WO1987003637A1

WO1987003637A1 - Carrier-like structural element

Info

Publication number: WO1987003637A1
Application number: PCT/EP1986/000700
Authority: WO
Inventors: Friederike Wimmer
Original assignee: Friederike Wimmer
Priority date: 1985-12-05
Filing date: 1986-12-03
Publication date: 1987-06-18
Also published as: EP0284609B1; EP0284609A1; JPS63502765A; AU6847087A

Abstract

A carrier-like structural element with a tensile reinforcement which is arranged in a longitudinally movable manner between anchor assemblies which are connected to the structural element, whereby at least one anchor assembly is provided with at least one force transmission element engaging with the structural element in the tensile zone. To reduce significantly the maximum bending moment applied to the structural element, the longitudinally-movable tensile reinforcement is arranged in the tensile zone of the profile of the structural element and consists of at least two tensile elements, whereby each force transmission element is designed as an articulated lever which is pivotable on the corresponding mutually-facing ends of two tensile elements.

Description

Beam-shaped component

The invention relates to a beam-shaped ^'element having a tensile reinforcement, which kerungseinrichtungen between associated with the component Veran¬ is arranged for longitudinal displacement, wherein an anchoring means is provided at least at least comprises a power transmission element, which acts on the component in the region of the tension zone.

In the case of a component that is subjected to bending, such as a reinforced concrete beam, the constant beam cross-section has so far always been dimensioned according to the maximum torque that occurs only at one point in the overall length of the beam. As a result, the cross-section of the component has so far only been stressed and used economically at this point within the permissible standard, while the other areas have an uneconomical cross-section along the beam length, since the load, for example in the case of parallel beams, is lower there. A carrier-shaped component of the type mentioned is already known from DE-AS 22 06 140 in the form of a so-called composite carrier with pretension. In this composite beam a to the carrier disposed in parallel without tensile reinforcement is provided, which open into anchor plates to which a rigid flange is fixed as a power transmission element, which is supported on the bottom profile portion of the carrier and to achieve ^■ the desired bias on the carrier in the Print area is attached. With this known construction, although the bending deformation of a composite girder can generally be reduced, it does not satisfy the need for a more effective utilization of the girder profile over its length in order to achieve a considerable reduction in the profile cross-sectional dimensions and, accordingly, to achieve a higher degree of utilization or greater economy.

The invention has for its object to provide a carrier-shaped component of the type mentioned, in which the maximum bending moment is significantly reduced under load.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the longitudinally displaceable pulling movement is arranged in the pulling zone of the profile of the component and consists of at least two pulling elements, and in that each force transmission element is designed as an articulated lever which is articulated on the ends of two pulling elements facing each other.

Preferred features that advantageously further develop the invention are contained in the subordinate claims.

Advantageously, the invention makes available a support-shaped component in which not only the bending stiffness is increased, but at the same time a reduction and equalization of the bending moments is achieved. Out of this

technically this results in up to three times the load-bearing capacity, economically a profile saving of up to 60% and constructively a reduction in the construction height or an increase in the span with the same load acceptance up to 1.73 times. This results in particularly favorable application options for bridges, girders and plates made of reinforced concrete, metal and wood, especially in the construction of wood glue.

The equalization of the moments achievable according to the invention can be explained in the following way. If bending moments occur in a component cross-section, there is an expansion in the tensile region and a compression of the fibers in the pressure region, the length of the support-shaped component not changing in the zero line. The invention is based on the fact that materials with different modulus of elasticity have different stresses with the same elongation and uses this by arranging an eccentric tension member with different modulus of elasticity in order to introduce an eccentric force in the area of the tensile zone of the component. This prevents the elastic change in length in the tension area and creates a torque reduction or torque reversal at the critical points. If this torque inversion is carried out several times over the length of the component, the outer maximum bending moment is divided over several sections of the component, which results in a more uniform stress on the component length and the inner divided maximum bending moments are correspondingly reduced with the result that with lower resistance moments or smaller cross sections of the component can be worked. The sum of the divided inner maximum bending moments corresponds to the outer maximum bending moment.

In the carrier-shaped component according to the invention, the the tensile reinforcement within the structural element is introduced into the tensile zone by means of articulated levers in the opposite direction as compressive forces, a tensile reinforcement divided over the length of the structural element into a plurality of longitudinally displaceable tensile elements being provided for this force deflection. The tensile reinforcement is subdivided into tensile elements by means of articulated levers, which are articulated at the mutually facing ends of two tensile elements. As a result, the tensile zone is advantageously divided into statically separate sections, with a change in the force ratio taking place in each anchoring device, and counteracting the tensile stresses load-dependent compressive stresses which reduce the maximum bending moment.

The anchoring devices having articulated levers are preferably designed as a force deflection box and arranged at a distance from the support area of the component, the number of force deflection boxes used and their distribution over the length of the component depending on the respective requirements and conditions. According to a preferred development of the invention, each power deflection box has at least two crossed articulated levers, which are articulatedly connected at their point of intersection to a tension element, each articulate at one end of the power deflection box and each articulated at the other end to the other tension element. As a result of this and due to further possible lever arm measurements and the resulting transmission ratios, large compression forces can be introduced into the tensile zone even in the case of small expansion paths by utilizing the force amplification principle, which contribute to the desired equalization of the moment load when several force deflection cans are provided.

In the carrier-shaped component according to the invention there are a total of three different anchoring devices which engage in the area of the tension zone, namely one at the end of the carrier End-anchoring device provided in the form of a support element, an anchoring device designed as a force deflection box and finally a profile-anchoring device in the profile profile itself, which is integrated into the support element at a distance from the force deflection box and from the end of the support-shaped component and via which forces are introduced into the support-shaped component by a tension element can be. According to preferred developments of the invention, the carrier-shaped component is provided with at least two different anchoring devices, the respective arrangements being made in accordance with the corresponding requirements in such a way that there is a significant reduction in the maximum torque and a favorable profile utilization. For example, by arranging a force deflection box in the vicinity of the storage area of a component, deformation with the associated changes in length in the support area can advantageously be avoided, which has particular importance for the design and durability of component supports.

Further details, features and advantages can be found in the following description part, in which the invention is explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it :

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a carrier

Component with constant cross-section, which is mounted at its ends and in which a tensile reinforcement with two force deflection cans is provided, which acts on anchoring devices at the ends of the component;

FIG. 2 shows a bending moment curve for the carrier-shaped component according to FIG. 1 in a load case with a central point load;

Figure 3 shows another embodiment of a carrier

Component with a force deflection box and two end anchoring facilities;

FIG. 4 shows a bending moment curve for the component according to FIG. 3 in a load case with a central point load;

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a carrier-shaped component clamped on one side with an end-side anchoring device, a force deflection box and an anchoring device provided in the profile of the component;

FIG. 6 shows a bending moment curve for the component shown in FIG. 5 in a load case with point load at the outer free end;

FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a carrier-shaped component with two end anchoring devices, two force deflection boxes and two profile anchoring devices, two parallel tension elements being provided;

FIG. 8 shows a bending moment curve for the component according to FIG. 7 in a load case with a central point load;

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of a carrier-shaped component with two force deflection boxes and two profile anchoring devices;

FIG. 10 shows a bending moment curve for the component shown in FIG. 9 in a load case with a central point load;

FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of a power deflection box without joint articulated connection of articulated levers;

FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of a power deflection box with joint joint connection of joint elements and additional crossed joint elements;

Figure 13 is a plan view of an embodiment of a

Power diverting box with parts cut away;

FIG. 14 shows a section along the section line XIV-XIV in FIG. 13; and

Figure 15 shows another embodiment of a power deflection box. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a carrier-shaped component 10. The component 10 consists of a reinforced concrete beam, which has a constant cross section over its entire length 1. The component 10 is supported at its ends on schematically illustrated supports 11 and 12 and each has an end anchoring device 13 or 14 at its profile ends. In the profile of the component 10, a tensile reinforcement 15 is integrated in its zone, which is connected to the end Kerungseinrichtung 13 and 14 is attached. The tensile reinforcement 15 also includes a shorter tie rod 16 / a force deflection box 19, a longer tie rod 17, a force deflection box 20 and a shorter tie rod 18.

The tie rods 16, 17 and 18 are each arranged longitudinally displaceably in assigned cladding tubes 21, 22 and 23. The cladding tubes 21, 22 and 23 are in turn firmly integrated into the component 10 during its manufacture. This also applies to the power deflection boxes 19 and 20, which are optionally installed in the component in a stationary manner by additional anchoring measures, such as, for example, welded end plates or rod profiles. In FIG. 1, the distance l _χ between the end anchoring device 13 and the right end of the power deflection box 19 is 1 _es / 4 in the exemplary embodiment shown, the distance 1 ₂ is 1ges / 2 and the distance 1 ³ corresponds to the distance 1, ^l . The respective distances can be selected in accordance with the respective load requirements.

The structure of the power deflection boxes 19 and 20 corresponds, for example, to the power steering boxes shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 and 15, with a power lever ratio of 1: 1 being selected for the power steering box 19. In contrast, an articulated lever transmission ratio of 1: 2 is selected for the power deflection box 20. This articulated lever ratio results from the length of the lever arms between the articulation points of the tie rods 16 and 18 on the respective articulated lever and the drawbar 17 and from the articulated arm between the articulation of the drawbar 17 and the articulation of the articulated lever on the housing of the force deflection box 19 or 20, as will be explained later.

To produce the component 10, commercially available straight tension rods as pull rods 16, 17 and 18 are arranged in corresponding cladding tubes 21, 22 and 23, connected to the corresponding force deflection boxes 19 and 20 and concreted together with them into the carrier shape without connecting the pull rods with the end anchoring devices 13 and 14 is manufactured, which are also concreted. After the required concrete strength has been reached, a screw nut located on the protruding tie rod 16 or 18 is screwed onto the end of the beam using a torque wrench until the required clamping force is reached. It is possible due to the design of the component 10 according to the invention to achieve the required prestressing with only about 33% of the total prestressing force, so that this prestressing can be carried out by hand. In contrast, previously, for the production of prestressed reinforced concrete beams, either a capital-intensive prestressing system with complex operation was required, or the T-beams were made up to the full rectangular cross section (reinforced) in the support area, because this was necessary to absorb the entire prestressing force, or Tensioning cables were inserted in parabolic form and then had to be pressed out of the hollow space of the cladding tube with simultaneous mechanical pretensioning of the tensioning cables with mortar.

FIG. 2 shows a bending moment curve for a load case with a central point load P, see FIG. 1, which results for the design of the component 10 shown in FIG. 1. The difference to a moment representation with equal Last is only that instead of a triangular, a parabolic moment distribution is present. The ^' dashed

Triangle line in FIG. 2 represents the torque curve for a non zusatzarmierten component with a constant cross-section. The maximum bending moment MBmax lie at the point ^J t 'on which the point load is introduced into the beam-shaped component 10. The areas shown in dashed lines show a changed bending moment curve which results in the illustrated embodiment of a component 10 according to the invention. The force deflection boxes 19 and 20 and the end anchoring devices 13 and 14, on which the tensile elements act, oppose the tensile forces prevailing under load, which due to different elastic changes in length between the tensile zone of the component 10 and the additionally attached tie rods via the Articulated levers result which reverse the changes in length in their direction and thus reduce or cancel the expansion dimension of the component tensile zone, which results in a neutral position depending on the load. The prerequisite here is that the tension rods always have a smaller elastic change in length of the cross-sectional fiber than the tension zone of the component. This can be done, for example, by selecting the tie rods with a lower σ - than the tensile zone of the component. With the same modulus of elasticity there are then different changes in length 1. The same can be achieved with different building materials using different moduli of elasticity, for example wood and steel or concrete and steel. This results in a wide range of possible uses for a beam-shaped component according to the invention, for example as a bending beam on two supports, as a continuous beam with use in the tensile area, as a cantilever beam, as supports and in each case made of wood, metal and reinforced concrete.

The one in the right half of FIG. 2 compared to the left half 2 different torque curve results from the chosen articulated lever transmission ratio of 1: 2 and is particularly advantageous for reducing the pretensioning forces in the area of the support 12. The torque reversal achieved and more uniform torque distribution over the length of the component 10 while achieving a significantly reduced maximum bending moment M'bmax can be clearly seen in FIG. 2. Technically can sich- with the inventive concept in an economically acceptable way to reach a beam-shaped device with a triple load capacity ^{^.} The same is constructive. Load a reduction in the construction height or enlargement of the span is possible up to a factor of 1.73. From an economic point of view, this leads to cost savings of up to 60%.

A further exemplary embodiment of a component 25 is shown schematically in FIG. 3. The same parts as in Figure 1 are provided with the same reference numerals. The tensile reinforcement here consists of a short tie rod 26 and a long tie rod 27 which are articulated to one another in a power deflection box 19 with an articulated lever in a transmission ratio of 1: 1. The associated cladding tubes for the tie rods 26 and 27 are not shown. The tie rods 26 and 27 are fastened at the end to end anchoring devices 13 and 14, respectively.

The associated resulting torque curve results from the schematic representation of FIG. 4. With the support-shaped component 25, a double load-bearing capacity can be achieved, for example, with glued girders with a rectangular cross-section. Since only one power deflection box is provided, this form of training represents a particularly economical solution of such a carrier-shaped component.

Figures 5 and 6 show the formation of a carrier-shaped Component 30 as a cantilevered carrier, which is fastened in a wall 31 and for which the resulting torque curve from a point load P at the opposite end is shown in FIG. 6.

The component 30 consists of a rectangular support profile 32, in the tension zone of which is located in the upper region in FIG. 5, a tensile reinforcement 33 is provided, which is composed of an end anchoring device 34, a tie rod 35, which is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable in a cladding tube 36, a force deflector ¬ can with an articulated lever transmission ratio of 1: 1, a ^" pull rod 38 with an associated cladding tube 39 and a profile anchoring device 40. The effective length l _{χ of} the pull rod 35, the length 1 ₂ between the start of the power deflection box 37 and the profile anchoring device 40 and the length 1 ₃ between the profile anchoring device 40 and the end of the support profile 32 is 1/3 of the total length l_ _es in the illustrated embodiment. The above-mentioned advantages of the component according to the invention also apply in a corresponding manner to this embodiment.

7 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a carrier-shaped component 45 according to the invention, the same parts again being provided with the same reference numerals. From left to right, the tensile reinforcement 46 is composed of an end anchoring device 13, a first tie rod 47 with a length of 1 .., a power deflection box 51, a second tie rod 48 and a profile anchoring device 52 support-shaped component 45, the tensile reinforcement 46, seen from left to right, is also formed with a profile anchoring device 53, a third tie rod 49, a force deflection box 54, a fourth tie rod 50 and an end anchoring device 14. The power deflection boxes 51 and 54 have a joint lever transmission ratio of 1: 1. The tie rods 48 and 49 each pass through the profile anchoring devices 53 and 52 in cladding tubes, not shown. The tie rods 47 and 50 are also longitudinally displaceable in cladding tubes, not shown. The distance l of the force deflection box 51 from the end anchoring device 13 is greater than the distance 1 _{3 of} the force deflection box 54 from the end anchoring device 14, while the distances 1 _{2 1} and 1 _{22 of} the respective force deflection boxes from the associated profile anchoring devices 52 and 53 are of equal length are. By getrof¬ fene Bauele¬ arrangement according to the invention can advantageously be produced elements 45 that do directing cans with weaker dimensioned Kra tum- ^'. Furthermore, end forces in the support area can be produced in a favorable manner, which are divided according to the respective needs. The achievable slight change in shape of the entire component 45 under load is also favorable.

FIG. 8 shows the associated resulting distribution of moments over the component 45 under load in the center of the component 45 by a point-like force P, while the triangular curve of the bending moment is shown with the same load and no tensile reinforcement for comparison.

A further exemplary embodiment of a component 56 according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 9, with the associated resulting bending moment curve being shown hatched in FIG. 10. The component 56 in turn has a rectangular carrier profile 55 which rests on supports 11 and 12 at its ends. The tensile reinforcement 58 is composed of a profile anchoring device 59, a short tie rod 60, a power deflection box 61 with an articulated lever transmission ratio of 2: 1, a long tie rod 62, a power deflection box 63 with an articulated lever transmission ratio of 2: 1, a short tie rod 64 and a profile anchoring device 65. In contrast to the exemplary embodiments illustrated so far, the component 56 has an anchoring with torque reversal beginning on both sides in the field area.

FIG. 11 schematically shows the structure of the force deflection box 19 from FIG. 1. The force deflection box 19 consists of a square or rectangular housing 70, into which the pull rod 16 leading to the end anchoring device 13 engages in the housing from the left in FIG. 11 is attached to a profile 71 extending at right angles to the pull rod 16. The profile 71 in turn extends almost over the entire width of the power deflection box 19 and has at its ends joints 72 and 73, to which corresponding intermediate levers 74 and 75 are articulated in mutually parallel planes, which in turn also have pivot joints 76 and 77 Articulated levers 78 and 79 arranged in parallel planes are connected to one another. The articulated levers 78 and 79 cross each other and are connected at their respective other ends to a swivel joint 80 and 81 fixed to the housing. The pull rod 17 enters the housing 70 from the opposite direction to the pull rod 16 and engages the articulated levers 78 and 79 in the region of the crossing point thereof with a flange-like formation 82. The already mentioned transmission ratio of the articulated levers 78 and 79 is defined by the distance of the lever arm between the articulation 81 and the point of application of the projection 82 in the area of intersection of the levers and the lever arm between the first mentioned intersection point and the articulation 77.

In a joint lever transmission ratio of 1: 1, the pull rod 17 due to ^'results in the Kraftumlenkdose 19 for a change in length 1 of the scissors-like construction of the articulated levers 78 and 79 have a length change of 2. 1

FIG. 12 schematically shows a modified force deflection box 85, in which a rectangular housing 86 differs from that in FIG Fig. 11 illustrated embodiment between the intermediate levers 74 and 75 two crossed further intermediate articulated levers 90 and 91 are articulated, which have a rotatable connection at their crossing point. The intermediate articulated levers 90 and 91 are connected at their other ends with swivel joints 92 and 93 to the articulated levers 78 and 79 which, in contrast to the embodiment in FIG. 11, have a common articulation 87 at their crossing point and are at their opposite ends by means of swivel-thrust joints Support 88 or 89 on the wall of the housing 86 through which the pull rod 17 articulated on the joint 78 enters. The transmission ratio is 1: 1 for the intermediate link levers 90 and 91 and 2: 3 for the link levers 78 and 79. The structure of the articulated lever is similar to that of a double pair of scissors, the advantage being achieved that, in the event of a change in length or a path 1 of the pull rod 17, a path of 5 1 on the pull rod 16 is achieved due to the configuration.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a further exemplary embodiment of a force deflection box 100 which is particularly suitable for use in concrete-encased components, but is also just as suitable for steel beams with a double-T cross-section, rectangular cross-section, wooden beams etc., that is to say beams which are not or not completely encased in concrete.

The force deflection box 100, which is designed as an anchoring device, consists of a box-shaped housing which, when assembled, is encapsulated and firmly anchored in the carrier-shaped component. In FIG. 13, the pull rod 16 engages in the housing 101 from the left and the pull rod 17 engages from the right, each of which is surrounded by cladding tubes 21. 22 are enclosed so that their longitudinal displacement is ensured in any case. The cuboid housing 101 has a base 102, four side walls 103, 104 and a cover 105 which can be fitted, which is removed in the illustration according to FIG. 13. Which are parallel to the Zugele th 16 and 17 extending side walls 104 are provided with grooves 106, in the first lever arms 107 two levers 108 engage limited pivot.

The housing 101 is either fastened to the component or, in the case of a concrete component, cast into it, so that the grooves 106 form support-fixed abutments for the pivotable engagement of the lever arms 107 to form a pivot joint similar to the joints 80, 81 in FIG. 11.

An end section of the pull rod 17, which is located within the housing 101, is provided with a thread onto which a fork piece 109 is screwed. Each prong of the fork piece 109 serves as a bearing for an axle 110 of one of the two two-arm levers 108. The first lever arm 111 of the two levers 108, which has the same length as the lever arm 107, engages in a circumferential groove 112 of the other pull rod 16 a. The sleeve-like circumferential groove is delimited by threaded nuts, not shown, which are screwed at a distance from one another on a threaded section of the pull rod 16 located in the housing 101, the threaded nut on the end forming the end flange 113.

FIG. 15 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a force deflection box 115, which consists of a cube-shaped or cuboid housing 116. The force deflection box 115 represents a modification of the force deflection boxes shown schematically in FIGS. 11 and 12, comparable components bearing identical reference numerals. In a departure from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the articulated levers 78 and 79 have a swivel joint at their crossing point, to which the tie rod 17 is articulated at the same time. In addition, the articulated levers 78 and 79 are supported directly via the rotary and sliding joints 88 and 89, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 12 From the housing wall facing the tie rod 17. The joints 88 and 89 are designed as cylindrical rollers, which are received with play on the articulated levers 78 and 79 in corresponding recesses. The transmission ratio of the articulated lever 78 and 79 is 1: 1, the articulated lever and the intermediate articulated lever each moving in parallel planes to one another.

If the cross-sectional profile is limited, for example in the case of a so-called wood glue girder, and larger loads are to be applied, there is also the option of leading a transverse yoke from the universal joint point 78 through recesses to be provided laterally in the housing and the pull rod 17 through two outside the To replace profile-running tie rods with a correspondingly reduced cross-section for half the load.

Claims

Carrier-shaped component

Carrier-shaped component with a tensile reinforcement, which is arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable between anchoring devices, which are connected to the component, at least one anchoring device being provided which has at least one force transmission element which acts on the component in the region of the tensile zone, characterized in that the longitudinally displaceable tensile reinforcement ( 15, 33, 46, 58) is arranged in the tension zone of the profile of the component (10, 25, 30, 45, 56) and consists of at least two tension elements (16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 35, 38, 47 - 50, 60, 62, 64), and that each power transmission element is designed as an articulated lever (78, 79, 108), which at the ends of two tension elements (16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 35, 38, 47 - 50, 60, 62, 64) is articulated. 1 3

2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one articulated lever (78, 79, 108) in a as a power deflection box (19, 20, 37, 51, 54, 61, 63, 85, 100, 115) formed and from the support area (11, 12) of the component (10, 25, 30, 45, 56) spaced anchoring device is provided.

3. Component according to claim 2, characterized in that 'each power deflection box (19, 20, 37, 51, 54, 61, 63, 85, 100, 115) has two crossed articulated levers (78, 79) which are articulated at their crossing point are connected with a tension element (17, 27, 35, 48, 49, 62), each with one end articulated (80, 81, 88, 89, 106, 107) to the power deflection box (19, 20, 37, 51, 54 , 61, 63, 85, 100, 115) and each with its other end on the other tension element (16, 18, 26, 38, 47, 50, 60, 64) are articulated.

4. The component according to claim 3, characterized in that the articulation of the ends of the articulated lever (78, 79) on the other tension element (16) via at least two intermediate levers (74, 75) is provided.

5. The component according to claim 4, characterized in that at least two crossed intermediate articulated levers (90, 91) are provided between the articulated levers (78, 79) and the intermediate levers (74, 75).

6. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the articulated levers (78, 79) the lever arm between the The point of intersection (82, 87) and the end of the attack on the power steering box is equal to or less than the lever arm between the point of intersection (82, 87) and its other end.

7. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each tension element provided in the component (16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 35, 38, 47 - 50, 60, 62, 64) is longitudinally displaceable in a cladding tube (21 , 22, 23, 33, 39) is arranged.

8. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two interconnected tension elements (16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 35, 38, 47 - 50, 60, 62, 64) have different lengths, the shorter tension element is connected to an end anchoring device (13, 14) engaging in the region of the tensile zone of the component (10, 25, 30, 45) in the support region (11, 12) of the component.

9. Component according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that two interconnected tension elements (35, 38, 47 - 50, 60, 62, 64) have different lengths, one of the tension elements (38, 48, 49, 60 , 64) is connected to a profile anchoring device (40, 52, 53, 59, 65) engaging in the area of the tensile zone of the component.

10. The component according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the component (10, 56) has two power deflection boxes (19, 20, 61, 63) which are connected to one another via a common longer Zugele¬ element (17, 62) and by are arranged at a distance from the respective end of the component.

11. The component according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that two interconnected tension elements (47, 48, 49, 50) have different lengths and that the component (45) has two power deflection boxes (51, 54), each of which longer traction elements (48, 49) run parallel to one another and are connected to a profile anchoring device (52, 53) which engages in the region of the traction zone of the component (45) and which, viewed from a force deflection box, are respectively arranged in front of the opposite force deflection box.

12. Component subjected to bending, such as girders or the like, with a tensile reinforcement running in the tensile zone, which is arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable between anchoring devices connected to the girder, each anchoring device comprising a lever which extends transversely from the end of the tensile reinforcement protrudes to the longitudinal axis of the beam and with a

Arm is connected to the support, characterized in that the tensile reinforcement (15, 33, 46) anchored in the end in the support area (11, 12) of the component (10, 25, 30, 45) into several successive tensile elements (16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 35, 38, 47-50) and each lever (78, 79, 108) of an anchoring device (19, 85, 100, 115) is designed with two arms, the lever (78, 79, 108) on the end of a tension element (17, 27, 35, 48, 49, 62) is rotatably mounted and its second arm (111) with the end of the adjoining tension element (16, 18, 26, 38, 47, 50, 60 , 64) is movably connected.

13. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end of the first of two mutually facing tension elements is fork-shaped and the fork piece (109) surrounds the end of the other tension element (16), a lever (108) being rotatably mounted on each prong of the fork piece (109) and the mutually facing second arms (111) of the two levers (108) together on an end flange (113 ) attack the other tension element (16).

14. The component according to claim 13, characterized in that the ends of the two tension elements (16, 17) are provided with threads, on the one hand the fork piece (109) and on the other hand a circumferential groove (112) forming threaded nuts are screwed on.

15. Component according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the tension elements (16, 17) within the concrete embedded in the casing tubes (21, 22) are arranged to be longitudinally displaceable and connect to can-like anchoring devices (100), their parallel to the Side walls (104) extending with tension elements are provided with grooves (106) into which the first lever arms (107) engage.

16. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tension elements (16, 18, 26, 35, 47, 50) are designed as tie rods which at least in the area of end anchoring devices (13, 14, 34) with a Threads are provided, wherein a preload can be introduced by means of a screw-on threaded nut.