WO1986007625A1 - Fluid conduit and pinch valve for use therewith - Google Patents

Fluid conduit and pinch valve for use therewith Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1986007625A1
WO1986007625A1 PCT/US1986/000878 US8600878W WO8607625A1 WO 1986007625 A1 WO1986007625 A1 WO 1986007625A1 US 8600878 W US8600878 W US 8600878W WO 8607625 A1 WO8607625 A1 WO 8607625A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conduit
pinch valve
tube
formations
piston
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1986/000878
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pedro P. Cabrera
Glenn D. Talbot
Original Assignee
Coulter Electronics, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Coulter Electronics, Inc. filed Critical Coulter Electronics, Inc.
Priority to AT86903036T priority Critical patent/ATE79932T1/de
Priority to KR1019870700147A priority patent/KR940011860B1/ko
Priority to DE8686903036T priority patent/DE3686567T2/de
Publication of WO1986007625A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986007625A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K7/00Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/022Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising a deformable member
    • F16K11/027Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising a deformable member the fluid flowing through a constrictable tubular diaphragm
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M39/00Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
    • A61M39/22Valves or arrangement of valves
    • A61M39/28Clamping means for squeezing flexible tubes, e.g. roller clamps

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to fluid flow control systems incorporating pinch valves through which flexible fluid conduits are threaded and the valves operated alternatively to compress the conduit preventing flow and to release the conduit permitting f More particularly, the invention provides a molded elastomeric flexible conduit having outwardly extending purchase means unitary therewith and adapted to be cooperatively coupled to suitable means carried by the valve to enable spreading of the tube when the valve is operated to permit full flow subsequent to retention of the conduit in pinched, compressed condition.
  • the flexible conduits generally are formed of elastomeric plastic tubing.
  • Th elastomeric tubing possesses a memory to maintain its tubular configuration allowing passage therethrough
  • the memory normally causes the tubing to return to its open condition after it has been compressed, for example, as by pinching, for a prolonged time period. If compressed, the tubing loses its memory and fails quickly to return to its open condition after prolonged compression. Cold flow may be at least partially responsible for the tube's loss of memory when compressed for a prolonged time period. The loss of memory often is neither predictable nor desirable. The tuhe can become stuck in closed condition due to the fluid being transported therein.
  • Pinch valve structures often included a manual override in the form of cam-lock arrangement whereby th valve could be placed in inoperative condition, the conduits remaining open.
  • a pinch valve of the type operable only between full flow and cease flo conditions which includes a piston slidably movable along a linear path toward a fixed abutment and a flexible, small diameter tube slidably arranged throug said pinch valve with a portion thereof disposed across said path within said pinch valve between the piston and the fixed abutment, at least said portion capable further of being compressed to close off passage through said tube characterized by the flexible tube having a unitary molded body having a uniform axial bore, a pair of opposite free ends, elongate longitudin formations unitary with said body at least along the entire length of said portion of said body and extending outwardly therefrom, said formations capable of being coupled both to said piston and to the fixed abutment, the formations constructed and arranged to be pulled in opposed directions during movement of said piston thereby to open said bore subsequent to closure thereof the formations enabling the pulling force to be distributed over the length of that portion of said tube disposed within said pinch valve.30.
  • a molded elastomeric flexible tube having opposite ends and a uniform axial bore, a portion of said tube capable of being threaded slidably through a pinch valve in a direction normal to the valve and extending within said pinch valve across the width thereof characterized by a pair of outwardly extending opposite longitudinal purchase formations between said ends over at least the length of said portion of said tube, said formations providing a purchase for pulling said tube in diametrically opposed directions subsequent to compress thereof with the pulling force being uniformly distributed along the length of the portion of said tube to prevent localization of said force at the limited area where applied.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the molded fluid conduit constructed according to the invention
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the conduit taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view taken along lines 4-4 of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of a pinch valve employable with the flexible conduit herein described;
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the assembled pinch valve of Figure 5 illustrating the pinch valve in the condition assumed just prior to its operation in the fluid system represented by ⁇ __
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view similar to that of Figure 6 but illustrating the operation of the inventi in reopening the compressed flexible conduit
  • the invention is intended for use with fluid flow systems employed flexible conduits defining fluid paths and which further employ pinch valves selectively operated to direct flow of fluids along said paths fro one location to another.
  • the pinch valves employed comprises the make-befo break type such as disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Patents 3,932,065 and 3,882,899 and include piston means operative upon flexible conduits arranged in their path serially selectively to compress one or the other or hoth of said flexible conduits.
  • the pistons slidewithin the valve to press the conduit against a stationary member also in the valve compressing the conduit and effecting cessation of flow.
  • the conduit arranged transversely across the pat of the pistons, is formed of elastomeric material and normally has elastomeric memory to return to its tubular open condition after being compressed. Howeve it has been found that the elastomeric memory may be lost at least temporarily when the conduit has been compressed for a prolonged duration.
  • the problem encountered may be manifested by the conduit wall sticking to itself to close off flow or this phenomenon may arise due to the softening of the conduit material or the mixture of the material from which the conduit is formed or the fluids traversing same.
  • FIG. 1 a fluid flow system 10 is illustrated diagram atically, employing the flexible conduit 20 constructed in accordance with the herein invention.
  • the liquid transfer system 10 includes a pair of flexible conduits, at least one conduit 20 constructed in accordance with the invention. ' Flexible tubing lines 14 are coupled to the free ends of said conduit 20 to define one of the fluid flow paths for the system 10,
  • the conduit 20 is passed through a single pinch valve 30 and is coupled by way of pneumatic switches 16 and 17 to respective pressure and vacuum sources 18,22 respectively.
  • One of the lines 12 is coupled to a source 24 of liquid while conduit 20 is coupled by line 14 to a delivery location represented by vessel 26.
  • the pneumatic switch 16 selectively controls the actuation of the valve 30 by way of - actuating piston 28' of piston/cylinder 28,
  • the pinch valve 30 is arranged normally with line 12 open and the line 14 closed as represented in Figure 6.
  • the pinch valve 30 is actuated, i.e., as by air from the source 18, causing the piston 44 to move to the .ri ⁇ ht line 12 first is closed with line 14 remaining closed. Then line 14 is opened with line 12 remaining closed. Thereafter, the vacuum is drawn resulting in reversal of the procedure.
  • the pinch valve 30 comprises a housing 32 formed of a pair of mated shells 34,36 preferably molded of plastic material.
  • Shell 34 has an integral post 38 which is capable of being received tightly in an opening of -conforming configuration. The shells are force fitted together. .
  • the side walls of the shells have elongate notches 40 which define a window 42 on opposite sides of the housing 32 when assembled to form same.
  • a pair of pistons 44 and 46 having plungers 48 and 50 are seated respectively within the assembled housing 32. End passageways 52,54 are provided in housing 32 when the shells 34,36 are assembled.
  • Plunger 48 is reciprocable through passageway 52 while plunger 50 is reciprocable through passageway 54.
  • a helical coil spring 56 is arranged on plunger 5
  • the piston 46 includes a yoke-like bearing formation 58 defined by a plate 60 carrying an outer rib 62 and a second plate 64 connected to the piston 46 by corner posts 66.
  • the posts define windows 68 and 70.
  • Windows ,68,70 are aligned with the window 42 of the housing 32 while the post 38 passes between plates 60,6 Line 12, here formed of ordinary flexible tubing, is threaded through the windows 42 passing between the piston 44 and the rib 62 of the yoke formation 58.
  • the other conduit 20 is threaded between through windows 70 between the post 38 and the plate 64.
  • valve 30 In initiating operation of valve 30, the piston 44 is moved laterally to compress conduit 12 against the rib 62 closing conduit 12. Now both conduits 12 as well as conduit 20 are closed. Continued application of force to the plunger 28' forces the yoke formation 5 laterally further to the right, as illustrated, to overcome the bias of the spring 56 whereby to pull apart the conduit 20 diametrically, opening the closed conduit 20. The conduit 12 remains compressed in closed condition.
  • a flexible tubular conduit 20 is provided having a unitary molded elongate body 74 having end portions 76,78 and a continuous central axial bore 80.
  • the molded body 74 is formed with a pair of diametrically opposite located elongate flanges 8 84 formed simultaneously with body 74.
  • the flanges 82,84 each extend longitudinally and parallel along a substantial length of the body 74.
  • the flanges are of T-shaped cross- section, with the crossbar 86 of each T extending parallel both to the central axis of bore 80 and to each other, connection being made to the tubular portion of body 74 by short leg 88 of said flanges 82,84.
  • the plate 64 is formed with a T-shaped slot 90 of size and configuration to accommodate one flange 82 of the T-shaped flanges 82,84 of the conduit 20.
  • the post 38 of valve 30 also is provided with a T-slot 92 of cross-sectional configuration conforming to the flange 84.
  • a unitary stop 94 of generally rectangular configuration is provided at one end of flanges 82,84 to prevent continued passage of the conduit 20 through the valve,
  • one flange 84 is held stationary while the piston pulls upon the other flange 82, crossbar 86 thereof being engaged within the slot 90 to pull the conduit 20 apart in a diametrical opposed direction positively assuring that the conduit 20 will return to its open condition regardless of the duration it had remained pinched closed or if the tube is stuck in pinched or closed condition.
  • the length of the formations is selected such as to distribute any tension along the tube as well as to easily guide the formations 82,84 through the respective slots. The formations should be long enough slidably to slip through the respective T-slots bridging the width of the valve 10.
  • the formation can be grasped and pulled to assure full opening of the axial passage thereof.
  • Means to hold one side of the body immobile while pulling on the opposite side may be provided by said opposite formations, one or each of which is to be pulled manually.
  • the line defining the path of fluid flow through the system is coupled to the free ends of the conduit 20.
  • Bevelled formations 96 can be provided at the free ends of the flanges 82,84 to ease and guide the said flanges through the slots 90,92. ⁇ ⁇
  • flexible molded conduit herein described also can function in lieu of conduit 12. Further, although described as employed in conjunction (combination) with a make- before-break pinch valve having a pair of conduits thereth ough, said flexible conduit equally is useful- in combination with a pinch valve with only one conduit threaded therethrough operating only between open and closed condition or even with a valve operating upon more than two conduits.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
PCT/US1986/000878 1985-06-21 1986-04-25 Fluid conduit and pinch valve for use therewith WO1986007625A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86903036T ATE79932T1 (de) 1985-06-21 1986-04-25 Fluessigkeitsrohr und klemmventil hierfuer.
KR1019870700147A KR940011860B1 (ko) 1985-06-21 1986-04-25 유체도관 및 이에 사용되는 핀치밸브
DE8686903036T DE3686567T2 (de) 1985-06-21 1986-04-25 Fluessigkeitsrohr und klemmventil hierfuer.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US747,426 1985-06-21
US06/747,426 US4653719A (en) 1985-06-21 1985-06-21 Fluid conduit and pinch valve for use therewith

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986007625A1 true WO1986007625A1 (en) 1986-12-31

Family

ID=25005014

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1986/000878 WO1986007625A1 (en) 1985-06-21 1986-04-25 Fluid conduit and pinch valve for use therewith

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4653719A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
EP (1) EP0227697B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (3) JPS63500049A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
KR (1) KR940011860B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CN (1) CN1005864B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
AT (1) ATE79932T1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
AU (1) AU583628B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA1279056C (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE3686567T2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
ES (1) ES8801423A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
WO (1) WO1986007625A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1023914A1 (fr) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-02 Fresenius Vial SA Pince pour obturer un tube souple
US8695858B2 (en) 2011-09-07 2014-04-15 Achim Philipp Zapp Air valves for a wireless spout and system for dispensing
US8925769B2 (en) 2008-05-08 2015-01-06 Automatic Bar Controls, Inc. Wireless spout and system for dispensing
US9533870B2 (en) 2008-05-08 2017-01-03 Automatic Bar Controls, Inc. Wireless spout and dispensing system
EP3165241A3 (en) * 2015-11-04 2017-08-09 DePuy Mitek, LLC Anti-clogging fluid management system
US11384849B2 (en) 2017-08-17 2022-07-12 Sartorius Stedim Biotech Gmbh Pinch valve with linear sections

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986006758A1 (en) * 1985-05-07 1986-11-20 Eltech Systems Corporation Expanded metal mesh and coated anode structure
US4921206A (en) * 1988-12-20 1990-05-01 Coulter Electronics, Inc. Snap-together solenoid operated pinch valve assembly
US5674052A (en) * 1995-11-14 1997-10-07 Coulter International Corp. Pinch pump having selectable pressure plate sizes and a flexible tube with attachment ribs
US5769385A (en) * 1996-01-31 1998-06-23 Medtronic Electromedics, Inc. Tubing clamps for blood separating apparatus
WO1998024007A1 (en) * 1996-11-30 1998-06-04 Aerotech Dental Systems, Inc. Single line automatic fluid delivery system for dental unit water line treatment
US6287281B1 (en) * 1998-07-02 2001-09-11 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Low profile retention system
US6164921A (en) * 1998-11-09 2000-12-26 Moubayed; Ahmad Maher Curvilinear peristaltic pump having insertable tubing assembly
IT1318444B1 (it) * 2000-04-03 2003-08-25 Dideco Spa Dispositivo di autotrasfusione intraoperatoria.
FR2808693B1 (fr) * 2000-05-12 2002-10-25 Maco Pharma Sa Dispositif de prelevement a tubulures de section differente
US20030196693A1 (en) * 2002-04-23 2003-10-23 Jeffrey Schwindt Pinch valve
US6871660B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2005-03-29 Bioanalytical Systems, Inc. Pinch valve and method of operating same
US8499721B2 (en) * 2003-11-06 2013-08-06 Nova-Tech Engineering, Inc. Apparatus and method for nasal delivery of compositions to birds
US8652086B2 (en) 2006-09-08 2014-02-18 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Systems and methods for power and flow rate control
CN102141161A (zh) * 2010-02-01 2011-08-03 何筱钦 一种内胆式截止阀
US9022344B2 (en) * 2011-02-28 2015-05-05 Fenwal, Inc. Clamping systems and apparatus
ITFI20110117A1 (it) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-09 Tecnorama Srl Valvola pinza-tubi ed apparecchiatura per il dosaggio di liquidi.
GB2541221B (en) * 2015-08-12 2021-04-14 Royal United Hospitals Bath Nhs Found Trust Pinch valve for a urinary drainage system
US11969380B2 (en) 2017-10-04 2024-04-30 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc. Advanced occlusion management methods for a phacoemulsification system
WO2019069259A1 (en) 2017-10-04 2019-04-11 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc. SYSTEMS FOR MEASURING FLUID FLOW IN A VENTURI-BASED SYSTEM
US11071816B2 (en) 2017-10-04 2021-07-27 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc. System, apparatus and method for monitoring anterior chamber intraoperative intraocular pressure
EP3691707B1 (en) 2017-10-04 2021-11-17 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc. A system to augment irrigation pressure and to maintain iop during post occlusion surge
JP7487177B2 (ja) * 2018-08-30 2024-05-20 エスエフシー フルーイディクス、インコーポレイテッド 二重ラッチング・バルブの準安定状態
US12285360B2 (en) 2020-12-22 2025-04-29 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc. Reducing irrigation/aspiration valve response time in a phacoemulsification system
CN116942951A (zh) * 2022-04-26 2023-10-27 深圳硅基传感科技有限公司 医疗装置的限流结构

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3882899A (en) * 1973-07-26 1975-05-13 Coulter Electronics Pinch valve construction
US4172580A (en) * 1977-09-06 1979-10-30 Red Valve Company Inc. Pinch valve
GB2079410A (en) * 1980-07-10 1982-01-20 Greenspan Donald Jay Liquid flow regulator

Family Cites Families (4)

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US3075551A (en) * 1957-03-11 1963-01-29 Gorman Rupp Ind Inc Control valve for fluid flow system
JPS436477Y1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1965-12-28 1968-03-22
JPS53115087U (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1977-02-22 1978-09-13
JPS61286673A (ja) * 1985-06-11 1986-12-17 Takashi Asano ピンチバルブ

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3882899A (en) * 1973-07-26 1975-05-13 Coulter Electronics Pinch valve construction
US4172580A (en) * 1977-09-06 1979-10-30 Red Valve Company Inc. Pinch valve
GB2079410A (en) * 1980-07-10 1982-01-20 Greenspan Donald Jay Liquid flow regulator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0227697A4 *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1023914A1 (fr) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-02 Fresenius Vial SA Pince pour obturer un tube souple
FR2788988A1 (fr) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-04 Fresenius Vial Pince pour obturer un tube souple
US8925769B2 (en) 2008-05-08 2015-01-06 Automatic Bar Controls, Inc. Wireless spout and system for dispensing
US9533870B2 (en) 2008-05-08 2017-01-03 Automatic Bar Controls, Inc. Wireless spout and dispensing system
US9821997B2 (en) 2008-05-08 2017-11-21 Automatic Bar Controls, Inc. Spout and dispensing system
US8695858B2 (en) 2011-09-07 2014-04-15 Achim Philipp Zapp Air valves for a wireless spout and system for dispensing
EP3165241A3 (en) * 2015-11-04 2017-08-09 DePuy Mitek, LLC Anti-clogging fluid management system
US11384849B2 (en) 2017-08-17 2022-07-12 Sartorius Stedim Biotech Gmbh Pinch valve with linear sections

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0523902Y2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1993-06-17
KR880700206A (ko) 1988-02-20
CN1005864B (zh) 1989-11-22
DE3686567D1 (de) 1992-10-01
AU583628B2 (en) 1989-05-04
JPH0523901Y2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1993-06-17
EP0227697A1 (en) 1987-07-08
JPH0335376U (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1991-04-05
JPS63500049A (ja) 1988-01-07
DE3686567T2 (de) 1993-03-18
CA1279056C (en) 1991-01-15
ES556181A0 (es) 1988-01-01
CN86103690A (zh) 1987-02-04
KR940011860B1 (ko) 1994-12-27
EP0227697B1 (en) 1992-08-26
EP0227697A4 (en) 1989-06-21
ES8801423A1 (es) 1988-01-01
JPH0333271U (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1991-04-02
AU5867986A (en) 1987-01-13
US4653719A (en) 1987-03-31
ATE79932T1 (de) 1992-09-15

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