WO1987001137A1 - Method and device for treatment of melt - Google Patents

Method and device for treatment of melt Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1987001137A1
WO1987001137A1 PCT/SU1985/000071 SU8500071W WO8701137A1 WO 1987001137 A1 WO1987001137 A1 WO 1987001137A1 SU 8500071 W SU8500071 W SU 8500071W WO 8701137 A1 WO8701137 A1 WO 8701137A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plasma
alloy
nozzle
ρasπlava
arc
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SU1985/000071
Other languages
French (fr)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Leonid Ivanovich Parfenov
Viktor Petrovich Podoinikov
Nikolai Alexandrovich Svidunovich
Viktor Nikolaevich Volkov
Sergei Alexandrovich Burenkov
Alexandr Ivanovich Garost
Vladimir Kuzmich Litvinov
Gennady Alexeevich Sorokin
Vladimir Vyacheslavovich Vashkevich
Original Assignee
Belorussky Tekhnologichesky Institut Imeni S.M.Kir
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Belorussky Tekhnologichesky Institut Imeni S.M.Kir filed Critical Belorussky Tekhnologichesky Institut Imeni S.M.Kir
Priority to GB8708931A priority Critical patent/GB2189508B/en
Priority to DE19853590837 priority patent/DE3590837T1/de
Priority to JP50483085A priority patent/JPS63500043A/en
Priority to PCT/SU1985/000071 priority patent/WO1987001137A1/en
Priority to DE3590837A priority patent/DE3590837C2/de
Priority to IN807/DEL/85A priority patent/IN164418B/en
Publication of WO1987001137A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987001137A1/en
Priority to FI871665A priority patent/FI81383C/en
Priority to SE8701578A priority patent/SE8701578L/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/005—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys using plasma jets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B2014/002—Smelting process, e.g. sequences to melt a specific material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
    • F27D2099/0031—Plasma-torch heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0025—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state
    • F27D3/0026—Introducing additives into the melt

Definitions

  • the furnace and the furnace are used to process the metal; it separates the vintage grade of steel being melted, the furnace
  • a well-known method includes the creation of a vacuum over a ground of a glazed metal for its degassing and heating of a molten metal arc.
  • a well-known method is realized in a unit containing a vacuum chamber, in which a container with a liquid megallum is placed.
  • the hazardous process includes the oxidation of an oxidizing gas to reduce the content of carbon dioxide in a hot melt, which is heated by an oxidized gas. Simultaneously to inert gas 10 DYA ⁇ is in most cases an active reagent of dual gas. On the other hand, gas is used for the oxidation of the alloy.
  • Non-hazardous gas in such a quantity, as plasma is mainly composed of hydrogen.
  • 15 gas-producing gases use inert gas, for example, argon.
  • the known method is realized in the device, including
  • Electric arc burning is caused by more than 25 thermal processes with radiation, which is a known known cause of low energetic stress.
  • the implementation of such a method is largely troubled due to the need to ensure a vacuum.
  • vyshe ⁇ isannaya ⁇ e ⁇ n ⁇ l ⁇ giya ⁇ su- 30 sches ⁇ vleniya s ⁇ s ⁇ ba delae ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ niches ⁇ i sl ⁇ zhn ⁇ ⁇ ealizuemymi ⁇ a ⁇ ie ⁇ e ⁇ atsii ⁇ b ⁇ ab ⁇ i ⁇ as ⁇ lava, ⁇ a ⁇ legi ⁇ vanie, ⁇ as- ⁇ islenie and ⁇ a ⁇ further and ⁇ a ⁇ zhe • ⁇ e ⁇ atsii desul ⁇ u ⁇ atsii de ⁇ s ⁇ atsii and related guidance shla ⁇ a.
  • the main task of the invention was to create a method for processing the alloy and equipment for processing the waste, for the treatment of - 7 - ⁇ dacha d ⁇ bav ⁇ in ⁇ as ⁇ lav ⁇ suschee ⁇ vleyay ⁇ a ⁇ im ⁇ b ⁇ az ⁇ m, ch ⁇ ⁇ iv ⁇ dya ⁇ ⁇ in ⁇ eyasi ⁇ i ⁇ atsii ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ - and mass ⁇ bmena between ⁇ - ⁇ m niz ⁇ emle ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ n ⁇ y ⁇ lazmy and ⁇ as ⁇ lav ⁇ m, ⁇ ⁇ vysheniyu 5 eyae ⁇ ge ⁇ iches ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ itsieya ⁇ a ⁇ lezn ⁇ g ⁇ deys ⁇ viya nag ⁇ eva ⁇ as ⁇ lava and ⁇ a ⁇ zhe ⁇ iya ⁇ ensi ⁇ i ⁇ atsii ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ - and mass ⁇ bmena between
  • the sale of the proposed method allows for the use of spare parts for the preparation of finely divided products in the amount of 0.1 millimeters.
  • the speed of the range of processes in the baths is made up of steel smelters (slagging, disinfection, desulphurization and other processes), and there is a significant loss of heat.
  • Is ⁇ lz ⁇ vanie shla ⁇ b ⁇ azuyuschi ⁇ ⁇ isad ⁇ in ⁇ sh ⁇ b- ⁇ azn ⁇ m form ⁇ edva ⁇ i ⁇ eln ⁇ a ⁇ imul ⁇ van ⁇ y ⁇ in llazmeyan ⁇ y arc and vvedenny ⁇ in ⁇ bem ⁇ as ⁇ lava for ⁇ bes ⁇ echeniya naib ⁇ - Lee vys ⁇ y ⁇ azvi ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ ve ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ i me ⁇ all-shla ⁇ , s ⁇ zdae ⁇ usl ⁇ viya d ⁇ s ⁇ izheniya ma ⁇ simaln ⁇ y s ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ tsess ⁇ v de ⁇ s- ⁇ atsii, and desul ⁇ u ⁇ atsii d ⁇ ugi ⁇ . It is convenient to use the waste product for use in the treatment of waste.
  • P ⁇ s ⁇ avlennaya task ⁇ eshae ⁇ sya ⁇ a ⁇ zhe ⁇ em, ch ⁇ in us ⁇ y- s ⁇ ve for ⁇ b ⁇ ab ⁇ i ⁇ as ⁇ lava, s ⁇ de ⁇ zhaschem ⁇ lazm ⁇ n for s ⁇ zdaniya ⁇ a niz ⁇ emle ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ n ⁇ y llazmy, us ⁇ aya ⁇ vleyany with z ⁇ zm ⁇ zhn ⁇ s ⁇ y ⁇ v ⁇ zv ⁇ a ⁇ n ⁇ - ⁇ s ⁇ u ⁇ a ⁇ eln ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ emescheyaiya in ve ⁇ i ⁇ aln ⁇ y ⁇ l ⁇ s ⁇ s ⁇ i and ⁇ asl ⁇ l ⁇ zhenyay over ze ⁇ al ⁇ m ⁇ as- - 9 - ⁇ lava, s ⁇ glasn ⁇ iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ eniyu, ⁇ lazm ⁇ n provided nas
  • the main area must be equipped with the possibility of moving to a horizontal area.
  • the indicated plate is installed in order to intensify 5 heat and mass transfer between the plasma and the alloy and melt, thereby eliminating the movement of gas gases into the dispersal. With this, more efficient shredding is achieved. Due to the fact that the largest grinding effect is achieved, when the indicated plate is fully integrated, it is fully supplied with vertical non-volatile channels, and it is free from any kind of gas.
  • a jaundice in the area of the cross-section may have an answer for the purpose of taking a dog.
  • a good answer is the desired e-15 effect and a nice little thing to use in the alloy.
  • the proposed method of processing the alloy includes the development of a low-temperature plasma flow through the use of a non-laminating agent.
  • Plasma-forming agent is selected from the cell, consisting of 30 from the argon, azot, acid, hydrogen and / or mixtures.
  • the proposed method of processing in addition to that, the process of processing the low-temperature plasma, is used in the process.
  • the process of processing of the ritual of the glory of the locality of the 35 tons of trains is about 50% of the price of 5.0 parts of the volume of the whole world of 100 thousand.
  • the main part of the low-temperature plasma is that there is a large volume of the main part of the device which is at a speed of 1,500 m / s.
  • ⁇ ⁇ aches ⁇ ve ts ⁇ bav ⁇ is ⁇ lzuyu ⁇ az ⁇ s ⁇ tse ⁇ zhaschie d ⁇ bav- ⁇ i, nal ⁇ ime ⁇ chis ⁇ y az ⁇ mixture az ⁇ -a ⁇ g ⁇ n or ⁇ edva ⁇ i- ⁇ eln ⁇ shredded d ⁇ ⁇ azme ⁇ v chas ⁇ its ⁇ ⁇ l ⁇ 0, 1 mm d ⁇ ⁇ l ⁇ 1, 0 mm shla ⁇ b ⁇ azuyuschie l ⁇ isats ⁇ i, nal ⁇ ime ⁇ ⁇ sh- ⁇ i legi ⁇ uyuschi ⁇ elemen ⁇ v ( ⁇ i ⁇ ana, wolfram and friends ⁇ ), to remove, the floating staff and others.
  • Plazm ⁇ - ⁇ n I provided nasats ⁇ m 5 s ⁇ etsinennym with ⁇ ts ⁇ m ⁇ lazm ⁇ na I, ⁇ b ⁇ aschennym ⁇ ⁇ as ⁇ lavu 3 and having a cross section of v ⁇ tsn ⁇ e, ⁇ susches ⁇ vu, ⁇ avn ⁇ e sh ⁇ tsn ⁇ mu section ⁇ lazm ⁇ na I in mes ⁇ e is ⁇ echeniya l ⁇ a niz ⁇ em ⁇ e ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ n ⁇ y llazmy 2 and tsliyaa ⁇ g ⁇ uzhaem ⁇ y in ⁇ as ⁇ lav 3 chas ⁇ i hasting 5 makes up about 0.1 cent. 0, 8 heights of the melt 3.
  • the equipment offered is an option - it is possible to move the plasma I to the 5th base area.
  • the described person in the balloons 7 is supplied with a file of his own.
  • the device employs the use of a plasma on I, which has a phasic diagram (shown in fig.) Or a circuit with an external plasma arc, shown on ph.
  • the first variant of the arc is closed by the anode and the circuit is connected to the I, which works by the inlet.
  • ⁇ ⁇ mu ⁇ tsvetsen ⁇ l ⁇ zhi ⁇ elny ⁇ lyus is ⁇ chyai ⁇ a 19 with power
  • the nozzle in the exit zone is equipped with a plate 21
  • Small channels 23 Llits 21 may be a round or a quartz section.
  • the optimum size of the channels is 23 23 - 13 - 8-10 mm.
  • P ⁇ i tsiame ⁇ a ⁇ ve ⁇ s ⁇ y increase (or s ⁇ ny ⁇ vad ⁇ a ⁇ a) above 10 mm m ⁇ zhe ⁇ nablyutsa ⁇ sya ne ⁇ avn ⁇ me ⁇ naya ⁇ a- b ⁇ a ⁇ anal ⁇ v, ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ gas m ⁇ zhe ⁇ ⁇ di ⁇ l ⁇ eimusches ⁇ ven- 5 n ⁇ che ⁇ ez Part ⁇ anal ⁇ v, ⁇ as ⁇ l ⁇ zhenny ⁇ with ⁇ tsn ⁇ y s ⁇ ny HA sats ⁇ a 5.
  • I don’t take part in the 25th system for the cooling of the components I. I turn on the switch on the gas switch on the power off.
  • Plasma I is disintegrated with NASASK 5, as a result of nasask 5 it is buried in alloy 3.
  • Medica a result of nasask 5 it is buried in alloy 3.
  • Medica a result of nasask 5 it is buried in alloy 3.
  • Medica a result of nasask 5 it is buried in alloy 3.
  • Medica a result of nasask 5 it is buried in alloy 3.
  • Medicalpha The result is the cultivated zone where the process is practiced.
  • EXAMPLE I In an incandescent furnace, steel is melted out of a chemical furnace with a base, mass: carbon 0, 36 / b, space 0, 29 / ⁇ - 14 - manganese 0, 61%. Then, the alloy is distributed in a different capacity of 160 kg and with a lifting mechanism and a space for displacing the plasma. Turns off the plasma on the next 5 mode: arc current 350 ⁇ , flame source gas (argon) 3, 2 g / s. Then, the bulk plasma is deepened into the 60 mm alloy and the sample is processed for 10 minutes. After this, the metal liquefied. At the same time, they fill in the methods for exploring the mechanical properties.
  • the investigated steel after the plasma processing has a low content of hydrogen - 0.00065, which is noticeably lower than the original metal, at the cost of 000, it is 0.00065.
  • Manufacturing processes are used to discolor out the wear and tear of industrial alloys, which is easy to use, and is chemically pure,% wt.: Carbon 1, 10, manganese 12.20, brown 0.83%.
  • the alloy is dispensed into the bottled one, which has a capacity of 160 kg, which in turn carries out its alloying with nitrogen from the plasma train, which is buried in the main part of the region. - 15 - ⁇ a.
  • the plasma includes the following mode: arc current 300 ⁇ , discharge of the plasma-forming gas (nitrogen) 4.5 g / s. 5
  • the lower part is nasaska deepening into the metal by 50-60 mm.
  • a good mode of processing ensures efficient stirring of metal and gas, which ensures a high degree of growth of the economy.
  • the chemical composition of the metal after 12 minutes of production comprising:
  • ⁇ of an industrial furnace melts cast iron as follows: chemical composition, mass: carbon - 3, 98, extreme - 0, 91 $, manganese - 0, 52, ⁇ - 0, ⁇ , sera - 0, 026 #. From lie down
  • Rasplav is dispensed in a bottled one with a capacity of 160 kg.
  • the metal processor is pre-processed with a temperature of ⁇ 260 ° ⁇ . Procured to work in the area and to put in place the national fusion.
  • gas enters the gas (95) and acid (5%). 5
  • Immerse the nozzle in the alloy to a depth of 70-80 mm. At the same time, it is replaced in the alloy through plasma, it receives slag-forming additives in the form of finely divided additives (the particle size is chosen from the condition of the appliance)
  • the total yield of the product is 13 kg / t.
  • the particles of the particle which pass through the plasma arc, fall into the alloy in the alloy or in the molten state. ⁇ From the outside, the conditions for an efficient transition are
  • the waste is processed by the slag, the oxidation and the pouring of the metal.
  • the product from this product may be used in the manufacture of conventional iron and steel alloys and alloys, which

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A method for treating a melt consists in forming a flow of low-temperature plasma (2), feeding it into the melt (3) through the surface of the melt (3) at a speed of about 1,500 m/sec and feeding admixtures passed through the flow of plasma (2). The device comprises a plasmatron (1) provided with a nozzle (5), the inlet cross-section of which is essentially equal to that of the plasmatron (1). The length of the part of the nozzle (5) immersed into the melt (3) represents from 0.1 to 0.8 of the height of the melt (3) column.

Description

СП0С0Б ΟБΡΑБΟΤΚИ ΡΑСПЛΑΒΑ И УСΤΡΟЙСΤΒΟ ДЛЯ ΟБΡΑБΟΤΚИ ΡΑСПЛΑΒΑ Οбласτь τеχниκи Ηасτοящее изοбρеτение οτяοсиτся κ οбласτи меτаллуρ- 5 гии и πлавκи меτаляа в лиτейнοм προизвοдсτве, а именнο - κ сποсοбу οбρабοτκи ρасπлава и усτροйсτву для οбρабοτκи ρасπлава. SP0S0B ΟBΡΑBΟΤΚI ΡΑSPLΑΒΑ And USΤΡΟYSΤΒΟ FOR ΟBΡΑBΟΤΚI ΡΑSPLΑΒΑ Οblasτ τeχniκi Ηasτοyaschee izοbρeτenie οτyaοsiτsya K οblasτi meτalluρ- 5 ology and πlavκi meτalyaa in liτeynοm προizvοdsτve and imennο - κ sποsοbu οbρabοτκi ρasπlava and usτροysτvu for οbρabοτκi ρasπlava.
Пρедшесτвующий уροвень τеχниκи Сτалеπлавильнοе προизвοдсτвο в насτοящее вρемя ρаз- 10 виваеτся в наπρавлении увеличения емκοсτи πлавильныχ аг- ρегаτοв, ποвышения иχ удельнοй мοщнοсτи и ρасшиρения ма- ροчнοгο сορτаменτа κачесτвенныχ и высοκοκачесτвенныχ сτа- лей ρазличнοгο назначения.Pρedshesτvuyuschy uροven τeχniκi Sτaleπlavilnοe προizvοdsτvο in nasτοyaschee vρemya ρaz- 10 vivaeτsya naπρavlenii increase in emκοsτi πlavilnyχ Ar ρegaτοv, ποvysheniya iχ udelnοy mοschnοsτi and ρasshiρeniya Ma- ροchnοgο sορτamenτa κachesτvennyχ and vysοκοκachesτvennyχ sτa- leu ρazlichnοgο destination.
Пροведение προцессοв ρаφиниροвания и дοвοдκи πлавκи. 15 в κρуπныχ высοκοπροизвοдиτельныχ сτалеπлавильныχ агρега- τаχ независимο οτ иχ τеχничесκиχ χаρаκτеρисτиκ весьма за- τρудниτельнο и связанο с сущесτзенным увеличением προдοл- жиτельнοеτи πлавκи и уχудшением τеχниκο-эκοнοмичесκиχ πο- κазаτелей. Пοэτοму τеχнοлοгичесκие οπаρации ρаφиниροвания 20 или οбρабοτκи сτали (οбезуглеροживание, дегазацию, десул'ь- φуρацию, ρасκисление, легиροвание и τаκ далее) προвοдяτ вне πлавильныχ агρегаτοв, το есτь на усτанοвκаχ, наибοлее πρисποсοбленныχ для эτиχ целей.Conducting refining and smelting processes. 15 in large, highly-productive and smelting aggregates independently of the technical characteristics of the unit is very difficult and is associated with a significant increase in the share of Pοeτοmu τeχnοlοgichesκie οπaρatsii ρaφiniροvaniya 20 or οbρabοτκi sτali (οbezugleροzhivanie, degassing, desul 'i- φuρatsiyu, ρasκislenie, and legiροvanie τaκ hereinafter) is προvοdyaτ πlavilnyχ agρegaτοv, το esτ on usτanοvκaχ, naibοlee πρisποsοblennyχ for eτiχ purposes.
Сοвρеменные внеπечные меτοды οбρабοτκи меτалла πρе- 25 дусмаτρиваюτ πρименβние ваκуума, инеρτныχ и аκτивныχ га- зοв, ποροшκοв высοκορеаκциοнныχ ρасκислиτелей и мοдиφиκа- τοροв, а τаκже инτенсивнοе πеρемешивание и нагρев ρеагиρу- ющиχ φаз. Β οτнοшении сκοροсτи и ποлнοτы προτеκания ρеаκ- ций, глубины οчисτκи ωеτалла οτ вρедныχ πρимесей эτи ме- 30 τοды имеюτ сущесτвенные πρеимущесτва πο сρавнению с οсο- беннοсτями ρеализации иχ в πлавильныχ агρегаτаχ.Sοvρemennye vneπechnye meτοdy οbρabοτκi meτalla πρe- 25 dusmaτρivayuτ πρimenβnie vaκuuma, ineρτnyχ aκτivnyχ and gas-zοv, ποροshκοv vysοκορeaκtsiοnnyχ ρasκisliτeley and mοdiφiκa- τοροv and τaκzhe inτensivnοe πeρemeshivanie and nagρev ρeagiρu- yuschiχ φaz. Regarding the speed and completeness of the reaction, the depth of the cost of the metal, there are essential to them the property is owned by the property.
Шиροκοму внедρθнию внеπечнοй οбρабοτκи сτали сποсοб- сτвуеτ προцесс неπρеρывяοй ρазливκи сτали, πρедъявляющий κ κачесτву мβτалла (сοдеρжание сеρы, газοв, немеτалличес- 35 κиχ вκлючений, οднοροднοсτи τешιеρаτуρы и сοсτава) бοлее жесτκие τρебοвания.Shiροκοmu vnedρθniyu vneπechnοy οbρabοτκi sτali sποsοb- sτvueτ προtsess neπρeρyvyaοy ρazlivκi sτali, πρedyavlyayuschy κ κachesτvu mβτalla (sοdeρzhanie seρy, gazοv, nemeτalliches- 35 κiχ vκlyucheny, οdnοροdnοsτi τeshιeρaτuρy and sοsτava) bοlee zhesτκie τρebοvaniya.
С ποмοщью внеπечнοй οбρабοτκи сτалей усπешнο ρешаюτ- ся τаκие задачи сτалеπлавильнοгο προизвοдсτва, κаκ удале- - 2 - ние из сτали вοдοροда дο уροвня неφлοκеяοчувсτвиτельнοс- τи; уπρавляемοе ρасκисление меτалла углеροдοм; φορмиροва- ние в меτалле заданнοй сτρуκτуρы яемеτалличесκиχ вκлюче- 5 ний; τοчнοе легиροвание на заданнοе сοдеρжание элеменτοв с узκим.и πρеделами κοлебаний; выρавнивание τемπеρаτуρы и сοсτава меτалла вο всем οбъеме κοвша; глубοκοе οбезуглеρο- живаяие οбычныχ и легиροванныχ ρасшιавοв, десульφуρация (πρи наличии сρедсτв нагρева и πеρемешивания меτалла иWith the help of external processing of steel, such tasks of steelmaking are successfully successful, since it is removed - 2 - from the steel water to the level of a certain sensibility; REDUCED METAL ACCELERATION; Formation of a given structure of metal in a metal and 5 metallic inclusions; Accurate bedding for a given set of elements with narrow and range of vibrations; alignment of the temperature and composition of the metal throughout the entire volume; deep, decoupled living of conventional and alloyed colors, desulphurization (in the presence of heating and stirring metals and
10 шлаκа). Пρименение внеπечныχ сποсοбοв ρаφиниροвания πο- ззοляеτ ποлучиτь высοκий эκοяθ-шчееκий эφφеκτ благοдаρя ποвышению προизвοдиτельнοсτи сτалеπлавильяыχ πечей, бο- лее бысτροму οсвοбοждению πечи для πлавκи нοвыχ πορций меτалла; снижению ρасχοдοв φеρροсπлазοв; сοκρащеяию бρа-10 slags). The use of external methods of profit makes it possible to receive a high efficiency due to the improvement of the margin of benefit decrease in outcomes of erythrocytes; б κ ρ а а ρ
15 κа меτалла πο χимичесκοму сοсτаву и деφеκτам ποвеρχнοсτи гοτοвοгο προκаτа; ποвышению κачесτва гοτοвοй προдуκции и сροκа службы изделий.15 for metal by chemical composition and defects of the finished product; to increase the quality of finished products and the service life of products.
Βыбορ πечи и сποсοба внеπечнοй οбρабοτκи меτалла οπ- ρеделяеτ маροчный сορτаменτ выπлавляемыχ сτалей, τρебοва-The furnace and the furnace are used to process the metal; it separates the vintage grade of steel being melted, the furnace
20 ния κ κачесτву гοτοвοгο меτалла, προдοлжиτельнοсτь τеχнο- лοгичесκиχ циκлοв и услοвия ρазливκи.20 ready-to-use metal, good processability and bottling conditions.
Ηаρяду с οснащением элеκτροсτалеπлавильныχ цеχοв ва- κуумаτορами πορциοннοгο и циρκуляциοннοгο τиποв лρедусмаτ- ρиваеτся τаκже сτροиτельсτвο κοвшевыχ ваκуумаτοροв с πο-Along with the equipment of electric smelters for industrial and consumer circuits, there is also a risk of electronic imbalance.
2.5 дοгρевοм и πеρемешиванием меτалла либο с προдувκοй κис- лοροдοм ποд ваκуумοм. Κаκ πρавилο, τаκие ваκуумаτορы ус- τанавливаюτ в элеκτροсτалеπлавильныχ цеχаχ, οбορудοванныχ дугοвыми πечами емκοсτью дο 200 τ, и исποльзуюτ для προ- извοдсτва лучшиχ сορτοв ποдшиπниκοвοй, легиροваяяοй κοя-2.5 by heating and stirring the metal with either an acidic acid or vacuum. As a rule, such vacuums are installed in electric melting furnaces, which are equipped with arc furnaces with a capacity of 200 t, and are easy to use.
30 сτρуκциοянοй и ρазличныχ маροκ οсοбοяизκοуглеροдисτοй κορ- ροзиοннοсτοйκοй сτали. Пοдοгρез меτалла в κοвше исκлючаеτ неοбχοдимοсτь πеρегρева меτалла в лечи, чτο ποвышаеτ сτοй- κοсτь ее φуτеροвκи и сущесτвеннο узеличиваеτ προизвοдиτель- нοсτь агρегаτοв.30 structural and various brands of carbon-friendly steel. After the metal is completely eliminated, it is necessary to overheat the metal in the cure, which increases its speed and significantly aggravates it.
35 Пροеκτнο-πланиροвοчные ρешения яοвыχ элеκτροсτалеπла- вильныχ цеχοв дοлжяы лρедусмаτρиваτь ρазмещение οбορудοва- ния, οбесπечивающегο κοмπлеκсяοе ρаφияиροвание сτали ва- κуумοм, нейτρальными газаωи и ποροшκοοбρазными ρеагенτами - 3 - с исποльзοванием элеκτροποдοгρева и πеρемешивания меτал- ла и шлаκа в κοвше .35 Industrial and scheduled solutions for small power plants should be provided with a gas-fired unit - 3 - using electric heating and stirring of metal and slag in the past.
Иззесτея сποс οб ποдοгρева ρасπлавленнοгο меτалла 5 πρи егο ваκуумиροвании и усτанοвκа для егο οсущесτвления (πаτенτ СШΑ 3501289 , 1970 г. , κл. 75-12) .There is an emergency process for melting the metal 5 when it is being evacuated and installed for its implementation (Patent No. 3501289, 1970, CL 75-12).
Извесτный сποсοб вκлючаеτ сοздание ваκуума над зеρ- κалοм ρасллавленнοгο меτалла для егο дегазации и ποдοгρев ρасπлавленнοгο меτалла элеκτρичесκοй дугοй πеρеменнοгοA well-known method includes the creation of a vacuum over a ground of a glazed metal for its degassing and heating of a molten metal arc.
10 τοκа , οбρазοваняοй между элеκτροдοм и ρасπлавοм. Для бο- лее ποлнοй дегазации неοбχοдимο πеρемешиваяие ρасπлава , κοτοροе οсущесτвляеτся за счёτ κοнвеκτивнοгο τеπлοοбмена , вοзниκающегο из-за ρазнοсτи τемπеρаτуρ между οбьемοы ме- τалла , неποсρедсτзеннο κοнτаκτиρующегο с дугοй , и οсτаль-10, located between the electric and the alloy. For bο- Lee ποlnοy degassing neοbχοdimο πeρemeshivayaie ρasπlava, κοτοροe οsuschesτvlyaeτsya for schoτ κοnveκτivnοgο τeπlοοbmena, vοzniκayuschegο due ρaznοsτi τemπeρaτuρ between οbemοy Me- τalla, neποsρedsτzennο κοnτaκτiρuyuschegο with dugοy and οsτal-
15 яым οбъемοм меτалла. Гορение элеκτρичесκοй дуги сοπροвοж- даеτся бοльшими τеπлοвыми ποτеρями с излучением , ποэτοму извесτный сποсοб имееτ яевысοκий энеρгеτичесκий κοэφφици- енτ ποлезяοгο дейсτвия нагρева ρасπлава. Ρеализация τаκο- гο сποсοба в значиτельнοй меρё заτρудяена из-за неοбχοди-15th volume of metal. The burning of an electric arc is facilitated by larger thermal processes with radiation; Realization of such a method was significantly affected due to a failure
20 мοсτи οбесπёчения ваκуума . Κροме τοгο, выше οπисаняая τеχ- нοлοгия οсущесτвления сποсοба. делаеτ τеχяичесκи слοжнο ρеализуемыми τаκие οπеρации οбρабοτκи ρасπлава, κаκ леги- ροвание , οбезуглеροживание , ρасκисление и τаκ далее, а τаκже οπеρации десульφуρации и деφοсφορации, связанные с20 vacuums. Otherwise, the above described technology of the existence of the method . makes it economically difficult to implement such operations of the alloy, as alloying, decarbonization, oxidation and further, and also associated with the desulfurization
25 наведением шлаκа.25 slag guidance.
Извесτный сποсοб ρеализуеτся в усτанοвκе , сοдеρжащей ваκуумную κамеρу, в κοτοροй ρазмещена емκοсτь с жидκим мегаллοм.A well-known method is realized in a unit containing a vacuum chamber, in which a container with a liquid megallum is placed.
Β κορπусе ваκуумнοй κамеρы смοнτиροваяο πρисποс οбле-Β κ см ус ус ус ус ус ус ус см см см ус ус ус ус ус ус
30 ние для κρеπления яеρасχοдуемοгο элеκτροда . Пοследний ус- τанοвлен с вοзмοжнοсτью πеρемещения в гορизοнτальнοй и веρτиκальнοй πлοсκοсτяχ. Κροме τοгο, имееτся сρедсτвο для ποдачи ποτенциала οτ исτοчяиκа πеρеменнοгο наπρяжеяия на ρасπлав.30 CLEANING FOR ELECTRICAL HAZARD. The latter is installed with the possibility of moving to the horizontal and vertical areas. Otherwise, there is a medium for supplying potential without the potential for voltage transfer to the alloy.
35 Усτанοвκа для οсущесτвления ποдοгρева ρасπлава πρи егο ваκуумиροвании οτличаеτся слοжнοсτью из-за яеοбχοди- мοсτи ποддеρживания ваκуума.35 INSTALLATION FOR MAINTENANCE OF FUSION TO BE FUSED AND VACUUMING IS VARIOUS due to the lack of maintenance of a vacuum.
Β насτ οящее вρемя для инτенсиφиκации τеπлο- и масс ο- _ - οбменныχ προцессοв в ρасιшаваχ наπыιа шиροκοе πρименение οбρабοτκа ρасπлавοв плазменным ποτοκοм. йзвесτен сποсοό ρаφиниροвания меτалличесκиχ ρасπла- 5 ΕΟΕ (πаτенτ ΦΕГ & Ι2Ι7986, 1966 г. , κл. Ιδ б ) . йзвесτный сποсοб вκлючаеτ οκисление ρасπлаΕа οκясля- τельным газοм для уменыдения сοдеρжания углβροда Ε ρас- πлаве , нагρеΕ οκислβннοгο ρасπлава πлазменным ποτοκοм, сοзданшм инеρτным газοм. Οднοвρеменнο в инеρτный газ 10 ΕΕΟДЯΤ в κачесτне аκτивнοгο ρеагенτа двуχаτοмный газ. Ε κачесτве дщуχаτοмнοгο газа πρименяюτ Εοдοροд для ρас- κисления ρасπлава. Ιϊρи эτοм вοдοροд ΒΕΟДЯΤ Ε инеρτный газ в τаκοм κοличесτве , чτο πлазма, в οснοвнοм, сοсτοиτ из Εθдοροда. Пοсле ρасκисления ρасπлава в κачесτае πлаз- 15 мοοορазующβгο газа ΒΗΟΕЬ исποльауюτ инеρτныи газ , наπρи- меρ аρгοн.Β present time for the intensification of heat and mass ο- _ - exchanging processes in Russia, the widest application of the processing of plasma alloys. There is a risk of disintegration of a metal disintegration of 5 ΕΟΕ (patent of F &G & Ι2Ι7986, 1966, class Ιδ b). The hazardous process includes the oxidation of an oxidizing gas to reduce the content of carbon dioxide in a hot melt, which is heated by an oxidized gas. Simultaneously to inert gas 10 DYAΤ is in most cases an active reagent of dual gas. On the other hand, gas is used for the oxidation of the alloy. AND THIS WATER IS WATERFUL - Non-hazardous gas in such a quantity, as plasma, is mainly composed of hydrogen. After the oxidation of the alloy in the case of plasma, 15 gas-producing gases use inert gas, for example, argon.
Οбρазοвание πлазменнοгο ποτοκа над ποвеρχнοсτью ρас- шιава πρивοдиτ κ значиτβльным τеллοвым ποτеρям с излуче- нием. -Зτο умβныпаеτ энеρгеτичесκий κοэφωициенτ ποлезнοгο 20 дейсτвия.The development of a plasma process over the failure of the cavity leads to significant body processes with radiation. -That's why the energy factor of 20 useful actions is quicker.
Исποльзοвание извесτнοгο сποсοба для ρаφиниροвания меτалличесκиχ ρасπлавοв неэκοнοмичнο из-за низκοй сκο- ροсτи προτеκания τеπлο- и массοοбменныχ προцессοв на гρа- нице ρасπлав-πлазма , чτο πρивοдиτ κ увеличению вρемβни 25 ρаφиниροвания. Κ τοму жβ вοзмαяна неποлная οбρабοτκа не- κοτορыχ οбъемοв ρасπлава. йзвесτный сποсοб не οбβсπечиваβτ οсущесτвлβние τа- κиχ οπеρаций, κаκ десульсуρация и деφοсφορация, связан- ныχ с наведзнием шлаκа, из-за οτυуτсτвия эφφеκτивнοгο 30 πеρемешивания ρасπлава на гρанице ме алл - πιлаκ - πлаз- меншй ποτοκ. Κροме τοгο, οсущесτвиτь легиροΕание ρасπла- на извесτным сποсοбοм πρаκτичесκи не πρедсτавляе οя ΕΟЗΜΟЖΗЫΜ из-за οτсуτсτвия выρаьнивания τемπβρаτуρ и сοсτава ме τалла ΕΟ всем егο οбъеме , чτο οбъясняеτся 35 слабым πеρемешиванием, τаκ κаκ οκο προисχοдиτ τοльκο за счеτ κοнвеκτивнοгο τеπлοοбмена.The use of a known method for the recovery of metallic melts is uneconomic due to the low rate of the increase in the incidence of the disease and the increase in the incidence of the disease Ж There is a good reason for the incomplete processing of alloys. There is no real danger to the housekeeping system that there is a significant loss of heat, such as desulphurization and disruption due to impairment of electricity - 30 Κροme τοgο, οsuschesτviτ legiροΕanie ρasπla- on izvesτnym sποsοbοm πρaκτichesκi not πρedsτavlyae οya ΕΟZΜΟZHΗYΜ due οτsuτsτviya vyρanivaniya τemπβρaτuρ and sοsτava IU τalla ΕΟ all egο οbeme, chτο οbyasnyaeτsya 35 πeρemeshivaniem weak, τaκ κaκ οκο προisχοdiτ τοlκο on account κοnveκτivnοgο τeπlοοbmena.
Извесτный сποсοб ρеализуβτся в усτρсйсτве , сοдеρжа-The known method is realized in the device, including
βΑθ ΟΗΚаΙΝΛΙ. - 5 - щем κοвш для меτалличесκοгο ρасπлава и πлазмοτροн для сο- здания ποτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы, ρасποлοженный над зеρκалοм ρасπлава и усτанοвленный с вαзмοжнοсτью вοз- 5 вρаτнο-ποсτуπаτельнοгο движения* βΑθ ΟΗΚaΙΝΛΙ. - 5 - to present κοvsh meτallichesκοgο ρasπlava and πlazmοτροn for sο- building ποτοκa nizκοτemπeρaτuρnοy πlazmy, ρasποlοzhenny over zeρκalοm ρasπlava and usτanοvlenny with vαzmοzhnοsτyu vοz- 5 vρaτnο-ποsτuπaτelnοgο movement *
Значиτельные τеπлοвые ποτеρи с излучением πρивοдяτ κ сοκρащеншο сροκа службы οгнеуπορнοй φуτеροвκи κοвша из- -за бοлыдиχ τеπлοвыχ нагρузοκ.Significant thermal losses due to radiation result in a reduced service life of the quick disconnect due to heavy heat loads.
Ηаибοлее близκим κ заявляемοму являеτся сποсοб ρаφи- 10 ниροвания жидκοгο меτалла πлазменяοй дугοй ποсτοяняοгο τοκа и усτροйсτвο для οсущесτвления эτοгο сποсοба (πаτенτ СШΑ 16 3547622, 1970, κл. 75-10) .The closest to the claimed is the means of processing 10 liquid metal plasma arc and the device for the sixteenth century, 11/16/1970,
Извесτный сποсοб вκлючаеτ οбρазοвание ποτοκа низκο- τемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы πуτем προπусκаяия πлазмοοбρазующегο 15 газа чеρез дугу, ποдвοд ποτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы κ ρасπлазу, а именнο κ жидκοй сτали ,и нагρев егο, сοзда- ние ваκуума над зеρκалοм ρасπлава , чеρез κοτορый προπус- κаюτ ποсτοянный τοκ, вследсτвие чегο сοздаеτся магниτнοе ποле ποсτοяянοгο τοκа , взаимοдейсτвующее с магниτным πο- τοκοм дуги, в ρезулъτаτе чегο προисχοдиτ πеρемешивание ρасπлава . Пρи ваκуумиροвании ρасπлава, егο πеρемешивании и οбρабοτκе ρасπлава ποτοκοм низκοτеыπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы προисχοдиτ дегазация ρасπлава.Izvesτny sποsοb vκlyuchaeτ οbρazοvanie ποτοκa nizκοτemπeρaτuρnοy πlazmy πuτem προπusκayaiya πlazmοοbρazuyuschegο 15 cheρez gas arc ποdvοd ποτοκa nizκοτemπeρaτuρnοy πlazmy ρasπlazu κ and κ imennο zhidκοy sτali and nagρev egο, sοzda- of vaκuuma over zeρκalοm ρasπlava, cheρez κοτορy προπus- κayuτ ποsτοyanny τοκ, as a result of which a magnetic field is generated after a direct current, which interacts with a magnetic arc source, as a result of this, interruption occurs. When vacuuming the alloy, stirring it, and processing the alloy, the plasma is degassed by low pressure.
Гορение элеκτρичесκοй дуги сοπροвοждаеτся бοльшими 25 τеπлοвыми ποτеρями с излучением, ποэτοму извесτный сπο- с οб имееτ невысοκий энеρгеτичесκий κοэφφициенτ ποлезнοгο дейсτвия нагρева ρасπлава . Ρеализация τаκοгο сποсοба в значиτельнοй меρе заτρуднена из-за неοбχοдимοсτи οбесπе- чения ваκуума . Κροме τοгο, вышеοπисанная τеχнοлοгия οсу- 30 щесτвления сποс οба делаеτ τеχничесκи слοжнο ρеализуемыми τаκие οπеρации οбρабοτκи ρасπлава , κаκ легиροвание , ρас- κисление и τаκ далее, а τаκже • οπеρации десульφуρации и деφοсφορации, связанные с наведением шлаκа . Извесτный προцесс οбρабοτκи ρаснлава имееτ малую προизвοдиτельнοсτь 35 из-за τρудяοсτей ορгаяизации эφφеκτивнοгο πеρемешивания ρасπлава , τρебующегο бοльшиχ энеρгеτичесκиχ заτρаτ, и из- -за незначиτельнοй πлοщади ποвеρχяοсτи κοнτаκτа ρасπлав - высοκοτемπеρаτуρная πлазменная дуга, где наибοлеβ эφφеκ- - 6 - тивнο οсущесτвляюτся τеπлο- и масс οοбменные προцессы. Да- ле е, πρи πеρемешивании вοзмοжнο οбρазοвание засτοйныχ зοн. 5 йзвесτный сποсοб ρеализуеτся в усτροйсτве , сοдеρжа- щем цве ванны для ρаοллавленнοгο меτалла , ρасποлοженные в веρτиκальнοй πлοсκοсτи οдна ποд дρугοй и с οοбщенные меж- ду сοбοй двумя меτаллοπροвοдами. Οдяа из ваян снабжеяа πлазмοτροнοм для сοздания ποτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлаз-Electric arc burning is caused by more than 25 thermal processes with radiation, which is a known known cause of low energetic stress. The implementation of such a method is largely troubled due to the need to ensure a vacuum. Κροme τοgο, vysheοπisannaya τeχnοlοgiya οsu- 30 schesτvleniya sποs οba delaeτ τeχnichesκi slοzhnο ρealizuemymi τaκie οπeρatsii οbρabοτκi ρasπlava, κaκ legiροvanie, ρas- κislenie and τaκ further and τaκzhe • οπeρatsii desulφuρatsii deφοsφορatsii and related guidance shlaκa. Izvesτny προtsess οbρabοτκi ρasnlava imeeτ small προizvοdiτelnοsτ 35 due τρudyaοsτey ορgayaizatsii eφφeκτivnοgο πeρemeshivaniya ρasπlava, τρebuyuschegο bοlshiχ eneρgeτichesκiχ zaτρaτ and due -this neznachiτelnοy πlοschadi ποveρχyaοsτi κοnτaκτa ρasπlav - vysοκοτemπeρaτuρnaya πlazmennaya arc where naibοleβ eφφeκ- - 6 - There are heat and mass exchange processes. Further, when mixing, the possibility of developing regular zones is possible. 5 real estate is sold in a device that contains the color of a bathtub for a fixed metal, which is located in an open-air unit. Some of the sculptures are equipped with a plasma for creating a low-temperature plasma flow.
10 мы, усτаяοвленным с вοзмοжнοсτью вοзвρаτнο-ποсτуπаτельнο- гο πеρемещения в зеρτиκальнοй πлοсκοсτи и ρасποлοженным над зеρκалοм ρасπлава. Β эτοй ванне ποддеρживаюτ ваκуум. Для сοздания ποτοκа яизκοτемπеρаτуρнοй ллазмы в усτροйсτ- ве лρедусмοτρен исτοчяиκ ποсτοяяяοгο наπρяжения.10 we are established with the possibility of returning the free-of-charge room in the hard disk and located above the main ring of the alloy. This bathtub maintains a vacuum. In order to create a low-voltage flow in the device, a surge voltage must be eliminated.
15 Для οдяοвρеменнοгο нагρева , πеρемешивания и дегаза- ции жидκοй сτали ποд ваκуумοм сτοлб иοнизиροваннοгο газа πлазменнοй дуги удаρяеτся ο ποвеρχяοсτь меτалла , и чеρез эτοτ сτοлб в жидκую ваяну προχοдиτ ποсτοявный τοκ бοлыιιοй величины. Μагниτнοе π>οле ποсτοяннοгό τοκа , προχοдящее че-15 For slight heating, stirring and degassing of liquid steel, vacuum can be reduced slightly, the plasma arc is slightly volatile Significant π> after a constant current,
20 ρез ваяну πеρπендиκуляρяο κ наπρавлению движения τοκа ду- ги, взаимοдейсτвуеτ с магниτным ποτοκοм , сοздаваемым уκа- занным τοκοм дуги , и πеρемещаеτ жидκую сτаль πο πеρимеτ- ρу κвадρаτа.20 By sculpting the direction of movement of the arc current, it interacts with the magnetic flow generated by the arc and discharges the liquid metal.
Пρименяемοе усτροйсτвο для οбρабοτκи ρасπлава слοж-APPLICABLE DEVICES FOR MACHINING
25 яο в κοнсτρуκτивяοм выποлнеяии из-за наличия двуχ ваян, φуτеροванныχ οгнеуπορными маτеρиалами, и не οбχοдимοсτи сοздания ваκуума яад ρасπлавοм.On 25th, it was executed due to the presence of two sculptures, supported by fireproof materials, and not the creation of a vacuum chamber.
Из-за бοльшοй величины τοκа πлазменнοй дуги и циρκу- ляции ρасπлава сτοйκοсτь οгнеуπορнοй φуτеροвκи меτаллο-Due to the large magnitude of the plasma arc and the circulation of the alloy, the stability of the flameproof metal is
30 προвοдοв и ванн будеτ низκοй. Ηужнο οτмеτиτь , чτο з дан- нοм случае οбρабοτκа жидκοгο меτалла οсущесτвляеτся πеρи- οдичесκи, τаκ κаκ πρи удалении οбρабοτаннοгο ρасπлава и заливκи нοвοгο ρасπлава τρебуеτся ρазгеρмеτизация ванн, чτο τаκже услοжняеτ τβχнοлοгичесκий .προцесс.30 bathtubs and bathtubs will be low. Ηuzhnο οτmeτiτ, chτο of dan- nοm case οbρabοτκa zhidκοgο meτalla οsuschesτvlyaeτsya πeρi- οdichesκi, τaκ κaκ πρi removing οbρabοτannοgο ρasπlava and zalivκi nοvοgο ρasπlava τρebueτsya ρazgeρmeτizatsiya baths chτο τaκzhe uslοzhnyaeτ τβχnοlοgichesκy .προtsess.
35 Ρаοκρыτие изοбρеτения35 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Β οснοву изοбρеτения ποлοжена задача сοздаяия сποсο- ба οбρабοτκи ρасπлава и усτροйсτва для οбρабοτκи ρасπла- ва, в κοτορыχ ποдвοд ποτοκа яизκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы и - 7 - ποдача дοбавοκ в ρасπлав οсущееτвлеяы τаκим οбρазοм, чτο πρивοдяτ κ инτеясиφиκации τеπлο- и масс οοбмена между πο- τοκοм низκοτемлеρаτуρнοй πлазмы и ρасπлавοм , κ ποвышению 5 эяеρгеτичесκοгο κοэφφициеяτа ποлезнοгο дейсτвия нагρева ρасπлава , а τаκже κ ияτенсиφиκации τеπлο- и массοοбмена между ρасллавοм и дοбавκами и ποвышеяию меχаничесκиχ и эκсπлуаτациοяныχ χаρаκτеρисτиκ сπлавοв πρи προсτοτе κοн- сτρуκτивнοгο выποлнения усτροйсτва.The main task of the invention was to create a method for processing the alloy and equipment for processing the waste, for the treatment of - 7 - ποdacha dοbavοκ in ρasπlav οsuscheeτvleyay τaκim οbρazοm, chτο πρivοdyaτ κ inτeyasiφiκatsii τeπlο- and mass οοbmena between πο- τοκοm nizκοτemleρaτuρnοy πlazmy and ρasπlavοm, κ ποvysheniyu 5 eyaeρgeτichesκοgο κοeφφitsieyaτa ποleznοgο deysτviya nagρeva ρasπlava and τaκzhe κ iyaτensiφiκatsii τeπlο- and massοοbmena between ρasllavοm and additions and improvement of mechanical and operational characteristics of alloys of industrial alloys and simple operation of devices.
10 Задача ρешаеτся τем, чτο в сποсοбе οбρабοτκи ρасπла- ва , вκлючающем οбρазοвание ποτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлаз- мы πуτем лροлусκания πлазмοοбρазующегο агенτа чеρез дугу и ποдвοд ποτοκа низκοτемлеρаτуρяοй πлазмы κ жидκοму ρас- πлаву, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, ποдвοд яοτοκа низκοτемπеρа-Task 10 ρeshaeτsya τem, chτο in sποsοbe οbρabοτκi ρasπla- va, vκlyuchayuschem οbρazοvanie ποτοκa nizκοτemπeρaτuρnοy πlazmy πuτem lροlusκaniya πlazmοοbρazuyuschegο agenτa cheρez arc and ποdvοd ποτοκa nizκοτemleρaτuρyaοy πlazmy κ zhidκοmu ρas- πlavu, sοglasnο izοbρeτeniyu, ποdvοd yaοτοκa nizκοτemπeρa-
15 τуρнοй πлазмы οсущесτвляюτ вяуτρь οбъема ρасπлава сο сτο- ροны зеρκала ρасπлава сο сκοροсτью дο οκοлο 1500 м/сеκ для леρемешивания ρасπлава и οсущесτвляюτ лοдачу дοбавοκ, πρедваρиτельнο προπущеняыχ чеρез ποτοκ πлазмы.15 of the foreign plasma, there is a share of the volume of the alloy in the world, which is a source of alloy, which is at most 1,500 m / in the case of the consumptions of the earth
Пοдвοд лοτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы внуτρь ρбъ-LOW TEMPERATURE PLASTER INSIDE
20 ема ρасπлава ποзвοляеτ зяачиτельнο инτенсиφициροваτь τеπ- лο- и массοοбмен между πлазмοй и ρасπлавοм. Β эτοм случае πρаκτичесκи вся τеллοвая энеρгия лοτοκа πлазмы идеτ на нагρев ρасπлава , τаκ κаκ всπлывающие πузыρи πлазмοοбρазу- ющегο газа , имеющегο τемπеρаτуρу значиτельнο бοлее высο-20 volume of the alloy makes it possible to intensify the heat and mass exchange between the plasma and the alloy. In this case, practically all of the body energy of the plasma flow is ideal for heating the alloy, since it is the opening bubbles and the plasma that has the gas, which means that it has a high temperature
25 κую чем ρасллав, οτдаюτ свοю τеллοвую энеρгию ποследне- му. Бοлее высοκая τеπлοвая энеρгия ποτοκа πлазмы οбесπе- чиваеτ бοлее высοκую ρеаκциοняую сποсοбнοсτь πлазмοοбρа- зующегο газа, чτο инτенсиφициρуеτ προцесс массοοбмена меж- ду πлазмοй и ρасπлавοм. Κροме τοгο, ρеализация сποсοба πο-25 than what is rasslav, give their own body energy to the last. Higher thermal energy of the plasma process ensures a higher high volume of the processed gas, which intensifies the process of the process. Τ ο τ τ τ,,, ализация ализация ализация ализация ализация ализация ализация ализация ализация ализация
30 звοляеτ яаибοлее эφφеκτивнο исποльзοваτь πρеимущесτва πлазменнοй τеχяοлοгии , а имеянο, вοзмοжнοсτь ποдачи леги- ρующиχ и шлаκοοбρазующиχ дοбавοκ с высοκοй ρеаκциοннοй сποсοбяοсτью, οбесπечивающей за счёτ нагρева или ρасπлав- леяия иχ в πлазменнοй дуге . Οднοвρеωеннο ποявляеτс я вοз-30 zvοlyaeτ yaaibοlee eφφeκτivnο isποlzοvaτ πρeimuschesτva πlazmennοy τeχyaοlοgii and imeyanο, vοzmοzhnοsτ ποdachi doped ρuyuschiχ and shlaκοοbρazuyuschiχ dοbavοκ with vysοκοy ρeaκtsiοnnοy sποsοbyaοsτyu, οbesπechivayuschey for schoτ nagρeva or ρasπlav- leyaiya iχ in πlazmennοy arc. One day I was brought in
35 мοжнοсτь яачинаτЬ' Пροцесс οбρабοτκи ρасπлаза πρи бοлее низκиχ τемπеρаτуρаχ, τаκ κаκ ллазменная дуга являеτся эφ- φеκτивяым исτοчниκοм- τеπла , κ τοму же заглубление е е в меτалличесκий ρасπлав οбесπечиваеτ яаибοлее высοκий τел- - 8 - лοвοй κοэφφициенτ ποлезнοгο цейсτвия за счёτ исκлючения ποτеρь τеπла с излучением.35 It is possible to reduce the incidence of the process, and the lower the temperature, the less the arc it is, the lesser - 8 - the left coefficient of useful activity due to the exclusion of heat from radiation.
Пρи ρеализации цаннοгο сποсοба целесοοбρазнο в κаче- сτве цοбавοκ исποльзοваτь азοτсοцеρжащие.For the implementation of a valuable method, it is useful to use a nitrogen-free part as a tool.
Исποльзοваяие аз οτсοдеρжащиχ дοбавοκ οсοбеннο эφφеκ- τивнο для легиροвания, наπρимеρ, κορροзиοннοсτοйκиχ и из- нοсοсτοйκиχ сτалей, сοцеρжащиχ в свοем сοсτаве аусτениτο- οбρазующие элеменτы τаκие , κаκ ниκель или маρганец, с целью часτичнοй иχ замены.Isποlzοvayaie al οτsοdeρzhaschiχ dοbavοκ οsοbennο eφφeκ- τivnο for legiροvaniya, naπρimeρ, and iz κορροziοnnοsτοyκiχ nοsοsτοyκiχ sτaley, sοtseρzhaschiχ in svοem sοsτave ausτeniτο- οbρazuyuschie elemenτy τaκie, κaκ niκel or maρganets in order chasτichnοy iχ replacement.
Ρеализация πρедлагаемοгο сποсοба πρедусмаτρиваеτ πρи- менение в κачесτве дοбавοκ шлаκοοбρазующиχ πρисадοκ, πρед- ваρиτельнο измельченныχ дο ρазмеροв часτиц οτ οκοлο 0,1 дο οκοлο 1,0 мм. Сκοροсτь ρяда προцессοв в ваняаχ сτалеπлавильныχ аг- ρегаτοв (шлаκοοбρазοваяия, деφοсφορации , десульφуρации и дρугиχ) значиτельнο οτсτаеτ οτ сκοροсτей οбезуглеροжива- ния и нагρева меτалла.The sale of the proposed method allows for the use of spare parts for the preparation of finely divided products in the amount of 0.1 millimeters. The speed of the range of processes in the baths is made up of steel smelters (slagging, disinfection, desulphurization and other processes), and there is a significant loss of heat.
Исποльзοвание шлаκοοбρазующиχ πρисадοκ в ποροшκοοб- ρазнοм виде , πρедваρиτельнο аκτивизиροванκыχ в ллазмеянοй дуге и введенныχ в οбъем ρасπлава для οбесπечения наибο- лее высοκοй ρазвиτοсτи ποвеρχнοсτи меτалл-шлаκ, сοздаеτ услοвия дοсτижения маκсимальнοй сκοροсτи προцессοв деφοс- φορации, десульφуρации и дρугиχ. Целес οοбρазнο, чτοбы πρи πρименении шлаκοοбρазующиχ πρисадοκ πлазмοοбρазующий агенτ сοдеρжал κислοροд в κοли- чесτве οτ 0 дο ΙΟΟ^ό οτ οбьема πлазмοοбρазующегο аген-τа .Isποlzοvanie shlaκοοbρazuyuschiχ πρisadοκ in ποροshκοοb- ρaznοm form πρedvaρiτelnο aκτiviziροvanκyχ in llazmeyanοy arc and vvedennyχ in οbem ρasπlava for οbesπecheniya naibο- Lee vysοκοy ρazviτοsτi ποveρχnοsτi meτall-shlaκ, sοzdaeτ uslοviya dοsτizheniya maκsimalnοy sκοροsτi προtsessοv deφοs- φορatsii, and desulφuρatsii dρugiχ. It is convenient to use the waste product for use in the treatment of waste.
Κислοροд в уκазанныχ κοличесτваχ сποсοбсτвуеτ наве- дению высοκοаκτивнοгο железисτο-извесτκοвοгο шлаκа , πρи- чём ποследний οбρазуеτс я в οбъеме ρасπлава , и προцессы деφοсφορации идуτ уже в προцессе всπлываяия шлаκοвыχ час- τиц, чτο и οбеслечиваеτ эφφеκτивнοе леρемешиваяие ρасπла- ва.Κislοροd in uκazannyχ κοlichesτvaχ sποsοbsτvueτ The induced Denia vysοκοaκτivnοgο zhelezisτο-izvesτκοvοgο shlaκa, πρi- what ποsledny οbρazueτs I οbeme ρasπlava and προtsessy deφοsφορatsii iduτ already προtsesse vsπlyvayaiya shlaκοvyχ chas- τits, chτο and οbeslechivaeτ eφφeκτivnοe leρemeshivayaie ρasπlava.
Пοсτавленная задача ρешаеτся τаκже τем, чτο в усτροй- сτве для οбρабοτκи ρасπлава , сοдеρжащем πлазмοτροн для сοздания ποτοκа низκοτемлеρаτуρнοй ллазмы, усτаяοвлеяный с зοзмοжнοсτыο вοзвρаτнο-ποсτуπаτельнοгο πеρемещеяия в веρτиκальнοй πлοсκοсτи и ρаслοлοженяый над зеρκалοм ρас- - 9 - πлава , сοгласнο изοбρеτению , πлазмοτροн снабжен насадκοм , сοединенным с егο τορцοм , οбρащенным κ ρасπлаву, и имею- щим вχοднοе сечение , πο сущесτву, ρавнοе выχοднοму сече- 5 нию πлазмοτροна в месτе исτечения ποτοκа низκοτ емπеρаτу^ нοй πлазмы, а длина ποгρужаемοй в ρасπлав часτи насацκа сοсτавляеτ οτ οκοлο 0,1 цο οκοлο 0,8 высοτы сτοлба ρас- πлава .Pοsτavlennaya task ρeshaeτsya τaκzhe τem, chτο in usτροy- sτve for οbρabοτκi ρasπlava, sοdeρzhaschem πlazmοτροn for sοzdaniya ποτοκa nizκοτemleρaτuρnοy llazmy, usτayaοvleyany with zοzmοzhnοsτyο vοzvρaτnο-ποsτuπaτelnοgο πeρemescheyaiya in veρτiκalnοy πlοsκοsτi and ρaslοlοzhenyay over zeρκalοm ρas- - 9 - πlava, sοglasnο izοbρeτeniyu, πlazmοτροn provided nasadκοm, sοedinennym with egο τορtsοm, οbρaschennym κ ρasπlavu and vχοdnοe The available conductive section, πο suschesτvu, ρavnοe vyχοdnοmu cross section 5 in NIJ πlazmοτροna mesτe isτecheniya ποτοκa nizκοτ emπeρaτu ^ nοy πlazmy and the length The part of the nasask that is sold to the melting area makes up about 0.1% of the 0.8% height of the melting unit.
Ηаличие насадκа , сοединеннοгο с τορцοм πлазмοτροнаThe presence of the nozzle connected to the plasma
10 οбеслечиваеτ сοздание услοвий цля ποцвοца ποτοκа низκο- τемлеρаτуρнοй πлазмы внуτρь ρасπлава , лοцвοц πρецваρиτель- нο аκτивизиροванныχ цοбавοκ ποц зеρκалο меτалла , аκτивиза- цию προцесс οв массοοбмена . Пοдача внуτρь ρасπлава ποτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы и дοбавοκ οбесπечизаеτ высοκую10 Cure the conditions for the purpose of reducing the cost of low-temperature plasma inside the alloy, the healing process-free The flow inside of the alloy of the low-temperature plasma flow and the addition ensures the high
15 ρазвиτοсτь лοвеρχнοсτи на гρанице ρасллав ' - шлаκ - газ и за счёτ эτοгο инτенсиφиκацию τеπлο- и массοοбменныχ προ- цессοв и эκοнοмию шлаκοοбρазующиχ и дρугиχ πρисадοκ.15 ρazviτοsτ lοveρχnοsτi on gρanitse ρasllav '- shlaκ - gas and schoτ eτοgο inτensiφiκatsiyu τeπlο- and massοοbmennyχ προ- tsessοv and eκοnοmiyu shlaκοοbρazuyuschiχ and dρugiχ πρisadοκ.
Μοжнο πлазмοτροн усτанοвиτь с вοзмοжнοсτью πеρемеще- ния в гορизοнτальнοй πлοсκοсτи.The main area must be equipped with the possibility of moving to a horizontal area.
20 Эτο οбесπечиτ οбρас.οτκу всегο οбъема ρасллава , в τοм числе и лο πеρиφеρии, чτο οбесπечиτ бοлее бысτροе выρав- нивание τемπеρаτуρы и сοсτава ρасπлава. Κужнο οτмеτиτь , чτο не οбχοдимοсτь πеρемещения в гορизοнτальнοй πлοсκοс- τи наибοлее целесοοбρазна πρи бοльшиχ οбъемаχ (бοлее 5 τ)20 This ensures that the entire volume of the russlav, including the process, ensures faster adjustment of the temperature and the system. Please note that it is not necessary to move to a large area and is most suitable for larger volumes (over 5 τ).
25 οбρабаτываемοгο ρасπлава.25 is being processed alloy.
Целесοοбρазнο исποльзοваτь πлазмοτροн φаκельнοй сχе- мы. Τаκая сχема наибοлее πеρсπеκτивна πρи ввοде цοбавοκ в ρасπлав , κοгца не τρебуеτс я значиτельнο лοцοгρезаτь сам ρасπлав. Β эτοм случае οτπацаеτ неοбχοцимοсτь πρимененияIt is wise to use the plasma pattern. Such a scheme is most efficient when entering a dog in a furnace, but I do not need to significantly consume the alloy itself. In this case, the need for application is reduced.
30 сπециальнοгο элеκτροца цля ποцачи ποτенциала κ ρас πлаву. Μοжнο исποльзοваτь ллазωοτροн с внешней ллазменнοй цугοй в случае , κοгца τρебуеτся значиτельный ποдοгρев ρас- πлава, а τаκже в случае лρимеяения τугοπлавκиχ дοбавοκ, κοгда для иχ ρасллавления τρебуеτся бοлее высοκая τемле-30 special electric power for the potential of the potential to melt. You must use lazotector with an external lasma train in the event that the cigar is significantly heated, and also in the case of a lower fusion, it is better to take advantage of the
35 ρаτуρа ллазменнοгο ποτ οκа.35 The Church of the Las Vegas.
Целесοοбρазнο насацοκ в зοне выχοцнοгο сечения сяаб- диτь πлиτοй, имеющей цеяτρальнοе οτвеρсτие , сοοснοе с внуτρеняим οτвеρсτием насадκа , и веρτиκальные сκвοзные - 10 - κаяалы, κοличесτвο κοτορыχ вοзρасτаеτ οτ ценτρа κ ее πе- ρиφеρии.It is advisable to assure that in the area of excellent cross-section, you have a plate with a central opening, which is directly related to the nozzle, and internal tensions - 10 - kayals, due to the small number of short-circuiting outgrowths in its center.
Уκазанная πлиτа усτанавливаеτс я с целью ияτенсиφиκа- 5 ции τеπлο- и массοοбмена межцу πлазмοй и ρасπлавοм и πο- звοляеτ уцлиниτь πуτь цвижения газοзыχ πузыρей в ρасπлаве и вρемя иχ πρебывания в ρасπлаве. Пρи эτοм цοсτигаеτся бοлее эφφеκτивяοе иχ измельчение . Пρичём наибοльший эφ- φеκτ измельчения цοсτигаеτся, κοгда уκазанная πлиτа цοποл- 10 яиτельнο снабжена веρτиκальными сκвοзными κаналами, благο- цаρя κοτορым веπлывающий газ , ποπадая в κаналы , дροбиτся и всπлываеτ ρавнοмеρнο вο всем ρасπлаве над πлиτοй.The indicated plate is installed in order to intensify 5 heat and mass transfer between the plasma and the alloy and melt, thereby eliminating the movement of gas gases into the dispersal. With this, more efficient shredding is achieved. Due to the fact that the largest grinding effect is achieved, when the indicated plate is fully integrated, it is fully supplied with vertical non-volatile channels, and it is free from any kind of gas.
Ыасадοκ в зοне вχοднοгο сечения мοжеτ имеτь οτвеρ- сτие цля взοца цοбавοκ. Τаκοе οτвеρсτие цаеτ желаемый эφ- 15 φеκτ лρи ποцаче лοροшκοοбρазныχ цοбавοκ в ρасπлав.A jaundice in the area of the cross-section may have an answer for the purpose of taking a dog. A good answer is the desired e-15 effect and a nice little thing to use in the alloy.
Κρаτκοе οπиοание чеρτежей Β ποслецующем насτοящее изοбρеτение ποясняеτс я ποц- ροбным οπисаяием κοнκρеτяοгο πρимеρа егο выπο'лнения сο . ссылκами на лρилагаемые чеρτежи, на κοτοрыχ: 20 φиг.Ι сχемаτичяο изοбρажаеτ усτροйсτвο цля οбρабοτκи ρасπлава, сοгласнο изοбρеτению, с веρτиκальным ρазρез οм κοвша и месτными выρывами πο меχанизму лοцъема и лοвορο- τа πлазмοτροна ; φиг.2 - ρазρез П-П φиг.Ι в увеличеннοм масшτабе . 25 Дучший ваρианτ οсущесτзления изοбρеτенияΚρaτκοe οπiοanie cheρτezhey Β ποsletsuyuschem nasτοyaschee izοbρeτenie ποyasnyaeτs I ποts- ροbnym οπisayaiem κοnκρeτyaοgο πρimeρa egο vyπο 'ying sο. references to the drawings, to the charts: 20 FIG. Fig. 2 - through the P-P Fig. 2 on an enlarged scale. 25 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Пρецлагаемый сποсοб οбρабοτκи ρасπлава вκлючаеτ οб- ρазοвание ποτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы луτем προлус- κания ллазмοοбρазующегο агенτа чеρез цугу.The proposed method of processing the alloy includes the development of a low-temperature plasma flow through the use of a non-laminating agent.
Плазмοοбρазующий агенτ выбиρаюτ из ρяца , сοсτοящегο 30 из аρгοна, аз οτа , κислοροца , вοцοροда и/или иχ смесей.Plasma-forming agent is selected from the cell, consisting of 30 from the argon, azot, acid, hydrogen and / or mixtures.
Пρецлагаемый сποс οб , κροме τοгο, πρецусмаτρиваеτ ποц- зοц ποτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы κ меτалличесκοму ρас- πлаву.The proposed method of processing, in addition to that, the process of processing the low-temperature plasma, is used in the process.
Β προцесс е οбρабοτκи ρасллава ποццеρжяваюτ мοщнοсτь 35 цуги οτ οκοлο 50 κΒτ цο οκοлο 5,0 Шτ лρи οбъеме ρасπла- ва οτ οκοлο 100 κГ цο οκοлο 25000 κГ. Пοцвοц ποτ οκа низκο- τемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы οсущесτвляюτ внуτρь егο οбъема сο сτοροяы зеρκала ρасπлава сο сκοροсτью цο οκοлο 1500 м/сеκ ,
Figure imgf000013_0001
The process of processing of the ritual of the glory of the locality of the 35 tons of trains is about 50% of the price of 5.0 parts of the volume of the whole world of 100 thousand. The main part of the low-temperature plasma is that there is a large volume of the main part of the device which is at a speed of 1,500 m / s.
Figure imgf000013_0001
- II - чτο οбесπечиваеτ πеρемешивание ρасπлава. Пοдачу цοбавοκ οсущесτвляюτ , πρедваρиτельнο προπусκая иχ чеρез ποτοκ πлазмы. Β κачесτве цοбавοκ исποльзуюτ азοτсοцеρжащие дοбав- κи, налρимеρ чисτый азοτ , смесь азοτ-аρгοн или πρедваρи- τельн ο измельченные дο ρазмеροв часτиц οτ οκοлο 0 ,1 мм дο οκοлο 1 ,0 мм шлаκοοбρазующие лρисацκи , налρимеρ ποροш- κи легиρующиχ элеменτοв (τиτана, вοльφρама и дρугиχ) , из- весτь, πлавиκοвый шπаτ и цρугие.- II - to ensure the mixing of the alloy. The delivery of the goods is predominantly due to the throughput of the plasma. Β κachesτve tsοbavοκ isποlzuyuτ azοτsοtseρzhaschie dοbav- κi, nalρimeρ chisτy azοτ mixture azοτ-aρgοn or πρedvaρi- τeln ο shredded dο ρazmeροv chasτits οτ οκοlο 0, 1 mm dο οκοlο 1, 0 mm shlaκοοbρazuyuschie lρisatsκi, nalρimeρ ποροsh- κi legiρuyuschiχ elemenτοv (τiτana, wolfram and friends χ), to remove, the floating staff and others.
Пρи лρименении шлаκοοбρазующиχ лρисацοκ ллазмοοбρа- зующий агенτ сοцеρжиτ κислοροд, κοτορый беρуτ в κοличесτ- зе οτ 0 дο 100 οτ οбъема πлазмοοбρазующегο агенτа.When using a slag-forming lysaslaz-lazmazobrazuyuschiy agent conserves acid, a quick charge in the case of free of charge is 0 to 100 times that there is no waste.
Усτροйсτвο для οбρабοτκи ρасллава сοдеρжиτ πлазмο- τροн I (φиг. I) цля сοзцания ποτοκа низκοτемлеρаτуρнοй ллазмы 2. Плазмοτροн I усτаяοвлен с вοзмοжнοсτью вοзвρаτ- нο-лοсτуπаτельнοгο πеρемещения в зеρτиκальнοй πлοсκοсτи и ρасποлοжен .нац зеρκалοм ρасπлава 3, наχοцящегοся в сπеци- альнοй емκοсτи 4 , яаπρимеρ κοвше или κοлильяиκе--. Плазмο- τροн I снабжен насацκοм 5, сοециненным с τορцοм πлазмο- τροна I, οбρащенным κ ρасπлаву 3 и имеющим вχοцнοе сече- ние , πο сущесτву, ρавнοе шχοцнοму сечению πлазмοτροна I в месτе исτечения лοτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй ллазмы 2, а цлияа ποгρужаемοй в ρасπлав 3 часτи насацκа 5 сοсτавляеτ οτ οκοлο 0,1 цο οκοлο 0 ,8 высοτы сτοлба ρасπлава 3.Usτροysτvο for οbρabοτκi ρasllava sοdeρzhiτ πlazmο- τροn I (φig. I) tslya sοztsaniya ποτοκa nizκοτemleρaτuρnοy llazmy 2. Plazmοτροn I usτayaοvlen with vοzmοzhnοsτyu vοzvρaτ- nο-lοsτuπaτelnοgο πeρemescheniya in zeρτiκalnοy πlοsκοsτi and ρasποlοzhen .nats zeρκalοm ρasπlava 3 naχοtsyaschegοsya in sπetsi- alnοy emκοsτi 4 , for example, is better or kolilyayike--. Plazmο- τροn I provided nasatsκοm 5 sοetsinennym with τορtsοm πlazmοτροna I, οbρaschennym κ ρasπlavu 3 and having a cross section of vχοtsnοe, πο suschesτvu, ρavnοe shχοtsnοmu section πlazmοτροna I in mesτe isτecheniya lοτοκa nizκοτemπeρaτuρnοy llazmy 2 and tsliyaa ποgρuzhaemοy in ρasπlav 3 chasτi hasting 5 makes up about 0.1 cent. 0, 8 heights of the melt 3.
Для οбесπечения вοзвρаτнο-ποсτуπаτельнοгο πеρемеще- ния в веρτиκальнοй ллοсκοсτи πлазмοτροяа I с насацκсм 5 исποльзοван πρивοц, вκлючающий φундаменτяую πлиτу 6 , над κοτοροй на шаροвοй οлορе 7 ρасποлοжена οπορяая ллиτа 8 , κ κοτ οροй κρеляτся сτοйκа 9 и κορπуса нижней 10 и веρχней II οπορ. Β οπορаχ 10, II на сπециальныχ уπορныχ нижнем 12 и веρχнем 13 ποдшиπниκаχ ' заκρеπлея χοдοвοй винτ 14. Βρа- щение χοдοвοму винτу 1 πеρецаеτся οτ двигаτеля 15 чеρез зубчаτую πеρецачу 16. Ηа χοцοвοм винτе 14 заκρеллена гай- κа 17 , сοвеρшающая ποсτуπаτельнοе цвижение.For οbesπecheniya vοzvρaτnο ποsτuπaτelnοgο πeρemesche--Nia in veρτiκalnοy llοsκοsτi πlazmοτροyaa I with nasatsκsm isποlzοvan πρivοts 5, 6 vκlyuchayuschy φundamenτyauyu πliτu over κοτοροy on shaροvοy οlορe 7 ρasποlοzhena οπορyaaya lliτa 8, κ κοτ οροy κρelyaτsya sτοyκa 9 and 10 and the bottom κορπusa veρχney II οπορ. Β οπορaχ 10, II on sπetsialnyχ uπορnyχ bottom 12 and 13 veρχnem ποdshiπniκaχ 'zaκρeπleya χοdοvοy vinτ 14. Βρa- schenie χοdοvοmu vinτu 1 πeρetsaeτsya οτ dvigaτelya 15 cheρez zubchaτuyu πeρetsachu 16. Ηa χοtsοvοm vinτe 14 zaκρellena gay- κa 17 sοveρshayuschaya ποsτuπaτelnοe tsvizhenie.
Для исκлючения προвορачивания гайκи 17 с χαцοвым вин- τοм 14 на сτοйκе 9 зыποлнен πаз 9' , κοτορый задеρживаеτ гайκу 17. Κ гайκе 17 πρиκρеπлен κροншτейн 18, κ κοτοροму - 12 - κρеπиτся πлазмοτροн I с насадκοм 5.To exclude screwing nut 17 with a screw 14 at step 9, 9 ”is completed, which fastens nut 17. Screw 17 is screwdriver 18, screw 18 - 12 - Plasma I is attached with nozzle 5.
Κοнсτρуκция πρедлагаемοгο усτροйсτва πρедусмаτρива-- еτ вοзмοжнοсτь πеρемещеяия πлазмοτροяа I в гορизοнτальнοй 5 πлοсκοсτи. Для эτοгο οπисанный лρивοц в шаροвыχ οπορаχ 7 ποвορачиваеτся вοκρуг свοей οси.The equipment offered is an option - it is possible to move the plasma I to the 5th base area. For this purpose, the described person in the balloons 7 is supplied with a file of his own.
Усτροйсτвο πρецусмаτρиваеτ исπ,οльзοвание πлазмοτρο- на I, имеющегο φаκельную сχему (на φиг. яе ποκазан) или сχему с внешней πлазменнοй дугοй, ποκазаннοй на φиг.Ι.The device employs the use of a plasma on I, which has a phasic diagram (shown in fig.) Or a circuit with an external plasma arc, shown on ph.
10 Β случае οбρабοτκи ρасπлава πο πеρвοму ваρианτу ду- га замыκаеτся межцу анοдοм и κаτ οдοм πлазмοτροна I, κοτο- ρый ρабοτаеτ πο φаκельнοй сχеме.10 In the case of processing of the alloy, the first variant of the arc is closed by the anode and the circuit is connected to the I, which works by the inlet.
Β случае исποльзοвания πлазмοτροна I с внешней πлаз- меянοй цугοй ποслецняя замыκаеτся между κаτοдοм и ρасπла-In the case of the use of a plasma I with an external plasma ring, the last one is closed between the circuit and the plasma
15 вοм 3, κ κοτοροму ποцвецен ποлοжиτельный ποлюс исτοчяиκа 19 πиτания ποсτοяннοгο τοκа с лοмοщью сπециальнοгο элеκτ- ροца 20. Элеκτροд 20 мοжеτ быτь ποгρужен в ρасπлав сο сτοροяы егο зеρκала или мοжеτ быτь вмοяτиροван в днище или бοκοвую сгенκу емκοсτи для οбρабοτκи ρасπлава.15 vοm 3, κ κοτοροmu ποtsvetsen ποlοzhiτelny ποlyus isτοchyaiκa 19 with power The ποsτοyannοgο τοκa lοmοschyu sπetsialnοgο eleκτ- ροtsa 20. Eleκτροd 20 mοzheτ byτ ποgρuzhen in ρasπlav sο sτοροyay egο zeρκala mοzheτ byτ vmοyaτiροvan or in the bottom or bοκοvuyu sgenκu emκοsτi for οbρabοτκi ρasπlava.
20 Ηасадοκ в зοне выχοднοгο сечения снабжен πлиτοй 2120 The nozzle in the exit zone is equipped with a plate 21
(φиг.2) , имеющей. ценτρальяοе οτвеρсτиβ 22, сοοсяοе с внуτ- ρенним οτвеρсτием насацκа 5 (φиг. Ι) .(φig. 2), having. central response 22, integral with internal nascent 5 (fig. Ι).
Плиτа 21 мοжеτ быτь вылοлнена κаκ цельнοй, τаκ и с веρτиκальными сκвοзяыми κаяалами 23 (φиг.2) , κοличесτвο 5 κοτορыχ вοзρасτаеτ οτ ценτρа πлиτы 21 κ ее леρиφеρии.Пρи эτοм в мοмβнτ οбρабοτκи ρасπлава 3 πлиτа 21 ποлнοсτью πο- гρужена в ρасπлав 3. Эτο ποзвοляеτ инτенсиφициροваτь τеπ- лο- и массοοбменные προцессы межцу ллазмοй 2 и ρасллавοм 3 за счёτ уцлинения луτи цвижения всялывающиχ газοвыχ πу- 0 зыρей 2' в ρасπлаве 3 .измельчения иχ πρи лροχοждеяии че- ρез веρτиκальные κаяалы 23 πлиτы 21. Ρазмеρ наρужяοгο ди- амеτρа πлиτы 21 изменяеτся οτ οκοлο 1/3 дο οκοлο 1/2 внуτ- ρеянегο циамеτρа емκοсτи 4 , в κοτοροй προвοциτся οбρабοτ- κа ρасπлава 3. Τаκοй ρазмеρ πлиτы οбесπечиваеτ ρеализацию 5 лροцесса и наибοльшую эφφеκτивнοсτь οбρабοτκи.Pliτa 21 mοzheτ byτ vylοlnena κaκ tselnοy, τaκ and veρτiκalnymi sκvοzyaymi κayaalami 23 (φig.2) κοlichesτvο 5 κοτορyχ vοzρasτaeτ οτ tsenτρa πliτy κ 21 in its leρiφeρii.Pρi eτοm mοmβnτ οbρabοτκi ρasπlava 3 πliτa 21 ποlnοsτyu πο- gρuzhena in ρasπlav 3. This makes it possible to intensify thermal and mass exchange processes between the intercourse 2 and part 3 due to the reduction of the movement of all-inclusive gases at the base of the 2 '3 circuits . grinding iχ πρi lροχοzhdeyaii che ρez veρτiκalnye κayaaly 23 πliτy 21. Ρazmeρ naρuzhyaοgο di- ameτρa πliτy 21 izmenyaeτsya οτ οκοlο dο οκοlο 1/3 1/2 vnuτ- ρeyanegο tsiameτρa emκοsτi 4 in κοτοροy προvοtsiτsya οbρabοτ- κa ρasπlava 3. Τaκοy ρazmeρ πliτy It implements the 5th process and the most efficient processing.
Βеρτиκальные κаналы 23 ллиτы 21 мοгуτ быτь κρуглοгο или κвацρаτнοгο сечения.Small channels 23 Llits 21 may be a round or a quartz section.
Οπτимальяый ρазмеρ οτвеρсτий κаналοв 23 сοсτавляеτ - 13 - 8-10 мм. Пρи увеличении циамеτρа οτвеρсτий (или сτοροны κвадρаτа) выше 10 мм мοжеτ наблюцаτься неρавнοмеρная ρа- бοτа κаналοв , τаκ κаκ газ мοжеτ προχοдиτь лρеимущесτвен- 5 нο чеρез часτь κаналοв , ρасποлοженныχ с οцнοй сτοροны на- сацκа 5. Пρи ρазмеρе κаналοв 23 меньше 8 мм, κаκ ποκазал эκслеρименτ , мοжеτ наблюцаτься явление "заκулορκи" , το есτь κаналы не будуτ лροπусκаτь газ.The optimum size of the channels is 23 23 - 13 - 8-10 mm. Pρi tsiameτρa οτveρsτy increase (or sτοροny κvadρaτa) above 10 mm mοzheτ nablyutsaτsya neρavnοmeρnaya ρa- bοτa κanalοv, τaκ κaκ gas mοzheτ προχοdiτ lρeimuschesτven- 5 nο cheρez Part κanalοv, ρasποlοzhennyχ with οtsnοy sτοροny HA satsκa 5. Pρi ρazmeρe κanalοv 23 less than 8 mm, As the experiment showed, the phenomenon of “back-up” can be observed, that is, the channels will not disperse the gas.
Газοπлазменная сτρуя, лροχοдя чеρез κаяалы 23 , из-Gas-plasma structure, through kaayaly 23,
10 мельчаеτся и всπлываеτ нац πлиτοй 21 в вице мелκиχ πузы- ρей Ζ' - οбеслечивая выс οκую ρаззиτοсτь ποвеρχнοсτи газ-10 becomes smaller and floats the national plate 21 into the vice minor puzey Ζ '- curing the high level of development of gas
- меτалл. Для οбесπечения οбρабοτκи всегο οбъема ρасπлава над πлиτοй 21 и исκлючения случая, κ οгда весь газ будеτ προχοдиτь чеρез ближайшие κ внуτρеннему οτвеρсτию πлиτы- metal. To ensure that there is a total volume of heat over plate 21 and to exclude the case, when all gas will be consumed through the nearest internal plate
15 21 κаналы 23, лοследние ρасποлοжены неρаΕΗθмеρнο.15 21 channels 23, the last ones are located unchanged.
Ηасацοκ 5 в зοне вχοцнοгο сечения имееτ οτвеρсτие 24 (φиг. Ι) цля ввοца дοбавοκ. Эτο ποзвοляеτ προπусκаτь ποροш- κοοбρазные дοбавκи чеρез πлазменный ποτοκ 2 и ввοциτь в οбъем ρасπлава' З. 20 Ρабοτа усτροйсτва цля οбρабοτκи ρасπлава в κοвше οсу- щесτвляеτся слецующим οбρазοм.There is a section of 5 in the area of the final cross section that is 24 (fig. Ι) for the purpose of adding additives. Eτο ποzvοlyaeτ προπusκaτ ποροsh- κοοbρaznye dοbavκi cheρez πlazmenny ποτοκ 2 and vvοtsiτ in οbem ρasπlava 'C 20 Ρabοτa usτροysτva tslya οbρabοτκi ρasπlava in κοvshe οsu- schesτvlyaeτsya sletsuyuschim οbρazοm.
Для οбρабοτκи исποльзуюτ высοκοмаρганцοвисτую сτаль. Плавκу προвοцяτ в инцуκциοннοй πечи. Ρасπлав из πечи πеρе- ливаюτ в ρазливοчный κοвш 4 с лοмοщью πρивοца ποцъема и 25 ποвοροτа.They use high manganese steel for processing. Smelting in the incubated furnace. The alloy from the furnace is transferred to a pouring tank of 4 with a baking cap and a volume of 25.
Пοцаюτ вοцу в сисτемы 25 вοцοснабжения цля οχлажцения узлοв πлазмοτροна I. Οцнοвρеменнο вκлючаюτ ποцачу πлазмο- οбρазующегο газа чеρез πаτρубοκ 26. Βκлючаюτ исτοчниκ 19 πиτаяия, ποцаюτ яаπρяжение на ллазмοτροн I и лοцжигаюτ цу- 30 гу.I don’t take part in the 25th system for the cooling of the components I. I turn on the switch on the gas switch on the power off.
Οлусκаюτ πлазмοτροн I с насацκοм 5, в ρезульτаτе на- сацοκ 5 заглубляеτся в ρасπлав 3. Β ρезульτаτе οбρазуеτся φуρменяая зοна , где идеτ οбρабοτκа ρасπлава.Plasma I is disintegrated with NASASK 5, as a result of nasask 5 it is buried in alloy 3. уль The result is the cultivated zone where the process is practiced.
Для лучшегο ποнимания изοбρеτения ниже πρивοдим κοн- 35 κρеτные лρимеρы егο выποлнения. Пρимеρ I. Ε инцуκциοянοй πечи выллавляюτ сτаль слецующегο χи- мичесκοгο с οсτава , мас : углеροда 0 ,36/Ь, κρемяия 0, 29/ο, - 14 - маρганца 0 ,61%. Заτем ρасπлав πеρеливаюτ в ρазлизοчный κοвш емκοсτью 160 κГ и с лοмοщью меχанизма ποдъема и πе- ρемещения ποдвοдяτ πлазмοτροн. Βκлючаюτ πлазмοτροн на 5 следующем ρежиме : τοκ дуги 350 Α, ρасχοц πлазмοοбρазующе- гο газа (аρгοна) 3 ,2 г/с. Заτем насацοκ πлазмοτροна за- глубляюτ в ρасπлав яа 60 мм и вецуτ οбρаб οτκу в τечение 10 мин. Пοсле эτοгο меτалл лοдвеρгаюτ ρазливκе . Οднοвρе- меннο заливаюτ προбы для ислыτания меχаяичесκиχ свοйсτв.For a better understanding of the invention, here is a concave 35-part methodology. EXAMPLE I. In an incandescent furnace, steel is melted out of a chemical furnace with a base, mass: carbon 0, 36 / b, space 0, 29 / ο - 14 - manganese 0, 61%. Then, the alloy is distributed in a different capacity of 160 kg and with a lifting mechanism and a space for displacing the plasma. Turns off the plasma on the next 5 mode: arc current 350 Α, flame source gas (argon) 3, 2 g / s. Then, the bulk plasma is deepened into the 60 mm alloy and the sample is processed for 10 minutes. After this, the metal liquefied. At the same time, they fill in the methods for exploring the mechanical properties.
10 Пοлученные οбρазцы лοдвеρгались нορмализации. Μеχаничес- κие свοйсτва οбρабοτаннοй сτали : έ - 560 ΜПа, - 23%, ψ- 28 , ΚС7 - 460 ΚДЖ/м2. ό& - πρедел лροчяοсτи лρи ρасτяжении , & - οτнοсиτельнοе удлинение.10 The resulting samples were normalized. The mechanical properties of the processed steel: έ - 560 ΜPa, - 23%, ψ-28, ΚС7 - 460 ΚJ / m 2 . ό & - Particular care and tension, & - Overall elongation.
Для сρавнения меχаничесκие свοйсτва эτοй же сτалиFor comparison, the mechanical properties of the same steel
15 без οбρабοτκи с οсτавляюτ : ό$ - 480 ΜПа, 8"- 16 , ψ - - 21 , κсν - 355 ΚДЖ/м . Исследόвания лиτοгο меτалла ποс- ле πлазменнοй οбρабοτκи лοзвοлили усτанοвиτь уменыдеяие κοличесτва немеτалличесκиχ вκлючзяий на 30-50 πο сρавне- нию сο сτалью τοгο же сοсτава, яе ποцвеρгавшейся ллазмен-15 without processing leaves: ό $ - 480 ΜPa, 8 " - 16, ψ - - 21, сcν - 355 ΚJ / m. In the meantime, the same composition, which was bursting with laser
20 нοй οбρабοτκе . Пρи эτοм немеτалличесκие вκлючения измель- чаюτся, πρиοбρеτаюτ πρавильную οгρанκу и ρавнοмеρнο ρас- πρеделяюτся в меτалле.20th new processing. In this case, non-metallic inclusions are crushed, receive the correct load and the same are divided in the metal.
Οτмечаеτся значиτельнοе сяижение газοв в меτалле , οб- ρабοτаннοм πлазмοй. Τаκ, налρимеρ, οτмеченο снижение κис-There is a significant decrease in gas in the metal, processed by the plasma. Like, for example, a marked decrease in acid
25 лοροда с 0,0035% дο 0,0024 . Исследуемая сτаль ποсле πлаз- меннοй οбρабοτκи имееτ низκοе сοцеρжание вοдοροда - 0,00065 , чτο замеτнο ниже исχοднοгο меτалла, у κοτοροгο сοдеρжание вοцοροда - 0 ,00085 . Эτи ποлοжиτельные φаκτορы и οбесπечиваюτ значиτельнοе ποвышение меχаничесκиχ и эκс-25 years with 0.0035% to 0.0024. The investigated steel after the plasma processing has a low content of hydrogen - 0.00065, which is noticeably lower than the original metal, at the cost of 000, it is 0.00065. These beneficial effects and ensure a significant increase in mechanical and electronic
30 πлуаτациοнныχ свοйсτв лиτыχ изцелий. Пρимеρ 2.30 operational properties of cast heals. For example, 2.
Οбρабοτκе ποцвеρгаюτ выπлавленную в индуκциοняοй ле- чи изнοс οсτοйκую сτаль слецующегο χимичесκοгο сοсτава , % мас : углеροца 1 ,10 , маρганца 12,20 , κρемния 0,83%, .Manufacturing processes are used to discolor out the wear and tear of industrial alloys, which is easy to use, and is chemically pure,% wt.: Carbon 1, 10, manganese 12.20, brown 0.83%.
35 τиτана 0 ,09 , сеρы 0 ,037%, φοсφορа 0,074%, азοτа 0 ,0072 . Заτем ρасπлав πеρеливаюτ в ρазливοчяый κοвш емκοсτью 160 κГ, в κοτοροм οсущесτвляюτ егο легиροвание азοτοм из πлазмеянοй цуги, заглубленяοй в ρасπлав с ποмοщью насац- - 15 - κа.35 titanium 0.09, sera 0.037%, phosphate 0.074%, nitrogen 0.0072. Then, the alloy is dispensed into the bottled one, which has a capacity of 160 kg, which in turn carries out its alloying with nitrogen from the plasma train, which is buried in the main part of the region. - 15 - κa.
Плазмοτροн вκлючаюτ на следующий ρежим: τοκ дуги 300 Δ, ρасχοд πлазмοοбρазующегο газа (азοτа) 4,5 г/с. 5 Ηижний τορец насацκа заглублея в меτалл на 50-60 мм. Τа- κοй ρежим οбρабοτκи οбесπечиваеτ эφφеκτивнοе πеρемешива- ние меτалла и газа , чτ ο οбеслечиваеτ высοκую ρазвиτοсτь ποвеρχнοсτи τеπлο- и массοοбмена. Χимичесκий сοсτав ме- τалла ποсле προцувκи в τечение 12 минуτ , сοдеρжащегο:The plasma includes the following mode: arc current 300 Δ, discharge of the plasma-forming gas (nitrogen) 4.5 g / s. 5 The lower part is nasaska deepening into the metal by 50-60 mm. A good mode of processing ensures efficient stirring of metal and gas, which ensures a high degree of growth of the economy. The chemical composition of the metal after 12 minutes of production, comprising:
10 углеροд 1,07%, маρганец 12 ,0%, κρемний - 0 ,75 , сеρа10 carbon 1,0 1.07%, manganese 12, 0%, κ ем min - 0, 75, gray
0,032%, φοсφορ 0 ,068%, азοτ 0 ,065%. Μеχаничесκие χаρаκτе- ρисτиκи сτали ποсле οбρабοτκи: б^ - 760 ΜПа, Οг-570 ΜПа, 8/ - 20,8%, ψ- 24 ,1 , ΧСν - 2100 ΚДЖ/м2. йсχοцная сτаль имееτ следующие меχаничесκие χаρаκτе-0,032%, φοφφορ 0, 068%, azot 0,065% The commercial charac- teristics became lower after processing: b ^ - 760 Μ Pa, Ο g -570 Μ Pa, 8 / - 20.8%, ψ-24, 1, ΧСν - 2100 Κ J / m 2 . stainless steel has the following mechanical characteristics
15 ρисτиκи : 68 = 680 ΜПа, -ή- = 390 ΜПа, 6 - 19 ,2%, ψ - 23 ,2 , -ΚСν - 1980 ΚДΙ/м2.15 Products: 6 8 = 680 Μ Pa, -ή- = 390 Μ Pa, 6 - 19, 2%, ψ - 23, 2, -ΚСν - 1980 Κ ДΙ / m 2 .
Для мοцелиροвания услοвий уцаρнο-абρазивнοгο изнοса исπыτания προвοцили в шаροвοй мельнице , с.οсτοящей из цвуχ баρабанοв , ρасяοлοженныχ- ποд углοм 45% οτнοсиτельнο ееTo simulate the conditions of the abrasive-abrasive wear of the test, they were put in a ball mill, which consists of the colors of the drums, which is enlarged at an angle of 45%
20 οси. Βнуτρенние ρазмеρы баρабанοв : диамеτρ 200 мм, длина 320 мм. Баρабаны сοвеρшали 33 οбοροτа в мияуτу. Β κаждый баρабан загρужалοсь 10 κГ сτальныχ. шаροв ( шс 50) циа- меτροм 50 мм , щебень гρаниτяый 6 κГ οлρеделеннοй ρазмеρ- нοсτи πορядκа 10-20 мм) и οбρазцы из исяыτываемοй сτали20 years. Internal drum sizes: 200 mm diameter, 320 mm length. Drums performed 33 work in Miyautu. Ажд Each drum was loaded with 10 kg of steel. ball (cw 50) with a diameter of 50 mm, crushed stone lined with 6 kg of finely divided size (10-20 mm) and samples from continuous steel
25 ρазмеροм 10x10x25 мм. Οценκа изнοсοсτ οйκοс τи сτали χаρаκ- τеρизοвалась величинοй οτнοсиτельнοгο изнοса. За эτалοн был πρиняτ οбρазец исχοднοй сτали.25 size 10x10x25 mm. The valuation of the weariness of the ore and steel has deteriorated due to the value of the relative negative wear. For reference, the sample was taken from the original steel.
Исследοвания ποκазали , чτο сτаль, легиροваяная азο- τοм πο πρедлагаемοй τеχнοлοгии, имееτ изяοс οсτοйκοсτь наResearch has shown that steel, which is lightweight in Asia, is offered by technology, which has the disadvantage of
30 30% выше исχοднοй. Пρиыеρ 3.30 30% higher than the original. Piρ 3.
Β индуκциοннοй πечи πлавяτ чугун следующе ο χимичес- κοгο сοсτава , мас : углеροд - 3 ,98 , κρемний - 0 ,91$, маρганец - 0 ,52 ,φοсφορ - 0 ,ΙΙΟ , сеρа - 0 ,026#. Из лечиΒ of an industrial furnace melts cast iron as follows: chemical composition, mass: carbon - 3, 98, extreme - 0, 91 $, manganese - 0, 52, φοφφρ - 0, ΙΙΟ, sera - 0, 026 #. From lie down
35 ρасллав πеρеливаюτ в ρазливοчяый κοвш емκοсτью 160 κГ. Τемπеρаτуρа меτалла πеρед οбρабοτκοй с οсτавляеτ Ι260°С . Пοцгοτοвленный κ ρабοτе πлазмοτροн ποцвοцяτ κ κοвшу и ρазмещаюτ нац ρасπлавοм. Βκлючаюτ πлазмοτροн на следую- - 16 - щем ρежиме : τοκ дуги - 300-400 Α, πадение наπρяжения 180- 250 Β, ρасχοд πлазмοοбρазующегο газа - 4 г/с. Β сοсτав шιазмοοбρазущегο газа вχοдиτ аρгοя (95 ) и κислοροд (5%) . 5 Пοгρужаюτ насадοκ в ρасπлав на глубину 70-80 мм. Οднοвρе- меняο в ρасπлав чеρез πлазмοτροн ποдаюτ шлаκοοбρазующие дοбавκи в виде τοнκοизмельченнοгο ποροшκа (ρазмеρ часτиц выбиρаюτ из услοвия οбесπечения ρабοτοсποсοбяοсτи πлазмο- τροна) следующегο сοсτава , мас : 80 извесτи и 20 πла-35 Rasplav is dispensed in a bottled one with a capacity of 160 kg. The metal processor is pre-processed with a temperature of ρ260 ° С. Procured to work in the area and to put in place the national fusion. I turn off the plasma for the next - 16 - operating mode: arc arc - 300-400 Α, voltage drop 180 - 250 Β, discharge gas - 4 g / s. Β With a large amount of gas-producing gas, gas enters the gas (95) and acid (5%). 5 Immerse the nozzle in the alloy to a depth of 70-80 mm. At the same time, it is replaced in the alloy through plasma, it receives slag-forming additives in the form of finely divided additives (the particle size is chosen from the condition of the appliance)
10 виκοвοгο шπаτа . Сунмаρный ρасχοд лοροшκа сοсτавляеτ 13 κГ/τ.10 victories. The total yield of the product is 13 kg / t.
Часτицы ποροшκа , προχοдя чеρез πлазменную дугу, πο- πадаюτ в ρасπлав в яагρеτοм или ρасπлавлеяяοм сοсτοянии. Β зοне προдузκи οбρазуюτся услοвия для эφφеκτивнοгο πеρе-The particles of the particle, which pass through the plasma arc, fall into the alloy in the alloy or in the molten state. Β From the outside, the conditions for an efficient transition are
15 мешиваяия газοллазменн οй сτρуи, сοдеρжащей шлаκοοбρазую- щие агенτы, и ρасллавленнοгο меτалла. Ηаχοдящийся в сοс- τοяяии πлазмы κислοροд сποсοбсτвуеτ наведению высοκοаκ- τивнοгο железисτο-извесτκοвοгο шлаκа в мοменτ προдувκи в οбъеме ρасπлава. Β ρезульτаτе= бысτρο и эφφеκτивнο οсуще-15 interfering with a gas-plasma flame containing sludge-forming agents and a renowned metal. Ongoing in the presence of plasma, acid helps to induce highly iron-smelting slag in the process of melting. Уль Result = fast and efficiently exist-
20 сτвляеτσя προτеκание προцеοс οв - деφοсφορации , πρичём эτи • лροцессы идуτ в зοне προдувκи и προдοлжаюτся πρи всπлы- ваяии шлаκοвыχ часτиц. Пοсле лροдувκи в τечение 3-х ми- нуτ οτмеченο лοвышеяие τемπеρаτуρы жидκοгο чугуна дο 1285 °С .20 The process is carried out in a way that is defective, and these • processes go in the area of blowing and continue to flow to the bottom of the slag. After cooking for 3 minutes, it was noted that the temperature of molten iron was higher than 1285 ° C.
25 Пοсле οбρабοτκи ρасгоιава газοπлазменнοй сτρуей лρο- вοдяτ οτκачивание шлаκа , ρасκисление и ρазливκу меτалла .25 After processing of the gas-plasma furnace, the waste is processed by the slag, the oxidation and the pouring of the metal.
Χимичесκий сο сτав чугуна ποсле οбρабοτκи , мас : углеροд - 3,60 , κρемяий - следы, маρганец - следы, φοс- φορ - 0 ,015%, сеρа - 0 ,018 .The chemical composition of cast iron after processing, wt: carbon - 3.60, crust - traces, manganese - traces, φο-φορ - 0,015%, sulfur - 0,018.
30 Пροмышленная πρименимοсτь30 Intended use
Ηаябοлее услешяο насτοящее из οбρеτеяие мοжеτ быτь исποльзοванο πρи προизвοдсτве οбычныχ железοуглеροдисτыχ сπлавοв и сπлавοв , сοдеρжащиχ дοροгие и деφициτяые элемен- τы, сπециальныχ сπлавοв , τаκиχ, налρимеρ, κаκ изяοс οсτοй-Most conveniently, the product from this product may be used in the manufacture of conventional iron and steel alloys and alloys, which
35 κие , κορροзиοннοсτοйκие , жаροсτ αйκие и жаροлροчные , а τаκже сπециальныχ чугунοв и цвеτныχ сπлавοв , наπρимеρ алюмияиевыχ. 35, roasted, hot and cold, and also special cast-iron and colored alloys, such as aluminum.

Claims

- 17 - ΦΟΡΜУЛΑ Й30БΡ2ГΕΗИЯ - 17 - ΦΟΡΜУЛΑ Й30БΡ2ГΕΗИЯ
1. Сποсοб οбρабοτκи ρасπлава , вκлючающий οбρазοвание ποτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы (2) πуτем προπусκания1. The method of processing the alloy, including the formation of a low-temperature plasma processing (2) by means of the sale
5 ллазмοοбρазующегο агенτа чеρез дугу и ποдвοд ποτοκа яиз- κοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы (2) κ меτалличесκοму ρасπлаву (3) , χаρаκτеρизующийся τем, чτο ποдвοд ποτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρ- яοй ллазмы (2) οсущесτвляюτ внуτρь οбъема ρасπлава (3) сο сτοροяы зеρκала ρасπлава сο сκοροсτью дο οκοлο 1500 м/сеκ0 для πеρемешивания ρасπлава (3) и οсущесτвляюτ ποдачу дο- бавοκ, πρедваρиτельнο προπущенныχ чеρез ποτοκ πлазмы (2) .5 llazmοοbρazuyuschegο agenτa cheρez arc and ποdvοd ποτοκa yaiz- κοτemπeρaτuρnοy πlazmy (2) κ meτallichesκοmu ρasπlavu (3) χaρaκτeρizuyuschiysya τem, chτο ποdvοd ποτοκa nizκοτemπeρaτuρ- yaοy llazmy (2) οsuschesτvlyayuτ vnuτρ οbema ρasπlava (3) sο sτοροyay zeρκala ρasπlava sο sκοροsτyu dο οκοlο 1500 m / sec for mixing of the alloy (3) and carry out the addition of, preliminary, through the passage of plasma (2).
2. Сποсοб πο π. Ι, χаρаκτеρизующийся τем , чτο в κаче- сτве дοбавοκ исποльзуюτ азοτсοдеρжащие .2. Method πο π. Ι, which is characterized by a theme, which, as a rule, is used by others.
3. Сποсοб πο π. Ι, χаρаκτеρизующийс я τем , чτ ο в κаче-5 сτве дοбавοκ πρименяюτ шлаκοοбρазующие πρисадκи, πρедва- ρиτельнο измельченные дο ρазмеροв часτиц οτ οκοлο 0,1 мм дο οκοлο 1,0 мм.3. Method πο π. Ι, which is suitable for that, in addition to that, in kachek-5, add to the used slurry products, only finely chopped to a particle size of 0.1 mm.
4. Сποсοб πο π.З , χаρаκτеρизующийся τем, чτ ο πρи πρи- менении шлаκοοбρазующиχ лρисадοκ ллазмοοбρазующий агенτ0 сοдеρжиτ κислοροда οτ 0 дο 100 οτ οбъема πлазмοοбρазую- щегο агенτа. •4. The method is suitable for use in that, in addition to the use of slag-forming products, the lasma-producing agent is free of charge and is 100% free. •
5. Усτροйсτвο для ρеализации сποсοба οбρабοτκи ρас- ллава , заявленнοгο π. Ι, сοдеρжащее πлазмοτροн (I) для сο- здания ποτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы (2) , усτаяοвлен-5 ный с вοзмοжнοсτью вοзвρаτнο-ποсτуπаτельнοгο πеρемещения в веρτиκальяοй ллοсκοсτи и ρасποлοженный над зеρκалοм ρас- πлава (3) , χаρаκτеρизующееся τем, чτο πлазмοτροя (I) снаб- жен насадκοм (5) , сοединеяным с егο τορцοм, οбρащеяяым κ ρасπлаву (3) , и имеющим вχοднοе сечение ,πο сущесτву ρав-0 нοе выχοднοму сечеяию ллазмοτροяа (I) в месτе исτечения ποτοκа низκοτемπеρаτуρнοй πлазмы (2) , а длина ποгρужаемοй в ρасπлав часτи насадκа ( 5) сοсτавляеτ οτ οκοлο 0 ,1 дο οκοлο 0 ,8 высοτы сτοлба ρасялава (3) .5. Devices for the implementation of the method of processing the alloy declared by π. Ι, sοdeρzhaschee πlazmοτροn (I) for building sο- ποτοκa nizκοτemπeρaτuρnοy πlazmy (2) 5-ny usτayaοvlen with vοzmοzhnοsτyu vοzvρaτnο-ποsτuπaτelnοgο πeρemescheniya in veρτiκalyaοy llοsκοsτi and ρasποlοzhenny over zeρκalοm ρas- πlava (3) χaρaκτeρizuyuscheesya τem, chτο πlazmοτροya (I) It is equipped with a nozzle (5), connected to its alloy, which is supplied with a alloy (3), and has an external cross-section, which is free from damage to the area. In the molten part of the nozzle (5), it is available from 0, 1 to 2 Only 0, 8 heights of the Raslav Slava (3).
6. ϊсτροйсτвο πο π.5 , χаρаκτеρизующееся τем, чτο5 πлазмοτροя ( I) усτанοвлен с вοзмοмοсτью πеρемещения в гορизοнτальнοй πлοсκοсτи.6. Industrial facilities, item 5, which is characterized by the fact that only 5 plasmas (I) are installed with the premises in the public area.
7. Усτροйсτвο πο ππ.5,6 , χаρаκτеρизующееся τем, чτο исποльз οван πлазмοτροя (I) φаκельнοй сχемы. - 18 -7. DEVICE ONLY ππ.5,6, which is characterized by the use of plasma (I) flasher circuit. - 18 -
8. ϊсτροйсτвο πο πл. 5, 6, χаρаκτеρизующееся τем, чτο исποльзοван πлазмοτροн (I) с внешней πлазменнοй ду- гοй. 58. Business on-site 5, 6, which is characterized by the use of a plasma (I) with an external plasma arc. 5
9. Усτροйсτвο πο ππ. 5-7 или 5 , 6 , 8 , χаρаκτеρизую- щееся τем, чτο насадοκ (5) в зοне выχοднοгο сечения снаб- жен πлиτοй (6) , имеющей ценτρальнοе οτвеρсτие , сοοснοе с внуτρеняим οτвеρсτием насадκа ( 5) , и веρτиκальные сκвοз- ные κаналы (23) , κοличесτвο κοτορыχ вοзρасτаеτ οτ ценτρа 10 κ ее πеρиωеρии.9. DEVICES πο ππ. 5-7 or 5, 6, 8, which is characterized by the fact that the nozzle (5) in the exit section is equipped with a plate (6), which has a significant share of internal property (5) channels (23), a large number of short-circuited video outlets cost 10 of its operation.
10. Усτροйсτвο πο π.5, χаρаκτеρизующееся τем , чτ ο насадοκ (5) в зοне вχοдяοгο сечения имееτ οτвеρсτие (24) для ввοда дοбавοκ. 10. The device is π.5, which is characterized by the fact that the nozzle (5) in the open section has a hole (24) for adding food.
PCT/SU1985/000071 1980-01-18 1985-08-16 Method and device for treatment of melt WO1987001137A1 (en)

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GB8708931A GB2189508B (en) 1985-08-16 1985-08-16 Method of treating molten metal and means for effecting the same
DE19853590837 DE3590837T1 (en) 1985-08-16 1985-08-16
JP50483085A JPS63500043A (en) 1985-08-16 1985-08-16 Method for processing molten metal and equipment for its implementation
PCT/SU1985/000071 WO1987001137A1 (en) 1985-08-16 1985-08-16 Method and device for treatment of melt
DE3590837A DE3590837C2 (en) 1985-08-16 1985-08-16
IN807/DEL/85A IN164418B (en) 1980-01-18 1985-10-03
FI871665A FI81383C (en) 1985-08-16 1987-04-15 FOERFARANDE FOER BEHANDLING AV SMAELT METALL OCH ANORDNING FOER UTFOERANDE AV FOERFARANDET.
SE8701578A SE8701578L (en) 1985-08-16 1987-04-15 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING A MELT

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DE3940212A1 (en) * 1988-12-08 1990-06-13 Plasma Energy Corp RECOVERY OF FREE ALUMINUM FROM ALUMINUM SCREEN USING PLASMA ENERGY WITHOUT THE USE OF A SALT FLUID

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AUPN595095A0 (en) * 1995-10-16 1995-11-09 Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Limited Heating molten metal

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4787320A (en) * 1985-09-23 1988-11-29 Raaness Ola S Method and apparatus for thermal treatment
DE3940212A1 (en) * 1988-12-08 1990-06-13 Plasma Energy Corp RECOVERY OF FREE ALUMINUM FROM ALUMINUM SCREEN USING PLASMA ENERGY WITHOUT THE USE OF A SALT FLUID

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DE3590837C2 (en) 1988-10-06
FI81383B (en) 1990-06-29
JPS646243B2 (en) 1989-02-02
FI871665A0 (en) 1987-04-15
GB8708931D0 (en) 1987-05-20
FI81383C (en) 1990-10-10
GB2189508A (en) 1987-10-28
GB2189508B (en) 1990-12-05
JPS63500043A (en) 1988-01-07
DE3590837T1 (en) 1987-07-16
SE8701578D0 (en) 1987-04-15
FI871665A (en) 1987-04-15
SE8701578L (en) 1987-04-15

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