EP0179140A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un article en argile - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un article en argile

Info

Publication number
EP0179140A1
EP0179140A1 EP19850902331 EP85902331A EP0179140A1 EP 0179140 A1 EP0179140 A1 EP 0179140A1 EP 19850902331 EP19850902331 EP 19850902331 EP 85902331 A EP85902331 A EP 85902331A EP 0179140 A1 EP0179140 A1 EP 0179140A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
clay
wet
compound
clay compound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19850902331
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frederick J. Mercer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0179140A1 publication Critical patent/EP0179140A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/32—Burning methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved method of making hardened articles from a clay material- Clay is the product of the geologic weathering of the surface of the earth. It is an extremely common and abundant material. The composition of clay, of course, varies depending on the composition of the geological formations on which it is based. The chemical compo ⁇ sition of the clay can be readily determined by routine chemical analysis. The physical nature of clay, however, that is the size and shape of the particles and the forces which account for its plasticity, can be known only through microscopic study.
  • Clay when wet with the proper amount of water, will tend to hold any shape which is given to it. This property is known as plasticity.
  • plasticity When clay is wet, water penetrates and wets each individual particle and, if enough water is used, forms a film of moisture around each particle. The clay particles tend to cling to each other and slip upon one another to hold a new position when wet. This is similar in principle to the fact that one can model with wet sand, but dry sand has absolutely no plasticity at all. Different clays vary a great deal in plasticity depending on their geologic com ⁇ position.
  • Clay has little value until it is fired and made durable. Clay, when fired to a red hot or greater heat, no longer is plastic but becomes a hard and permanant substance. The fact that clay material will become hard and durable when heated beyond a certain tempera ⁇ ture has long been known and has been practiced since primitive cultures to make useful or artistic articles.
  • the firing or heating of clay until it becomes hard and perma ⁇ nent is distinguished from drying. As wet clay dries, the film of water between particles of clay evaporates and the particles draw closer and closer together resulting in a shrinking of the clay. When all the water has evaporated between the particles and the particles are in contact, drying shrinkage is complete, although the clay particles themselves may still retain moisture. Absolute drying is not complete until the moisture in the particles, as distinguished from moisture between the particles, is evaporated. The drying of the clay particles themselves does not cause, in general any. further shrinkage.
  • Drying is greatly facilitated by the presence in the clay of non-plastic particles. These particles tend to take up less water than clay and accordingly are more easily dried out. Such particles also furnish open pores or channels through which moisture can escape toward the surface. Drying is often completed in a kiln or oven in which clay bodies are usually heated or fired. At a very low kiln temperature, 212 °F, all the uncombined water in the clay will have evaporated and at that point .the clay will be completely dry. The drying stage may take as much as 18 hours for some clay materials.
  • Patent 3,533,813 it is disclosed that the formed ceramic material is first dried to remove water, either by air drying or by heating in a drying oven, and then fired at a higher tempera ⁇ ture.
  • U.S. Patent 1,925,985 also discloses that a substantial drying period, on the order of 12 hours, is required prior to firing.
  • U.S. Patent 2,251,687 requires the ceramic material to be set on a drying rack and dried at about 200 °F for 12 to 18 hours before firing.
  • the next stage after drying in the heretofore accepted method of making a clay article is "firing," that is, the heating of the clay to red-hot temperatures, which for some clay materials is on the order of 2000 ⁇ F.
  • firing the heating of the clay to red-hot temperatures, which for some clay materials is on the order of 2000 ⁇ F.
  • Unfired clay which is a soft, easily moldable material, becomes rocklike, hard and impervious to water when it is fired.
  • the fired clay eventually becomes vitrified as firing heat increases beyond red heat. Vitrification is the hardening, tightening, and glassification of clay. The vitrification gives to fired clay its characteristic hard, durable, dense and rocklike properties.
  • Clays vitrify at various temperatures depending upon their com ⁇ position. Firing clay requires just enough heat to create fusion and hardness to the material. Over-firing, however, may cause melting or deformation of the clay object.
  • the present invention eliminates the time consuming and, conse ⁇ quently, expensive step of drying prior to firing for ceramic articles.
  • the method of forming ceramic articles eliminates the drying step and allows a wet, formed, fibrous clay material to be fired at its appropriate firing temperature without first drying the clay material.
  • Direct firing using the present inven ⁇ tion results in a fired article with no appreciable cracking or warping, and without the explosion of the aritcle which was thought to be inevitable in prior teachings.
  • elongated fibers are mixed with a clay material.
  • the material is then formed into any desired shape, such as by a hydraulic press, a press mold, slip cast or an extruder to remove any air bubbles in the clay material. Any other method which achieves "de-airing" may be used also.
  • the moist fibrous materials shrink and burn out, which relieves stress and steam from within the clay and promotes faster cooling.
  • the percentage of fiber used in the clay material may vary from five to fifty percent by volume, depending on the composition and use of the end product.
  • the preferred fiber additive is microscopic cellulous fibers, although other fibers may of course be used.
  • a common clay material is mixed with from five to fifty percent by volume of microscopic, elon ⁇ gated cellulous fibers.
  • elongated fibers including inorganic, organic, macroscopic or microscopic fibers, may be used.
  • examples of such other elongated fibers include well-beaten wet peat, sawdust, wood flour, and chemical wood.
  • clay material resulting from differring geologic conditions. Any one of this materials may be used with the present invention.
  • the method of the present invention has been used successfully by thoroughly mixing approximately 5 parts of Redart brand clay with 1 part of cellulose fibers which have been well-beaten into an elongated fibrous form.
  • the fibers are evenly and randomly distributed throughout the clay.
  • the fibrous clay is then formed and "de-aired” in any conventional manner into a desired shape.
  • a hydraulic press, a press mold, an extruder or another de-airing method may be used.
  • the above-described material has been formed into a tapered ceramic bottle approximately 8 inches high and having its maximum diameter of approximately 3-1/2 inches at its bottom end.
  • the bottle was formed and de-aired using a slip cast.
  • a liquid fibrous clay mate ⁇ rial is poured into a slip, or hollow mold. The clay is allowed to harden to the desired wall thickness and the remaining liquid is then poured out.
  • the wet clay article was then placed in a thermo ⁇ statically controlled kiln at room temperature, with the temperature increasing by 500° F/hour to approximately 1850° F over the course of approximately 3.7 hours. The kiln was then turned off and allowed to cool.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de fabrication d'articles en argile éliminant l'étape de séchage et permettant la cuisson d'un matériau d'argile mouillée dans un four sans gauchissement, craquage ou déformation inacceptables consiste à mélanger des fibres dans l'argile mouillée.
EP19850902331 1984-04-20 1985-04-19 Procede de fabrication d'un article en argile Withdrawn EP0179140A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US60251584A 1984-04-20 1984-04-20
US602515 1984-04-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0179140A1 true EP0179140A1 (fr) 1986-04-30

Family

ID=24411665

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850902331 Withdrawn EP0179140A1 (fr) 1984-04-20 1985-04-19 Procede de fabrication d'un article en argile

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0179140A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61501909A (fr)
AU (1) AU4237385A (fr)
GB (1) GB2168691B (fr)
WO (1) WO1985004858A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5268131A (en) * 1989-11-30 1993-12-07 Harrison George C Method for making light weight ceramic particles

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR721820A (fr) * 1930-08-25 1932-03-08 Procédé pour la fabrication d'objets moulés en argile ou en kaolin
US2702748A (en) * 1951-04-05 1955-02-22 Heine Henry William Method for manufacturing ceramic products
GB1149487A (en) * 1966-04-29 1969-04-23 Redland Bricks Ltd Method of manufacturing bricks

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8504858A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1985004858A1 (fr) 1985-11-07
GB8530668D0 (en) 1986-01-22
JPS61501909A (ja) 1986-09-04
GB2168691B (en) 1988-07-06
GB2168691A (en) 1986-06-25
AU4237385A (en) 1985-11-15

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Legal Events

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Effective date: 19860109

AK Designated contracting states

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Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

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Effective date: 19870224

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18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19880126