WO1986001898A1 - Probe for ultrasonic control - Google Patents

Probe for ultrasonic control Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986001898A1
WO1986001898A1 PCT/FR1985/000245 FR8500245W WO8601898A1 WO 1986001898 A1 WO1986001898 A1 WO 1986001898A1 FR 8500245 W FR8500245 W FR 8500245W WO 8601898 A1 WO8601898 A1 WO 8601898A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carriage
edge
checked
active face
liquid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1985/000245
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Guy Lefevre
Original Assignee
Avions Marcel Dassault-Breguet Aviation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Avions Marcel Dassault-Breguet Aviation filed Critical Avions Marcel Dassault-Breguet Aviation
Publication of WO1986001898A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986001898A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
    • G01N29/0618—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays synchronised with scanning, e.g. in real-time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/28—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details providing acoustic coupling, e.g. water
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0237—Thin materials, e.g. paper, membranes, thin films
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/263—Surfaces
    • G01N2291/2638—Complex surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention essentially relates to a probe for the ultrasonic control of the structure of different types of parts, of very diverse shapes and dimensions, in particular of parts of air vehicles, produced by bonding or of composite structure.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a probe which is, as far as possible, free from these drawbacks.
  • the invention therefore provides a probe for ultrasonic testing of parts, comprising: - a carriage provided with wheels or shoes capable of moving in abutment on the part to be tested,
  • Means for maintaining a thickness of liquid between said active face and the surface of the part to be inspected which has the particularity that these means comprise a sleeve capable of coming into abutment substantially sealed against the surface of the part to be controlled, this sleeve surrounding said active face of the transceiver and constituting with it and with the surface of the part to be controlled a substantially closed chamber, this chamber comprising an annular deaeration space surrounding the active face of the transceiver, and being connected to a liquid reservoir maintained at a level higher than that of the chamber.
  • a liquid-permeable membrane is provided in contact with the part.
  • the carriage comprises two shoes, optionally provided with members for rolling on the two surfaces of the part, contiguous to the edge to be checked, and several transceivers, distributed between the two shoes, transversely to the edge to be checked, and means are provided for moving the device along the edge of the part, by sliding or rolling of its shoes on said surfaces of the part.
  • the probe according to the present invention can also be adapted to control an edge of a part; this embodiment of the invention is characterized in that it comprises two shoes, optionally provided with members for rolling on the two surfaces of the part, contiguous to the edge to be checked, and several transceivers, distributed between the two shoes, transversely to the edge to be checked; means are further provided for moving the probe along the edge of the part, by sliding or rolling of its shoes on said surfaces of the part.
  • the advantage of this embodiment of the control device according to the present invention, and of the ultrasonic control installation which is provided with it, is to allow the control of an edge of a part by a single unidirectional movement along of the ridge, of which however the different generators are controlled simultaneously by the different transceivers that the probe comprises. With the prior devices for the ultrasonic control of the edge of a part, it was necessary to successively move the single transceiver along several generators of said edge, so as to successively determine the faults which may exist respectively at the level of said generators.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are respectively an elevational view and a plan view of a probe according to the present invention, for scanning a surface of a part to be checked with at minus an ultrasonic transceiver.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are sectional views, through an axial plane, of the probe of Figures 1 and 2, and a variant of this device, respectively.
  • FIG. 5 is a view, in elevation and in partial section, of another form of a probe according to the present invention, allowing the control, by a single scanning, of an edge of a part.
  • the probe illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, as well as that which is visible in FIG. 4, has the particularity of the fact that the ultrasonic transmitter-receiver-properly speaking which has been designated by 1 in FIGS. 1 to 4, is mounted on a carriage 2 which can move on the surface of the part to be checked P.
  • the carriage consists essentially of a ring rigid 3, for example circular, to the internal edge of which is fixed, by any appropriate means, for example by welding, the lower edge of a cylindrical ferrule 4.
  • the annular plate 3 is supported at- above the surface of the part P by four rollers 5, each of which is mounted rotating on a horizontal axis, between two bearing supports, 6 and 7.
  • the number of running gear is optional; it could be only three, or possibly greater than four; some or even all of the rolling members could be replaced by pads, made of a material which is not likely to damage the surface of the part to be checked P.
  • the number of rolling elements of the carriage could thus be limited to two, one or more pads being additionally arranged suitably.
  • the interior opening of the ring 3 could be polygonal, for example square or rectangular, the ferrule 4 then being a tabular element of corresponding cross section.
  • the ultrasonic transceiver 1 is itself secured inside a sleeve 8, of external diameter less than the internal diameter of the ferrule 4, and preferably made of an electrically insulating material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the sleeve 8 is immobilized inside the ferrule 4 by four screws 9 which are screwed into tapped holes in the wall of the ferrule 4, so that their ends are pressed against the external face of the sleeve 8.
  • the transceiver 1 is shaped and arranged inside the sleeve 8 so that the active lower face 10 of said transceiver 1 is at a certain distance, a, above the lower face open of the sleeve 8, so as to delimit between said active face 10 and the surface of the part to be checked P, a chamber 11 (FIG.
  • a chamber 15 of height b which is fairly large, and the lower face of which, corresponding to the open lower end of the sleeve 8, is closed by a permeable membrane 16, for example a polyethylene terephthalate membrane, suitably pierced.
  • the flexible pipe 13 maintains a column of a suitable liquid, the deaeration of which is favored by an annular duct 17, arranged between the internal wall of the sleeve 8 and the external wall of the transceiver 1, and opening into the atmosphere at the upper end of said sleeve 8.
  • the annular conduit 17 can be divided into several parallel conduits. Part of the liquid contained in the chamber 15 passes through the permeable membrane 16 and forms a capillary film of liquid between the underside of said membrane 16 and the surface of the part to be checked P.
  • the embodiments of the probe according to the present invention which have just been described with the aid of FIGS. 1 to 4, are susceptible of numerous variants, coming within the scope of the invention.
  • the rolling members 5 may be constituted by rollers or balls.
  • the means for forming a capillary film of liquid between the active face 10 of the transceiver 1 and the surface of the part to be checked P may also differ from the two embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, as can the embodiment of the means for adjusting the thickness of this liquid film.
  • the means for adjusting the height position of the sleeve 8 in the shell 4 are optional materials.
  • the carriage 3 carrying the transceiver 1 can be mounted at the end of the articulated arm 26; in this case, the wall of the ferrule 4 is pivotally mounted about an axis.
  • FIG. 5 represents an embodiment of a probe according to the present invention intended to control a part P, at the level of an edge 18 of connection of two surfaces A and B of said part P, this edge 18 having a certain radius r, and which can therefore be considered as a portion of a cylinder of small radius.
  • This device according to the present invention also comprises a carriage 2, which is provided with two shoes 19 and 20, for example made of polymethyl methacrylate, the respective ends of which are shaped so as to be able to slide in contact with the surfaces A and B of the part. , without damaging said surfaces; for this purpose, rolling members can be provided at the ends of said shoes 19 and 20, facing the surfaces A and B of the part P.
  • the carriage comprises several transceivers , 1A to 1E, which are distributed between the two shoes, transversely to the edge to be checked 18.
  • means, not shown, are provided for moving the whole of the carriage 2 along the edge 18 of the piece P, that is to say in a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 5. by sliding or rolling its shoes, 19 and 20, on the surfaces A and B of the piece P.
  • the different transmitters ultrasonic receivers 1A to 1E detect any faults possibly existing inside the part P at the level of the corresponding generatrices of the edge 18 in the form of a portion of cylinder.
  • This device makes it possible to control the different zones of a rounded edge such as 18, by a single scanning operation, whereas the devices of the prior art required successively scanning several of the generators of the rounding of the edge 18.
  • the carriage 2 of this embodiment of the scanning device according to the present invention can be moved either manually or automatically.
  • a flexible pipe 13 can be provided to bring to the carriage 2 a suitable liquid to fill a coupling chamber 11, with a suitable liquid, to facilitate the transmission of ultrasound to the room, and in the opposite direction.
  • the number of ultrasonic transceivers 1A to 1E is optional; it is preferably of the order of five to seven.
  • This device according to the present invention not only increases the speed of checking the edge of a part, but also increases its reliability and allows easy mapping of its internal faults. Instead of creating a capillary film of liquid 11 on the edge 18 and on its zones of connection to the surfaces A and B of the part to be checked P, it is possible to immerse the whole of the part P and the part corresponding carriage 2 in a tank filled with a suitable liquid.
  • the same arrangement is also applicable, as a variant, to the embodiments of the probe - - - which are illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4 and which have been previously described.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

A probe for carrying out ultrasonic controls on parts comprises a carriage (2) provided with wheels (5) or rollers susceptible of moving while bearing on the part to be controlled (P); an ultrasound emitter-receiver (1) carried by the carriage and of which the active face (10) is turned towards the part to be controlled (P); a sleeve (8) susceptible of sealingly bearing against the surface of the part to be controlled, said sleeve surrounding the active face of the emitter-receiver and forming together with the surface of the part to be controlled a substantially closed chamber intended to contain a liquid for transmission of ultrasounds, the chamber having an annular deaeration space (12, 17) surrounding the active face of the emitter-receiver and being connected to a tank of liquid (14) maintained at a level higher than that of the chamber.

Description

Sonde pour contrôle par ultrasonsProbe for ultrasonic testing
la présente invention concerne essentiellement une sonde pour le contrôle ultrasonore de la structure de différents types de pièces, de formes et de dimensions très diverses, notamment de pièces de véhicules aériens, réalisées par collage ou de structure composite.the present invention essentially relates to a probe for the ultrasonic control of the structure of different types of parts, of very diverse shapes and dimensions, in particular of parts of air vehicles, produced by bonding or of composite structure.
De nombreux composants des véhicules aériens modernes, notamment des avions modernes, tels que des ailerons, des élevons, des gouvernes diverses ... etc. sont assemblés par collage; d'autres pièces ont une structure dite "monolithique composite". C'est le cas notamment des pièces constituées par une structure en nid d'abeilles sur laquelle est collée une couche de métal ou de carbone.Many components of modern air vehicles, including modern planes, such as ailerons, elevons, various control surfaces ... etc. are assembled by gluing; other parts have a structure called "monolithic composite". This is particularly the case for parts made up of a honeycomb structure on which a layer of metal or carbon is bonded.
On connaît, par exemple par FR-A-1436402, des installations de contrôle ultrasonore dans lesquelles une sonde à ultrasons, portée par un chariot, se déplace le long d'une pièce à contrôler et fournit des signaux correspondant aux défauts détectés, ces signaux étant enregistrés et/ou visualisés par rapport à une représentation de la pièce. Entre l'émetteur-récepteur d'ultrasons et la surface de la pièce à contrôler est intercalée une faible quantité de liquide destiné à la transmission des ultrasons entre l'émetteurrécepteur et la pièce. On a constaté que cette quantité de liquide, qui constitue un film capillaire, peut être à l'origine de perturbations des déterminations de défauts, soit du fait d'une variation de l'épaisseur du film, soit du fait de la présence de bulles dans le liquide.There are known, for example from FR-A-1436402, ultrasonic monitoring installations in which an ultrasonic probe, carried by a carriage, moves along a part to be checked and supplies signals corresponding to the detected faults, these signals being recorded and / or viewed in relation to a representation of the part. Between the ultrasonic transceiver and the surface of the part to be inspected is inserted a small amount of liquid intended for the transmission of ultrasound between the transceiver and the part. It has been found that this quantity of liquid, which constitutes a capillary film, can be the cause of disturbances in the determination of defects, either due to a variation in the thickness of the film, or due to the presence of bubbles. in the liquid.
Le but de la présente invention est de fournir une sonde qui soit, autant qu'il est possible, exempte de ces inconvénients.The object of the present invention is to provide a probe which is, as far as possible, free from these drawbacks.
L' invention fournit donc une sonde pour contrôler par ultrasons des pièces, comprenant : - un chariot pourvu de roues ou patins susceptibles de se déplacer en appui sur la pièce à contrôler,The invention therefore provides a probe for ultrasonic testing of parts, comprising: - a carriage provided with wheels or shoes capable of moving in abutment on the part to be tested,
- un émetteur-récepteur d'ultrasons porté par le chariot et dont la face active est tournée vers la pièce à contrôler,- an ultrasound transmitter-receiver carried by the carriage and whose active face faces the part to be checked,
- des moyens pour maintenir une épaisseur de liquide entre ladite face active et la surface de la pièce à contrôler, qui présente pour particularité que ces moyens comprennent un manchon susceptible de venir en appui sensiblement étanche contre la surface de la pièce à contrôler, ce manchon entourant ladite face active de l'émetteur-récepteur et constituant avec elle et avec la surface de la pièce à contrôler une chambre sensiblement fermée, cette chambre comprenant un espace annulaire de désaération entourant la face active de l'émetteur-récepteur, et étant relié à un réservoir de liquide maintenu à un niveau supérieur à celui de la chambre.- Means for maintaining a thickness of liquid between said active face and the surface of the part to be inspected, which has the particularity that these means comprise a sleeve capable of coming into abutment substantially sealed against the surface of the part to be controlled, this sleeve surrounding said active face of the transceiver and constituting with it and with the surface of the part to be controlled a substantially closed chamber, this chamber comprising an annular deaeration space surrounding the active face of the transceiver, and being connected to a liquid reservoir maintained at a level higher than that of the chamber.
Suivant une modalité avantageuse, une membrane perméable au liquide est prévue au contact de la pièce.According to an advantageous method, a liquid-permeable membrane is provided in contact with the part.
Suivant une autre modalité intéressante, le chariot comporte deux sabots , munis éventuellement d' organes pour rouler sur les deux surfaces de la pièce, contigus à l'arête à contrôler, et plusieurs émetteurs-récepteurs, répartis entre les deux sabots, transversalement à l'arête à contrôler, et des moyens sont prévus pour déplacer le dispositif le long de l'arête de la pièce, par glissement ou roulement de ses sabots sur lesdites surfaces de la pièce.According to another advantageous modality, the carriage comprises two shoes, optionally provided with members for rolling on the two surfaces of the part, contiguous to the edge to be checked, and several transceivers, distributed between the two shoes, transversely to the edge to be checked, and means are provided for moving the device along the edge of the part, by sliding or rolling of its shoes on said surfaces of the part.
La sonde selon la présente invention peut être également adaptée pour contrôler une arête d'une pièce; cette forme de réalisation de l'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte deux sabots, munis éventuellement d'organes pour rouler sur les deux surfaces de la pièce, contiguès à l'arête à contrôler, et plusieurs émetteurs-récepteurs, répartis entre les deux sabots, transversalement à l'arête à contrôler; des moyens sont en outre prévus pour déplacer la sonde le long de l'arête de la pièce, par glissement ou roulement de ses sabots sur lesdites surfaces de la pièce. L'avantage de cette forme de réalisation du dispositif de contrôle selon la présente invention, et de l'installation de contrôle ultrasonore qui en est pourvue, est de permettre le contrôle d'une arête d'une pièce par un unique mouvement unidirectionnel le long de l'arête, dont cependant les différentes génératrices sont contrôlées simultanément par les différents émetteursrécepteurs que comporte la sonde. Avec les dispositifs antérieurs pour le contrôle ultrasonore de l'arête d'une pièce, il était nécessaire de déplacer successivement l'émetteur-récepteur unique le long de plusieurs génératrices de ladite arête, de façon à déterminer successivement les défauts pouvant exister respectivement au niveau desdites génératrices.The probe according to the present invention can also be adapted to control an edge of a part; this embodiment of the invention is characterized in that it comprises two shoes, optionally provided with members for rolling on the two surfaces of the part, contiguous to the edge to be checked, and several transceivers, distributed between the two shoes, transversely to the edge to be checked; means are further provided for moving the probe along the edge of the part, by sliding or rolling of its shoes on said surfaces of the part. The advantage of this embodiment of the control device according to the present invention, and of the ultrasonic control installation which is provided with it, is to allow the control of an edge of a part by a single unidirectional movement along of the ridge, of which however the different generators are controlled simultaneously by the different transceivers that the probe comprises. With the prior devices for the ultrasonic control of the edge of a part, it was necessary to successively move the single transceiver along several generators of said edge, so as to successively determine the faults which may exist respectively at the level of said generators.
A titre d'exemples, on a décrit ci-dessous et illustré schématiquement aux dessins annexés, plusieurs formes de réalisation de l'invention.By way of examples, several embodiments of the invention have been described below and illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings.
Les figures 1 et 2 sont respectivement une vue en élévation et une vue en plan d'une sonde selon la présente invention, pour balayer une surface d'une pièce à contrôler avec au moins un émetteur-récepteur d'ultrasons.Figures 1 and 2 are respectively an elevational view and a plan view of a probe according to the present invention, for scanning a surface of a part to be checked with at minus an ultrasonic transceiver.
Les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues en coupe, par un plan axial, de la sonde des figures 1 et 2, et d'une variante de ce dispositif, respectivement.Figures 3 and 4 are sectional views, through an axial plane, of the probe of Figures 1 and 2, and a variant of this device, respectively.
La figure 5 est une vue, en élévation et en coupe partielle, d'une autre forme d'une sonde selon la présente invention, permettant le contrôle, par un balayage unique, d'une arête d'une pièce.FIG. 5 is a view, in elevation and in partial section, of another form of a probe according to the present invention, allowing the control, by a single scanning, of an edge of a part.
La sonde illustrée aux figures 1 à 3, de même que celle qui est visible à la figure 4 présente pour particularité le fait que l'émetteur-récepteur d'ultrasons -proprement ditqui a été désigné par 1 sur les figures 1 à 4, est monté sur un chariot 2 pouvant se déplacer sur la surface de la pièce à contrôler P. Dans la forme de réalisation illustrée sur les figures 1 à 3, de même que dans la variante de la figure 4, le chariot est constitué essentiellement par un anneau rigide 3, par exemple circulaire, au bord interne duquel est fixé, par tous moyens appropriés, par exemple par soudage, le bord inférieur d'une virole cylindrique 4. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, la plaque annulaire 3 est supportée au-dessus de la surface de la pièce P par quatre galets 5, dont chacun est monté tournant sur un axe horizontal, entre deux supports de palier, 6 et 7 . Bien entendu, le nombre des organes de roulement est matière à option; il pourrait être seulement de trois, ou éventuellement supérieur à quatre; certains des organes de roulement, ou même tous, pourraient être remplacés par des patins, en un matériau non susceptible d'endommager la surface de la pièce à contrôler P. Le nombre d'organes de roulement du chariot pourrait ainsi être limité à deux, un ou plusieurs patins étant en outre disposés convenablement. Comme on l'a déjà suggéré, au lieu d'être circulaire, l'ouverture intérieure de l'anneau 3 pourrait être polygonale, par exemple carrée ou rectangulaire, la virole 4 étant alors un élément tabulaire de section transversale correspondante. L'émetteurrécepteur d'ultrasons 1 est lui-même assujetti à l'intérieur d'un manchon 8, de diamètre externe inférieur au diamètre interne de la virole 4, et constitué de préférence en un matériau électriquement isolant, tel que du polytétrafluoréthylène. Le manchon 8 est immobilisé à l'intérieur de la virole 4 par quatre vis 9 qui sont vissées dans des trous taraudés de la paroi de la virole 4, de manière que leurs extrémités viennent s'appliquer contre la face externe du manchon 8. D'autre part, l'émetteur-récepteur 1 est conformé et disposé à l'intérieur du manchon 8 de manière que la face inférieure active 10 dudit émetteur-récepteur 1 se trouve à une certaine distance, a, au-dessus de la face inférieure ouverte du manchon 8, de façon à délimiter entre ladite face active 10 et la surface de la pièce à contrôler P, une chambre 11 (figure 3) de très faible hauteur, qui peut-être remplie avec un-film capillaire d'un liquide approprié, tel que l'eau, de l'huile ... etc, provenant d'une chambre annulaire 12, où débouche latéralement, à travers la paroi du manchon 8, l'une des extrémités d'une conduite souple 13, dont l'autre extrémité est raccordée au fond d'un bac 14, fixé à une partie fixe (non représentée) de l'installation de contrôle ultrasonore. Le film capillaire de liquide, qui remplit la chambre 11, facilite la transmission, avec un rendement élevé, des ondes ultra-sonores à la pièce P. L'épaisseur de ce film, qui doit être très faible, peut être ajustée avec précision en réglant la position du manchon 8 dans la virole 4, par desserrage, puis resserrage des vis 9. Dans la variante illustrée sur la figure 4, où on a désigné par les mêmes références les composants homologues de ceux des figures 1 à 3, on a prévu, en dessous de la face active 10, de l'émetteurrécepteur d'ultra-sons 1, une chambre 15 de hauteur b assez importante, et dont la face inférieure, correspondant à l'extrémité inférieure, ouverte, du manchon 8, est fermée par une membrane perméable 16, par exemple une membrane en poly (terephtalate d'éthylène), convenablement percée. Dans la chambre 15, le tuyau souple 13 entretient une colonne d'un liquide approprié, dont la désaération est favorisée par un conduit annulaire 17, aménagé entre la paroi interne du manchon 8 et la paroi externe de l'émetteur-récepteur 1, et débouchant dans l'atmosphère au niveau de l'extrémité supérieure dudit manchon 8. Le conduit annulaire 17 peut être divisé en plusieurs conduits parallèles. Une partie du liquide contenu dans la chambre 15 traverse la membrane perméable 16 et vient former un film capillaire de liquide entre la face inférieure de ladite membrane 16 et la surface de la pièce à contrôler P.The probe illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, as well as that which is visible in FIG. 4, has the particularity of the fact that the ultrasonic transmitter-receiver-properly speaking which has been designated by 1 in FIGS. 1 to 4, is mounted on a carriage 2 which can move on the surface of the part to be checked P. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, as in the variant of Figure 4, the carriage consists essentially of a ring rigid 3, for example circular, to the internal edge of which is fixed, by any appropriate means, for example by welding, the lower edge of a cylindrical ferrule 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the annular plate 3 is supported at- above the surface of the part P by four rollers 5, each of which is mounted rotating on a horizontal axis, between two bearing supports, 6 and 7. Of course, the number of running gear is optional; it could be only three, or possibly greater than four; some or even all of the rolling members could be replaced by pads, made of a material which is not likely to damage the surface of the part to be checked P. The number of rolling elements of the carriage could thus be limited to two, one or more pads being additionally arranged suitably. As has already been suggested, instead of being circular, the interior opening of the ring 3 could be polygonal, for example square or rectangular, the ferrule 4 then being a tabular element of corresponding cross section. The ultrasonic transceiver 1 is itself secured inside a sleeve 8, of external diameter less than the internal diameter of the ferrule 4, and preferably made of an electrically insulating material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene. The sleeve 8 is immobilized inside the ferrule 4 by four screws 9 which are screwed into tapped holes in the wall of the ferrule 4, so that their ends are pressed against the external face of the sleeve 8. D on the other hand, the transceiver 1 is shaped and arranged inside the sleeve 8 so that the active lower face 10 of said transceiver 1 is at a certain distance, a, above the lower face open of the sleeve 8, so as to delimit between said active face 10 and the surface of the part to be checked P, a chamber 11 (FIG. 3) of very low height, which can be filled with a capillary film of a liquid suitable, such as water, oil, etc., coming from an annular chamber 12, where opens laterally, through the wall of the sleeve 8, one end of a flexible pipe 13, of which the other end is connected to the bottom of a tank 14, fixed to a fixed part (not r shown) of the ultrasonic control installation. The capillary film of liquid, which fills the chamber 11, facilitates the transmission, with a high efficiency, of the ultrasonic waves to the part P. The thickness of this film, which must be very small, can be precisely adjusted by adjusting the position of the sleeve 8 in the shell 4, by loosening, then tightening the screws 9. In the variant illustrated in FIG. 4, where the homologous components have been designated by the same references as those of FIGS. 1 to 3, we have provided, below the active face 10, of the ultrasonic transmitter-receiver 1, a chamber 15 of height b which is fairly large, and the lower face of which, corresponding to the open lower end of the sleeve 8, is closed by a permeable membrane 16, for example a polyethylene terephthalate membrane, suitably pierced. In the chamber 15, the flexible pipe 13 maintains a column of a suitable liquid, the deaeration of which is favored by an annular duct 17, arranged between the internal wall of the sleeve 8 and the external wall of the transceiver 1, and opening into the atmosphere at the upper end of said sleeve 8. The annular conduit 17 can be divided into several parallel conduits. Part of the liquid contained in the chamber 15 passes through the permeable membrane 16 and forms a capillary film of liquid between the underside of said membrane 16 and the surface of the part to be checked P.
Les formes de réalisation de la sonde selon la présente invention, qui viennent d'être décrites à l'aide des figures 1 à 4, sont susceptibles de nombreuses variantes, entrant dans le cadre de l'invention. Les organes de roulement 5 peuvent être constitués par des rouleaux ou des billes. Les moyens pour former un film capillaire de liquide entre la face active 10 de l'émetteur-récepteur 1 et la surface de la pièce à contrôler P peuvent aussi différer des deux réalisations illustrées sur les figures 3 et 4, de même que la réalisation des moyens de réglage de l'épaisseur de ce film liquide. Les moyens de réglage de la position en hauteur du manchon 8 dans la virole 4 sont matières à option. On pourrait prévoir entre les éléments tubulaires 4 et 8, une liaison par crémaillère et engrenage, une vis micrométrique, munie éventuellement d'un vernier et d'un démultiplicateur, permettant de régler l'épaisseur du film avec une haute précision. En motorisant l'engrenage mentionné, ou la transmission, il serait possible d'automatiser le réglage de l'épaisseur du film à partir de données transmises par un ordinateur, par l'intermédiaire d'une inter-face appropriée. Ces différents moyens selon la présente invention, permettent d'obtenir un couplage ultrasonore parfait entre l'émetteur-récepteur d'ultra-sons et la pièce à contrôler, quelle que soit la forme de sa surface supérieure, qu'elle soit galbée, rugueuse ..etc.The embodiments of the probe according to the present invention, which have just been described with the aid of FIGS. 1 to 4, are susceptible of numerous variants, coming within the scope of the invention. The rolling members 5 may be constituted by rollers or balls. The means for forming a capillary film of liquid between the active face 10 of the transceiver 1 and the surface of the part to be checked P may also differ from the two embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, as can the embodiment of the means for adjusting the thickness of this liquid film. The means for adjusting the height position of the sleeve 8 in the shell 4 are optional materials. There could be provided between the tubular elements 4 and 8, a connection by rack and pinion, a micrometric screw, optionally provided with a vernier and a reduction gear, making it possible to adjust the thickness of the film with high precision. By motorizing the mentioned gear, or the transmission, it would be possible to automate the adjustment of the film thickness from data transmitted by a computer, via an appropriate interface. These various means according to the present invention make it possible to obtain perfect ultrasonic coupling between the ultrasonic transceiver and the part to be checked, whatever the shape of its upper surface, whether it is curved, rough. ..etc.
Dans le cas d'une installation de contrôle ultra-sonore pourvue de moyens de balayage automatique, le chariot 3 portant l'émetteur-récepteur 1, peut être monté à l'extrémité du bras articulé 26; dans ce cas, la paroi de la virole 4 est montée pivotante autour d'un axe.In the case of an ultrasonic control installation provided with automatic scanning means, the carriage 3 carrying the transceiver 1 can be mounted at the end of the articulated arm 26; in this case, the wall of the ferrule 4 is pivotally mounted about an axis.
La figure 5 représente une forme de réalisation d'une sonde selon la présente invention destinée à contrôler une pièce P, au niveau d'une arête 18 de raccordement de deux surfaces A et B de ladite pièce P, cette arête 18 présentant un certain rayon r, et pouvant, donc être considérée comme une portion de cylindre de petit rayon. Ce dispositif selon la présente invention comprend également un chariot 2, qui est pourvu de deux sabots 19 et 20, par exemple en polymethacrylate de methyle, dont les extrémités respectives sont conformées de façon à pouvoir glisser au contact des surfaces A et B de la pièce, sans endommager lesdites surfaces; à cet effet, des organes de roulement peuvent être prévus aux extrémités desdits sabots 19 et 20, tournées vers les surfaces A et B de la pièce P. Dans l'intervalle entre les deux sabots 19 et 20, le chariot comporte plusieurs émetteurs-récepteurs, 1A à 1E, qui sont répartis entre les deux sabots, transversalement à l'arête à contrôler 18. En outre, des moyens, non représentés, sont prévus pour déplacer l'ensemble du chariot 2 le long de l'arête 18 de la pièce P, c'est-àdire dans une direction perpendiculaire au plan de la figure 5. par glissement ou roulement de ses sabots, 19 et 20, sur les surfaces A et B de la pièce P. Au cours de ce balayage de l'arête 18, les différents émetteurs récepteurs d'ultra-sons 1A à 1E détectent les défauts existant éventuellement à l'intérieur de la pièce P au niveau des génératrices correspondantes de l'arête 18 en forme de portion de cylindre. Ce dispositif selon la présente invention permet de contrôler les différentes zones d'une arête arrondie telle que 18, par une seule opération de balayage, alors que les dispositifs de l'art antérieur nécessitaient de balayer successivement plusieurs des génératrices de l'arrondi de l'arête 18. Bien entendu, le chariot 2 de cette forme de réalisation du dispositif de balayage selon la présente invention peut être mû soit manuellement, soit de façon automatique. En outre, un tuyau souple 13 peut être prévu pour amener au chariot 2 un liquide approprié pour remplir une chambre de couplage 11, avec un liquide approprié, pour faciliter la transmission des ultra-sons à la pièce, et en sens inverse.FIG. 5 represents an embodiment of a probe according to the present invention intended to control a part P, at the level of an edge 18 of connection of two surfaces A and B of said part P, this edge 18 having a certain radius r, and which can therefore be considered as a portion of a cylinder of small radius. This device according to the present invention also comprises a carriage 2, which is provided with two shoes 19 and 20, for example made of polymethyl methacrylate, the respective ends of which are shaped so as to be able to slide in contact with the surfaces A and B of the part. , without damaging said surfaces; for this purpose, rolling members can be provided at the ends of said shoes 19 and 20, facing the surfaces A and B of the part P. In the interval between the two shoes 19 and 20, the carriage comprises several transceivers , 1A to 1E, which are distributed between the two shoes, transversely to the edge to be checked 18. In addition, means, not shown, are provided for moving the whole of the carriage 2 along the edge 18 of the piece P, that is to say in a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 5. by sliding or rolling its shoes, 19 and 20, on the surfaces A and B of the piece P. During this scanning of the ridge 18, the different transmitters ultrasonic receivers 1A to 1E detect any faults possibly existing inside the part P at the level of the corresponding generatrices of the edge 18 in the form of a portion of cylinder. This device according to the present invention makes it possible to control the different zones of a rounded edge such as 18, by a single scanning operation, whereas the devices of the prior art required successively scanning several of the generators of the rounding of the edge 18. Of course, the carriage 2 of this embodiment of the scanning device according to the present invention can be moved either manually or automatically. In addition, a flexible pipe 13 can be provided to bring to the carriage 2 a suitable liquid to fill a coupling chamber 11, with a suitable liquid, to facilitate the transmission of ultrasound to the room, and in the opposite direction.
Le nombre des émetteurs-récepteurs d'ultra-sons 1A à 1E, est matière à option; il est de préférence de l'ordre de cinq à sept. Ce dispositif selon la présente invention augmente non seulement la rapidité du contrôle de l'arête d'une pièce, mais aussi accroît sa fiabilité et permet une cartographie aisée de ses défauts internes. Au lieu de créer un film capillaire de liquide 11 sur l'arête 18 et sur ses zones de raccordement aux surfaces A et B de la pièce à contrôler P, il est possible d'immerger l'ensemble de la pièce P et de la partie correspondante du chariot 2 dans une cuve remplie d'un liquide approprié. La même disposition est également applicable, à titre de variante, aux formes de réalisation de la sonde - - - qui sont illustrées sur les figures 2 à 4 et qui ont été précédemment décrites.The number of ultrasonic transceivers 1A to 1E is optional; it is preferably of the order of five to seven. This device according to the present invention not only increases the speed of checking the edge of a part, but also increases its reliability and allows easy mapping of its internal faults. Instead of creating a capillary film of liquid 11 on the edge 18 and on its zones of connection to the surfaces A and B of the part to be checked P, it is possible to immerse the whole of the part P and the part corresponding carriage 2 in a tank filled with a suitable liquid. The same arrangement is also applicable, as a variant, to the embodiments of the probe - - - which are illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4 and which have been previously described.
Dans une autre variante, il serait possible de monter un petit moteur, par exemple électrique, sur le chariot d'une sonde - - - - - selon la présente invention (désigné par 2 sur les figures 1 à 5), et d'accoupler ce moteur à l'un des organes de roulement dudit chariot. La télécommande du chariot, et par suite du balayage de la pièce à contrôler, pourrait avoir lieu soit par fil, soit par ondes sonores ou électromagnétiques. In another variant, it would be possible to mount a small motor, for example electric, on the carriage of a probe - - - - - according to the present invention (designated by 2 in Figures 1 to 5), and to couple this motor to one of the rolling members of said carriage. The remote control of the truck, and as a result of the scanning of the part to be checked, could take place either by wire, or by sound or electromagnetic waves.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS DE BREVET PATENT CLAIMS
1. Sonde pour contrôler par ultrasons des pièces, comprenant :1. Probe for ultrasonic control of parts, comprising:
- un chariot (2) pourvu de roues (5) ou patins susceptibles de se déplacer en appui sur la pièce à contrôler (P);- a carriage (2) provided with wheels (5) or pads capable of moving in abutment on the part to be checked (P);
- un émetteur-récepteur d'ultrasons (1) porté par le chariot et dont la face active (10) est tournée vers la pièce à contrôler (P);- an ultrasound transmitter-receiver (1) carried by the carriage and the active face (10) of which faces the part to be checked (P);
- des moyens pour maintenir une épaisseur de liquide entre ladite face active et la surface de la pièce à contrôler, caractérisée en ce que ces moyens comprennent un manchon (8) susceptible de venir en appui sensiblement étanche contre la surface de la pièce à contrôler, ce manchon entourant ladite face active de l'émetteur-récepteur et constituant avec elle et avec la surface de la pièce à contrôler une chambre sensiblement fermée, cette chambre comprenant un espace annulaire de désaération(12, 17) entourant la face active de l'émetteur-récepteur, et étant relié à un réservoir de liquide (14) maintenu à un niveau supérieur à celui de la chambre.means for maintaining a thickness of liquid between said active face and the surface of the part to be inspected, characterized in that these means comprise a sleeve (8) capable of coming to bear substantially airtight against the surface of the part to be inspected, this sleeve surrounding said active face of the transceiver and constituting with it and with the surface of the part to be controlled a substantially closed chamber, this chamber comprising an annular deaeration space (12, 17) surrounding the active face of the transceiver, and being connected to a liquid reservoir (14) maintained at a level higher than that of the chamber.
2. Sonde selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'une membrane perméable au liquide est prévue au contact de la pièce.2. Probe according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid-permeable membrane is provided in contact with the part.
3. Sonde selon la revendication 1 ou 2 et destinée à contrôler une arête d'une pièce , caractérisée en ce que le chariot ( 2) comporte deux sabots ( 19 , 20 ) , munis éventuelleme nt d' organes pour rouler sur les deux surfaces (A, B) de la pièce (p) , contigus à l ' arête à contrôler (18), et plusieurs émetteurs-récepteurs (1A à3. Probe according to claim 1 or 2 and intended to control an edge of a part, characterized in that the carriage (2) comprises two shoes (19, 20), optionally provided with organs for rolling on the two surfaces (A, B) of the part (p), adjacent to the edge to be checked (18), and several transceivers (1A to
1E), répartis entre les deux sabots (19, 20), transversalement à l'arête à contrôler (18), et que des moyens sont prévus pour déplacer le dispositif le long de l'arête (18) de la pièce (p), par glissement ou roulement de ses sabots (19, 20), sur lesdites surfaces (A, B) de la pièce (P).1E), distributed between the two shoes (19, 20), transversely to the edge to be checked (18), and that means are provided for moving the device along the edge (18) of the part (p) , by sliding or rolling its shoes (19, 20), on said surfaces (A, B) of the part (P).
4. Sonde selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée par le fait que son chariot (3) est muni d'un moteur telecommandable, accouplé à l'un au moins de ses organes de roulement (5). 4. Probe according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that its carriage (3) is provided with a remotely controllable motor, coupled to at least one of its rolling members (5).
PCT/FR1985/000245 1984-09-14 1985-09-11 Probe for ultrasonic control WO1986001898A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR84/14098 1984-09-14
FR8414098A FR2570502B1 (en) 1984-09-14 1984-09-14 INSTALLATION FOR ULTRASONIC CHECKING OF WORKPIECES, AND DEVICE FOR SCANNING A SURFACE OF THE WORKPIECE TO BE TESTED

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WO1986001898A1 true WO1986001898A1 (en) 1986-03-27

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WO (1) WO1986001898A1 (en)

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FR2879292B1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2007-03-30 Framatome Anp Sas METHOD FOR MANUALLY NON-DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL OF A ZONE OF A WALL OF A WORKPIECE
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2570502A1 (en) 1986-03-21
FR2570502B1 (en) 1988-01-15
EP0194284A1 (en) 1986-09-17

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