WO1985004858A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un article en argile - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un article en argile Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1985004858A1
WO1985004858A1 PCT/US1985/000724 US8500724W WO8504858A1 WO 1985004858 A1 WO1985004858 A1 WO 1985004858A1 US 8500724 W US8500724 W US 8500724W WO 8504858 A1 WO8504858 A1 WO 8504858A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibers
clay
wet
compound
clay compound
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1985/000724
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frederick J. Mercer
Original Assignee
Mercer Frederick J
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mercer Frederick J filed Critical Mercer Frederick J
Priority to GB08530668A priority Critical patent/GB2168691B/en
Publication of WO1985004858A1 publication Critical patent/WO1985004858A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/32—Burning methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved method of making hardened articles from a clay material- Clay is the product of the geologic weathering of the surface of the earth. It is an extremely common and abundant material. The composition of clay, of course, varies depending on the composition of the geological formations on which it is based. The chemical compo ⁇ sition of the clay can be readily determined by routine chemical analysis. The physical nature of clay, however, that is the size and shape of the particles and the forces which account for its plasticity, can be known only through microscopic study.
  • Clay when wet with the proper amount of water, will tend to hold any shape which is given to it. This property is known as plasticity.
  • plasticity When clay is wet, water penetrates and wets each individual particle and, if enough water is used, forms a film of moisture around each particle. The clay particles tend to cling to each other and slip upon one another to hold a new position when wet. This is similar in principle to the fact that one can model with wet sand, but dry sand has absolutely no plasticity at all. Different clays vary a great deal in plasticity depending on their geologic com ⁇ position.
  • Clay has little value until it is fired and made durable. Clay, when fired to a red hot or greater heat, no longer is plastic but becomes a hard and permanant substance. The fact that clay material will become hard and durable when heated beyond a certain tempera ⁇ ture has long been known and has been practiced since primitive cultures to make useful or artistic articles.
  • the firing or heating of clay until it becomes hard and perma ⁇ nent is distinguished from drying. As wet clay dries, the film of water between particles of clay evaporates and the particles draw closer and closer together resulting in a shrinking of the clay. When all the water has evaporated between the particles and the particles are in contact, drying shrinkage is complete, although the clay particles themselves may still retain moisture. Absolute drying is not complete until the moisture in the particles, as distinguished from moisture between the particles, is evaporated. The drying of the clay particles themselves does not cause, in general any. further shrinkage.
  • Drying is greatly facilitated by the presence in the clay of non-plastic particles. These particles tend to take up less water than clay and accordingly are more easily dried out. Such particles also furnish open pores or channels through which moisture can escape toward the surface. Drying is often completed in a kiln or oven in which clay bodies are usually heated or fired. At a very low kiln temperature, 212 °F, all the uncombined water in the clay will have evaporated and at that point .the clay will be completely dry. The drying stage may take as much as 18 hours for some clay materials.
  • Patent 3,533,813 it is disclosed that the formed ceramic material is first dried to remove water, either by air drying or by heating in a drying oven, and then fired at a higher tempera ⁇ ture.
  • U.S. Patent 1,925,985 also discloses that a substantial drying period, on the order of 12 hours, is required prior to firing.
  • U.S. Patent 2,251,687 requires the ceramic material to be set on a drying rack and dried at about 200 °F for 12 to 18 hours before firing.
  • the next stage after drying in the heretofore accepted method of making a clay article is "firing," that is, the heating of the clay to red-hot temperatures, which for some clay materials is on the order of 2000 ⁇ F.
  • firing the heating of the clay to red-hot temperatures, which for some clay materials is on the order of 2000 ⁇ F.
  • Unfired clay which is a soft, easily moldable material, becomes rocklike, hard and impervious to water when it is fired.
  • the fired clay eventually becomes vitrified as firing heat increases beyond red heat. Vitrification is the hardening, tightening, and glassification of clay. The vitrification gives to fired clay its characteristic hard, durable, dense and rocklike properties.
  • Clays vitrify at various temperatures depending upon their com ⁇ position. Firing clay requires just enough heat to create fusion and hardness to the material. Over-firing, however, may cause melting or deformation of the clay object.
  • the present invention eliminates the time consuming and, conse ⁇ quently, expensive step of drying prior to firing for ceramic articles.
  • the method of forming ceramic articles eliminates the drying step and allows a wet, formed, fibrous clay material to be fired at its appropriate firing temperature without first drying the clay material.
  • Direct firing using the present inven ⁇ tion results in a fired article with no appreciable cracking or warping, and without the explosion of the aritcle which was thought to be inevitable in prior teachings.
  • elongated fibers are mixed with a clay material.
  • the material is then formed into any desired shape, such as by a hydraulic press, a press mold, slip cast or an extruder to remove any air bubbles in the clay material. Any other method which achieves "de-airing" may be used also.
  • the moist fibrous materials shrink and burn out, which relieves stress and steam from within the clay and promotes faster cooling.
  • the percentage of fiber used in the clay material may vary from five to fifty percent by volume, depending on the composition and use of the end product.
  • the preferred fiber additive is microscopic cellulous fibers, although other fibers may of course be used.
  • a common clay material is mixed with from five to fifty percent by volume of microscopic, elon ⁇ gated cellulous fibers.
  • elongated fibers including inorganic, organic, macroscopic or microscopic fibers, may be used.
  • examples of such other elongated fibers include well-beaten wet peat, sawdust, wood flour, and chemical wood.
  • clay material resulting from differring geologic conditions. Any one of this materials may be used with the present invention.
  • the method of the present invention has been used successfully by thoroughly mixing approximately 5 parts of Redart brand clay with 1 part of cellulose fibers which have been well-beaten into an elongated fibrous form.
  • the fibers are evenly and randomly distributed throughout the clay.
  • the fibrous clay is then formed and "de-aired” in any conventional manner into a desired shape.
  • a hydraulic press, a press mold, an extruder or another de-airing method may be used.
  • the above-described material has been formed into a tapered ceramic bottle approximately 8 inches high and having its maximum diameter of approximately 3-1/2 inches at its bottom end.
  • the bottle was formed and de-aired using a slip cast.
  • a liquid fibrous clay mate ⁇ rial is poured into a slip, or hollow mold. The clay is allowed to harden to the desired wall thickness and the remaining liquid is then poured out.
  • the wet clay article was then placed in a thermo ⁇ statically controlled kiln at room temperature, with the temperature increasing by 500° F/hour to approximately 1850° F over the course of approximately 3.7 hours. The kiln was then turned off and allowed to cool.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de fabrication d'articles en argile éliminant l'étape de séchage et permettant la cuisson d'un matériau d'argile mouillée dans un four sans gauchissement, craquage ou déformation inacceptables consiste à mélanger des fibres dans l'argile mouillée.
PCT/US1985/000724 1984-04-20 1985-04-19 Procede de fabrication d'un article en argile WO1985004858A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08530668A GB2168691B (en) 1984-04-20 1985-04-19 Method of making a clay article

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US60251584A 1984-04-20 1984-04-20
US602,515 1984-04-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1985004858A1 true WO1985004858A1 (fr) 1985-11-07

Family

ID=24411665

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1985/000724 WO1985004858A1 (fr) 1984-04-20 1985-04-19 Procede de fabrication d'un article en argile

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0179140A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61501909A (fr)
AU (1) AU4237385A (fr)
GB (1) GB2168691B (fr)
WO (1) WO1985004858A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0430232A1 (fr) * 1989-11-30 1991-06-05 George C. Harrison Traitement de cendre et de papier

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR721820A (fr) * 1930-08-25 1932-03-08 Procédé pour la fabrication d'objets moulés en argile ou en kaolin
US2702748A (en) * 1951-04-05 1955-02-22 Heine Henry William Method for manufacturing ceramic products
GB1149487A (en) * 1966-04-29 1969-04-23 Redland Bricks Ltd Method of manufacturing bricks

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR721820A (fr) * 1930-08-25 1932-03-08 Procédé pour la fabrication d'objets moulés en argile ou en kaolin
US2702748A (en) * 1951-04-05 1955-02-22 Heine Henry William Method for manufacturing ceramic products
GB1149487A (en) * 1966-04-29 1969-04-23 Redland Bricks Ltd Method of manufacturing bricks

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0430232A1 (fr) * 1989-11-30 1991-06-05 George C. Harrison Traitement de cendre et de papier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4237385A (en) 1985-11-15
GB2168691A (en) 1986-06-25
EP0179140A1 (fr) 1986-04-30
JPS61501909A (ja) 1986-09-04
GB8530668D0 (en) 1986-01-22
GB2168691B (en) 1988-07-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE143347T1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von ziegelformkörpern
US2702748A (en) Method for manufacturing ceramic products
US3533812A (en) Process for the manufacture of ceramic articles,and product derived from such process
US2127867A (en) Method of forming porous bodies
WO1985004858A1 (fr) Procede de fabrication d'un article en argile
SE426814B (sv) Forfarande for tillverkning av keramiska alster t ex byggnadstegel
US1809214A (en) Vitrified argillaceous product
US1925985A (en) Light-weight ceramic tile and method of making same
US2791020A (en) Method of making composite fireproof acoustical tile
US1948878A (en) Ceramic acoustical material
KR100610657B1 (ko) 인조목재용 세라믹 조성물 및 그 인조목재용 세라믹조성물을 이용한 인조목재 판넬의 제조방법
RU2773725C1 (ru) Состав шихты для изготовления армированных керамических изделий
US2292011A (en) Process for the preparation of lightweight products
SU1673562A1 (ru) Керамическа масса дл изготовлени кирпича
SU833857A1 (ru) Состав дл изготовлени огне-пРипАСА "МуллиНд
Suzdal'tsev et al. Intensified sintering of lithium aluminosilicate ceramics
US1143004A (en) Process for making tiles, conduit-pipes, bricks, and like products.
US2015750A (en) Manufacture of ceramic ware
RU2021232C1 (ru) Способ изготовления керамических строительных изделий
Riddle The production of Porcelain for electrical insulation—V
JPS5930759A (ja) 陶器の短時間製造法
JPS63254003A (ja) 遠赤外線放射物の成形方法及びその成形体
SU1288173A1 (ru) Способ изготовлени декоративных керамических элементов
KR950000692B1 (ko) 건축용 토제품의 제조방법
DK177125B1 (da) Plastisk masse til fremstilling af teglelement

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Designated state(s): AT AU BR CH DE DK FI GB HU JP KP KR LK LU MC MG MW NL NO RO SE SU

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1985902331

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1985902331

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1985902331

Country of ref document: EP