WO1988004153A1 - Information concerned with the body of an individual - Google Patents

Information concerned with the body of an individual Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1988004153A1
WO1988004153A1 PCT/GB1987/000863 GB8700863W WO8804153A1 WO 1988004153 A1 WO1988004153 A1 WO 1988004153A1 GB 8700863 W GB8700863 W GB 8700863W WO 8804153 A1 WO8804153 A1 WO 8804153A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
individual
selected portion
information
hand
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1987/000863
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andrew Green
Original Assignee
Kodak Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kodak Limited filed Critical Kodak Limited
Priority to KR1019880700850A priority Critical patent/KR890700011A/ko
Publication of WO1988004153A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988004153A1/en
Priority to NO883377A priority patent/NO883377L/no
Priority to DK429088A priority patent/DK429088D0/da
Priority to FI892724A priority patent/FI892724A/fi

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/117Identification of persons
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/10Image acquisition
    • G06V10/12Details of acquisition arrangements; Constructional details thereof
    • G06V10/14Optical characteristics of the device performing the acquisition or on the illumination arrangements
    • G06V10/143Sensing or illuminating at different wavelengths
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07CTIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/25Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/14Vascular patterns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to information concerned with the body of an individual. It relates particularly to the identi ication of individuals and more particularly to obtaining information regarding a portion of the body of an individual and comparing that information with predetermined information regarding that portion.
  • GB-A-2156127 describes an arrangement in which the arrangement of subcutaneous blood vessels in an individual is detected by scanning the relevant region of the individual's body and then compared with a predetermined pattern. In GB-A-2156127, a number of methods of locating such blood vessels are disclosed, all of which methods involve physical contact between the sensor and the slcin of the individual in question.
  • GB-A-1593001 describes the identification of individuals through their retinal vasculature patterns. However, this requires the individual to place his eyes in an apparatus for scanning. Although it is suggested that each retinal image is unique to an individual, the necessity of placing one's eyes in a scanning apparatus could be socially unacceptable to many individuals.
  • US-A-4032889 discloses a palm print identification system, but here also a scanning probe is in contact with the individual's palm.
  • apparatus for identifying an individual comprising means for forming an image of a selected portion of the body of the individual, means for extracting information from said image and means for comparing said information with predetermined information.
  • the information extracted from said image by said apparatus preferably, but not exclusively, relates to the pattern of subcutaneous blood vessels.
  • the selected portion is preferably a hand and the subcutaneous blood vessels are veins in said hand.
  • apparatus for measuring a vein pattern of an individual comprising means for forming an image of a selected portion of the body of the individual and means for extracting information from said image.
  • the means for forming an image preferably comprises camera means spaced from said selected portion.
  • the means for extracting information preferably converts information in said image into electrical form.
  • a method of identifying an individual comprising the steps of forming an image of a selected portion of the body of the individual, extracting information from said image and comparing said information with predetermined information.
  • the information extracted from said image by said method preferably, but not exclusively, relates to the pattern of subcutaneous blood vessels.
  • the selected portion used in said method is preferably a hand and the subcutaneous blood vessels are veins in said hand.
  • a method of measuring a vein pattern of an individual comprising the steps of forming an image of a selected portion of the body of the individual and extracting information from said image.
  • said image is formed preferably by camera means spaced from said selected portion.
  • said information extracted from said image is preferably converted into electrical form.
  • the electrical form is preferably digital.
  • infra-red radiation is preferably used for illuminating said selected portion.
  • said selected portion is preferably located in a predetermined position and orientation whilst the image is being formed.
  • a charge—coupled device array is preferably used in forming said image.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of part of apparatus of the present invention showing the back of a hand of an individual in position for an image to be produced;
  • FIGURE 2 shows a typical vein pattern recorded and displayed by the apparatus of the present invention
  • FIGURE 3 shows the variation between a number of vein scans made of the same hand at different times;
  • FIGURE A shows the comparison between scans of hands of different individuals;
  • FIGURE 5 shows the distributions for (A) comparisons of the same individual, and (B) comparison of different individuals, all based on samples from 30 individuals each measured on a number of different occasions.
  • vein pattern in the back of an individual's hand it is emphasised that the present invention is not limited to such an arrangement.
  • the vein pattern in the palm of a hand or any other suitable portion of the body could be utilised.
  • the present invention could be applied to body features other than vein patterns. That is, any suitable features of the body could be used, for example the line pattern in the palm of a hand, or external shape.
  • the right hand of an individual under test is located by first placing the hand on a template 2 in the shape of a hand. The hand is then pushed forwards, in the general direction of an arrow X, until it is hard against a locator 4, and then rotated until it is also hard against a locator 6. At this point, the hand is in the correct position and orientation for an exposure to be made to produce the required image.
  • the position and orientation is important to enable reproducibility of measurement to be obtained.
  • One or both of the locators A and B could be movable laterally to allow for the size of a hand.
  • locators A and B could be provided with a built—in sensor (not shown) to indicate when the hand is properly in position.
  • the exposure is made using a camera 8 spaced above the hand.
  • the camera could alternatively be spaced below the hand, for example below a transparent screen upon which the hand is placed. With the hand in the same orientation as shown in Figure 1, obviously the vein pattern in the palm of the hand would be measured. With this particular arrangement, the line pattern in the palm of the hand could in fact be measured.
  • the camera could be positioned wherever is considered suitable for a particular application, which would depend, for example, on the part of the individual's body that is being measured.
  • the camera 8 is based on an infra-red sensitive array, for instance a charge-coupled device (CCD), linked with a microprocessor or computer controller (not shown).
  • CCD charge-coupled device
  • the camera 8 may conveniently be a commercial camera based on a 1024 element CCD array. For measurement of a vein pattern, only the central 512 elements are recorded and the image reduced as follows:
  • a running average of each succeeding 8 bytes is calculated, i.e. bytes 0 to 7, bytes 1 to 8, bytes 2 to 9, etc.
  • the camera could alternatively have only the number of elements required for final storage, so that averaging would be physical rather than mathematical.
  • Credit cards, bank cards, and similar cards currently have a 40 byte section of magnetic data storage available for future use. For this reason the vein pattern data has been reduced to no more than this level in total. Thus this biometric system is able to be operated using a very small amount of data for comparison.
  • the vein pattern may be measured at more than one, preferably two, positions on the rear of the hand. Each image would have data reduced to 20 bytes.
  • Automatic exposure level compensation is calculated by a controlling microprocessor system (not shown) and applied by means of a variable light source (not shown).
  • the final amplitude of the collected data is expanded or compressed so that the minimum level is 0 and the maximum 128 on an arbitrary scale.
  • a microcomputer handles operation and synchronization of the camera 8, recording and storage of the data, and final manipulation of the data by the application of suitable algorithms.
  • the data is recorded in the form of an image of the vein pattern and the algorithms are applied to the information in such image.
  • the algorithms compare vein pattern data and derive the statistical chances of two vein patterns being from the same individual, so that the operator of the system may set the levels of acceptance and rejection.
  • Vein patterns are compared by calculating the mean of the squares of the differences between images. The resulting quantity normally lies between 0 (for a perfect match) and about 80 (for a very bad match). Verification or rejection of a particular individual is based on an assessment of the chances of whether a comparison of his vein pattern with one already recorded places him in distribution A or B in Figure 5.
  • the system could measure the vein pattern of an individual and establish by comparison with previously recorded vein patterns, the identity of that individual. This would of course only be effective if it is certain no individuals outside that group will be in a position such as to have their vein patterns scanned by the system.
  • the system of the present invention would allow for the verification of an individual attempting to use a credit card, bank card or similar card without the need for a PIN or signature.
  • use of the present invention in combination with, for example, a PIN would provide even greater security.
  • the present invention has important advantages over other biometric systems in that it is cheap and simple to operate, gives very rapid verification of the individual, and, by use of a camera spaced from the relevant portion of the individual's body, is absolutely non-intrusive
PCT/GB1987/000863 1986-12-02 1987-12-02 Information concerned with the body of an individual WO1988004153A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019880700850A KR890700011A (ko) 1986-12-02 1987-12-02 개인의 신체와 관련된 정보 검증 장치 및 방법
NO883377A NO883377L (no) 1986-12-02 1988-07-29 Informasjon som er knyttet til legemet av et individ.
DK429088A DK429088D0 (da) 1986-12-02 1988-08-01 Oplysninger om det enkelte menneskes legeme
FI892724A FI892724A (fi) 1986-12-02 1989-06-02 Information betraeffande en enskild persons kropp.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8628709 1986-12-02
GB868628709A GB8628709D0 (en) 1986-12-02 1986-12-02 Information concerned with body of individual

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988004153A1 true WO1988004153A1 (en) 1988-06-16

Family

ID=10608263

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1987/000863 WO1988004153A1 (en) 1986-12-02 1987-12-02 Information concerned with the body of an individual

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0333741A1 (ko)
JP (1) JPH01503203A (ko)
KR (1) KR890700011A (ko)
AU (1) AU8329687A (ko)
DK (1) DK429088D0 (ko)
FI (1) FI892724A (ko)
GB (1) GB8628709D0 (ko)
WO (1) WO1988004153A1 (ko)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3834048A1 (de) * 1988-10-06 1990-04-12 Karl Lambert Gohlke Verfahren zur optoelektronischen identifikation einer person
DE3834046A1 (de) * 1988-10-06 1990-04-12 Karl Lambert Gohlke Verfahren und vorrichtung zum begrenzen des zugangs zu bestimmten datenbereichen eines rechners
WO1990008366A1 (en) * 1989-01-16 1990-07-26 National Research Development Corporation Biometrics
GB2276749A (en) * 1993-04-01 1994-10-05 British Tech Group Individual verification
EP0898931A2 (en) * 1997-09-01 1999-03-03 Kyoto Daiichi Kagaku Co., Ltd. Probe positioning method and device therefor
US6173068B1 (en) * 1996-07-29 2001-01-09 Mikos, Ltd. Method and apparatus for recognizing and classifying individuals based on minutiae
WO2001054074A1 (de) 2000-01-19 2001-07-26 Skidata Ag Berechtigungskontrolleinrichtung
WO2002054337A1 (en) * 2001-01-04 2002-07-11 Advanced Biometrics, Inc. Method and apparatus for subcutaneous identification
US6427022B1 (en) 1998-11-10 2002-07-30 Western Research Company, Inc. Image comparator system and method for detecting changes in skin lesions
EP1610545A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2005-12-28 Fujitsu Limited Photographing apparatus, photographing method and computer program
US7441123B2 (en) 2001-03-23 2008-10-21 Ensign Holdings Method and apparatus for characterizing and estimating the parameters of histological and physiological biometric markers for authentication
US7536557B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2009-05-19 Ensign Holdings Method for biometric authentication through layering biometric traits
WO2010032126A2 (en) * 2008-09-22 2010-03-25 Kranthi Kiran Pulluru A vein pattern recognition based biometric system and methods thereof
US7796013B2 (en) 2000-01-10 2010-09-14 Ensign Holdings Device using histological and physiological biometric marker for authentication and activation
US7873408B2 (en) 2004-12-28 2011-01-18 Sony Corporation Bioimaging apparatus
US8190239B2 (en) 2002-09-03 2012-05-29 Fujitsu Limited Individual identification device
US8847732B2 (en) 2008-01-09 2014-09-30 Nanoident Technologies Ag Biometric security device
US9082048B2 (en) 2008-03-17 2015-07-14 Convergence Biometrics, LLC Identification in view of biometric parameters
US9584496B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2017-02-28 Convergence Biometrics, LLC Systems and methods for securely monitoring an individual

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004021884A1 (ja) * 2002-09-03 2004-03-18 Fujitsu Limited 個人認識装置
JP4089533B2 (ja) * 2003-07-28 2008-05-28 株式会社日立製作所 個人認証装置及び血管パターン抽出方法
JP4492705B2 (ja) * 2008-01-21 2010-06-30 株式会社日立製作所 生体識別装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3581282A (en) * 1968-12-03 1971-05-25 Norman G Altman Palm print identification system
GB1593001A (en) * 1977-01-17 1981-07-15 Hill R B Apparatus and method for identifying individuals through their retinal vasculature patterns
EP0043988A1 (en) * 1980-07-03 1982-01-20 Palmguard Inc. Method for analyzing stored image details
GB2156127A (en) * 1984-03-20 1985-10-02 Joseph Rice Method of and apparatus for the identification of individuals

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5522763A (en) * 1978-08-08 1980-02-18 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Image recording material
US4494865A (en) * 1982-12-13 1985-01-22 Battelle Development Corporation Providing patterns

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3581282A (en) * 1968-12-03 1971-05-25 Norman G Altman Palm print identification system
GB1593001A (en) * 1977-01-17 1981-07-15 Hill R B Apparatus and method for identifying individuals through their retinal vasculature patterns
EP0043988A1 (en) * 1980-07-03 1982-01-20 Palmguard Inc. Method for analyzing stored image details
GB2156127A (en) * 1984-03-20 1985-10-02 Joseph Rice Method of and apparatus for the identification of individuals

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3834046A1 (de) * 1988-10-06 1990-04-12 Karl Lambert Gohlke Verfahren und vorrichtung zum begrenzen des zugangs zu bestimmten datenbereichen eines rechners
DE3834048A1 (de) * 1988-10-06 1990-04-12 Karl Lambert Gohlke Verfahren zur optoelektronischen identifikation einer person
WO1990008366A1 (en) * 1989-01-16 1990-07-26 National Research Development Corporation Biometrics
GB2276749A (en) * 1993-04-01 1994-10-05 British Tech Group Individual verification
WO1994022370A1 (en) * 1993-04-01 1994-10-13 British Technology Group Limited Biometric identification of individuals
US5787185A (en) * 1993-04-01 1998-07-28 British Technology Group Ltd. Biometric identification of individuals by use of subcutaneous vein patterns
US6173068B1 (en) * 1996-07-29 2001-01-09 Mikos, Ltd. Method and apparatus for recognizing and classifying individuals based on minutiae
EP0898931A2 (en) * 1997-09-01 1999-03-03 Kyoto Daiichi Kagaku Co., Ltd. Probe positioning method and device therefor
EP0898931A3 (en) * 1997-09-01 2000-03-22 Kyoto Daiichi Kagaku Co., Ltd. Probe positioning method and device therefor
US6427022B1 (en) 1998-11-10 2002-07-30 Western Research Company, Inc. Image comparator system and method for detecting changes in skin lesions
US7796013B2 (en) 2000-01-10 2010-09-14 Ensign Holdings Device using histological and physiological biometric marker for authentication and activation
WO2001054074A1 (de) 2000-01-19 2001-07-26 Skidata Ag Berechtigungskontrolleinrichtung
DE10001929A1 (de) * 2000-01-19 2001-08-09 Skidata Ag Berechtigungskontrolleinrichtung
US6799726B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2004-10-05 Skidata Ag Authorization control device including a wristwatch having a biometric sensor
WO2002054337A1 (en) * 2001-01-04 2002-07-11 Advanced Biometrics, Inc. Method and apparatus for subcutaneous identification
US7948361B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2011-05-24 Ensign Holdings Obtaining biometric identification using a direct electrical contact
US7536557B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2009-05-19 Ensign Holdings Method for biometric authentication through layering biometric traits
US7441123B2 (en) 2001-03-23 2008-10-21 Ensign Holdings Method and apparatus for characterizing and estimating the parameters of histological and physiological biometric markers for authentication
US8190239B2 (en) 2002-09-03 2012-05-29 Fujitsu Limited Individual identification device
EP1610545A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2005-12-28 Fujitsu Limited Photographing apparatus, photographing method and computer program
EP1610545A4 (en) * 2003-03-28 2009-04-29 Fujitsu Ltd PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, PHOTOGRAPHIC METHOD, AND ASSOCIATED PROGRAM PRODUCT
US7873408B2 (en) 2004-12-28 2011-01-18 Sony Corporation Bioimaging apparatus
US8792967B2 (en) 2004-12-28 2014-07-29 Sony Corporation Bioimaging apparatus
US8847732B2 (en) 2008-01-09 2014-09-30 Nanoident Technologies Ag Biometric security device
US9082048B2 (en) 2008-03-17 2015-07-14 Convergence Biometrics, LLC Identification in view of biometric parameters
WO2010032126A3 (en) * 2008-09-22 2011-05-26 Kranthi Kiran Pulluru A vein pattern recognition based biometric system and methods thereof
US8803963B2 (en) 2008-09-22 2014-08-12 Kranthi Kiran Pulluru Vein pattern recognition based biometric system and methods thereof
WO2010032126A2 (en) * 2008-09-22 2010-03-25 Kranthi Kiran Pulluru A vein pattern recognition based biometric system and methods thereof
US9584496B2 (en) 2009-09-21 2017-02-28 Convergence Biometrics, LLC Systems and methods for securely monitoring an individual
US10554648B1 (en) 2009-09-21 2020-02-04 Halo Wearables, Llc Calibration of a wearable medical device
US10911427B1 (en) 2009-09-21 2021-02-02 Halo Wearables, Llc Reconfiguration of a wearable medical device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI892724A0 (fi) 1989-06-02
KR890700011A (ko) 1989-03-02
JPH01503203A (ja) 1989-11-02
GB8628709D0 (en) 1987-01-07
EP0333741A1 (en) 1989-09-27
FI892724A (fi) 1989-06-02
AU8329687A (en) 1988-06-30
DK429088A (da) 1988-08-01
DK429088D0 (da) 1988-08-01

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