WO1988008066A1 - Dispositif d'ancrage - Google Patents

Dispositif d'ancrage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1988008066A1
WO1988008066A1 PCT/SE1988/000185 SE8800185W WO8808066A1 WO 1988008066 A1 WO1988008066 A1 WO 1988008066A1 SE 8800185 W SE8800185 W SE 8800185W WO 8808066 A1 WO8808066 A1 WO 8808066A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
rod
members
ground
sleeve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1988/000185
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sven-Göran LARSSON
Original Assignee
Larsson Sven Goeran
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Larsson Sven Goeran filed Critical Larsson Sven Goeran
Priority to AT88903458T priority Critical patent/ATE212406T1/de
Priority to DE3856513T priority patent/DE3856513D1/de
Priority to EP88903458A priority patent/EP0418226B1/fr
Publication of WO1988008066A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988008066A1/fr
Priority to NO885417A priority patent/NO165648C/no
Priority to DK684188A priority patent/DK164184C/da
Priority to DK684188D priority patent/DK684188D0/da
Priority to FI885750A priority patent/FI885750A/fi

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2207—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used
    • E04H12/2215—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground
    • E04H12/223—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground with movable anchoring elements; with separately driven anchor rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
    • E01F9/658—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by means for fixing
    • E01F9/673—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by means for fixing for holding sign posts or the like
    • E01F9/685—Subsoil means, e.g. foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/805—Ground anchors with deformable anchoring members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
    • E04H17/02—Wire fencing, e.g. made of wire mesh
    • E04H17/06—Parts for wire fences
    • E04H17/08—Anchoring means therefor, e.g. specially-shaped parts entering the ground; Struts or the like

Definitions

  • This invention is related to a device for anchoring in the ground.
  • a device for anchoring in the ground may e.g. serve as or for carrying and supporting fence stakes.
  • the devices may also serve as anchors, holders, foundations or basis for various devices, such as signs, marking devices etc.
  • a common method for providing stakes or posts on the ground is to dig a pit and then cast a concrete founda ⁇ tion in the pit.
  • the stake proper may be directly located in this concrete foundation so as to make the stake to be secured by casting in the foundation or alternatively members may be secured by casting in the foundation so as to serve for fixation of the stake after curing of the concrete.
  • This procedure requires considerable effort and time. Therefore, one has tried to use various stake constructions which are located in the ground by simply being pressed down therein, either directly into an unprepared ground layer or into holes prebored therein. This has, however, resulted in considerable problems. More specifically, freezing of the soil exerts a lifting action on the stake pressed into the ground and this causes the stake to be pressed upwardly with the time.
  • the object of the present invention is to reduce the disadvantages discussed hereinabove and accordingly to achieve a device giving a very good anchorage against lifting of the stake due to freezing of the soil or other influence.
  • fig 1 is a perspective view of the device according to the invention prior to expansion of its expansible arrangement
  • fig 2 is a perspective view of the device after expansion of the expansible arrangement
  • fig 3 is a view similar to fig 1 but illustrates only a rod contained in the device with accompanying expansible arrangement
  • fig 4 is a perspective view of the device according to fig 3 but in a somewhat different perspective angle and with the expansible arrangement illustrated in expanded state;
  • fig 5 is a view illustrating the device located in the ground prior to expansion of the expansible arrangement
  • fig 6 is a view of the device located in the ground after expansion of the expansible arrangement
  • fig 7 is a cut view illustrating an alternative embodi ⁇ ment during driving into the ground.
  • fig 8 is a view similar to fig 7 but illustrating the device in anchored state.
  • the device according to the invention comprises two parts 1, 2 relatively movable in their axial direction and an arrangement 3 expansible in transverse direction and adapted to be actuated for expansion upon relative movement between the parts for the purpose of anchoring the device in the ground.
  • One of the parts is formed by a rod 1 whereas the other part is formed by a tube 2 surrounding the rod.
  • the expansible arrangement 3 comprises anchoring members 21 associated to rod 1. More specifically, a sleeve 4 is in the example arranged about the rod and this sleeve is provided with cuts 5 extending along a part of sleeve 4. In the embodiment the cuts 5 extend entirely axially along the sleeve and four cuts are uniformly distributed about the sleeve. The cuts extend from one end of the sleeve towards the other. More specifically, the cuts 5 extend from the end 6 of the sleeve adjacent to tube 2, as viewed in the state of the device prior to expansion of sleeve 4.
  • the anchoring members 21 are formed by the tongue-like portions of the sleeve located between cuts 5.
  • sleeve 4 is held relative to rod 1 so that the sleeve obtains support from rod 1 in at least one direction along rod 1 and the axis of the device.
  • This direction is in fig 3 indicated with arrow PI.
  • This support function may be realized in various ways.
  • a stop member 7 which, may be formed by a circular washer or ring and is intended to limit the movement of sleeve 4 along arrow PI.
  • Sleeve 4 is slid on to the rod 1 and may be secured to stop member 7 by means of e.g. welding. Such fixation is suitable but not necessary.
  • Tube 2 is adapted to actuate sleeve 4 with one end 8 thereof so that the sleeve expands in the way illustrated in fig 2. More specifically, tube 2 is adapted to enter into the sleeve with its end 8 so that the anchoring members 21 of the sleeve defined by adjacent cuts 5 are flared outwardly. Members 21 project mostly at sleeve end 6 and then in decreasing degree downwardly as appears from figs 2, 4 and 6.
  • sleeve end 6 may be designed conical on the inner side so that the internal diameter of sleeve 4 at the end 6 increases in the direction towards tube 2.
  • the internal surface of sleeve 4 surrounds rod 1 with some clearance to simplify intro ⁇ duction of tube 2 between the inner surface of sleeve 4 and rod 1.
  • Sleeve 4 may for example have an internal diameter exceeding the external diameter of rod 1 with between 5 and 15 %. In a commercial embodiment of the device for fence purposes, rod 1 may have an external diameter of 20 mm whereas the internal diameter of sleeve 4 is 22 mm.
  • the external diameter of tube 2 is generally the same as the external diameter of sleeve 4 prior to expansion/flaring of the sleeve to facilitate movement of the device into the ground.
  • the internal diameter of tube 2 exceeds preferably the external diameter of rod 1 with between 5 and 15 %.
  • tube 2 is intended to have an internal diameter of 22 mm whereas the external diameter of rod 1, as mentioned above, is 20 mm.
  • Tube 2 should have such clearance relative to rod 1 that it is relatively readily displaceable along the rod but the clearance should not be so considerable that rod 1 may move too much trans ⁇ versally within tube 2 since, as will be described hereinafter, it is intended in this embodiment to secure further elements to rod 1.
  • the end formed by rod 1 and/or stop member 7 and/or sleeve 4 is relatively blunt so that the device stops against the bottom of the hole. If the intention is instead to press or ram the device into the ground without preboring, the end should instead of that which is the case in the embodiment illustrated in the drawings be provided with a sharp lower end.
  • sleeve 4 prior to expansion has a hollow cylindrical form.
  • Tube 2 is provided with members 9 projecting from the mantle of the tube to stabilize the same and accordingly the rod 1 received within the tube by ground engagement.
  • Said member has in the embodiment the character of two vertically orientated wings 10, 11, which preferably form an angle about 90° between themselves.
  • the wings 10 and 11 may form portions of a single sheet piece which is bent about 90° along a bending zone 12 having a radius of curvature generally corresponding to the radius of the external surface of tube 2.
  • the sheet piece is attached to tube 2 e.g. by welding so that the bending zone 12 adjoins to the mantle of tube 2 and is parallel to the axis of tube 2.
  • wings 10, 11 have with preference lower edges 15, 16, which in a vertical position of tube 2 extend obliquely upwardly from tube 2.
  • Wings 10, 11 have further upper edges 13, 14 preferably parallel to planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of tube 2. Wings 10, 11 may each in practice have a generally triangular form. Wings or members 10, 11 may, however, also be given other suitable forms; essential for the stabilizing action aimed at is that the wings or members protrude outwardly from the tube and engage with the surrounding ground so that loads occurring on rod 1 or tube 2 and directed at an angle to their longitudinal directions are transferred to larger ground surfaces than if such wings or members were not provided. Since in this embodiment wings 10, 11 extend at an angle to each other they will function stabilizing in all transverse direc ⁇ tions.
  • Wings or members 10, 11 are arranged at the upper end of tube 2. As will be discussed hereinafter the upper end of tube 2 is intended to be located adjacent to the ground surface when the device is located in the ground.
  • Rod 1 comprises in the embodiment a thread 17 adapted to cooperate with a nut 22 adapted to directly or via an intermediate washer or the like obtain support against the tube at its upper end, whereby rod 1 and tube 2 are forcibly relatively movable by turning nut 22.
  • tube 2 remains generally stationary in its longitudinal direction also without applying any external holding forces on tube 2. It has even turned out in connection with prebored holes that rod 1 and anchoring members 21 primarily move upwardly whereas tube 2 remains stationary.
  • the explana ⁇ tion appears to be that anchoring members 21 by being flared outwardly beginning from their upper ends act as abutments relative to the ground.
  • the device should of course be such that the unit formed by rod 1 and flaring members 21 is in absence of components operating as an obstacle to the desired movement upwardly.
  • nut 22 After having carried out the anchorage operation nut 22 is intended to remain in place so as to prevent movement upwardly of tube 2 relative to rod 1.
  • Arbitrary brackets or the like for further components may for the rest be clamped by means of the nut 22 between itself and the upper end of tube 2.
  • rod 1 may from the start have such large length that it without further accessories may carry out the desired function, such as to serve for carrying or supporting signs, illumination, fittings, fences or other arbitrary devices.
  • auxiliary elements are, however, intended to be attached to rod 1.
  • the thread 17 of rod 1 may be used for this purpose.
  • a sleeve 18 is in the embodiment (fig 6) mountable by being provided with corresponding attachment means in the form of an internal thread.
  • a stake element 19 is subsequently mountable to sleeve 18 e.g. by being pushed on to the same and mutual securing of sleeve 18 and stake element
  • securing members 20 in the form of e.g. screws or pins.
  • a fence or other arbitrary devices may then be attached to stake element 19.
  • the device comprises also here a rod 1 and a tube 2 surrounding the same.
  • a sleeve 4 is attached to the lower end of rod 1 and comprises cuts 5 starting from the upper end of the sleeve. The portions between these cuts 5 form flareable anchoring members 21.
  • Tube 2 is formed by two sections, namely a lower 23 and an upper 24, the upper being attached to the lower and having such a large diameter that it engages about the upper end of the lower section 23.
  • the upper tube section 24 comprises means 25, here in the form of a flange, serving for connection to arbitrary components.
  • wing-like stabilizing members 10, 11 are attached and these are orientated in parallel and are in practice located in one and the same plane. If transverse stabilization also is required perpendicularly to this plane further stabilizing wings could be arranged at an angle to this plane.
  • the lower edges 15, 16 of the wings extend obliquely upwardly in a direction away from the external mantle of tube 2.
  • rod 1 has a considerably smaller diameter than the internal diameter of tube 2.
  • a guide member 26 comprising a hole receiving rod 1 and having a slightly larger diameter than the latter.
  • Members ' 26 may be formed by a washer or the like welded to tube 2.
  • Rod 1 comprises also here a thread 17 intended for engagement with a nut 22 to carry out flaring of members 21.
  • Nut 22 is intended to obtain support against tube 2 via an abutment member 27 suitably having the character of a washer or plate comprising a hole for freely receiving rod 1 and adapted to abut against the upper end of the lower tube section 23 with its external periphery.
  • rod 1 has such a limited length that its upper end is located below the upper end of tube 2.
  • the device When the device according to figs 7 and 8 is located in the ground, one proceeds in the following way: Initially the device is rammed into the ground and this occurs preferably by means of an impact transferring member 28 diagrammatically indicated in fig 7 and adapted to apply impacts on rod 1 by means of a lower central portion 29.
  • the impact exerting member has further an angular cir ⁇ cumferential flange 30 intended to abut against the abutment member 27.
  • Member 28 is accordingly adapted to simultaneously apply impacts on rod 1 and tube 2; the device is, however, such that impact application only on tube 2 cannot occur since that could lead to premature flaring of members 21. As is apparent, the impact member is introduced into tube 2 through its open upper end.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif d'ancrage dans le sol comprenant deux parties (1, 2) relativement mobiles dans une direction axiale, et un agencement expansible transversalement (4) adapté pour être déployé lors d'un mouvement relatif entre les parties et permettant d'ancrer le dispositif dans le sol.
PCT/SE1988/000185 1987-04-13 1988-04-12 Dispositif d'ancrage WO1988008066A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88903458T ATE212406T1 (de) 1987-04-13 1988-04-12 Ankeranordnung
DE3856513T DE3856513D1 (de) 1987-04-13 1988-04-12 Ankeranordnung
EP88903458A EP0418226B1 (fr) 1987-04-13 1988-04-12 Dispositif d'ancrage
NO885417A NO165648C (no) 1987-04-13 1988-12-06 Anordning for forankring i mark.
DK684188A DK164184C (da) 1987-04-13 1988-12-08 Forankringskonstruktion
DK684188D DK684188D0 (da) 1987-04-13 1988-12-08 Forankringskonstruktion
FI885750A FI885750A (fi) 1987-04-13 1988-12-12 Foerankringsanordning.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8701535A SE456833B (sv) 1987-04-13 1987-04-13 Foerankringsanordning foer stolpar
SE8701535-0 1987-04-13
CA000590780A CA1328975C (fr) 1987-04-13 1989-02-10 Dispositif d'arrimage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988008066A1 true WO1988008066A1 (fr) 1988-10-20

Family

ID=25672438

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1988/000185 WO1988008066A1 (fr) 1987-04-13 1988-04-12 Dispositif d'ancrage

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0418226B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE212406T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1328975C (fr)
DE (1) DE3856513D1 (fr)
DK (2) DK164184C (fr)
FI (1) FI885750A (fr)
NO (1) NO165648C (fr)
SE (1) SE456833B (fr)
WO (1) WO1988008066A1 (fr)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990010133A1 (fr) * 1989-03-02 1990-09-07 Per Dammen Bride de serrage pour la fixation d'un element de poteau
FR2681894A1 (fr) * 1991-09-27 1993-04-02 Breuzin Serge Dispositif pour la fixation au sol d'objets tels que sangles ou filets.
FR2684406A1 (fr) * 1991-12-02 1993-06-04 Sud Ouest Voilerie Dispositif d'ancrage d'ossatures supports de structures portees en toile ou similaire.
WO1993016260A1 (fr) * 1992-02-05 1993-08-19 A-Kit Aktiebolag Dispositif d'ancrage
EP0562128A1 (fr) * 1992-02-25 1993-09-29 HTC High-Tech-Center AG Fondation préfabriquée mécanique pour insertion dans le sol et substitution aux méthodes conventionelles d'ancrage dans le sol par des fondations individuelles en béton coulé
WO1996004429A1 (fr) * 1994-08-01 1996-02-15 Marine Environmental Solutions, L.L.C. Systeme d'ancrage au sol
WO2001006077A1 (fr) 1999-07-20 2001-01-25 Antonius Maria Van Heugten Dispositif d'ancrage
GB2428704A (en) * 2005-07-25 2007-02-07 Steve Warburton Ground anchor for plant pots
FR2892433A1 (fr) * 2005-10-26 2007-04-27 Claude Jean Marie Esnault Dispositif de fixation dans un sol de voirie avec son procede de pose
GB2449909A (en) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-10 Purton Sustainable Technologies Ltd Method and apparatus for mounting a pole into the ground
ITMO20120176A1 (it) * 2012-07-09 2014-01-10 Demo Protezioni Antiurto S R L Dispositivo di protezione antiurto.
FR3000981A1 (fr) * 2013-01-14 2014-07-18 Claude Sire Dispositif de delimitation d'une zone, articule et conformable, notamment en amenagement de jardin
DE102021106610B3 (de) 2021-03-18 2022-04-14 Maier Bautechnik Gmbh Kabelhalter-Vorrichtung
US20220145565A1 (en) * 2011-11-15 2022-05-12 Stephen Kelleher Ground mounting assembly

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2507344C (fr) * 2005-05-13 2014-02-18 Ciro Pasini Poteau d'ancrage actionne par charge explosive

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US978505A (en) * 1910-04-23 1910-12-13 William R Stewart Metallic fence-post.
US1214679A (en) * 1915-10-23 1917-02-06 American Steel & Wire Co Anchor for fence-posts.
US3228153A (en) * 1962-07-02 1966-01-11 Harvey Aluminum Inc Explosive actuated anchor
US3855745A (en) * 1973-09-24 1974-12-24 Merit Syst Inc Earth anchor
GB2042019A (en) * 1979-01-27 1980-09-17 Sanders P Ground anchored posts
WO1982000170A1 (fr) * 1980-07-09 1982-01-21 T Eller Cloture

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US978505A (en) * 1910-04-23 1910-12-13 William R Stewart Metallic fence-post.
US1214679A (en) * 1915-10-23 1917-02-06 American Steel & Wire Co Anchor for fence-posts.
US3228153A (en) * 1962-07-02 1966-01-11 Harvey Aluminum Inc Explosive actuated anchor
US3855745A (en) * 1973-09-24 1974-12-24 Merit Syst Inc Earth anchor
GB2042019A (en) * 1979-01-27 1980-09-17 Sanders P Ground anchored posts
WO1982000170A1 (fr) * 1980-07-09 1982-01-21 T Eller Cloture

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990010133A1 (fr) * 1989-03-02 1990-09-07 Per Dammen Bride de serrage pour la fixation d'un element de poteau
FR2681894A1 (fr) * 1991-09-27 1993-04-02 Breuzin Serge Dispositif pour la fixation au sol d'objets tels que sangles ou filets.
FR2684406A1 (fr) * 1991-12-02 1993-06-04 Sud Ouest Voilerie Dispositif d'ancrage d'ossatures supports de structures portees en toile ou similaire.
WO1993016260A1 (fr) * 1992-02-05 1993-08-19 A-Kit Aktiebolag Dispositif d'ancrage
EP0562128A1 (fr) * 1992-02-25 1993-09-29 HTC High-Tech-Center AG Fondation préfabriquée mécanique pour insertion dans le sol et substitution aux méthodes conventionelles d'ancrage dans le sol par des fondations individuelles en béton coulé
WO1996004429A1 (fr) * 1994-08-01 1996-02-15 Marine Environmental Solutions, L.L.C. Systeme d'ancrage au sol
WO2001006077A1 (fr) 1999-07-20 2001-01-25 Antonius Maria Van Heugten Dispositif d'ancrage
GB2428704A (en) * 2005-07-25 2007-02-07 Steve Warburton Ground anchor for plant pots
FR2892433A1 (fr) * 2005-10-26 2007-04-27 Claude Jean Marie Esnault Dispositif de fixation dans un sol de voirie avec son procede de pose
GB2449909A (en) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-10 Purton Sustainable Technologies Ltd Method and apparatus for mounting a pole into the ground
GB2449909B (en) * 2007-06-07 2009-07-08 Purton Sustainable Technologie Method and apparatus for mounting a pole into the ground
US20220145565A1 (en) * 2011-11-15 2022-05-12 Stephen Kelleher Ground mounting assembly
US11814810B2 (en) * 2011-11-15 2023-11-14 Stephen Kelleher Ground mounting assembly
ITMO20120176A1 (it) * 2012-07-09 2014-01-10 Demo Protezioni Antiurto S R L Dispositivo di protezione antiurto.
EP2685002A1 (fr) * 2012-07-09 2014-01-15 Demo Protezioni Antiurto S.r.l. Dispositif de protection antichoc
FR3000981A1 (fr) * 2013-01-14 2014-07-18 Claude Sire Dispositif de delimitation d'une zone, articule et conformable, notamment en amenagement de jardin
DE102021106610B3 (de) 2021-03-18 2022-04-14 Maier Bautechnik Gmbh Kabelhalter-Vorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO165648B (no) 1990-12-03
SE456833B (sv) 1988-11-07
NO165648C (no) 1991-03-13
NO885417D0 (no) 1988-12-06
DK684188A (da) 1988-12-08
CA1328975C (fr) 1994-05-03
DK164184B (da) 1992-05-18
FI885750A0 (fi) 1988-12-12
NO885417L (no) 1988-12-06
FI885750A (fi) 1988-12-12
DK164184C (da) 1992-11-02
SE8701535D0 (sv) 1987-04-13
EP0418226B1 (fr) 2002-01-23
DE3856513D1 (de) 2002-03-14
ATE212406T1 (de) 2002-02-15
DK684188D0 (da) 1988-12-08
EP0418226A1 (fr) 1991-03-27

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