu de résine fluorocarbone PTFE.In this regard, good results have been noted using a glass fabric impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene or even using a glass fabric coated with fluorocarbon resin PTFE.
Ainsi, un tel tissu de verre rendu anti-adhérent dispose de bonnes propriétés de stabilité dimensionnelle, et présente une grande résilience, une grande résistance à l'abrasion, une grande résistance aux cisaillements, et à la déformation. De plus, les surfaces présentent d'excellentes propriétés d'anti-friction et d'anti-adhérence et de non absorption d'humidité. En ce qui concerne les propriétés thermiques, on obtient une gamme de températures d'utilisation allant de -70ºC à +260ºC.Thus, such a glass fabric rendered non-stick has good dimensional stability properties, and has a high resilience, a high resistance to abrasion, a high resistance to shearing, and to deformation. In addition, the surfaces have excellent anti-friction and anti-adhesion and non-moisture absorption properties. Regarding the thermal properties, a range of operating temperatures is obtained from -70ºC to + 260ºC.
Pour ce qui est des propriétés chimiques, on note une résistance importante aux acides, hydrocarbures, humidité et en général à tous les produits chimiques. La résistance à l'humidité et l'anti-adhérence évitent les phénomènes de cloquage et de moisissure.In terms of chemical properties, there is significant resistance to acids, hydrocarbons, moisture and general to all chemicals. Moisture resistance and non-sticking prevent blistering and mold.
En ce qui concerne les propriétés électriques, il est à remarquer que le complexe obtenu présente une résistance diélectrique très importante, ce qui évite les phénomènes de perte et de claquage.With regard to the electrical properties, it should be noted that the complex obtained has a very high dielectric strength, which avoids the phenomena of loss and breakdown.
De plus, il est à noter sa neutralité" vis-à-vis des hyperfréquences, ce qui ne perturbe pas le fonctionnement de certains appareils électriques réchauffés par le dit élément chauffant souple.In addition, it should be noted that it is neutral "with respect to microwave frequencies, which does not disturb the operation of certain electrical devices heated by said flexible heating element.
Ceci autorise son utilisation pour le dégivrage des radars par exemple.This authorizes its use for defrosting radars for example.
De bons résultats ont été obtenus en utilisant un tissu de verre imprégné de PTFE dont l'épaisseur est de l'ordre de 0.07 mm à 0,5 mm.Good results have been obtained using a glass cloth impregnated with PTFE whose thickness is of the order of 0.07 mm to 0.5 mm.
Ainsi, on forme une enveloppe en tissu de verre enduite de PTFE très mince, ce qui permet de limiter le gradient thermique entre l'élément résistif et la surface émettrice, et très souple, ce qui permet d'épouser aisément des pièces complexes et autorise une parfaite homogénéité de chagffe.Thus, a glass fabric envelope coated with very thin PTFE is formed, which makes it possible to limit the thermal gradient between the resistive element and the emitting surface, and very flexible, which makes it possible to easily marry complex parts and allows perfect homogeneity of chagffe.
En ce qui concerne la couche métallique résistante, on a obtenu de bons résultats en utilisant un feuillard gravé d'alliage métallique résisti'f tel que par exemple inconel ou constantan ou autre alliage cuivre nickel.With regard to the resistant metallic layer, good results have been obtained by using a strip engraved with a resisti'f metallic alloy such as, for example, inconel or constantan or other copper nickel alloy.
Selon la résistivité des matériaux, la surface de l'élément chauffant et la puissance désirée, on utilise un feuillard dont l'épaisseur varie entre 5 et 25 μ.Depending on the resistivity of the materials, the surface of the heating element and the desired power, a strip whose thickness varies between 5 and 25 μ is used.
Par ailleurs, afin de solidariser les différentes couches 2, 3, 4 entre elles, les dites couches 2 et 3 de matériau souple isolant sont collées de part et d'autre de la dite troisième couche 4 métallique résistante par l'intermédiaire d'une couche d'adhésif présentant une haute tenue en température et un pouvoir diélectrique élevé. On a noté de bons résultats en utilisant un adhésif silicone qui, grâce à ses propriétés, confère à la résistance d'excellentes propriétés diélectriques et permet de réaliser un ensemble étanche et par suite immersible. La présente invention propose également un procédé de fabrication du dit élément chauffant souple tel qu'il vient d'être décrit.Furthermore, in order to secure the different layers 2, 3, 4 together, said layers 2 and 3 of flexible insulating material are bonded on either side of said third resistant metallic layer 4 by means of a adhesive layer having high temperature resistance and high dielectric power. Good results have been noted using a silicone adhesive which, by virtue of its properties, gives the resistance excellent dielectric properties and makes it possible to produce a tight and consequently immersible assembly. The present invention also provides a method of manufacturing said flexible heating element as just described.
A cet égard, on solidarise sur le dit complexe 2 ou 3 formant une des dites couches de matériel souple isolant, un feuillard métallique 4 résistif, puis on grave le dit feuillard 4 par un procédé chimique approprié pour obtenir un élément résistant, et enfin on solidarise sur la face du dit feuillard 4 gravé le dit complexe 3 ou 2 formant la seconde dite couche de matériau isolant souple.In this regard, we join together on said complex 2 or 3 forming one of the said layers of flexible insulating material, a resistive metal strip 4, then the said strip 4 is etched by an appropriate chemical process to obtain a resistant element, and finally it is joined to the face of the said strip 4 engraved with the said complex 3 or 2 forming the second said layer of flexible insulating material.
Plus précisément, dans le cas précité où les dites couches de matériau souple 2 ou 3 sont constituées par un tissu de verre traité à base de PTFE, et où les différentes couches 2 à 4 sont solidarisées par l'intermédiaire d'un adhésif, on réalise l'élément chauffant de la présente invention selon les éta pes suivantes :More specifically, in the aforementioned case where said layers of flexible material 2 or 3 are constituted by a glass fabric treated with PTFE, and where the various layers 2 to 4 are joined together by means of an adhesive, realizes the heating element of the present invention according to the following steps:
- on enduit l'une des deux faces 5, préalablement traitée, du premier complexe 2 de tissu de verre/PTFE, d'une couche d ' ad hésif 6, - on applique sur cette dite face 5 enduite du tissu de verre/PTFE 2, un feuillard métallique résistif 4,- one of the two faces 5, previously treated, is coated with the first complex 2 of glass fabric / PTFE, with a layer of reflective ad 6, - this face 5 coated with glass fabric / PTFE is applied to this so-called face 2, a resistive metal strip 4,
- on grave le feuillard métallique 4 ainsi solidarisé sur le tissu de verre/PTFE 2 et 6,- the metal strip 4 thus joined is etched onto the glass fabric / PTFE 2 and 6,
- on enduit l'une des faces 7, préalablement traitée, du deuxième complexe 3 du tissu de verre/PTFE, d'une couche d'adhésif 8,one of the faces 7, previously treated, is coated with the second complex 3 of the glass fabric / PTFE, with a layer of adhesive 8,
- on applique sur la face à nu 9 du complexe ainsi gravé 2, 6, 4, la dite face 7 enduite du deuxième complexe 3 pour former le dit élément chauffant 1.- Said face 7 coated with the second complex 3 is applied to the exposed face 9 of the complex thus etched 2, 6, 4 to form said heating element 1.
En ce qui concerne la gravure du feuillard, on utilise des techniques connues de l'Homme de l'Art identiques à celles pratiquées dans le domaine des circuits imprimés par exemple.As regards the engraving of the strip, techniques known to those skilled in the art are used which are identical to those practiced in the field of printed circuits for example.
A cet égard, par exemple, sur le feuillard métallique, on dépose un film photo-sensible que l'on insole en tenant compte du tracé de la résistance et l'on révèle. On grave ensuite l'alliage pour obtenir la résistance.In this regard, for example, on the metal strip, a photo-sensitive film is deposited which is exposed taking into account the course of the resistance and is revealed. The alloy is then etched to obtain resistance.
Par ailleurs, il est à remarquer que, préalablement au dépôt de la couche d'adhésif 6 ou 8, les faces 5 et 7 du complexe respectif 2 et 3 sont traitées pour les rendre collables par exemple par un traitement chimique pour dénaturaliser la surface.Furthermore, it should be noted that, prior to the deposition of the adhesive layer 6 or 8, the faces 5 and 7 of the respective complex 2 and 3 are treated to make them stickable, for example by chemical treatment to denaturalize the surface.
Pour permettre le branchement de l'élément chauffant souple, il comportera avantageaient des connexions isolées et étanches obtenues, par exemple, par un surmoulage sur les couches de matériau souple isolantes formant le corps de l'élément chauffant. Par ailleurs, il pourrait être envisagé également d ' intégrer au niveau de l'élément chauffant des capteurs de températures tels que notamment des thermo-couples ou thermistances, soit entre deux boucles de la piste chauffante, afin de contrôler la température au coeur de l'élément, soit collés sur une surface extérieure afin de contrôler la température de peau de l'élément chauffant.To allow connection of the flexible heating element, it will advantageously have insulated and sealed connections obtained, for example, by overmolding on the layers of flexible insulating material forming the body of the heating element. Furthermore, it could also be envisaged to integrate at the level of the heating element temperature sensors such as in particular thermocouples or thermistors, ie between two loops of the heating track, in order to control the temperature at the heart of the element, either bonded to an exterior surface to control the skin temperature of the heating element.
En outre. afin de faciliter la fixation de l'élément chauffant souple sur le support à chauffer, on pourra également prévoir sur une des faces externes 10 ou 11 de l'élément chauffant 1 une couche d'adhésif afin de la rendre auto-collante pour optimiser l'échange thermique et améliorer la mise en place et son maintien en position. L'accrochage pourra être réalisé par d'autres moyens tels que agrafage rivetage. La conception de l'élément chauffant souple de la présente invention le prédestine à toutes applications diverses. ce grâce à son inertie chimique, son enveloppe de protection anti-adhérente souple résistante, et ses capacités calorifiques élevées, et notamment à : - tous chauffages de liquides, matières pulvérulentes ou gazeuses par plaquage de surfaces extérieures,In addition. in order to facilitate the fixing of the flexible heating element to the support to be heated, it is also possible to provide on one of the external faces 10 or 11 of the heating element 1 with a layer of adhesive in order to make it self-adhesive to optimize the 'heat exchange and improve the positioning and its maintenance in position. The attachment can be achieved by other means such as stapling riveting. The design of the flexible heating element of the present invention predestines it for all various applications. this thanks to its chemical inertia, its resistant flexible non-stick protective envelope, and its high calorific capacities, and in particular to: - all heating of liquids, pulverulent or gaseous materials by plating of external surfaces,
- tous chauffages de solides par plaquages extérieurs, ou par montages de type sandwich entre des plaques rigides,- all solids heating by external cladding, or by sandwich type assemblies between rigid plates,
- tous chauffages de liquides corrosifs ou entartrants par immersion directe,- all heating of corrosive or scaling liquids by direct immersion,
- tous chauffages infra-rouges basses températures,- all low temperature infrared heaters,
- tous chauffages ou dégrivrages en général. - all heating or defrosting in general.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Elément chauffant souple (1), notamment destiné à être placé sur toute surface quelconque à chauffer ou immergé dans un liquide, constitué d'au moins deux couches (2, 3) de'matériau souple isolant disposées et solidarisées de part et d'autre d'une troisième couche (4) métallique résistante, caractérisé par le fait que les dites couches (2, 3) de matériau souple isolant sont constituées par un complexe à haute résistance mécanique à la traction, à la déchirure, à la perforation, et non absorbant de l'humidité.1. Flexible heating element (1), in particular intended to be placed on any surface to be heated or immersed in a liquid, consisting of at least two layers (2, 3) of flexible insulating material arranged and joined on either side 'another of a third resistant metallic layer (4), characterized in that the said layers (2, 3) of flexible insulating material consist of a complex with high mechanical resistance to traction, tearing, puncturing , and not absorbing moisture.
2. Elément chauffant souple selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le dit complexe formant les couches de matériau souple isolant présente au moins une surface externe 10, 11 rendue anti-adhérente.2. Flexible heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the said complex forming the layers of flexible insulating material has at least one external surface 10, 11 made non-stick.
3. Elément chauffant souple selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le dit complexe formant les couches de matériau souple isolant présente une haute tenue en température.3. Flexible heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that said complex forming the layers of flexible insulating material has a high temperature resistance.
4. Elément chauffant souple selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le dit complexe formant les couches (2, 3) de matériau souple isolant est substantiellement formé par un tissu de verre revêtu et/ou imprégné à base de polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE).4. Flexible heating element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said complex forming the layers (2, 3) of flexible insulating material is substantially formed by a glass fabric coated and / or impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
5. Elément chauffant souple selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les dites couches (2 et 3) de matériau souple isolant sont collées de part et d'autre de la dite troisième couche (4) métallique résistante par l'intermédiaire d'une couche d'adhésif (6, 8) présentant une haute tenue en température et un pouvoir diélectrique élevé.5. flexible heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that said layers (2 and 3) of flexible insulating material are bonded on either side of said third layer (4) resistant metal through d 'an adhesive layer (6, 8) having a high temperature resistance and a high dielectric power.
6. Elément chauffant souple selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la couche métallique résistante (4) est formée d'un feuillard gravé d'alliage métallique résistif tel que inconel ou constantan ou autre alliage.6. Flexible heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistant metallic layer (4) is formed of a strip engraved with resistive metallic alloy such as inconel or constantan or other alloy.
7. Elément chauffant souple selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des connexions isolées étanches.7. Flexible heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises sealed insulated connections.
8. Elément chauffant souple selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des capteurs de température disposés sur et/ou dans l'élément chauffant pour en contrôler la température. 8. Flexible heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises temperature sensors disposed on and / or in the heating element to control the temperature.
9. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément chauffant souple selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que : on solidarise sur le dit complexe formant une des dites couches de matériau souple isolant (2 ou 3) un feuillard métallique résistif (4). on grave le dit feuillard (4) par un procédé chimique approprié pour obtenir un élément résistant,9. A method of manufacturing a flexible heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that: it is secured to said complex forming one of said layers of flexible insulating material (2 or 3) a resistive metal strip (4). the said strip (4) is etched by an appropriate chemical process to obtain a resistant element,
- on solidarise sur la face à nu du dit feuillard (4) le dit complexe formant la seconde dite couche de matériau isolant souple (3 ou 2).- It is secured on the bare face of said strip (4) said complex forming the second said layer of flexible insulating material (3 or 2).
10. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 9, les dites couches de matériau souple (2 ou 3) étant constituées par un tissu de verre traité au PTFE, les différentes couches (2, 3, 4) étant solidarisées par l'intermédiaire d'un adhésif (6, 8), caractérisé par le fait que :10. The manufacturing method according to claim 9, said layers of flexible material (2 or 3) being constituted by a glass fabric treated with PTFE, the different layers (2, 3, 4) being secured by means of an adhesive (6, 8), characterized in that:
- on enduit l'une (5) des faces, préalablement traitée, du premier complexe de tissu de verre/PTFE, d'une couche d'adhésif (6), on applique, sur cette dite face (5) enduite du tissu de verre/PTFE (2), un feuillard métallique résistif (4). - on grave le feuillard métallique ainsi solidarisé sur le tissu de verre/PTFE (2) et (6), on enduit l'une des faces (7), préalablement traitée, du deuxième complexe (3) de tissu de verre/PTFE, d'une couche d'adhésif- One (5) of the faces, previously treated, is coated with the first complex of glass fabric / PTFE, with a layer of adhesive (6), is applied to this so-called face (5) coated with the fabric of glass / PTFE (2), a resistive metal strip (4). - the metal strip thus joined is etched onto the glass fabric / PTFE (2) and (6), one of the faces (7), previously treated, is coated with the second complex (3) of glass fabric / PTFE, a layer of adhesive
(8), - on applique sur la face à nu (9) du complexe ainsi gravé(8), - applying to the bare face (9) of the complex thus etched
(2, 6, 4) la dite face enduite (7) du deuxième complexe (3) pourformer le dit élément chauffant. (2, 6, 4) the said coated face (7) of the second complex (3) to form the said heating element.
PCT/FR1988/000274 1987-06-01 1988-06-01 Flexible heating element and process for manufacturing same WO1988010058A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8707643A FR2616002B1 (en) 1987-06-01 1987-06-01 FLEXIBLE HEATING ELECTRIC HEATER UNDER POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE IMPREGNATED GLASS FABRIC
FR87/07643 1987-06-01
FR87440061.7(EP) 1987-10-01
EP19870440061 EP0295351B1 (en) 1987-06-01 1987-10-01 Flexible heating element and its method of manufacture

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GB2383197B (en) * 2001-12-14 2005-09-07 Nel Technologies Ltd Flexible electric circuit
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US8291612B2 (en) 2003-06-02 2012-10-23 Nel Technologies Limited Heater element for the inner sole of a footwear
US7767939B2 (en) 2003-06-02 2010-08-03 Nel Technologies Limited Functional heater for formed components
US7767936B2 (en) 2003-06-02 2010-08-03 Nel Technologies Limited Functional therapeutic heater
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US8546733B2 (en) 2003-06-02 2013-10-01 Nel Technologies Limited Method of manufacturing a shaped component
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EP2156025B1 (en) 2007-05-16 2020-03-18 Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation and Research Urea tank and base plate with an integrated heating element
CN102510588A (en) * 2011-12-15 2012-06-20 马占英 Electric heating film
CN104105232A (en) * 2013-04-09 2014-10-15 王俊人 Carbon nanofiber heating cloth
CN105208692A (en) * 2015-10-10 2015-12-30 苏州聚宜工坊信息科技有限公司 Flexible heating film assembly and preparing method thereof
US20210289588A1 (en) * 2016-07-08 2021-09-16 Zobele Holding, S.P.A. Volatile substance evaporation device
EP4228376A1 (en) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-16 Nimesis Technology Method for manufacturing an assembly comprising a body and a device for thermal regulation of said body and assembly obtained
WO2023156253A1 (en) 2022-02-15 2023-08-24 Nimesis Technology Method for manufacturing an assembly comprising a body and a device for thermally regulating the body, and assembly obtained thereby

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